[HN Gopher] Where did all the starships go?
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Where did all the starships go?
        
       Author : speckx
       Score  : 107 points
       Date   : 2026-02-03 13:27 UTC (4 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.datawrapper.de)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.datawrapper.de)
        
       | anovikov wrote:
       | Quite naturally - 1960s were the time when we discovered that
       | Solar System is a pretty barren place. Mariner IV sent back
       | pictures of craters on Mars - proving it couldn't have an
       | atmosphere dense enough for people. Venera series probes proved
       | at about same time that Venus surface was unsurvivable for
       | anything we could recognise as "life". Stars are too far away.
       | That was about it.
       | 
       | Many people don't get the origins of enthusiasm of first years of
       | the space era, it wasn't because of politics, it was because
       | there were real hope to find intelligent life in the Solar System
       | itself - as crazy as it might sound now. And almost total surety
       | of finding at least some form of complex, multicellular life.
       | Disappointment when the real data came in, was massive. That's
       | why space program went nowhere after Apollo, becoming a
       | politicised clown show - by the time Apollo 11 landed, it was
       | abundantly clear there wasn't much to see or do in the Solar
       | System.
        
         | ahazred8ta wrote:
         | In 1965, Clarke, Asimov, and other science writers were at NASA
         | watching the first images appear. "Craters. Duh, it's right
         | next to the asteroid belt, of course it has craters. Not that
         | any of us thought of it beforehand..."
        
           | eesmith wrote:
           | Do you have a reference for that account? I hadn't heard it
           | before, and it doesn't sounds quite right.
           | 
           | They certainly knew the Earth and Moon had craters, so
           | proximity to the asteroid belt isn't required.
           | 
           | I suspect they thought the atmosphere on Mars was thicker and
           | like Earth, where the high rate of erosion erases evidence.
           | 
           | Digging around through archive.org I found
           | https://archive.org/details/sim_popular-
           | astronomy_1944-05_52... from Popular Astronomy 1944
           | 
           | > The following extracts are taken from pp. 49 and 50:
           | 
           | > "The recent dominance of the meteoritic impact theory of
           | crater origin makes timely a review of the oases-crater
           | question of Mars. In this treatise, these conclusions have
           | been pointed out:
           | 
           | > "I, Meteorite craters are known on the Earth and Moon;
           | therefore, craters exist on Mars.
           | 
           | > "2. The circular oases on Mars are the size, shape, and
           | number of comparable lunar craters.
           | 
           | > "3. Crater depressions form a natural reservoir, accounting
           | for the intense vegetation in the Martian oases,
           | 
           | > "4. The random distribution of crater oases is apparent,
           | indicating that the canal system was adapted to this
           | haphazard arrangement.
           | 
           | The reviewer of the above points out
           | 
           | > "Why didn't someone think of the crater theory sooner? The
           | answer is simple. Someone did. Back in 1892, at Arequipa,
           | Peru, W. H. Pickering not only discovered the small black
           | spots on Mars, but he also recognized their similarity to the
           | circlets on the Moon. Because lunar craters were then
           | believed to be volcanic, Pickering may be forgiven for
           | implying that the Martian craterets also were of volcanic
           | origin.
           | 
           | We now know these crater oases were not real. My point is
           | only that some people proposed meteoric craters on the Moon
           | before the 1960s.
           | 
           | BTW, the SF of the pre-Mariner era does have volcanic craters
           | on Mars, like https://archive.org/details/Amazing_Stories_v15
           | n01_1941-01_c... and https://archive.org/details/Startling_St
           | ories_v07n03_1942-05... .
           | 
           | I also found https://archive.org/details/exploringmars0000ric
           | h/page/150/m... saying in 1954 "no irregularities due to
           | shadows have ever been observed along the terminator--the
           | line dividing daylight from dark--such as would be produced
           | by Martian craters." The author was an American astronomer
           | and also a SF writer in the 1950s. By this we know
           | astronomers were already considering there might be craters
           | on Mars as there are on the Moon.
        
         | mrec wrote:
         | Yup. One early Arthur C Clarke story had plants growing
         | natively on the _Moon_.
        
         | Animats wrote:
         | _It was because there were real hope to find intelligent life
         | in the Solar System itself - as crazy as it might sound now._
         | 
         | Yes. Von Braun wrote an otherwise realistic novel in which
         | earth's explorers find intelligent life on Mars.[1] Heinlein
         | wrote realistically of native intelligent life on Mars and
         | Venus, with far more benign environments then they actually
         | have. But once probes got there, we got to see how bleak they
         | are.
         | 
         | There's a little hope for extrasolar planets, now that we can
         | detect some of them.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Mars:_A_Technical_Tale
        
       | thomasguide wrote:
       | FYI, this is about the _titles_ of these books, not the textual
       | content of the books themselves. The implication of the article
       | is that sci-fi is losing relative standing to fantasy, but
       | another interpretation is that science fiction titles have become
       | more abstract and less literal over time.
        
         | tialaramex wrote:
         | Yeah, I think at most very literal titles would be a stylistic
         | phase. Even "The Martian" is more a play on words than just a
         | literal title for what it's about.
         | 
         | Taking favourite novels which are within arm's reach: Sure
         | "Rainbows End" is Science Fiction which doesn't involve space
         | travel etc. but "Incandescence" is also SF but that's _deeply_
         | about space travel. Banks ' "Whit" and "Surface Detail" are
         | both sat here. One of those is set in a lightly fictionalized
         | Scotland and the other is a Science Fiction novel where the
         | main protagonist dies but is resurrected, then is witness to
         | several of the most significant space battles of her era. But
         | like, if you didn't know, how would you guess which is which?
         | 
         | Now, Banks wasn't a _hard_ SF writer. Unlike say Egan 's
         | "Incandescence" none of the events of his SF novels are
         | actually physically plausible, but presumably this list is
         | about genre SF and thus includes Banks, Bujold etc.
        
           | NooneAtAll3 wrote:
           | so... it might be a marketing problem?
           | 
           | no publisher was there to tell author "wtf did you name it,
           | you'll get ignored" or smth?
        
             | tialaramex wrote:
             | Publishers make choices the author had no say in all the
             | time. One of the things commonly mentioned about Phil Dick
             | is that while the movies you've probably seen based on his
             | work (such as "Blade Runner" and "Total Recall") have
             | different titles than the stories they are based on, those
             | stories weren't published under his proposed name in many
             | cases either.
        
             | duskwuff wrote:
             | I don't think anyone's failing to recognize modern sci-fi
             | novels because they aren't called "The Space Martians Go To
             | The Moon In Their Starship" or whatever.
             | 
             | Really, I think the most significant trend here is that,
             | between 1950 and 1980 or so, the sci-fi genre grew up and
             | stopped relying on painfully literal titles.
        
           | rybosworld wrote:
           | A bit of an off-topic observation:
           | 
           | Banks might not have focused on the hard sci-fi aspects but I
           | have a difficult time imagining a more likely future for
           | humanity than something like the culture civilization.
        
             | Ekaros wrote:
             | As cynic I would imagine eventual collapse to be more
             | likely. Probably slow degradation back to some sort of
             | semi-advanced agricultural society. Say kinda post-
             | apocalyptic world(without proper apocalypse) with larger
             | societal structures still existing. Slow degradation of
             | industrial output until some balance level is reached.
             | 
             | Probably not best sci-fi universe one can come up to. Or
             | most selling one.
        
             | tialaramex wrote:
             | The Culture can't happen. It requires Faster Than Light
             | spaceships and that's not a thing in our universe. Also,
             | and I know it's not what you meant, but in Banks' fiction
             | "State of the Art" is specifically a novella about a
             | Culture visit to Earth in the 1970s. They're not us.
             | 
             | Egan's "The Amalgam" is an SF society which could in
             | principle descend in part from some future humanity, and I
             | suppose if you like Banks' setting for its utopianism you'd
             | be satisfied with the Amalgam. Its citizens tend to live
             | long, full lives in which they're definitely mostly
             | concerned with the upper parts of Maslow's pyramid and
             | their practical needs are fulfilled as a matter of course
             | in most cases.
             | 
             | I must say, to the extent we have any future at all, I
             | think probably of Egan's "Dream Apes". An Orangutan-like
             | self-engineered future humanity who have arranged that
             | there are no apex predators above them, there's an
             | abundance of resources for their relatively modest
             | population, and they just chill, believing that if there
             | _is_ something out there it 's not their concern. Of course
             | in the story the Dream Apes are all annihilated by a
             | cataclysmic event which destroys Earth, but hey, it's
             | pretty quick.
        
