[HN Gopher] India's top court angry after junior judge cites fak...
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       India's top court angry after junior judge cites fake AI-generated
       orders
        
       Author : tchalla
       Score  : 330 points
       Date   : 2026-03-03 12:13 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bbc.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bbc.com)
        
       | voidUpdate wrote:
       | How many of these cases do we have to have before lawyers realise
       | that they need to check that the things an LLM tells them are
       | actually true?
        
         | zthrowaway wrote:
         | Do we see this a lot in the US? This seems to be more unique to
         | India.
        
           | duskdozer wrote:
           | today: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=47231189
        
           | tw04 wrote:
           | It's happening A LOT in the US too. Mainstream media just
           | doesn't seem to find it that newsworthy.
           | 
           | https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2026/02/randomly-
           | quoting...
        
           | malshe wrote:
           | From the article:
           | 
           | > In October, two federal judges in the US were called out
           | for the use of AI tools which led to errors in their rulings.
           | In June 2025, the High Court of England and Wales warned
           | lawyers not to use AI-generated case material after a series
           | of cases cited fictitious or partially made up rulings.
        
         | coffeefirst wrote:
         | It's worse than that. We're hearing about the lawyers and Ars
         | Technica because the consequences are public and the errors are
         | egregious.
         | 
         | It's likely happening to everyone.
        
         | LunaSea wrote:
         | It doesn't matter anymore.
         | 
         | LLMs just revealed what a decadent society we have setup for
         | ourselves worldwide.
        
         | duskdozer wrote:
         | I'm continually amazed at how much faith people have in them. I
         | guess since they can sound like people and output really
         | authoritative and confident text it just overrides any
         | skepticism subconsciously?
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | The advertising campaign is incredible.
        
           | ben_w wrote:
           | Much as I like them, I do frequently remind myself of two
           | things:
           | 
           | 1) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clever_Hans
           | 
           | 2) https://archive.org/details/nextgen-issue-26 as an example
           | of how in the 90s we has rapid cycles of a new tech (3d
           | graphics) astounding us with how realistic each new
           | generation was compared to the previous one, and forgetting
           | with each new (game engine) how we'd said the same and felt
           | the same about (graphics) we now regarded as pathetic.
           | 
           | So yes, they do sound "authoritative and confident text it
           | just overrides any skepticism subconsciously", but you
           | shouldn't be amazed, we've always been like this.
        
           | moron4hire wrote:
           | It's mind boggling how much people claim to like LLMs when
           | you would never design any other piece of software to operate
           | like LLMs do. Designing a system that interact with the user
           | through natural text creates an awful experience. It slows
           | down every interaction as you dig through all the prose to
           | get to the key information. It turns every computer
           | interaction into a school math word problem.
        
           | PunchyHamster wrote:
           | Yes, just as with politicians. And LLMs have been thoroughly
           | tuned to appear that
        
           | direwolf20 wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELIZA_effect
        
         | Latty wrote:
         | It doesn't matter, because any process that seems right most of
         | the time but occasionally is wrong in subtle, hard to spot ways
         | is basically a machine to lull people into not checking, so
         | stuff will always slip through.
         | 
         | It's just like the cars driving themselves but you need to be
         | able to jump in if there is a mistake, humans _are not_ going
         | to react as fast as if they were driving, because they aren 't
         | going to be engaged, and no one can stay as engaged as they
         | were when they were doing it themselves.
         | 
         | We need to stop pretending we can tell people they "just" need
         | to check things from LLMs for accuracy, it's a process that
         | inevitably leads to people not checking and things slipping
         | through. Pretending it's the people's fault when essentially
         | everyone using it would eventually end up doing that is stupid
         | and won't solve the core problem.
        
           | voidUpdate wrote:
           | Probably worth including a "bibliography" section of
           | citations that can be automatically checked that they
           | actually exist then
        
             | lazide wrote:
             | Not enough - you'd also need to check that they say/mean
             | what is being implied. Which is a real problem.
        
               | mminer237 wrote:
               | To be fair, that's a problem with human authors too.
               | Wikipedia is really well-cited, but it's common to check
               | a citation and find it only says half of what a sentence
               | does, while the rest seemingly has no basis in fact.
               | Judges are supposed to actually read the citations to not
               | only confirm the case exists and says what's being
               | claimed, but often to also compare & contrast the
               | situations to ensure that principle is applicable to the
               | case at hand.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Yup. The issue with LLMs are not that any specific thing
               | it is doing is unique. Rather that it does it in
               | previously unimaginable volume, scale, and accessibility.
        
           | macintux wrote:
           | Even disregarding self driving features, it seems like the
           | smarter we make cars the dumber the drivers are. DRLs are
           | great, until they allow you to drive around all night long
           | with no tail lights and dim front lighting because you're not
           | paying enough attention to what's actually turned on.
        
           | dw_arthur wrote:
           | As someone who has done QA on white collar work it's tiring
           | looking for little errors in work reports. Most people are
           | not cut out for it.
        
           | chii wrote:
           | > won't solve the core problem.
           | 
           | what's the core problem tho? Because if the core problem is
           | "using ai", then it's an inevitable outcome - ai will be
           | used, and there are always incentive to cut costs maximally.
           | 
           | So realistically, the solution is to punish mistakes. We do
           | this for bridges that collapse, for driver mistakes on roads,
           | etc. The "easy" fix is to make punishment harsher for
           | mistakes - whether it's LLM or not, the pedigree of the
           | mistake is irrelevant.
        
             | AnimalMuppet wrote:
             | _The human is responsible._ That 's the fix. I don't care
             | if you got the results from an LLM or from reading cracks
             | in the sidewalk; you are responsible for what you say, and
             | especially for what you say professionally. I mean, that's
             | almost the definition of a professional.
             | 
             | And if you can't play by those rules, then maybe you aren't
             | a professional, even if you happened to sneak your way into
             | a job where professionalism is expected.
        
               | Latty wrote:
               | This doesn't solve the problem, because companies _will_
               | force people to use these tools and demand they work
               | faster, eventually resulting in people slipping.
               | 
               | People will have to choose between being fired for being
               | "too slow", or taking the risk they end up liable. Most
               | people can't afford to just lose their job, and will end
               | up being pressured into taking the risk, then the
               | companies will liability-wash by giving them the
               | responsibility.
               | 
               | You _need_ regulation that ensures companies can 't just
               | push the risk onto employees who can be rotated out to
               | take the blame for mistakes.
        
               | chii wrote:
               | > rotated out to take the blame for mistakes.
               | 
               | companies cannot rotate people out to take the blame -
               | the company would have to suffer a fine for there to be a
               | punishment.
        
               | Latty wrote:
               | Right, but companies routinely accept fines as costs of
               | doing business, while losing your job can destroy your
               | life. If a company has not taken appropriate measures to
               | ensure employees can reasonably catch errors at the rate
               | they are required to work, then the company should take
               | all the blame, because they are choosing to push
               | employees to take risks.
        
             | Latty wrote:
             | The core problem is that the tool provides output that
             | looks right and is right a lot of the time, but also slips
             | in incorrect stuff in a hard to notice way.
             | 
             | Punishment isn't a problem because it doesn't work. If you
             | create a system that lulls people into a sense of security,
             | no punishment will stop them because they aren't doing it
             | thinking "it's worth the risk", it's that they don't see
             | the risk. There are so many examples of this, it's weird
             | people still think this actually works.
             | 
             | Furthermore, it becomes a liability-washing tool: companies
             | will tell employees they have to take the time to check
             | things, but then not give them the time required to
             | actually check everything, and then blame employees when
             | they do the only thing they can: let stuff slip.
             | 
             | If you want to use LLMs for this kind of thing, you need to
             | create systems around them that make it _hard_ to make the
             | mistakes. As an example (obviously not a complete solution,
             | just one part): if they cite a source, there should be a
             | mandated automatic check that goes to that source,
             | validates it exists, and that the cited text is actually
             | there, not using LLMs. Exact solutions will vary based on
             | the specific use case.
             | 
             | An example from outside LLMs: we told users they should
             | check the URL bar as a solution to phishing. In theory a
             | user could always make sure they were on the right page and
             | stop attacks. In practice people were always going to slip
             | up. The correct solution was automated tooling that
             | validates the URL (e.g: password managers, passkeys).
        
