Massive Black Hole Binary Evolution

"Massive Black Hole Binary Evolution"

David Merritt and Miloš Milosavljević

	Abstract
1	Introduction
2	Preliminaries
3	Observations of Binary Supermassive Black Holes
	3.1	External galaxies
	3.2	Limits on the binarity of the Milky Way Black Hole
4	Interaction of Binary Black Holes with Stars
	4.1	Dynamics of a massive binary in a fixed stellar background
	4.2	Evolution in an evolving background
	4.3	Collisional loss-cone replenishment
	4.4	Non-axisymmetric nuclei
5	Multiple Black Hole Systems
6	N-Body Studies of Binary Black Hole Evolution
7	Evidence for Cusp Destruction
8	Interaction of Binary Black Holes with Gas
	8.1	Interaction with hot gas
	8.2	Interaction with cold gas
9	Spin Evolution during Mergers
10	Summary
11	Acknowledgements
	References
	Footnotes
	Figures