             | wat10000 wrote:
             | The part where superintelligent computers keep humans
             | around as pets in a powerful and happy civilization is
             | plausible. The part where there's hyperdrive and energy
             | grids and fields and effectors, less so.
        
         | flohofwoe wrote:
         | The sad state of the 'science fiction corner' in German book
         | chains is completely real though. Over the last two decades or
         | so you could literally see it shrink on each visit and what
         | little remains is filled with mass produced trash (Star Wars
         | novels etc). The fantasy section right next to it has been
         | eating into the science-fiction shelf space but is filled with
         | the same trash, just replace your laser-toting space troopers
         | with vampires, werewolves and dragons.
        
         | datsci_est_2015 wrote:
         | I wouldn't expect only one fiction subgenre to have such a
         | dramatic increase of proportion of abstract titles while other
         | related subgenres did not. In other words, I would expect all
         | of these graphs to have a negative correlation with time due to
         | a general abstraction of titles across all fiction subgenres. I
         | would be surprised if there was enough consumer differentiation
         | to support abstraction in one subgenre but not the others.
         | 
         | Another interpretation might be that as fewer books are
         | released in a subgenre, their titles also become more abstract,
         | which would increase the effect seen in the data presented as
         | well.
         | 
         | But I would hesitate to believe that the observed effect should
         | be chalked up to _only_ title abstraction, and not a decline in
         | popularity. Occam's razor.
        
         | Timshel wrote:
         | Like none of The Expanse books would appear...
        
           | masklinn wrote:
           | Not one of the culture books either, even though several have
           | spaceships as main characters. And only a handful of Hamilton
           | books. And I reckon a single Polity book.
        
         | masklinn wrote:
         | > science fiction titles have become more abstract and less
         | literal over time.
         | 
         | Not even abstract, just not completely on the nose. Just as a
         | lot if fantasy is not: only two discord novels would match the
         | author's search terms even though you'll find all five inside
         | the pages. None for Malazan. Or Nix's old kingdom.
         | 
         | And worse, 40% of the sci-fi terms pretty only allow settings
         | of "future solar system". Not _one_ of the Foundation books
         | would match. Pretty much no classic sci-fi either. Wells's
         | fucking The War of the Worlds would not, because for some
         | reason (of having any sort of taste) it was not titled "the day
         | Mars invaded planet earth through space and then was beaten"
         | like some lone star light novel.
        
           | notahacker wrote:
           | Yep.
           | 
           | In that sense I think it's less an overall literary trends
           | and more reflecting the pretty basic way of marketing pulpy
           | stories to teens means putting "vampire" rather than "planet"
           | in big letters in the title. Also, people still writing
           | fantasy novels about alien civilizations aren't setting them
           | on the moon or Mars any more, for reasons...
        
         | a3w wrote:
         | The genre where we find the "fantasy/sci-fi" books right next
         | to usually mystery books in our German book stores usually is
         | speculative fiction:
         | 
         | - mystery, - horror, - fantasy, - and sci-fi have lots of
         | overlap. - And XKCDs What-If-Books even.
         | 
         | But as someone who hates fantasy and loves sci-fi, the biggest
         | difference for me comes from plausibility: "a witch did it" as
         | Occam's fantasy razor for things being the way they happened,
         | and the underlying physics engine means for me: either this is
         | soft "sci-fi", or they better explain with hard rules the
         | limitations and effects of their magic system.
         | 
         | Since (low-sorcery) fantasy RPGs even have torches that would
         | never work, when historical torched looked completely
         | differently, suspension of disbelieve hardly sets in for me in
         | fantasy books.
        
       | wiredfool wrote:
       | Fantasy is certainly big, but it's not like there isn't space sf
       | or space opera out there.
       | 
       | Authors in my library who've released space sf stuff in the last
       | few years -- Anne Leckie, Ada Palmer, Andy Weir, Adrian
       | Tchaikovsky, Arkady Martine, John Scalzi, Martha Wells, James
       | Corey, Lois McMaster Bujold, Max Gladstone, Mary Robinette Kowal.
       | 
       | To be fair, some of them get into philosophy or fantasy, or even
       | romance. But the settings are SF.
        
         | Freak_NL wrote:
         | And you're not even getting into Baen and Tor books territory,
         | where the hard military scifi lives (David Weber et al).
         | 
         | (Scalzi is always fun.)
        
         | mygrant wrote:
         | Maybe 50% of my audiobook listening is the Expeditionary Force
         | series by Craig Alanson. So dumb, so much fun, and all
         | spaceships.
        
           | Maultasche wrote:
           | Yeah, that's a good one. "Dumb and fun" is a good
           | description.
           | 
           | Craig Alanson also wrote a fantasy trilogy a while back that
           | proved much better than I was expecting. It started off as
           | what appeared to be an uninteresting juvenile fantasy book,
           | but quickly got better and darker. I very much enjoyed
           | reading those.
        
       | delichon wrote:
       | The starships left with the optimism. In the 50s there was a
       | greater demand for stories with an unconstrained vision of the
       | future where growth and expansion amount to flourishing. Later
       | generations that lived in the excesses of growth saw it as the
       | source of an intensifying dystopia. They stood athwart history
       | and demanded decelleration. Star Trek lost ground to Terminator,
       | Foundation to Neuromancer. Escaping sideways into fantasy gained
       | the popularity lost by escapes into the future.
       | 
       | I predict a correlation between space-based scifi sales and polls
       | on whether the country is heading in the right direction.
        
         | Den_VR wrote:
         | I still find myself quite taken by some sci-fi writing. Iain M
         | Banks works, Rajaniemi, and Joan Slonczewski. The "problem" is
         | that they are not popular the way Harry Potter or isekai are.
        
         | chasil wrote:
         | Also, we've realized the scientific reality that traveling
         | faster than light is likely impossible, and the vast distances
         | to other habitable planets would mean tens of thousands of
         | years of travel even with the most efficient technology.
         | 
         | Interstellar space is also hostile to life, and any life
         | present at the destination will not use the same DNA coding for
         | protein (if gene expression even works that way).
         | 
         | We also do not yet have the technology for a complete survey of
         | nearby habitable planets.
         | 
         | It is not an encouraging line of thought.
        
           | lotsofpulp wrote:
           | > we've realized the scientific reality that traveling faster
           | than light is likely impossible
           | 
           | Would any of the stories about the characters' relationships
           | with people not traveling with them be entertaining given the
           | effects of time dilation?
        
           | foobarbecue wrote:
           | Maybe, but the most compelling scifi to me personally is the
           | generation ship stuff, like Ring by Steven Baxter.
        
             | wiredfool wrote:
             | And then there's Cloud Cuckoo Land. (Anthony Doerr)
        
           | Alex-Programs wrote:
           | This is motivated pessimism. We knew in the 50s that breaking
           | the speed of light was highly unlikely. We dreamed of the
           | stars anyway. Now we refuse to dream, or to even attempt to
           | solve the problems (a common pattern when discussing
           | spaceflight is people who are blatantly searching for
           | problems, rather than solutions), because we are pessimistic,
           | devoid of imagination, and seek to legitimise our collective
           | depression through scientific and engineering arguments.
        
             | chasil wrote:
             | I have upvoted you, and perhaps you are right that there
             | are shades of pessimism in this perspective.
             | 
             | The 2020s have not been known as reasons for great
             | optimism. The pandemic and AI culling clades of the job
             | market have been traumatizing experiences.
        
               | binary132 wrote:
               | If you think this is something that started in the 2020s
               | you need to review the chart.
        
             | krapp wrote:
             | I don't think it's motivated pessimism so much as a
             | shifting tastes and changes in media. There are tons of SF
             | stories with starships in movies, games and streaming
             | platforms. It just happens to be the case that fantasy is
             | more popular then SF at the moment where books are
             | concerned.
        
             | echelon wrote:
             | Our astrophysicists don't even know why the universe is
             | expanding, don't know that Lambda CDM is correct, don't
             | know if things are universally consistent, yet we're so
             | damned sure this is it.
             | 
             | We don't even know that this isn't a simulation. Not non-
             | falsifiable, sure. But we're convinced we're bound to this
             | solar system with our crude tools and limits of detection.
             | 
             | One new instrument could upset our grand understanding and
             | models. Maybe we should wait until they get better hardware
             | to marry ourselves to their prognostications of the end of
             | time.
             | 
             | During the postwar years of plenty, people stopped
             | dreaming. We had bold dreams before WWII, but people
             | stopped looking at how far we'd come and started comparing
             | themselves to everyone else. We had no mortal enemy,
             | tremendous wealth, and "keeping up with the Joneses" became
             | the new operating protocol.
             | 
             | We have more than we did in the past. The manufacturing
             | wealth of 1940-1970 was a fluke. The trade wealth of
             | 1980-2020 was a fluke. We were upset over an unfair
             | advantage that won't last forever. Even today we're still
             | better off than a hundred years ago, yet everyone focuses
             | on how bad things are.
             | 
             | Maybe a return to hardship will make us dream again.
        