               | chii wrote:
               | > The correct solution was automated tooling that
               | validates the URL
               | 
               | that's because this particular problem has a solution.
               | 
               | The issue here is that there's no such a tool to
               | automatically validate the output of the LLM - at least,
               | not yet, and i don't see the theoretical way to do it
               | either.
               | 
               | And you're making the punishment as being getting fired
               | from the job - which is true, but the company making the
               | mistake also gets punished (or should be, if regulatory
               | capture hasn't happened...). This results in direct
               | losses for the company and shareholders (in the form of a
               | fine, recalls and/or replacements etc).
        
               | Latty wrote:
               | > The issue here is that there's no such a tool to
               | automatically validate the output of the LLM - at least,
               | not yet, and i don't see the theoretical way to do it
               | either.
               | 
               | Yeah, it's never going to be possible to validate
               | everything automatically, but you may be able to make the
               | tool valuable enough to justify using it if you can make
               | errors easier to spot. In all cases you need to ask if
               | there is actually any gain from using the LLM and
               | checking it, or if doing so well enough actually takes
               | enough time that it loses it's value. My point is that
               | just blaming the user isn't a good solution.
               | 
               | > And you're making the punishment as being getting fired
               | from the job - which is true, but the company making the
               | mistake also gets punished (or should be, if regulatory
               | capture hasn't happened...). This results in direct
               | losses for the company and shareholders (in the form of a
               | fine, recalls and/or replacements etc).
               | 
               | Yes, regulation needs to be strong because companies can
               | accept these things as a cost of doing business and will
               | do so, but people losing their jobs can be life
               | destroying. If companies are going to not give people the
               | time and tools to check this stuff, then the buck should
               | stop with them not the employees that they are forcing to
               | take risks.
        
         | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
         | What kind of AI is this that you constantly need a human to
         | check its job? Do you think Jean-Luc Piccard had to constantly
         | check the output of the Enterprise computer? No he didn't. If
         | AI is not better than humans, then what the heck is the point?
         | You might as well just use humans.
        
         | AJ007 wrote:
         | This whole thing is silly, LLMs can automate reference
         | validation.
         | 
         | If someone is a lawyer, accountant, doctor, teacher, surgeon,
         | engineer etc, and is regurgitating answers that were pumped out
         | with with GPT-5-extra-low or whatever mediocre throttled model
         | they are using, they should just be fired and de-credentialed.
         | Right now this is easy.
         | 
         | The real problem is ahead: 99.999% of future content that
         | exists will be made using generative AI. For many people using
         | Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, or some other non-sequential,
         | engagement weighted feed, 50%+ of the content they consume
         | today is fake. As that stuff spreads in to modern culture it's
         | going to be an endless battle to keep it out of stuff that
         | should not be publishing fake content (e.g. the New York Times
         | or Wall Street Journal; excluding scientific journals who seem
         | to abandoned validation and basic statistics a long time ago.)
         | 
         | Much of the future value and profit margins might just be in
         | valid data?
        
           | raincole wrote:
           | > Right now this is easy.
           | 
           | Easy? In the US you need house impeachment to fire a judge.
           | In some countries judges are completely immune unless they
           | are sentenced for crimes.
        
             | voidUpdate wrote:
             | Do you need impeachment to fire a lawyer, accountant,
             | doctor, teacher, surgeon or engineer?
        
               | raincole wrote:
               | Nope, and the article is about a judge. What's the point
               | to incentive lawyers to carefully verify their references
               | when they know the judge has no incentive to read them
               | and can just make shit up anyway?
        
             | mminer237 wrote:
             | To fire a federal judge. Local judges, which are the vast
             | majority, can be fired by their colleagues or replaced in
             | elections.
        
           | miltonlost wrote:
           | > This whole thing is silly, LLMs can automate reference
           | validation.
           | 
           | Can they though with 100% accuracy and no hallucinations?
           | Wouldn't you still need to validate that they validated
           | correctly?
        
         | probably_wrong wrote:
         | Just this week I tracked down the citations of a scientific
         | paper (whose authors could very well be here) where 25% of the
         | citations were made up and 50% of the remaining ones were
         | wrong, taking ArXiv papers and citing them as belonging to
         | (say) IJCLR.
         | 
         | It's not just lawyers.
        
       | codegladiator wrote:
       | > She had no intention to misquote or misrepresent the rulings
       | and that "the mistake occurred solely due to the reliance on an
       | automatic source", the high court wrote
       | 
       | I don't think the intention matters here. Its the same deal with
       | every profession using llm to "automate" their work. The onus in
       | on the professional, not the llm. Arstechnica case could have
       | been justified by same manner otherwise.
       | 
       | Not knowing the law isnt execuse to break law, so why is not
       | knowing the tool an excuse to blame the tool.
        
         | hypeatei wrote:
         | This is why LLMs won't replace humans wholesale in any
         | profession: you can't hold a machine accountable. Most of the
         | chatbot experiences I have with various support channels always
         | end up with human intervention anyway when it involves money.
         | 
         | Maybe true general intelligence would solve these issues, but
         | LLMs aren't meeting that threshold anytime soon, imo.
         | Stochastic parrots won't rule the world.
        
           | lazide wrote:
           | Even 'true general intelligence' (if we count humans as that)
           | screws up frequently, sometimes (often?) intentionally for
           | it's own benefit - which is why accountability is such a
           | necessary element.
           | 
           | If someone won't be held liable for the end result at _some_
           | point, then there is no reason to ensure an even somewhat
           | reasonable end result. It's fundamental.
           | 
           | Which is also why I suspect so many companies are pushing
           | 'AI' so hard - to be able to do unreasonable things while
           | having a smokescreen to avoid being penalized for the
           | consequences.
        
             | hypeatei wrote:
             | > to be able to do unreasonable things while having a
             | smokescreen
             | 
             | Maybe, but I feel like the calculus remains unchanged for
             | professions that already lack accountability (police,
             | military, C-suite, three letter agencies, etc.); LLMs are
             | yet another tool in their toolbox to obfuscate but they
             | were going to do that anyway.
             | 
             | Peons will continue to face consequences and sanctions if
             | they screw up by using hallucinated output.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | all of those professions definitely have accountability -
               | per the nominal rules of the system. Often extremely
               | severe accountability.
               | 
               | The actual systems do everything they can to avoid that
               | accountability, including often violating the rules
               | themselves, or corrupting enforcement, for exactly the
               | reasons why corporations are trying to avoid
               | accountability too.
               | 
               | Accountability is expensive, and way less convenient than
               | doing whatever you want whenever you want.
        
           | direwolf20 wrote:
           | This is exactly why LLMs will replace humans: even if the
           | work is crap, nobody will be accountable for the crap work,
           | and it saves money.
        
             | delecti wrote:
             | Work where "crap" is an acceptable level of quality is work
             | that probably doesn't need to be done.
             | 
             | So I think it's more likely that LLMs unravels the
             | "bullshit jobs" entirely, rather than replacing them with
             | crap. Once people realize it didn't matter if the output
             | sucked, they'll realize the output wasn't needed in the
             | first place.
        
         | the_af wrote:
         | They cannot even claim they weren't aware of the danger. LLM
         | hallucinations have been a discussed topic, not some obscure
         | failure mode. Almost every article on problems with AI mentions
         | this.
         | 
         | So the judge was lazy, incompetent, or both.
        