               | jfengel wrote:
               | We do know why the universe is expanding. That's due to
               | general relativity. That's well attested to high
               | confidence.
               | 
               | We don't know why the expansion is accelerating. For that
               | we have only speculation.
        
               | Recurecur wrote:
               | It's well understood that the expansion of the universe
               | is not "due to general relativity". General relativity
               | does explain some details of that expansion.
        
             | jfengel wrote:
             | You don't need to break the speed of light to get to the
             | stars. Time dilation and space contraction mean that you
             | can get there in as little time as you desire.
             | 
             | Everyone you knew on earth would be dead by the time you
             | got back, but if it's just about you, the speed of light is
             | no limitation at all. (The rocket equation, however,
             | presents stupendous engineering challenges.)
        
               | WJW wrote:
               | Time dilation and space contraction only matter if you
               | can reasonably achieve speeds of a significant portion of
               | the speed of light. AFAIK nobody has even come up with a
               | reasonable way to achieve this for lightweight probes,
               | let alone for hundred-ton ships capable of carrying
               | humans. And let's not forget the practical problems like
               | all photons incoming from the front being blueshifted
               | into ultrahard radiation that would make a point blank
               | nuclear bomb seem like a small candle.
               | 
               | Realistically even getting to the nearest star in less
               | than 400 years experienced time is way way WAY out of
               | reach for now.
        
               | Rodeoclash wrote:
               | Laser accelerate a lightweight probe, probe lands on
               | alien planet and self replicates a receiver and basic
               | robot body. Send mind in the form of information at speed
               | of light and download into robot body.
               | 
               | Something roughly along these lines was believable enough
               | for the Altered Carbon universe.
        
               | ThrowawayR2 wrote:
               | "lightweight probe" and "self replicates" don't go
               | together. Nanobots are just as much fantasy physics as
               | FTL is.
        
               | jfengel wrote:
               | Landing from relativistic speed would be a massive
               | engineering problem, since you won't have a laser de-
               | celerator on the other end. And landing on a planet would
               | seem to require a rocket, which cannot be lightweight.
               | 
               | Not necessarily insoluble, but a massive unsolved
               | problem.
        
               | WJW wrote:
               | So what? Dilithium + antimatter + magic space warping was
               | enough for the Star Trek universe. The sky is the limit
               | for science fiction.
               | 
               | Just in that first paragraph:
               | 
               | - How do you stop at the other end? There won't be a
               | large laser array at the receiving end and a laser probe
               | will not have enough stored energy to decelerate itself.
               | 
               | - How exactly do you download a mind to be transmitted?
               | We can't do it right now to be sure, and it's not clear
               | we could ever accurately do that depending on how finely
               | detailed a human brain is.
               | 
               | - How do you transmit it reliably over several hundred
               | light years? Background radiation alone is enough to
               | drown out any signal after a few dozen light years no
               | matter how good your transmission is. Also, when do you
               | start sending? You cannot possibly know which probes
               | survived. (you DID send out at least a few hundred probes
               | right? Don't forget to multiply laser energy requirements
               | by the amount of probes)
               | 
               | - How does the receiving end download a mind into a robot
               | body? We can't even begin to do that on Earth, not even
               | with worms or flies. Humans are right out.
               | 
               | - How do we power the lasers? Conservative estimates have
               | put required laser power at several gigawatts at least.
               | Current laser systems can do that in pulsed mode but only
               | with extremely low duty cycles. Getting enough power
               | together to supply millions of homes would be tricky to
               | say the least. (and see the note above about needing
               | multiple probes just to be on the good side of
               | probability)
               | 
               | - How does the probe survive decades of ultrahard
               | radiation? What about dust it will encounter at high-
               | subluminal speeds, also for decades? The shielding for
               | that won't be lightweight, but the heavier the probe gets
               | the more difficult it will be to accellerate.
               | 
               | - The satellite which is light enough to be powered by
               | lasers also contains the most magical 3d printer anyone
               | has ever seen. You can't just pull the molecules for
               | advanced processors and energy generation equipment out
               | of the air, such a probe would need to set up significant
               | mining industries all on its own without any human
               | interaction.
               | 
               | - A basic robot body. Keep in mind that "picking up a
               | keychain and choosing the right key out of it without
               | dropping the whole keychain" is already a challenge for
               | modern robots.
               | 
               | In short, it'll be several centuries before humanity even
               | gets close to such a project. I'd like to be wrong, but
               | it seems extremely unlikely anyone of us will see such a
               | thing in our lifetime.
        
           | pfdietz wrote:
           | > and any life present at the destination will not use the
           | same DNA coding for protein (if gene expression even works
           | that way).
           | 
           | Well, that could be worked around in the world building. My
           | favorite SF-friendly scenario would be if life originated in
           | the Sun's natal cluster (perhaps not around the Sun itself),
           | with tens of thousands of star systems, and spread between
           | them before the cluster dispersed. Presumably panspermia
           | would be much easier in such a situation because the stars
           | are closer together and because maybe residual gas could help
           | particles get trapped near other young systems. In this case
           | all the "infected" systems could have the same coding.
           | 
           | A nice consequence of this scenario is it's compatible with
           | the Fermi argument: even if origin of life is unlikely, it
           | just had to happen once here, and so it not happening
           | elsewhere in the galaxy (or even visible universe) is not a
           | problem.
        
           | bot403 wrote:
           | Not sure your point. It's fiction. Are we closer to finding
           | dragons, faeries, or magic?
           | 
           | Visiting remote planets is as unlikely as riding a dragon.
           | But both make for great stories.
        
             | dboreham wrote:
             | Presumably these are equally likely because you could build
             | a DNA-printer and thereby create a dragon of some sort (not
             | sure if it could have fully functional fire breathing
             | though)?
        
               | WJW wrote:
               | Dragons are physically impossible in many more ways than
               | the firebreathing. For one, things that large would
               | probably struggle to fly. We can make larger things fly,
               | but have to cheat using jet (or rocket!) engines to
               | generate incredible thrust in ways not typically
               | accessible to living beings.
        
               | boothby wrote:
               | And now I'm picturing a dragon with bombardier-beetle
               | style pulsed jet boosters. And while I'd typically
               | question your assumptions of how big dragons need to be
               | in order to deserve the name, I'll assert that
               | _quetzocoatlus nothropi_ [1] was big enough.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quetzalcoatlus
        
               | krapp wrote:
               | "Dragon" as a classification is odd, because when you
               | look at every kind of mythological creature that gets
               | classified as such nowadays, sometimes from cultures that
               | wouldn't have recognized the concept, you find that they
               | have little in common beyond some vaguely reptilian vibe
               | and being scary.
               | 
               | And I'm sorry but that _thing_ is too goofy looking to be
               | considered a dragon.
        
             | squeaky-clean wrote:
             | Science Fiction doesn't have to be fantasy, it can be
             | speculative. But if your setting or plot relies on
             | something we know to be scientifically untrue, and you
             | don't put some effort into explaining why it somehow works
             | in your setting, it's fantasy and not speculative.
             | 
             | Someone like Asimov never considered his books to be
             | fantasy and that he could just insert whatever he wanted
             | with no justification. In fact, he never considered sci-fi
             | to be a genre, he always argued it was a setting and that
             | his most famous stories were detective stories in a sci-fi
             | setting. But detective stories don't work if your world
             | isn't grounded in something real. Otherwise the reader
             | can't reasonably build their own theory or deduce the
             | answer because it's based on what the author thought was
             | cool and not what logically connects.
             | 
             | The appeal of something like The Expanse just falls apart
             | if you introduce a FTL engine just because it makes for a
             | more dramatic story moment somewhere in the plot unless
             | there is some serious justification as to why the author
             | didn't just break all the rules of their world (which is
             | supposed to be our world, but in the future).
        