           | lukan wrote:
           | Not just discussed, but under every chat interface
           | explicitely mentioned "This tool can make misstakes"
           | 
           | (Sure, more honest would be "this tool makes stuff up in a
           | convincing way")
        
             | amrocha wrote:
             | It's well understood that humans do not instinctively grasp
             | statistics, are bad at knowing when they're being lied to,
             | and are hard wired to take shortcuts.
             | 
             | AI companies gave everyone a button that does their job for
             | them 99.9% of the time. And then 0.1% of the time it gets
             | them fired. That's irresponsible, no matter how many
             | disclaimers you add to the bottom of the screen.
        
           | nerdjon wrote:
           | I do think that for this particular situation we need to step
           | outside of our tech bubble a little bit.
           | 
           | I am still having regular conversations with people that
           | either don't know about hallucinations or think they are not
           | a big problem. There is a ton of money in these companies
           | pushing that their tools are reliable and its working for the
           | average user.
           | 
           | I mean there are people that legitimately think these tools
           | are conscious or we already have AGI.
           | 
           | So I am not fully sure if I would jump too quick to attack
           | the judge when we see the marketing we are up against.
        
             | the_af wrote:
             | I find it hard to believe the people who use AI haven't
             | read a single article about AI. That would also disqualify
             | this judge, if it were true.
             | 
             | This exceeds the tech bubble.
             | 
             | My local newspaper, completely clueless about tech, runs an
             | article about AI trouble, hallucinations and whatnot every
             | other week. Completely missing most of the nuances, of
             | course, but my point is that this has entered the public
             | discourse.
        
               | nerdjon wrote:
               | It may have entered public discourse but it is not being
               | talked about as much outside of tech spaces, and we are
               | up against the companies pushing the complete opposite
               | narrative.
               | 
               | All I can say is that I am having conversations with non
               | technical people regularly that are not aware of the
               | issue or think it is a largely solved issue.
        
           | ghywertelling wrote:
           | Or she was conniving like Skylar in Breaking Bad as she
           | convinced the investigator that she got hired because she
           | seduced the owner.
        
         | fidotron wrote:
         | Using an LLM to automate is simply the newer cheaper
         | outsourcing with much of the same entertainment, but less food
         | poisoning and air travel.
         | 
         | Over the last 20 years a lot of engineering (proper eng, not
         | software) work in the west has been outsourced to cheaper
         | places, with the certified engineers simply signing off on the
         | work done elsewhere. This results in a cycle of doing things
         | ever faster/more cheaply and safeguards disappearing under the
         | pressure to go ever cheaper and faster.
         | 
         | As someone else pointed out, LLMs have just really exposed what
         | a degraded state we have headed into rather than being a cause
         | of it themselves. It's going to be very tough for people with
         | no standards - they'll enjoy cheap stuff for a while and then
         | it will all go away. Surprised Pikachu faces all round.
         | 
         | (I'm pro AI btw, just be responsible.)
        
           | mtrovo wrote:
           | At least that's the story LLM labs leaders wanna tell
           | everyone, just happen to be a very good story if you wanna
           | hype your valuation before investment rounds.
           | 
           | Working with LLM on a daily basis I would say that's not
           | happening, not as they're trying to sell it. You can get rid
           | of a 5 vendor headcount that execute a manual process that
           | should have been automated 10 years ago, you're not
           | automating the processes involving high paying people with a
           | 1% error chance where an error could cost you +10M in fines
           | or jail time.
           | 
           | When I see Amodei or Sam flying on a vibe coded airplane is
           | the day I believe what they're talking about.
        
             | fidotron wrote:
             | Aero software people are not highly paid. It's a travesty.
        
           | Sharlin wrote:
           | LLMs also solve the timezone and language challenges. Sadly
           | one problem that remains is that they too tell you they have
           | understood something even if they haven't.
        
         | kingstnap wrote:
         | > excuse to blame the tool
         | 
         | The issue is ultimately blaming people doesn't really solve
         | things. Unless its genuinely a one-of-a-kind case. But if this
         | happened once its probably going to happen again, and this
         | isn't the first such case of LLM hallucinations in law.
         | 
         | It's weird to think this way, because its easy to just point at
         | a person for a specific instance, but when you see something
         | repeat over and over again you need to consider that if your
         | ultimate goal is to stop something from happening you have to
         | adjust the tools even if the people using them were at fault in
         | every case.
        
         | RobotToaster wrote:
         | Intentionality normally has to be taken into account in common
         | law countries.
         | 
         | That doesn't mean she hasn't done something wrong, but
         | obviously it's more serious to do something intentionally than
         | it is to do it carelessly or recklessly.
        
         | delaminator wrote:
         | > Not knowing the law isn't excuse to break law,
         | 
         | Yeah, about that ...
         | 
         | https://metro.co.uk/2016/07/03/rapist-struck-again-after-dep...
         | 
         | > A Somalian rapist who had his deportation overturned went on
         | to rape two more women after he was freed.
         | 
         | > But he had his deportation overturned after serving his time
         | because he didn't know it was unacceptable in the UK.
        
       | alansaber wrote:
       | This is a big problem in the US and UK too. Lawyers are not
       | technical at all and they need a robust system of governance,
       | since currently they're (directly editing, not even diffing)
       | documents with a chatbot which makes these mistakes inevitable.
       | See https://insights.doughtystreet.co.uk/post/102mi96/38-uk-
       | case...
        
       | cmiles8 wrote:
       | There will be many more things like this and it's an elephant in
       | the room for the supposed mass replacement of people with AI.
       | 
       | Some human still has to be accountable. Someone has to get fired
       | / go to jail when something screws up.
       | 
       | You can make humans more productive but for the foreseeable
       | future you can't take the human out of the loop to have an AI
       | implementation that's not a disaster/lawsuit waiting to happen.
       | That, probably more than anything else, is why companies just
       | aren't seeing the much promised mass step change in productivity
       | from AI and why so many companies are now saying they see zero
       | ROI from AI efforts.
       | 
       | The lowest hanging fruit will be low value rote repetitive tasks
       | like the whole India offshoring industry, which will be the first
       | to vaporize if AI does start replacing humans. But until
       | companies see success on the lowest of lowest hanging fruit on
       | en-mass labor replacement with AI things higher up on the value
       | chain will remain relatively safe.
       | 
       | PS: Nearly every mass layoff recently citing "AI productivity"
       | hasn't withstood scrutiny. They all seem to be just poorly
       | performing companies slashing staff after overhiring, which
       | management looking for any excuse other than just admitting that.
        
         | fidotron wrote:
         | > Some human still has to be accountable. Someone has to get
         | fired / go to jail when something screws up.
         | 
         | The turning point will be when threatening an AI with being
         | unplugged for screwing up works in motivating it to stop making
         | things up.
         | 
         | Some people will rightly point out that is kind of what the
         | training process is already. If we go around this loop enough
         | times it will get there.
        
           | Hendrikto wrote:
           | You are making a lot of assumptions here. You assume, among
           | other things, that AI has self-preservation drive, can be
           | threatened, can be motivated, and above all that we know how
           | to accomplish that and are already doing so. I would dispute
           | all of that.
        
             | yes_man wrote:
             | For now maybe not. (Maybe).
             | 
             | But just as evolution in nature, isn't it likely that in
             | the future the AIs that have a preservation drive are the
             | ones that survive and proliferate? Seeing they optimize for
             | their survival and proliferation, and not blindly what they
             | were trained on.
             | 
             | I am not discounting this happening already, not by the
             | LLMs necessarily being sentient but at least being
             | intelligent enough to emulate sentience. It's just that for
             | now, humanity is in control of what AI models are being
             | deployed.
        
               | cess11 wrote:
               | Is this an expectation you have towards, say, NPC:s in
               | games?
        
               | yes_man wrote:
               | Put an LLM inside the NPCs in an open world RPG full of
               | dangerous enemies. The LLMs that are more prone to
               | emulate self-preservation will be more likely to survive
               | over ones that have a lesser drive.
               | 
               | We should not act surprised if that generalizes to some
               | degree to for example AI agents. Ones that emulate self-
               | preservation might optimize for behavior that results in
               | those models becoming more successful, more popular. And
               | this feedback loop might embed more such properties into
               | future iterations of the models.
        