               | Recurecur wrote:
               | FTL starships in an SF story don't need a detailed
               | explanation, just a new invention.
               | 
               | It's the exact same thing as a speculative story in the
               | 1920s discussing supersonic flight, even though the jet
               | engine hadn't been invented yet.
               | 
               | For instance "Tunnel in the Sky" bypassed the whole issue
               | in the 50's, later imitated by "Stargate"...
        
               | wolvoleo wrote:
               | True but at that point items travelling faster than sound
               | had been demonstrated.
               | 
               | It was just hard to engineer a plane that could do it.
               | For example during WWII the V2 rockets travelled much
               | faster than sound. They were just unmanned.
               | 
               | What I mean is, nobody thought the sound barrier was a
               | hard limit we could never break.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | These two examples are not equally unlikely. They are of
             | different orders of unlikelihood, the one is extremely
             | unlikely, the other simply impossible.
        
           | sandworm101 wrote:
           | There is a scene in Pirates of the Carribean where captain
           | jack is stuck in a void surrounded by duplicates of himself.
           | It is his hell. As we have biult better and better telescopes
           | we realize that as we expand into space we will be stuck
           | talking only to ourselves, at least for a few thousand
           | generations.
           | 
           | When they turned LIGO on i wanted to see warp drives whipping
           | around. But all we saw was distant black hole mergers;
           | interesting but not exactly a star trek moment. When areicebo
           | fell and was not immediately rebiult, i realized that most
           | people just dont care about ever meeting another
           | civilization. Even if we did find one it wouldnt change much
           | here on earth. Most people dont care about climate change.
           | They dont care about anything beyond their own lifetime. What
           | matter will aliens be if they are a thousand lightyears away?
           | So people dream now about other things, about grimy politics
           | and alternative history.
        
             | chasil wrote:
             | The Chinese built a much larger spherical telescope, so
             | what was the point of rebuilding Arecibo?
             | 
             | I visited Arecibo a decade before it collapsed. It was
             | impressive and of great historical value, but could repair
             | be cost-effective?
             | 
             | Edit: It did have some unique features.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five-hundred-
             | meter_Aperture_Sp...
        
               | wat10000 wrote:
               | Rebuilding it would cost maybe half a billion dollars.
               | Give ICE an unpaid week off and job done. Maybe not the
               | absolute best way to spend that money on science, but I
               | fear the actual outcome is "it's not cost effective so
               | we're not going to spend it on any science."
        
             | ricksunny wrote:
             | >When they turned LIGO on i wanted to see warp drives
             | whipping around. But all we saw was distant black hole
             | mergers; interesting but not exactly a star trek moment.
             | 
             | * The LIGO methodology is to look for hyper-specified
             | patterns in voluminous reams of apparent 'noise'. It
             | wouldn't be unfair to call it an extensively aggravated
             | search for what one is looking for. That's okay, so long as
             | they provide the stats to back up the non-noisiness of what
             | they turn up. (I'm not a stats person and can't debate
             | that, and. I trust their caliber enough that I don't feel
             | the need to). But to your point, if there are other
             | signatures lurking in LIGO data _that they don't know
             | already how to look for_, then there is no reason why a
             | paper would have gotten produced describing it since the
             | first GW detection in 2015.
             | 
             | * Now, take this for what it's worth in terms of
             | fragmentary information relaying - But at the first Sol
             | Symposium in 2023 at Stanford, I can tell you that in
             | podium-level banter between talks (perhaps it was Q&A and
             | the like IIRC) it was asserted that the LIGO consortium was
             | not allowing studies (read: not allowing access to its
             | data) where the investigator's intension was related to UFO
             | / UAP phenomena (like, extrapolating here, looking for
             | signatures correlated with external reports of UAP
             | sightings). If that claim was borne out, than perhaps the
             | LIGO consortium is just doing preemptive reputation
             | protection in not allowing such studies to kick off with
             | its name associated with it. (One could attempt to follow
             | up with astronomer Beatriz Villaroel for a lead on who said
             | that or if there's substance to that research policy claim)
             | 
             | But my point is, between these two bullet points, you are
             | afforded a complete 'empty set' - and decidedly not a
             | 'negative result' - on whether or not LIGO has detected
             | signatures of a 'warp drive' or other some such non-prosaic
             | phenomenon.
        
           | HoldOnAMinute wrote:
           | That's true, but stop to consider all the things we ARE
           | doing...
           | 
           | * Space Station that lasts 25 years
           | 
           | * 3,000 satellites providing Internet Service
           | 
           | * Mars rovers that run for 10+ years
           | 
           | * Flying helicopters on Mars
        
           | davedx wrote:
           | > the vast distances to other habitable planets would mean
           | tens of thousands of years of travel even with the most
           | efficient technology.
           | 
           | Spoken like someone who's never read Tau Zero
        
             | 0xf00ff00f wrote:
             | Stephen Baxter's short story "Pilot" is another good one:
             | 
             | https://www.stephen-baxter.com/stories.html#pilot
        
             | antonvs wrote:
             | Spoken like someone who's never read the Relativistic
             | Rocket: https://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Relativity/S
             | R/Rocket/...
             | 
             | I really find it hard to understand how people confuse
             | science fiction with reality. I love Tau Zero - I first
             | read it over 40 years ago - but it's _fiction_ , ffs.
        
           | MagicMoonlight wrote:
           | You don't need to go faster than light. Once you approach
           | anywhere near the speed of light, time slows down so much
           | that journey time becomes irrelevant.
        
             | wolvoleo wrote:
             | Not if you want to go back home to the place you once knew
             | though
        
             | nine_k wrote:
             | Interstellar space contains neutral hydrogen atoms. Hitting
             | a spaceship, they would produce electromagnetic radiation.
             | When the collision speed goes past about 0.25c, the
             | radiation becomes hard gamma rays which are dangerous to
             | living things, and cannot be efficiently shielded against.
             | 
             | At this speed, the time dilation is slightly above 3%, so
             | you're still not going to reach even Alpha Centauri in one
             | human lifetime, or maybe you barely can.
        
               | gpm wrote:
               | Alpha Centauri is only 4.2 light years away. 0.25c is
               | definitely enough to reach it. You could even do a round
               | trip in only your adult years.
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | And yet we still have a solar system, empty of life other
           | than Earth, we can expand to. Why try to cross an ocean when
           | everything we could want is across the river?
           | 
           | Two things baffle me:
           | 
           | 1. The idea that Terran life is toxic and must not be allowed
           | on other planets in the solar system.
           | 
           | 2. The one person who is advancing our space faring abilities
           | by leaps and bounds is routinely vilified and excoriated on
           | HackerNews.
        
             | xixixao wrote:
             | 2. I'm a big fan of the guy, except he went completely off
             | the rails on political stuff... It's hard that both can be
             | true at the same time.
        
               | nephihaha wrote:
               | There are a lot of ethical issues surrounding Neuralink
               | and how it would be used. It might be good for certain
               | medical stuff but I can see how it can be abused.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | > There are a lot of ethical issues surrounding Neuralink
               | and how it would be used
               | 
               | Like what? (There are always ethical issues with new
               | medical technology.)
               | 
               | > It might be good for certain medical stuff
               | 
               | Yes, like giving sight to the blind! What a _monster_
               | Musk is!
               | 
               | P.S. two of my largest medical fears are becoming
               | paralyzed or going blind. Neuralink has promise in making
               | these treatable. I'm all for it!
        
             | krapp wrote:
             | >Why try to cross an ocean when everything we could want is
             | across the river?
             | 
             | That "river" is still vast and nothing we want is on the
             | other side.
             | 
             | >1. The idea that Terran life is toxic and must not be
             | allowed on other planets in the solar system.
             | 
             | It's less the idea that Terran life is toxic and more that
             | we're still hoping to find some forms of primitive life
             | elsewhere in the solar system, and don't want those efforts
             | thwarted by cross-contamination. _You_ decided the rest of
             | the solar system is dead, not the scientific community.
             | 
             | >2. The one person who is advancing our space faring
             | abilities by leaps and bounds is routinely vilified and
             | excoriated on HackerNews.
             | 
             | If you really can't comprehend the reason why Elon Musk is
             | villified by people then there's no point in trying to
             | explain it to you.
             | 
             | Suffice to say that owning a rocket company doesn't absolve
             | a person of their sins to everyone, even on Hacker News.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | > nothing we want is on the other side
               | 
               | Wow.
               | 
               | > You decided the rest of the solar system is dead, not
               | the scientific community.
               | 
               | The odds are heavily stacked against other life existing,
               | and get worse with every probe. Of course, nobody can
               | prove there is no other life. And it's not very credible
               | that Terran life will out-compete locally evolved life.
               | 
               | And the idea that preserving some slime mold on Pluto
               | justifies us constraining ourselves to Earth is just sad.
               | 
               | > If you really can't comprehend the reason why Elon Musk
               | is villified by people then there's no point in trying to
               | explain it to you.
               | 
               | I once asked another Musk-hater on HN why? All he could
               | come up with is Musk called a diver a pedo-boy. I pointed
               | out that Musk only did that because the diver went on
               | national TV and told Musk to shove his submarine up his
               | backside.
               | 
               | If you've got a better reason, I'd love to hear it!
        