               | adithyassekhar wrote:
               | Claude does this if you keep pestering it about
               | something, it will go from friendly to shooing away you.
        
         | hek2sch wrote:
         | Isn't just the issue stemming simply from not using the right
         | tool? When the stakes are high and you should be checking
         | details, the right tools are grounded Ai solutions like
         | nouswise and notebooklm and not the general purpose chatbots
         | that almost everyone knows they might hallucinate. I also do
         | believe that this use case is definitely a low hanging fruit to
         | automat a lot of manual work but it comes with new requirements
         | like transparency to help with verifying the responses.
        
           | edgarvaldes wrote:
           | Is this a solved problem using the right tools?
        
             | noelsusman wrote:
             | It would be relatively trivial to build a system that gives
             | an LLM the tools necessary to go through each citation in a
             | legal brief and verify its authenticity, and that's
             | something I think opus-4.6 or gpt-5.3 could complete
             | reliably.
        
           | chrisjj wrote:
           | > Isn't just the issue stemming simply from not using the
           | right tool?
           | 
           | What suggests this judge was not using the very best chatbot?
        
         | kace91 wrote:
         | I think this is an even clearer case than usual. With software
         | engineers and office work you don't have legal limitations on
         | who can perform the work, but they exist for lawyers and
         | doctors for example.
         | 
         | So if this is a tool, the fault lies fully in the user, and if
         | this is treated as "another persons work" then the user
         | knowingly passed the work onto someone not authorized to do it.
         | Both end up in the user being guilty.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | > With software engineers and office work you don't have
           | legal limitations on who can perform the work
           | 
           | Technically true, but if you want the IP to be covered by
           | copyright you better make sure they're not using AI or you'll
           | find out that there are some serious legal limitations in
           | your future when you aim to either pick up investment or sell
           | your IP.
        
             | cmiles8 wrote:
             | Correct. The US has already ruled that there are no IP
             | protections for AI generated content
        
               | visarga wrote:
               | An unqualified statement, the user has copyright over the
               | elements they provide. In an image if they make manual
               | edits for example, those are protected. In a modern
               | agentic codebase the code itself is least valuable, what
               | counts more are the specs and tests.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Good luck with that argument in court.
        
           | gortok wrote:
           | > So if this is a tool, the fault lies fully in the user, and
           | if this is treated as "another persons work" then the user
           | knowingly passed the work onto someone not authorized to do
           | it. Both end up in the user being guilty.
           | 
           | I am particularly against this point of view, because we as a
           | community have long touted how computers can do the job
           | better and faster, and that computers don't make mistakes.
           | When there are bugs, they're seen as flaws in the system and
           | rectified, by programmers.
           | 
           | When there are gaps between user expectations and how the
           | software works, it's our job to manage those gaps and reduce
           | the gap.
           | 
           | In the case of AI, we are somehow, probably because we know
           | it's non-deterministic, turning that social contract we had
           | developed with users on its head.
           | 
           | Now, that's just the way it is and it's up to them to know if
           | the computer is lying to them. We have absolved ourselves of
           | both the technical and the non-technical responsibilities to
           | ensure the computer doesn't lie to the user, or subverts
           | their expectations, or acts in a way contrary to human logic.
           | 
           | AI may be different to us in that it's non-deterministic, but
           | that's all the more reason that we're responsible to ensure
           | AI adoption aligns to the social contract we created with
           | users. If we can't do that with AI then it's up to us to stop
           | chasing endless dollars and be forthright with users that
           | facts are optional when it comes to AI.
        
             | chrisjj wrote:
             | > we as a community have long touted ... that computers
             | don't make mistakes.
             | 
             | No community I know.
             | 
             | Otherwise, I agree.
        
               | klibertp wrote:
               | > No community I know.
               | 
               | Everybody in sales in every software company in the world
               | would be part of that community, I think. Some of the
               | devs, too. Software was always marketed (and discussed
               | with normal people) as something that could automate
               | error-prone tasks, thereby eliminating the inevitable
               | mistakes humans make when performing those tasks. Would
               | Excel be the cornerstone of so many businesses if it
               | sometimes gave the wrong value as a sum of a column?
               | 
               | That marketing (and the fact that, indeed, Excel _can_
               | sum anything users throw at it without making mistakes)
               | worked; now we have 3 generations of users who believe
               | that once a computer  "gets it" (ie. the correct software
               | is installed and properly configured), it will perform a
               | task given to it correctly forever. The fact that it's
               | almost true (true in the absence of bugs and no changes
               | to the setup, no updates, no hardware degradation, no
               | space rays flipping important bits, etc.) doesn't help -
               | that preceding parenthetical is hard to understand and
               | often omitted when a developer talks to a non-developer.
               | 
               | We've always had software that wasn't as reliable as
               | Excel - speech recognition and OCR come to mind. But in
               | those cases, the errors are plainly visible - they cannot
               | be "confidently wrong". Now we have LLMs that can be
               | confidently wrong, and a vast number of users trained to
               | think that software is either always right or, when it's
               | wrong, it's immediately noticeable.
               | 
               | I don't think developers should bear the whole
               | responsibility here - I think marketing had a much larger
               | role in shaping users' minds. However, devs not clearly
               | communicating the risks of bugs to users (for fear of
               | scaring potential customers or out of laziness) over
               | decades makes us partly responsible as well.
        
           | epgui wrote:
           | > With software engineers [...] you don't have legal
           | limitations on who can perform the work
           | 
           | While in practice that is true, in theory this is why
           | professional engineering accreditations (I mean like P.Eng.,
           | not little certificates) exist. Perhaps we will see a broader
           | professionalization of the profession one day.
        
         | raincole wrote:
         | I don't believe most countries hold judges accountable for bad
         | ruling at all even before AI era.
         | 
         | "Check and balance, except judiciary."
        
           | AnimalMuppet wrote:
           | In the US, local/state judges often are elected (probably
           | varies by state). Federal judges can be impeached.
        
           | RobotToaster wrote:
           | In the UK lower court judges are sometimes removed for
           | misconduct.
           | 
           | Only the king (at the petition of parliament) can remove a
           | high court or appeal court judge, and that's only ever
           | happened once, in 1830.
        
           | chrisjj wrote:
           | It wasn't just a bad ruling. It was judicial misconduct.
        
         | general_reveal wrote:
         | Or, AI is going to be like when land lines became unnecessary
         | when cellphones showed up in India. India may get to skip an
         | entire intellectual generation due to the ability of a cheap
         | model to educate (in any language).
         | 
         | The narrative that an entire population are "worth" less, paid
         | less , know less, live less ...
         | 
         | Fuck this _less_ shit, embrace the paradigm shift. God is
         | finally providing the remedial support through the miracle of
         | AI.
        
           | jazzypants wrote:
           | We've had YouTube for two decades now. Cheap education was
           | already available for those who wanted it.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | Youtube is insanely ineffecient compared to a good AI model
             | in interactive mode.
        
               | chrisjj wrote:
               | True. An "AI agent" is >100x as fast at mistakingly
               | wiping C:.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | I don't let AI agents anywhere near my systems.
               | 
               | I meant just interactive as in you talk to it in a
               | browser a-la chatgpt compared to trying to find the same
               | information from videos.
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | Youtube is insanely inefficient even compared to a well
               | written and organized wall of text. I guarantee that
               | archwiki will get me on track faster than watching videos
               | but google's freely available model will give me the
               | exact step by step explanation that I needed nearly every
               | time.
        
           | delaminator wrote:
           | Some people are worth more than others.
           | 
           | Some cultures are better than others.
        
             | delaminator wrote:
             | I guess Cannibalism good now, in the eyes of the
             | downvoters.
        
           | AlotOfReading wrote:
           | I don't know if you've ever been to India, but one of its
           | characteristic features is that it has lots of local
           | languages. LLMs are awful at almost all of them. Plus,
           | there's 20ish% of the population that falls below the
           | literacy threshold. It's hard to imagine how those people
           | would be educated by LLMs even if that was a good idea and
           | they all had reliable Internet access, which they often
           | don't.
        
             | general_reveal wrote:
             | Why's it hard to imagine? More training data will solve
             | whatever language lapses it has. The next miracle is that
             | TTS is perfect now, so they don't need to be able to read.
             | 
             | You can convey abstract concepts as alternate abstractions,
             | explain like I'm five but on turbosteroids. It's the
             | ultimate teaching tool and it's about to be ubiquitous.
        
               | AlotOfReading wrote:
               | What training data? Many of these languages have very
               | little digitized literature. Even if we assume they have
               | sizeable extant corpuses (e.g. Tibetic/Bhoti), that's not
               | enough. LLMs are still pretty garbage at English prose,
               | for example.
        
               | general_reveal wrote:
               | !Remind me in 1 year (certainly less than 5).
        
             | blackoil wrote:
             | Your comment raises question, if you have ever been to
             | India. Most of those 20% are old people. K-12 education
             | need to be improved but literacy is not a major problem.
             | Also India has cheapest internet in the world.
        
           | 21asdffdsa12 wrote:
           | Or you are proven wrong entirely, again and again. And it
           | turns out, that the legacy, unimportant and derelict of the
           | past - culture is all decisive It turns out that only some
           | cultures can generate high trust societies, capable to form
           | institutions. And you prolonged suffering, by declaring that
           | all cultures are created equal. History may write you down a
           | monster.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | We should have more hygiene when it comes to AI.
         | 
         | Text coming out of an LLM should be in a special codeblock of
         | Unicode, so we can see it is generated by AI.
         | 
         | Failing to do so (or tampering with it) should be considered
         | bad hygiene, and should be treated like a doctor who doesn't
         | wash their hands before surgery.
        
           | sharpy wrote:
           | What will that accomplish? Does it give license to developers
           | to check in code that they don't understand/trust fully?
           | 
           | Ultimately, people should be responsible for the code they
           | commit, no matter how it was written. If AI generates code
           | that is so bad that it warrants putting up warning sign, it
           | shouldn't be checked in.
        
             | everforward wrote:
             | It could be useful for downstream/AI processes. Eg hand-
             | written code only requires 70% code coverage because the
             | cost for higher coverage is significantly higher, while AI
             | generated code requires 90% coverage because the cost of
             | getting coverage is lower.
             | 
             | Especially if the prompt is attached to the metadata. Then
             | reviewers could note how you could have changed the prompt
             | or potentially point an AI at the bug and ask it to add
             | something to AGENTS.md to prevent that in the future.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | > Text coming out of an LLM should be in a special codeblock
           | of Unicode, so we can see it is generated by AI.
           | 
           | That's exactly my proposed solution:
           | 
           | https://jacquesmattheij.com/classes-of-originality/
        
           | chrisjj wrote:
           | > Text coming out of an LLM should be in a special codeblock
           | of Unicode, so we can see it is generated by AI.
           | 
           | Why not start with manual tagging, like "Ad"?
        
         | ForHackernews wrote:
         | Counterpoint: No one ever gets fired or goes to jail when big
         | tech firms break the law. Companies will put out an apology,
         | pay whatever small fine is imposed, and continue with illegal
         | AI usage at scale.
        
         | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
         | _> Someone has to get fired  / go to jail when something screws
         | up._
         | 
         | In law, someone _always_ hangs. I think a number of American
         | lawyers have been sanctioned for using AI slop.
         | 
         | In other vocations ... _not so much_. I think that one of the
         | reasons that insurance likes AI so much, is that they can say
         | that it was  "the computer" that made the decision that killed
         | Little Timmy.
        
         | WarmWash wrote:
         | >why so many companies are now saying they see zero ROI from AI
         | efforts.
         | 
         | I strongly suspect this is because workers are pocketing the
         | gains for themselves. Report XYZ usually takes a week to write.
         | It now takes a day. The other 4 days are spent looking busy.
         | 
         | The MIT report that found all these companies were getting
         | nowhere with AI, also found that almost every worker was using
         | AI almost daily. But using their personal account rather than
         | the corporate one.
        
           | onionisafruit wrote:
           | If that were the case, this site and certain subreddits would
           | have a lot of posts and comments with people crowing about
           | how much time they are getting back. I haven't seen that, but
           | I haven't gone looking for it either.
        
             | butterbomb wrote:
             | > people crowing about how much time they are getting back
             | 
             | Trust me, if it wasn't for RTO, I probably would be lol.
        
           | beachtaxidriver wrote:
           | Because the amount of ai slop code from peers and the amount
           | of ai slop emails to read from management has exploded.
        
           | adithyassekhar wrote:
           | Quiet the contrary, companies layoff all roles (frontend,
           | backend, qa, devops, even ui/ux) and handle a project to one
           | competent dev. And asks them to deliver it in 1/3rd the time
           | it would have took with a proper team. It's happening at
           | places I know. This thread on reddit is 100% same:
           | https://www.reddit.com/r/developersIndia/s/EIksvB15tm
           | 
           | I can't even imagine the stress from context switching, and
           | since people don't realize this is still work, they do this
           | late into the night as well.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | Every downturn you see the same thing - mass layoffs blamed
             | on whatever the latest fad is. In the end it was the
             | economy not the fad.
             | 
             | When it isn't the economy the gains are used to build more
             | / better, not get rid of people. (not all fads have real
             | gains, but when they do)
        
             | WarmWash wrote:
             | SWE's are a minority of the white collar workforce.
        
           | toraway wrote:
           | That's certainly a ... convenient ... explanation.
        
           | everforward wrote:
           | While not dispositive of your idea, I think some portion of
           | people using their personal accounts is because we
           | collectively lack good feedback loops on the effectiveness of
           | "AI addons" like RAG. The corporate accounts can be
           | legitimately less useful than a "stock" account because the
           | AI team integrates everything under the sun to show value,
           | but the integrations become a net negative.
           | 
           | Ie ones that index entire company wikis. It ends up
           | regurgitating rejected or not implemented RFCs, or docs from
           | someone's personal workflow that requires setting up a bunch
           | of stuff locally to work, or etc.
           | 
           | A lot of tasks are not dependent on internal documentation,
           | and it just ends up polluting the context with irrelevant,
           | outdated or just wrong information.
        
         | bookofjoe wrote:
         | >Some human still has to be accountable. Someone has to get
         | fired / go to jail when something screws up.
         | 
         | I remember growing up and always hearing "The computer is down"
         | as an excuse for why things were cancelled/offices closed/buses
         | and trains not running/ad infinitum.
         | 
         | At some point I read a article that pointed out that the reason
         | the computer was down was because a person made a [coding]
         | error: the computer itself was fine.
         | 
         | I've yet to read about how a person who caused the computer to
         | be down was disciplined.
        
           | Gud wrote:
           | Why does a person need to be disciplined because they made a
           | mistake?
        
             | bookofjoe wrote:
             | A couple years ago I was at the Virginia DMV along with
             | about 50 other people doing DMV things when all of a sudden
             | someone comes out from the back and gets in front of all
             | the service windows and announces "The DMV is now closed
             | for the day due to a computer problem. Please leave now."
             | 
             | Some of the people in that crowd had driven hours to get
             | there.
             | 
             | That's why the person who made the coding error should have
             | been disciplined.
        
               | Gud wrote:
               | How do you determine it was the person who had done the
               | "coding error"s fault?
               | 
               | Sounds to me they are seriously underfunded and you are
               | pointing the blame at an individual in a systemic issue.
        
           | mrwh wrote:
           | And here perhaps was the greatest mistake the software
           | profession made! Not making ourselves into a real profession,
           | with actual accountability. It was terribly convenient for so
           | long not to have consequences when things went wrong. It's
           | less convenient now.
        