             | nephihaha wrote:
             | 1) There may well be other biospheres in the solar system.
             | There is some indirect and inconclusive evidence of
             | microbial life on Mars, and even in the Venusian
             | atmosphere. This dates back to results from the Viking and
             | Venera, as well as more recent research. Earth life could
             | be destructive to native life in these places, and vice
             | versa (since they would likely be extremophiles) resulting
             | in invasive species.
             | 
             | 2) Musk is putting a lot of money into these things but he
             | is still heavily subsidised by US government money and
             | facilities (a loophole in the Outer Space Treaty allows
             | individuals and corporations to claim other planets but not
             | countries.)
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | > There is some indirect and inconclusive evidence of
               | microbial life on Mars, and even in the Venusian
               | atmosphere. This dates back to results from the Viking
               | and Venera, as well as more recent research.
               | 
               | Yes, I've been hearing that forever. Every probe shrinks
               | the envelope on the possibility.
               | 
               | > Earth life could be destructive to native life in these
               | places,
               | 
               | Better us than slime mold.
               | 
               | > and vice versa (since they would likely be
               | extremophiles) resulting in invasive species.
               | 
               | Perhaps. If anyone was transporting things back from
               | there, there'd be a long space voyage where any such
               | toxicity to the astronauts would be pretty clear.
               | 
               | 2. Musk is not getting subsidies. He does get government
               | contracts, where he exchanges rockets for money. That is
               | not a subsidy, like if I make boxes and sell them to the
               | government I am not getting a subsidy.
        
               | givinguflac wrote:
               | 2. How do you define loans, tax credits and other
               | subsidies then? You claim it's this person specifically
               | advancing space faring capabilities- which literally
               | would not be possible without the US government. So
               | please elaborate, as you're not making sense.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | 1. A loan is not a subsidy. Loans get paid back with
               | interest.
               | 
               | 2. Tax credits - the tax code is full of various credits.
               | Anyone can use those credits.
               | 
               | 3. Other subsidies - like what?
               | 
               | > which literally would not be possible without the US
               | government
               | 
               | The US government buying launches at prices far cheaper
               | than NASA is not a subsidy.
        
           | nephihaha wrote:
           | I believe we already have the resources to colonise the Moon
           | and maybe Mars right now. There would have to be considerable
           | R&D, and willpower, and it would be very expensive but I
           | think it is within our powers. Humans would have to live
           | underground and deal with dust, maybe microbes in the case of
           | Mars, but we could do it. The spaceships to go to Mars would
           | have to be big but they could more easily be built on the
           | Moon due to the lower gravity.
        
         | pfdietz wrote:
         | Stated with a different spin, the detached-from-reality takes
         | of Campbell-era SF finally became too strained to enjoy.
        
         | flohofwoe wrote:
         | I don't know, to the East of the Iron Curtain science fiction
         | wasn't mostly about future optimism (at least after the initial
         | "we're building a better society" optimism had been brutally
         | murdered during the 1950s and 60s), but often a critical mirror
         | of then-current society transported into the future to escape
         | state censorship.
         | 
         | Maybe it's as simple as free societies not having the
         | evolutionary pressure to produce great literature that requires
         | an interested and intelligent reader to decode the hidden
         | messages written between the lines ;)
        
           | nephihaha wrote:
           | There are some brilliant SF writers from the eastern bloc.
           | They had to write to get around censorship and the official
           | line. Stanislaw Lem is great.
        
         | HPsquared wrote:
         | Why did people want to escape Earth though? Maybe they felt
         | Earth was past saving.
        
           | DennisP wrote:
           | A lot of the old stuff isn't so much about escaping Earth, as
           | outgrowing it. A feeling that it's our destiny to expand to
           | the stars, just as it was life's destiny to come out of the
           | oceans.
           | 
           | The more we look for alien civilizations and come up empty,
           | the more I feel like they were on to something. For all we
           | know, life is exceedingly rare in the universe.
        
         | mlinhares wrote:
         | I kinda have the same feeling for music as well, the best
         | phases for metal and punk music are usually when stuff is going
         | to shit. When everything looks bright and good the music just
         | doesn't have the same quality, people are not angry all the
         | time.
        
           | ninalanyon wrote:
           | > best phases for metal and punk music are usually when stuff
           | is going to shit.
           | 
           | Now should be a productive time for music in the US then, and
           | possibly elsewhere if things continue on the same trajectory.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | I think I would argue that we already see the sea change in the
         | later Dune books
         | 
         | The inner systems become hidebound as they continue to reach
         | out they find that not only has someone beaten them there, they
         | have become Other as well as antagonistic and expansionist.
        
       | PaulHoule wrote:
       | Anime went from science-fiction dominated in the 1980s ( _Gundam_
       | ) to fantasy-dominated ( _Friern_ ) today. The strange thing
       | about fantasy was it lived under the shadow of Tolkien and Lewis
       | which I think suppressed it for half a century.
        
       | doctorhandshake wrote:
       | My theory about this aligns with my theory about the
       | disappearance of 'futurists' from the popular conversation -
       | we're living in science fiction. The future is arriving every
       | day. It no longer feels necessary to speculate about a changed
       | world - you need only look out the door.
       | 
       | I say this as someone that still loves (and writes a little)
       | speculative fiction. Just a guess as to what's happening.
        
         | eesmith wrote:
         | The 20th century was a period of wild change. Someone born
         | before the first powered airplane flight in their lifetime
         | could have flown on a jet plane to Europe and watched the first
         | moon landing live on TV.
         | 
         | Vaccines put an end to endemic diseases which killed so many
         | children every year. The birth control pill catalyzed the
         | sexual revolution. We had a treatment for diabetes, which was
         | once a death sentence.
         | 
         | The 1950s and onward saw huge changes in how businesses are
         | organized due to computerization. In the US, cheap automobiles,
         | cheap gas, the federal highway system, and subsidies
         | transformed how most people live, including white flight into
         | suburbia.
         | 
         | Plastic was a wonder material. Materials like nylon and
         | polyester transformed the clothing industry.
        
         | esafak wrote:
         | Futurist Michio Kaku once gave a talk at my company five years
         | ago and though I forgot the details, I remember the audience
         | found his vision quite dystopian.
        
         | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
         | 9/11 was the turning point. We'd been fed a future "in the year
         | 2000." When we got there, that future turned into a nostalgic
         | vision of the past.
         | 
         | It's still possible to imagine _new_ bright futures, but that
         | kind of imagination is very much against a cultural tide that
         | 's fervently regressive and nostalgic.
        
       | weregiraffe wrote:
       | Where did all the starships go,
       | 
       | Long time passing...
        
       | NoboruWataya wrote:
       | The sci-fi keywords are all specifically space-related. I wonder
       | if the trend is space-specific or if other sci-fi topics suffered
       | the same fate (like robots, computers, technology, etc). It does
       | seem to me like society generally became less interested in space
       | exploration after the moon landing (though I wasn't around then
       | so that is really just what I gather from watching/reading things
       | about western society in the latter half of the 20th century).
       | 
       | On the other hand, fantasy includes vampires and werewolves. I
       | guess you could call them fantasy but to me they are quite a
       | different niche to Tolkien. Traditionally vampires and werewolves
       | would probably be considered horror rather than fantasy, though
       | it's a bit more complicated now as _Twilight_ is clearly not
       | horror.
       | 
       | I think the author's point stands regardless, as there has been a
       | resurgence across all of those keywords, but I do think the
       | reasons for the resurgence in magic and dragons aren't
       | necessarily the same as the reasons for the resurgence in
       | vampires and werewolves.
        
         | masklinn wrote:
         | > The sci-fi keywords are all specifically space-related.
         | 
         | Worse, half are confined to the solar system.
        