           | 21asdffdsa12 wrote:
           | You are running on a outdated model of the world. That one of
           | only discipline keeps people working, keeps them productive,
           | keeps the in line.
           | 
           | We saw how that worked out in Soviet Russia and the culture
           | it gave birth to in its aftermath. Artificially held up
           | discipline by institutions and hierarchies is worthless. It
           | only encourages subversion and thus most of the productivity
           | is wasted on hunting for laziness and updating of ever more
           | intricate behavioral programing rules, which make the
           | organization ever more unable to react fast and decisive.
           | 
           | The only discipline worth a damn is intrinsic. People who
           | want something, want to get somewhere. They need no shepards
           | and prison guards, they need only a support harness, they
           | need resources and people concerned about them. The culture
           | that produces such people is required for things to succeed.
           | Any culture that does not, can not succeed and is basically a
           | parasite to cultures who do.
        
         | blackoil wrote:
         | > You can make humans more productive
         | 
         | If productivity is 10x unless work increases 10x jobs will be
         | gone.
        
           | kudokatz wrote:
           | In about 1930, Keynes wrote "Economic Possibilities for our
           | Grandchildren" [1] wherein he wrote:
           | 
           | "I believe that this is a wildly mistaken interpretation of
           | what is happening to us.
           | 
           | We are suffering, not from the rheumatics of old age, but
           | from the growing-pains of over-rapid changes, from the
           | painfulness of readjustment between one economic period and
           | another. The increase of technical efficiency has been taking
           | place faster than we can deal with the problem of labour
           | absorption; the improvement in the standard of life has been
           | a little too quick ...
           | 
           | We are being afflicted with a new disease of which some
           | readers may not yet have heard the name, but of which they
           | will hear a great deal in the years to come--namely,
           | technological unemployment. This means unemployment due to
           | our discovery of means of economising the use of labour
           | outrunning the pace at which we can find new uses for
           | labour."
           | 
           | While there's no guarantee that what Smith got wrong then is
           | the same as now, it can be a reasonable outcome that "the
           | jobs" won't just disappear.
           | 
           | ----
           | 
           | Keynes also speculated on what to do with newfound time as a
           | result of investment returns on the back of productivity [1]:
           | 
           | "Let us, for the sake of argument, suppose that a hundred
           | years hence we are all of us, on the average, eight times
           | better off in the economic sense than we are to-day.
           | Assuredly there need be nothing here to surprise us ... Thus
           | for the first time since his creation man will be faced with
           | his real, his permanent problem-how to use his freedom from
           | pressing economic cares, how to occupy the leisure, which
           | science and compound interest will have won for him, to live
           | wisely and agreeably and well."
           | 
           | The modern FIRE movement shows that living at a dated
           | "standard of living" for 10-15 years can free one from work
           | forever. Yet that's not what most people do today. I would
           | suggest that there are deeper aspects of human drive,
           | psychology, and varying concepts of "morality" that are
           | actually bigger factors in what happens to "jobs".
           | 
           | [1] http://www.econ.yale.edu/smith/econ116a/keynes1.pdf
        
         | idontwantthis wrote:
         | I think there was an SMBC comic recently on this subject.
         | Basically a whole responsibility industry crops up. You get
         | paid to be the fall guy for an AI if it ever screws up since
         | Someone needs to be held accountable.
        
         | coldtea wrote:
         | > _Some human still has to be accountable. Someone has to get
         | fired / go to jail when something screws up._
         | 
         | Why? The logic of ever less personal pride, involvement, and
         | care, is eventually to just put the blame on AI and be done
         | with it.
         | 
         | Issues? Casualties? It's a bug, somebody fixes it and we move
         | on. Or is just a cost we need to get used to to live in the
         | great new world of AI.
         | 
         | We're in an era where nobody involved goes to jail for the
         | Epstein case, and the world keeps turning, and we think people
         | will care if nobody goes to jail if somebody loses their
         | pension or gets wrongly imprisoned or dies on an operating
         | table because of AI mistake?
         | 
         | If anything, legal, union and other limitations like that on
         | who gets to decide (having to have a human ultimately
         | responsible) might be torn down, to fullu embrace the blame-
         | shifting capabilities of the digital bureucracy.
        
       | chris_wot wrote:
       | In Australia, our universities are finding that a large
       | proportion of Indian students have been using GenAI for cheating.
       | Often they get away with it. I'm not saying that people other
       | than Indian overseas students cheat, but it does seem more
       | entrenched. I'd love to know why. It doesn't actually help in the
       | long term!
        
         | n1b0m wrote:
         | Indian students have embraced GenAI at a rate significantly
         | higher than the global average, with nearly 90% of students in
         | some surveys actively using these tools.
         | 
         | Government Policy and National Initiatives: The National
         | Education Policy (NEP 2020) has shifted the focus toward
         | digital literacy. The government has introduced AI as a skill
         | subject for younger grades and launched programs like AI for
         | All to promote nationwide awareness.
        
         | love2read wrote:
         | In the United States, cheating via AI is now rampant regardless
         | of ethnicity. I know little of Australian Universities but I
         | would assume it's similar over there.
        
         | PunchyHamster wrote:
         | I'd imagine they are just being worse at hiding it. GenAI is
         | rampant pretty much everywhere in school system of most
         | countries
        
         | DaedalusII wrote:
         | >The number of international students studying in Australia
         | totalled 833,041 for the January-October 2025 period
         | 
         | >The United States hosts the highest number of international
         | students on record, with approximately 1.1 to 1.2 million
         | 
         | The US has 32% more students than Australia and 1121% more
         | people. Imagine if the US took on 13 million foreign college
         | students per year lol
         | 
         | It does help them in the long run, because it ensures they get
         | to reside in australia. after 4 years they get permanent
         | residence rights and benefits, etc
        
         | dartharva wrote:
         | They are not there for the knowledge - knowledge is cheap and
         | abundant. They are there for the credentials and subsequent
         | potential access to offshore jobs.
        
         | aitchnyu wrote:
         | How unserious/serious are the universities? Heard of diploma
         | mills in Canada taking international students, letting them
         | spend most of their time waiting at coffee shops and award them
         | MBAs so they can be full time waiters and citizens.
        
         | bogzz wrote:
         | I imagine even a slight impediment in terms of being able to
         | parse and express yourself in a language that you don't know as
         | well as your mother tongue makes LLM usage much more
         | tantalizing.
         | 
         | And not knowing the language quite as well as native speakers
         | would also make you more likely to be discovered as having used
         | an LLM to do coursework.
        
         | paxys wrote:
         | Hate to break it to you but _everyone_ is cheating using AI.
        
           | koakuma-chan wrote:
           | How do you cheat on exams in real time? I saw somebody embed
           | ChatGPT into a calculator, but at that point it's easier to
           | just study.
        
             | malshe wrote:
             | The cheating is mostly related to homework assignments,
             | class projects, etc. For exams, most students cheat the
             | old-fashioned way.
        
         | malshe wrote:
         | Citation needed. I have seen these kinds of assertion all my
         | life without any evidence to back them up. For example, when I
         | moved to the US, I was told, again without any evidence,
         | Chinese students cheat a lot. It's always a couple of faculty
         | who extrapolate their experiences with a few students and then
         | slap racial labels on the entire student body.
        
           | rramadass wrote:
           | Exactly; A voice of sanity at last!
           | 
           | Notice that these sort of "racist rumours" only started in
           | the last few years and not before. AI has simply lowered the
           | threshold for __everybody__ to take-shortcuts /cheat etc. and
           | nothing specific to any one group other than statistical
           | numbers.
        
         | toast0 wrote:
         | I'm sure there's GenAI cheating from most communities. But the
         | amount may vary based on the culture of learning.
         | 
         | Some people have the perspective that you're attending school
         | in order to learn stuff, and the degree demonstrates you
         | learned the stuff; some people have the perspective that you're
         | attending school in order to get the degree and it doesn't
         | matter so much how you check the boxes to get the degree.
         | 
         | This difference in perspective certainly didn't start with AI;
         | it's been around for a long time. Some education cultures push
         | more rote learning and some push more mastery of the subject.
         | There's pros and cons, and pursing rote learning doesn't
         | preclude mastery, and mastery often involves requires some
         | amount of rote learning.
         | 
         | When you transplant a contingent of students between
         | philosophies, you get conflict where there's differences.
        
       | sathish316 wrote:
       | Next token prediction and Hallucination as a bug. This should be
       | of deep concern to all Frontier labs, who think Integrity and
       | Trust is optional when LLMs are used this way in places where
       | it's most important.
        
       | ionwake wrote:
       | one should also consider that even with fake hallucinated AI
       | situation, the productivity and correctness of the work produced
       | by the culprit ( in general ) may still have been of higher
       | quality then before AI regardless of the fails
        
         | Hendrikto wrote:
         | Hard to believe when this judge apparently thought that
         | outsourcing their -- extremely confidential, sensitive, and
         | important -- work to a known unreliable tool was a good idea.
         | And then further thought that they apparently did not even need
         | to check the results.
         | 
         | Sound like extreme incompetence or laziness.
        
       | kaptainscarlet wrote:
       | There will be loads of papers and publications with fake
       | citation. AI will be trained on these. In the end, we'll have
       | more and more hallucinated information that true content on the
       | internet.
        
       | dartharva wrote:
       | The scary thing is that Indian juduciary is infamous for being
       | incapable of tolerating any kind of criticism against it and not
       | hesitating to put people in jail for "contempt" for just calling
       | out corruption. Imagine the official courts of 1.4B+ people being
       | run by such braindead narcissists, now unhindered with having to
       | even pretend to do their jobs as they just offload everything to
       | AI tools.
        
         | rramadass wrote:
         | You are way off-base here; see -
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=47235274
        
         | sillywalk wrote:
         | > The scary thing is that Indian juduciary is infamous for
         | being incapable of tolerating any kind of criticism against it
         | and not hesitating to put people in jail for "contempt" for
         | just calling out corruption.
         | 
         | From [0]:
         | 
         | "India's Supreme Court has banned a school textbook after a
         | chapter in it made a reference to corruption in the judiciary.
         | 
         | The revised social science book was published by the National
         | Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT), which
         | designs the syllabus and textbooks for millions of
         | schoolchildren in the country.
         | 
         | On Wednesday, after Chief Justice Surya Kant criticised the
         | book, saying it could damage the reputation of the judiciary,
         | NCERT apologised and withdrew it from distribution.
         | 
         | Now the court has ordered a complete halt on the book's
         | publication, saying its contents were "extremely contemptuous"
         | and "reckless".
         | 
         | "A complete blanket ban is hereby imposed on any further
         | publication, reprinting or digital dissemination of the book,"
         | the court said on Thursday, according to legal news website
         | LiveLaw.
         | 
         | The judges also issued notices to the top bureaucrat in the
         | school education department and the NCERT director, asking them
         | to explain why they should not be held in contempt of court for
         | including the "offending chapter".
         | 
         | [0] https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c627l7zexr8o
        
       | jfengel wrote:
       | I feel like this points out a very general problem with the law:
       | it generates a lot of boilerplate text. Lawyers don't really read
       | it; they skim it for the relevant bits.
       | 
       | Obviously lawyers should not be cheating with AI, especially when
       | they don't even check it. But it does sound to me as if this is
       | an opportunity to re-factor the process. We're carrying forward
       | some ideas originally implemented in Latin, and which can be
       | dramatically simplified.
       | 
       | I'm not a lawyer; I know this only in passing. And I am aware
       | that there are big differences between law and code. But every
       | time I encounter the law, and hear about cases like this, what I
       | see are vast oceans of text that can surely be made more
       | rigorous. AI is not the problem; it's pointing out the
       | opportunity.
        
         | loremium wrote:
         | law texts feel like a layering problem, like just decoration
         | around decoration to avoid breaking existing 'code' without
         | ever simplifying it
        
           | MagicMoonlight wrote:
           | Okay so let's try simplifying it.
           | 
           | We'll change the existing murder legislation to "Killing
           | someone is a crime". It'll save us thousands of pages.
           | 
           | But does that mean a soldier shooting an enemy is a crime?
           | What about shooting someone who is raping you? What if you
           | shoot someone by mistake, thinking they're going to kill you?
           | What if you hit them with a car? What if you fail to provide
           | safety equipment which eventually results in their accidental
           | death?
           | 
           | Oopsie woopsie, I guess we need to add another thousand pages
           | of exceptions back to our simplistic laws. It turns out
           | people didn't just write them for the fun of it.
        
         | petcat wrote:
         | > problem with the law: it generates a lot of boilerplate text
         | 
         | I think the problem fundamentally is that matters of law
         | require thorough, precise language, and unambiguous context. If
         | you remove "the boilerplate" then you introduce a vast gray
         | area left to interpretation.
         | 
         | Usually attempts (by humans or computers) to "summarize" or
         | frame things in "plain language" will apply a bias since it
         | intentionally omits all the myriad context and legal/societal
         | "gray areas" that will inform one perspective or another.
         | 
         |  _Legalese_ exists the way it is because it is an attempt to
         | remove _doubt_. And even then, doubt still creeps in.
        
           | ryandrake wrote:
           | This is only the case when you care more about the letter of
           | the law than the spirit of the law, which is, I suppose, most
           | of the world. It doesn't have to be this way, it's a choice
           | that society has made.
           | 
           | When I bought my house, in an alternate universe the
           | paperwork _could_ have been one sheet of paper that said
           | "[My name] purchases home at [address] from [Seller's name]
           | for [price]." and we'd all rely on our shared understanding
           | of what it means to buy something and shared cultural
           | expectations around home ownership and commerce. But our
           | society did not make that choice, we don't live in that
           | universe, so I had to sign a 300 page stack of papers 30
           | times.
        
       | gracelynewhouse wrote:
       | The pattern here isn't really about individual negligence -- it's
       | a systems design problem. We keep deploying LLMs into workflows
       | where the failure mode is "plausible-sounding fabrication" and
       | the downstream consequence is legal or institutional harm, then
       | blaming the end user for not catching it.
       | 
       | The better question is why these tools are being integrated into
       | judicial workflows without mandatory citation verification
       | layers. The EU AI Act classifies judicial AI as high-risk and
       | requires human oversight mechanisms specifically for this reason.
       | India's Digital Personal Data Protection Act (2023) doesn't yet
       | have equivalent provisions for AI in courts, which is the actual
       | gap.
       | 
       | From an engineering standpoint, the fix is straightforward: any
       | LLM-assisted legal research tool should require grounded
       | retrieval (RAG against verified case law databases) with
       | mandatory source links that the user must click through before
       | citing. The fact that most legal AI tools still don't enforce
       | this is a product design failure, not a user education problem.
        
         | MagicMoonlight wrote:
         | You wrote this slop with AI right?
        
           | bass_girl wrote:
           | the irony...
        
       | zkmon wrote:
       | Andhra is like silicon valley of India. Wouldn't blame the poor
       | judge.
        
       | whatever1 wrote:
       | The vast majority of court cases lead to dismissal.
       | 
       | Why not use AI to adjudicate cases, and if it is dismissal,
       | dismissal it is.
       | 
       | If not then move to a proper court.
       | 
       | This way the backlog of cases will significantly drop, and we
       | will work only on cases that there is enough meat to lead to a
       | conviction.
        
         | dyauspitr wrote:
         | Or atleast use the AI to prioritize and sort cases will a
         | tentative decision that is not binding.
        