       | Freak_NL wrote:
       | That Berlin bookstore (Otherland) also has great staff for
       | recommendations. The resident scifi attendant was quite
       | knowledgeable about original scifi written in German (as opposed
       | to translated works). That's quite useful if your knowledge of
       | the field is limited to the obvious Andreas Esbach (unsurpassed)
       | and Perry Rodan (pass).
        
         | pfdietz wrote:
         | I enjoyed The Carpet Makers (which is available in English.)
         | Sometimes translated works rub the wrong way because of
         | cultural differences, but in that one the differences enhanced
         | the experience.
        
       | jmclnx wrote:
       | I have been seeing the trend of Fantasy slowly taking over SF for
       | a while, maybe as long as 30 years :(
       | 
       | Real Science based SF seems to have disappeared completely, at
       | least based upon the only Book Store left in my area, Barnes and
       | Noble.
        
         | flohofwoe wrote:
         | > Barnes and Noble
         | 
         | ...this might be the main problem (same with Thalia in
         | Germany), those large book store chains are aggressively
         | optimized for monetization, and that kicks off a death spiral
         | of filling the available space with cheap industrially produced
         | trash.
         | 
         | The good stuff might still be there, but it's much harder to
         | find, and you need to know where to look (same thing that
         | happened to music basically).
        
           | Ekaros wrote:
           | Not to forget being linked to main-stream publishers that
           | have different editorial goals compared to era when these
           | works were released. Not saying there were not biases back
           | then. But now the biases are different and thus the published
           | output is as well.
        
             | pfdietz wrote:
             | There was also the "death of the mid-list" which cut out a
             | lot of SF books. The Thor Power Tool decision in the US had
             | a big effect.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Power_Tool_Co._v._Commis
             | s...
             | 
             | "The Thor decision caused publishers and booksellers to be
             | much quicker to destroy stocks of poorly-selling books in
             | order to realize a taxable loss. These books would
             | previously have been kept in stock but written down to
             | reflect the fact that not all of them were expected to
             | sell."
             | 
             | Today, I understand mass market paperbacks are dying.
        
       | pfdietz wrote:
       | A great deal of science fiction is just fantasy with spaceships.
       | It uses technological tropes to _seem_ like it isn 't fantasy,
       | but that's just surface gloss.
        
         | flohofwoe wrote:
         | Which is unfortunately true, but also just illustrates how far
         | science-fiction has fallen - not sure when it started but I
         | guess Star Wars played an important role to remove the
         | 'science' from 'science-fiction'.
        
           | pfdietz wrote:
           | It's been there since day one. What, you thought early era SF
           | used accurate science? No, they used made-up rules based on
           | whether they could tell a good story.
           | 
           | Science fiction usually doesn't conform to how the world
           | actually works in the same way pornography usually doesn't
           | conform to the way sexual relationships work. They are both
           | there to tell titillating stories, not describe reality.
        
             | krapp wrote:
             | For instance: Isaac Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics aren't
             | based on any practical science, they exist as a plot device
             | for setting off mystery stories with robots and morality
             | plays about hubris. And the reason robots have positronic
             | brains is that positrons were recently discovered at the
             | time, and it sounded cool. Yet people will swear Asimov is
             | one of the hardest SF authors around.
             | 
             | Sometimes you might get a SF author who's an expert in a
             | particular field or has a specific hyperfixation, and that
             | one aspect of their stories might be grounded somewhat in
             | plausibility, but _everything else_ turns out to be
             | complete nonsense.
        
             | flohofwoe wrote:
             | > What, you thought early era SF used accurate science?
             | 
             | It depends on the author I guess. Stanislaw Lem for
             | instance mostly separated his "silly-fiction universes"
             | (e.g. the Ijon Tichy and 'robot fairytales' novels) from
             | his "hard sci-fi" universes (for instance the Pilot Pirx
             | novels) - and there it was mostly about the restrictions of
             | space travel (where space travel is usually just plain old
             | cargo hauling), Pirx never left the solar system because it
             | simply wasn't possible during his lifetime (part of him
             | eventually _did_ - maybe - in his last book  'Fiasco'),
             | instead the Pirx novels were mostly occupied with typical
             | 'space trucker' problems like oil leaks on his rocket
             | boosters, wrestling with space harbour bureaucracy or the
             | occasional humanoid robot going into a mode that could be
             | described as 'mad' or 'depressed'.
        
           | datsci_est_2015 wrote:
           | I believe people use the word "hard" to differentiate more
           | scientifically rigorous scifi. I'm not well-versed enough to
           | know when that started being a term, or what the status quo
           | was before it was a term.
           | 
           | Interestingly there's also "high" fantasy to differentiate
           | between earth like and non earth like subject worlds, and
           | then even "historical fiction" to describe books that try to
           | be faithful to some degree to some historical time period on
           | earth.
           | 
           | Anyway, this is all to say maybe "how far science-fiction has
           | fallen" might be a narrow interpretation of what's been
           | happening to fiction in general over the past 75 years. More
           | options than ever, maybe...
        
           | watwut wrote:
           | I suggest you rewatch star trek. Plot and complexity wise,
           | they are basically childrend stories plus technobable.
        
         | chmod775 wrote:
         | Really though? Seems to me that the only sub-genre of space
         | science fiction that is surviving relative to others is hard
         | space science fiction. There's an abundance of high quality
         | titles to choose from even (compared to the previous
         | millennium).
         | 
         | Edit: Highlights include Leviathan Wakes/The Expanse, The
         | Three-Body Problem, Children of Time, Pushing Ice (and other
         | titles by Alastair Reynolds), Interstellar (debatable, but it's
         | good), Project Hail Mary, For All Mankind, and many more.
        
           | colinb wrote:
           | Recommendations?
        
             | chmod775 wrote:
             | For literature: House of Suns* if you feel like strapping
             | in for a wild ride with nevertheless believable physics.
             | Leviathan Wakes/The Expanse if you're looking for a more
             | "down to Earth" setting. Children of Time if you want an
             | alien experience. Avoid reading summaries of any of these
             | books beforehand. They're best enjoyed going in blind.
             | 
             | I've heard "The Expanse" and "For All Mankind" are supposed
             | to be good TV shows, but I haven't seen them yet.
             | 
             | If you've already read most of the well-known ones, I could
             | give you some recommendations from less well-known authors
             | and self-published authors you probably haven't heard of
             | yet. Though it would help to have some general direction of
             | what you're looking for (military/space opera/other,
             | ftl/aliens?, etc). Allowing for limited FTL handwavyness
             | opens up a lot of space opera titles that elect to
             | otherwise play by hard sci-fi rules.
             | 
             | * Some may recommend "Pushing Ice" over this one for being
             | more "hard" sci-fi, but personally House of Suns was a much
             | more satisfying read.
        
               | colinb wrote:
               | Alas I think I've read/watched everything on your list.
               | I'll try a useful echo response. I read the two big
               | Arkady Martine books, and much of Ann Leckie's work. I
               | thought they were all pretty good. Martine because the
               | Aztec's in space genre is new to me, and she writes so
               | well about people, Leckie because her galaxy spanning
               | empire of genetically cloned god-kings and spaceships
               | with transferrable personalities is clever and
               | disconcerting.
        
         | HPsquared wrote:
         | Technology sufficiently advanced is indistinguishable from
         | magic, after all.
        
       | fpsvogel wrote:
       | Fantasy appeals to a wider audience (see the "Romantasy" genre)
       | and seems to overlap more with YA fiction so captures more young
       | readers.
        
         | Animats wrote:
         | Yes. What's popular with teens varies over time, of course. At
         | peak Twilight, the Barnes and Noble at Hillsdale Mall had seven
         | bookcases of Teen Paranormal Romance. I mentioned this to one
         | of the store Goths, and she told me that vampires were on the
         | way out and the next thing was probably going to be zombies.
         | The Monster Hunter thing had a brief moment.
         | 
         | Then we had the survival period - Harry Potter overlapped the
         | Hunger Games and Divergent eras, all of which produced too many
         | spinoffs. This moved into the Game of Thrones spinoffs. Now,
         | dragons seem to be out, except that Anne McCaffery is back on
         | the shelves.
         | 
         | The latest shift is driven by "booktok" on TikTok. I just saw
         | teenage girls giggling over the new books in the Romance
         | section, while avoiding the YA section. The Dark Romance
         | subgenre is in, and now has its own shelf space.
         | 
         | Hard SF? Other than the Expanse series, not much recently.
        
       | xtiansimon wrote:
       | That was fun.
       | 
       | I recall an early editorial of the podcast Escaped Pod describing
       | science fiction as a means to more directly engage with topics of
       | the human condition by using the conceits of science fiction.
       | _Have a difficult time discussing your relationship with your
       | parents? Write a story about orphans raised by space aliens._
       | That sort of thing.
       | 
       | Maybe something is going on with our human condition that science
       | fiction is not as productive a foil as it once was?
       | 
       | I don't know. I'm not a fiction writer. But I can say that since
       | I bought my second motorcycle (back on a moto after 20 years
       | away) I am enjoying spaceships in my science fiction.
        
       | hdivider wrote:
       | Wait till the Chinese land on the Moon first in this new space
       | race. There will be a Sputnik moment, massive additional
       | investment, and this will inevitably impact sci-fi. Just like in
       | the previous space race, we had to fall quite a bit behind first
       | before we wake up -- and _then_ , we go all-out.
       | 
       | I also don't agree with the general dystopian or cynical view
       | quite prevalent here on HN these days, frankly. It's always been
       | so, but it seems to have gotten darker, such that I think a lot
       | of old-timers like me pretty much avoid HN these days. It's not
       | all bleak, especially when you get away from these screens and
       | out into the real world. Looking outward, rather than inward, can
       | lead to the kind of desire for discovery and progress which
       | underpinned the Apollo era. The world out there is in extreme
       | disarray too -- but to an optimist, it presents opportunity to do
       | good.
        
       | HPsquared wrote:
       | Space Age, mid-50s to mid-70s.
        
       | metalman wrote:
       | Texas.
        
       | HPsquared wrote:
       | The succession is steampunk, dieselpunk (which includes art deco,
       | internal combustion), then atompunk (which includes atomic
       | energy, apocalyptic possibilities, space, sci-fi, martians etc),
       | then I dunno, regular punk (age of mass single-stream media),
       | then our current era of cyberpunk.
        
       | gostsamo wrote:
       | Scifi as a space based genre failed due to the end of the space
       | race. The generation that grew in the post WWII era aged and
       | died. The lack of big scientific breakthroughs for the last fifty
       | years added to the lack of new dreams. The future is here, just
       | it's not exciting.
       | 
       | For the last few decades the culturally significant fiction has
       | been in anime and manga. Lots of it is trash, but lots of it
       | captures the ya themes of friendship and adventure. Some of it
       | captured better the ideas of the cyber age, I suppose. If one
       | explores those genres with a bit of background, you can see how
       | they have been inspired by the traditional sf works, but
       | repackaged them for new audiences without the introspection and
       | conventions of yesterday.
       | 
       | I'm not sure if it is all bad. Definitely, science is not an
       | aspiration any more and those works lack the grounding hard scifi
       | taught us. On the other hand, there is still romanticism in those
       | stories and they teach kids to dream for the impossible. I choose
       | to believe that this is still something to base some optimism on.
        
       | Dove wrote:
       | In the 1950s, and perhaps to some degree in the 1990s, it seemed
       | possible to believe technology was limitless and miraculous and
       | conducive to human thriving. As a result, breathlessly hopeful
       | and exciting stories about the wonders of the future made sense.
       | 
       | It is hard to feel that way in the 2020s. Technology seems
       | oversold, scammish, dystopian, inhuman. Everything is slop and
       | skinner boxes. It impoverishes rather than enriches, and it seems
       | to be getting worse. It is easy to feel that the Amish, nay
       | perhaps even the medievals, have a point.
       | 
       | Worse, the science fiction oriented around starships took its
       | cues from our experience of the naval - journeys of days or weeks
       | would take you to alien places teeming with new and interesting
       | and enriching life. Foods you couldn't eat anywhere else. People
       | you couldn't meet at home. But now the globe seems smaller,
       | explored, and conquered. Those faraway goods are easily shipped
       | to your door, and those faraway people show up in your comments
       | section and they're just people. The excitement of the seas is no
       | longer such a part of our outlook that reskinning it in fantasy
       | speaks to us.
       | 
       | Not only is the excitement of the seas greatly diminished, the
       | more we have learned about the universe, the worse the naval
       | analogy seems. The distant stars no longer seem like tropical
       | islands, but rather hopelessly distant and inhospitable. In 1958,
       | Heinlein wrote a wonderful short story about scout troops in the
       | verdant jungles of Venus back when that was a reasonable
       | expectation[1], but it seems like a silly thing to write now.
       | https://xkcd.com/2202/ seems to capture the current expectation
       | well.
       | 
       | Several decades ago it was easy to get excited about the march of
       | scientific discovery and technological progress. But now we're
       | asking why science seems to have slowed down so much, and new
       | technology seems about as exciting as new mechanisms for
       | dependence and dystopia.
       | 
       | Atheism is weakening and religion is rising.
       | 
       | The imagined global society of the UN that was reimagined at a
       | larger scale as The Federation may have seemed like the way of
       | the future for a few decades, but now that dream looks foolish
       | and the globe is visibly fracturing.
       | 
       | The classic science fiction trope that progress will better us as
       | people, that leisure will lead to fitness, that access to
       | information will make us wise scholars, that we will use the
       | convenience of machines to free ourselves for the pursuit of
       | virtue... it makes for an inspiring story. I had my suspicions
       | about how true all of that was back _before_ the internet. I am
       | now very sure that Wall-E and Idiocracy are nearer to the mark.
       | 
       | The human-like AIs of Star Wars' robots or Star Trek's androids
       | or innumerable superintelligent computers from Asimov to Heinlein
       | seem further away every year. AI is part of everyday life now,
       | and our major concern is how to keep it from catastrophically
       | failing at mundane research, not whether it should have voting
       | rights or makes humans obsolete. Ambulatory human-like AI seems
       | unlikely when data centers the size of small cities struggle with
       | emdashes. The hope and promise of a generation of robot children
       | and citizens seems as misguided as the forests of Venus.
       | 
       | I could go on. We GOT a lot of the wonders science fiction
       | predicted, or things so much more powerful that our most
       | audacious futurists didn't dare to imagine them. And yet it
       | doesn't feel like the promised land. Science fiction promised
       | instant video conferences across the globe, but when we got it,
       | it didn't look like all the world's best researchers
       | collaborating on its hardest problems. It looked like all of the
       | miscreants with their dick pics and the dreary business meetings
       | and school lessons suddenly having access to your home. I don't
       | mean to imply it's all bad, but the difference between
       | imagination and reality has been stark on many fronts.
       | 
       | I really think the truth is that in a thousand ways, the tropes
       | of the genre no longer speak to the moment.
       | 
       | [1] https://writingatlas.com/story/3984/robert-a-heinlein-a-
       | tend...
        
       | deadbabe wrote:
       | People didn't travel as much back in those days. Visiting a
       | foreign country or too might as well be like a trip to the moon.
       | 
       | But now, we basically live in the climax of the jet age, we can
       | be anywhere in the world within 24 hours. And there's so much of
       | the world to see and stories to discover, not really worth the
       | bother to imagine space travel to far off distant empty worlds,
       | which will inevitably be used to further extend capitalism and
       | just live the same lives we live here on Earth, just on a
       | different world. The lack of any other interesting
       | extraterrestrial civilizations to interact with makes it all
       | pretty pointless. Going very far into space is mostly for
       | exploration as a sport, like cave diving or something.
        
       | buildsjets wrote:
       | It turned out that the aliens live in inner space, not outer
       | space.
        
       | giorgioz wrote:
       | Some new sci-fi books among the stars:
       | 
       | We are Bob Red rising Murderbot
        
         | RustyRussell wrote:
         | You're writing this from a dystopian future where punctuation
         | is banned? :)
         | 
         | For those like me who still require parsing assistance :
         | 
         | - We are Bob
         | 
         | - Red Rising
         | 
         | - Murderbot
        
       | ralfd wrote:
       | Because most men stopped reading and most women don't care much
       | about sci-fi .
       | 
       | https://archive.is/I1QyW
       | 
       | > Beyond the bookstore, much of the architecture of book
       | discovery is informally targeted at women. Celebrity book clubs
       | are mostly led by female celebrities and increasingly court women
       | of all ages, from those who are fans of Oprah Winfrey and Reese
       | Witherspoon to those who are more interested in the tastes of Dua
       | Lipa and Kaia Gerber... #BookTok, the vast community on TikTok
       | that has become a best-seller machine, is largely populated by
       | women recommending books by other women, like Colleen Hoover's
       | "It Ends With Us."
       | 
       | In a sense this is just a regression to mean, normality, because
       | the literary boys club of the 20th century was the exception:
       | 
       | > In the 19th century, the most popular novels were written by
       | women for a female audience. Their output was considered "paltry
       | entertainment,"
        
         | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
         | Reading has become a strongly gendered lifestyle and supposed
         | status marker.
         | 
         | Most of the books are indeed paltry entertainment - soapy and
         | saccharine romances, formulaically transgressive erotica,
         | fantasies about unlimited witchy powers, and perfect book
         | boyfriends - but it's still a huge market.
         | 
         | Men moved to video games and chan culture. Which are a
         | different kind of paltry entertainment.
         | 
         | It's curious how there was a shift from male dominated niches,
         | like Lovecraftian fantasy and heroic fantasy, through the
         | imperial sci-fi peak in the 50s to 70s, through the Hollywood-
         | influenced 80s, then into slow decline from the 90s onwards.
         | 
         | With a few exceptions, a bold imagination became more of a
         | liability than an asset.
         | 
         | This is a culture which has no idea where it's going and would
         | prefer not to get there.
        