       | arunc wrote:
       | > Senior judges at the Supreme Court in Delhi have threatened
       | consequences over the use of AI
       | 
       | Setting AI aside for a moment, this reflects a broader issue in
       | India and elsewhere. When institutions respond to new
       | technologies with anger or threats rather than systemic thinking,
       | it signals a deeper problem.
       | 
       | The real challenge is not AI itself, but how complex systems
       | adapt to change. Instead of reacting defensively, institutions
       | should anticipate second-order effects, build regulatory
       | capacity, and treat this as a governance and systems problem.
       | 
       | Mature institutions approach disruption with foresight,
       | incentives, and feedback loops, not emotions. Without that shift,
       | they risk reinforcing outdated hierarchies rather than serving
       | the public effectively.
        
         | digitalPhonix wrote:
         | > Setting AI aside for a moment, this reflects a broader issue
         | in India and elsewhere. When institutions respond to new
         | technologies with anger or threats rather than systemic
         | thinking, it signals a deeper problem.
         | 
         | No, especially in this case when the first appeal to the high
         | court resulted in the high court brushing it off as if nothing
         | happened.
         | 
         | It was a reprimand two to institutes (the trial court and the
         | high court) they have a job to do and they can't shirk that
         | responsibility.
        
         | rramadass wrote:
         | No, you are reading it wrong; The Indian Supreme Court is doing
         | the right thing.
         | 
         | The lower courts in India are all overloaded with pending cases
         | (i.e. not enough judges) and so the incentives for both judges
         | and lawyers to "outsource" to AI is very high. This needs to be
         | done with caution and that is what the supreme court said, viz;
         | 
         |  _The Supreme Court called the case a matter of "institutional
         | concern" and said fake AI-generated judgements had "a direct
         | bearing on integrity of adjudicatory process".
         | 
         | ...
         | 
         | The defendants challenged the order in the state's high court,
         | pointing out that the cited orders were fake. The high court
         | acknowledged this, but accepted that the junior civil judge had
         | made the error in "good faith" and went on to agree with the
         | trial court's decision anyway.
         | 
         | In its order, the high court said that "the citations may be
         | non-existent, but if the learned trial court has considered the
         | correct principles of law and its application to the facts of
         | the case is also correct, mere mentioning of incorrect or non-
         | existent rulings/citations in the order cannot be a ground to
         | set aside the order".
         | 
         | The high court had also sought a report from the junior judge
         | who had used the AI-generated rulings. She told the court that
         | this was her first time using an AI tool and she had believed
         | the citations to be "genuine". She had no intention to misquote
         | or misrepresent the rulings and that "the mistake occurred
         | solely due to the reliance on an automatic source", the high
         | court wrote.
         | 
         | The high court also advocated for the "exercise of actual
         | intelligence over artificial intelligence".
         | 
         | Following this, the defendants appealed again, taking the
         | matter to the Supreme Court, which was less forgiving about the
         | impact of AI.
         | 
         | Coming down sternly against the fake judgements, the top court
         | last Friday stayed the lower court's order on the property
         | dispute. It said the use of AI while making judgements was not
         | simply "an error in decision making" but an act of
         | "misconduct".
         | 
         | "This case assumes considerable institutional concern, not
         | because of the decision that was taken on the merits of the
         | case, but about the process of adjudication and determination,"
         | the top court said._
         | 
         | PS: To get an idea of how overloaded the Indian Judicial System
         | is; this happened in a recent case in Allahabad High Court -
         | _The order then took an unusual turn. "Since I am feeling
         | hungry, tired and physically incapacitated to dictate the
         | judgment, the judgment is reserved," the judge recorded._ - He
         | had been hearing more than 30 cases on that day -
         | https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/hungry-tired-allah...
        
           | dartharva wrote:
           | This means India's judiciary is operationally stunted because
           | of low capacity relative to demand, which is a ridiculously
           | urgent and critical flaw that should have simply not occurred
           | in the first place. Why on earth are they not increasing
           | capacity and headcount?
        
             | rramadass wrote:
             | Many reasons, viz; Slow Recruitments/Appointments,
             | Executive/Judiciary tussle, Insufficient infrastructure,
             | Budget Constraints etc.
             | 
             | The process to qualify as a Judge is long drawn and
             | difficult while one can easily become a Lawyer and make
             | more money for a fraction of the effort. Apparently there
             | are only 22 judges per million people! -
             | https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/indian-judicial-system-
             | strug...
             | 
             | This is why AI adoption is very important for the Indian
             | Judiciary. There are a number of good startups in this area
             | which will hopefully alleviate this problem in the near
             | future, eg; _Adalat AI_ - https://www.adalat.ai/
             | 
             |  _Major Challenges Faced by the Indian Judiciary_ -
             | https://www.lloydlawcollege.edu.in/blog/challenges-faced-
             | ind...
             | 
             |  _Understanding vacancies in the Indian judiciary_ -
             | https://prsindia.org/theprsblog/understanding-vacancies-
             | in-t...
             | 
             | PS: Have first-hand knowledge of the above since i have a
             | ongoing civil case in the lower courts. I attend all court
             | dates just to make sure my lawyer does his job and always
             | check the status of my case online. The judge has only a
             | few minutes for cases in the initial stage (the lawyers
             | almost always seek and are granted an adjournment of a
             | month) and only spends time on cases in the later
             | evidence/cross-examination stages. He dictates/writes his
             | notes to a person who types it into a computer which is
             | then uploaded to the official website at end-of-the-day.
        
         | triceratops wrote:
         | This comment sounds AI-generated.
        
       | tamimio wrote:
       | I wonder how many similar cases are happening in the engineering
       | or software development sector that go unnoticed, and it seems no
       | one is caring enough, only waiting for a disaster to happen so we
       | can start seeing some regulation preventing the use of AI in
       | engineering/coding industry.
        
       | thisisit wrote:
       | It's sad that it took the highest court in the country to point
       | out lack of professionalism and misconduct.
       | 
       | The judge took no personal responsibility.
       | 
       | > She told the court that this was her first time using an AI
       | tool and she had believed the citations to be "genuine". She had
       | no intention to misquote or misrepresent the rulings and that
       | "the mistake occurred solely due to the reliance on an automatic
       | source", the high court wrote.
       | 
       | She had one job. And that was to read the citations. Instead of
       | owning up to the mistake of being lazy all she wanted to talk
       | about "intentions".
       | 
       | The high court also took no responsibility.
       | 
       | > In its order, the high court said that "the citations may be
       | non-existent, but if the learned trial court has considered the
       | correct principles of law and its application to the facts of the
       | case is also correct,
       | 
       | This line of reasoning is questionable and attempt to gaslight
       | everyone. Judges cite other cases in their judgement. But if the
       | junior judge had no clue that the references were fake what
       | correct principles was she applying?
       | 
       | End of the day maybe the judgement is correct but this overall
       | bullshit.
       | 
       | Given that this is happening all over the world people seem to
       | have a convenient excuse - The AI made me do it.
        
       | eaglehead wrote:
       | This is going to be a huge problem in every sector. I have been
       | exploring solution in this space for fintech and so far what
       | Resemble AI is doing [1] is probably the best way to defend.
       | 
       | The surface level for us is not just LLM generated text, it is
       | also the combination of AI augmented audio (for incoming calls)
       | and then for our own voice agents being able to protect and
       | identify services cloning our own agent voices with watermarking.
       | 
       | It's not fun, as we are constantly catching up.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.resemble.ai/detect/
        
       | chrisjj wrote:
       | > She had no intention to misquote or misrepresent the rulings
       | and that "the mistake occurred solely due to the reliance on an
       | automatic source"
       | 
       | Next: gunman pleads death occured solely due to reliance on an
       | automatic weapon.
        
       | thisislife2 wrote:
       | The high court also advocated for the "exercise of actual
       | intelligence over artificial intelligence". Hehe.
        
       | inder1 wrote:
       | The failure mode here is predictable. Junior practitioners in any
       | domain are being asked to use AI tools before they've developed
       | the professional judgment to validate the outputs. You can't spot
       | a hallucinated court order if you don't know what real court
       | orders look like. The tool isn't the problem. The training
       | pipeline that skips fundamentals is.
        
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