         | Evenjos wrote:
         | Yeah. As a sci-fi author, I have strong opinions about this.
         | Made an authortube video on the topic:
         | https://youtu.be/THVpdcgTYrQ
         | 
         | But tl;dr: Gatekeepers in big/mainstream publishing have
         | outsourced their slush-piles to underpaid interns, most of whom
         | are young and ambitious women. They tend to like certain
         | things. Also, big/mainstream publishing is chasing data trends,
         | like all other big businesses, which leads to a staleness cycle
         | where they only publish what worked in the last two years.
         | They're afraid to take financial gambles on unproven ideas or
         | new IP.
         | 
         | The good sci-fi these days is mostly indie and mostly
         | underground, IMO. You really have to dig for it. Personally, I
         | find good stuff via Reddit r/powerprogression, but even there,
         | you may have to dig to find gems that speak to you.
         | 
         | I joke that I'm a male author and reader, even though I'm
         | female. The first book of my epic series (which is fully
         | published) is Majority: Torth Book 1.
        
       | LanceH wrote:
       | I'm of the opinion that the teen novel has stunted literature in
       | general.
       | 
       | As a kid beginning to read in the 70's I jumped from what were
       | clearly kids books to Lord of the Rings (pure chance -- I liked
       | the cover). There wasn't that watered down in between. It was a
       | jump to real books with real consequences (spoilers: Boromir
       | dies).
       | 
       | I've witnessed the rise of the teen section and seen how kids --
       | who are reading less in general -- never leave it.
       | 
       | It feels like the fantasy adventure lends itself a lot more to
       | these teen novels and has a knock on effect into the mainstream.
       | I for one could do without anther book about someone born to be a
       | prince(ss) up against the evil realm who can't choose their way
       | out of their romantic triangle.
       | 
       | I'm not knocking anyone's choices. There are more books already
       | than I'll ever read. But it should would be a blast to get
       | another Dune out of nowhere.
        
         | cosmic_cheese wrote:
         | I would posit that the issue lies not with YA novels or fantasy
         | in general, but with the continuously declining sense of
         | agency, opportunity, and self-realization among teens and
         | adults. There are deep-seated needs that reality can
         | increasingly no longer meet, which results in rising dependency
         | on simplistic escapism.
        
         | watwut wrote:
         | I remeber reading tons of junk and pulp as a teen decades ago.
         | If anything, the teen section is more complex then pure hero
         | fantasies and repetitive scary stories that used to make the
         | bulk of reading. Yes, lord of the rings was popular before and
         | now. But the stuff people read en masse was not lord of the
         | rings and certainly not some kind of smart complex stuff.
         | 
         | What used to be read a lot was literary equivalent of a sitcom
         | or slash fantasy.
        
       | johngossman wrote:
       | I speculate that a lot of sci-fi reflects the cutting edge of
       | science and technology at the time it is written. For well over a
       | century a lot of that frontier was transportation: and we got
       | "Around the World in 80 Days" and "20000 Leagues under the Sea"
       | and then a lot of books about space. We also got "Canticle for
       | Leibowitz" and other post-apocalyptic books out of the age when
       | nuclear weapons and energy was top of mind. Then, in the 70s and
       | 80s computer technology became the center of innovation and we
       | got cyberpunk and a lot of sci-fi turned inward to virtual worlds
       | and the like. Given we're in a new space age, maybe sci-fi will
       | start to follow? I'm certainly seeing a new wave of AI centric
       | fiction.
        
       | bowsamic wrote:
       | No one thinks the future is in space anymore. We realised that
       | there's a lot wrong with us culturally and spiritually
        
       | qwertyuiop_ wrote:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SeaQuest_DSV
       | 
       |  _Set in "the near future" (the year 2018 in the first season),
       | seaQuest DSV originally mixed high drama with realistic
       | scientific fiction._
        
       | dmix wrote:
       | I figure with Andy Weirs movies getting so big that there'd be an
       | increase in scifi readship after the new movie comes out.
        
       | eschneider wrote:
       | They didn't go anywhere. Lots of excellent starship/space opera
       | novels out there with more coming out each year. There's just
       | lots there stuff too. :)
        
       | jmyeet wrote:
       | The popularity of a genre is deeply tied to the historical
       | context of what's going on in the real world. In the 1950s and
       | 1960s you obviously had the Space Race, which itself was a
       | product of the Cold War. Some commments view this as _optimism_.
       | I disagree. I view it as an expression of _patriotism_.
       | 
       | I view this patriotism as a crutch in uncertain times. Another
       | example of this is the rise of the superhero genre in the 21st
       | century. Marven was skirting with bankruptcy in the 1990s. A
       | perpetual Spiderman license was sold for a fraction of what it
       | would today. And I think it's no coincidence that the superhero
       | genre ascended post-9/11.
       | 
       | I used to read a lot of fantasy but many years ago I pretty much
       | switched almost entirely to sci-fi. For me the reason was because
       | sci-fi asked questions. I mean there's also space opera and it
       | scratches the same itch as fantasy (IMNHO) but my personal
       | interest in sci-fi is more in the "what if" category.
       | 
       | That's a very broad category that goes all the way from, say, the
       | Iain M. Banks _Culture_ series, which really poses the question
       | of what an ultra-high tech post-scarcity civilization looks like
       | to something like _The Handmaid 's Tale_ (yes, that's sci-fi).
       | We've also had some superb sci-fi on the screen in recent years
       | like _Severance_ , _Silo_ and _The Expanse_.
       | 
       | For me, fantasy is a far more limited genre. Like I'm trying to
       | read Brandon Sanderson recently and while he's a good writer,
       | it's just not hooking me yet in the same way that, say,
       | _Revelation Space_ did. I think the last fantasy series to really
       | hook me was _A Song of Ice and Fire_. The first three books are
       | some of the finest books ever written.
       | 
       | But as for the decline of starships, I think that the readership
       | has evolved too. More vintage sci-fi simply projected the era of
       | exploration and colonization onto space and it's become pretty
       | clear how unrealistic that is because of the vast distances
       | involved. You have to remember that popular media in the 1960s
       | expected Moon bases and such in the not-too-distant future. _Star
       | Trek_ was really the last gasp of this and, interestingly, _Star
       | Trek_ is fundamentally socialist, which is noteworthy given that
       | it originated in the Cold War.
       | 
       | Star Wars on the other hand was a tale of the resistance to
       | imperialism. George Lucas has said he modeled the resistance on
       | the North Vietnamese. Cyberpunk came about in the 1980s (eg
       | _Neuromancer_ , _Blade Runner_ ) that had nothing to do with
       | starships but they really reflected a societal pessimism.
       | Cyberpunk is inherently xenophobic (ie because of fears of the
       | Japanese).
       | 
       | I wonder if the popularity of fantasy is fundamentally escapist
       | and an expression of helplessness. Think about it: fantasy
       | usually revolves around the outsized impact of individual
       | actions, of a hero or heroine.
        
       | nephihaha wrote:
       | I've never really agreed with putting SF together with Fantasy,
       | because they are slightly different genres. Some science fiction
       | writers have used genuine science to underpin their writings, one
       | of the more recent examples of that would be "the Martian".
       | Fantasy doesn't need that kind of technical detail.
       | 
       | It parallels other developments. There is an increasing
       | scepticism around science, and a significant number of people do
       | not believe in the Moon landing. The heroic age of space travel
       | has been replaced by school teachers and guys busking in tin cans
       | in near Earth orbit. It's become mundane and the most exciting
       | things in space exploration are being done by probes not humans
       | nowadays.
        
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