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Weekly Charts
5 min
January 29th, 2026
Where did all the starships go?
Portrait of Jonathan Muth
Jonathan Muth
Mike Winkelmann
, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia
Commons Mike Winkelmann, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Hi, I'm Jonathan, responsible for all things technical when it comes
to Datawrapper's website and blog. In this week's Weekly Chart, I'm
having a look at the titles of science fiction and fantasy novels
across decades.
As a reader of science fiction, I've noticed that the sci-fi aisles
in bookstores are getting smaller and smaller. So small, in fact,
that I now regularly have to make the trip to a shop here in Berlin
that still sells the "good stuff." Fantasy seems to be taking over,
at least commercially. And while this trend is no secret, I thought
it would be interesting to visualize it.
On the search for a suitable dataset, I came across the Internet
Speculative Fiction Database (ISFDB), a volunteer effort to maintain
an up-to-date source of bibliographical information on works of
fiction that fall into the genres of science fiction, fantasy, or
horror.
Let's see how often typical sci-fi words have been mentioned in the
~210,000 titles in that database over the decades:
[full]
[ Edit this chart]
The data tells a clear story: classic sci-fi keywords peaked in the
1950s-60s and have steadily declined since. "Space" saw the sharpest
drop, from over 2.5% of titles in the 1950s to under 0.5% today.
"Mars," "Planet/s," and "Moon/s" follow the same trajectory. The
golden age of space exploration in fiction seems to have ended
alongside the Apollo program. (One notable exception is the slight
uptick in "Moon" titles between the 1990s and the 2010s that may be
explained by the next category.)
[full]
[ Edit this chart]
Meanwhile, fantasy keywords show an opposite trend. "Dragon/s" barely
registered before 1980 but now appears in nearly 2% of titles. "Magic
(al)" and "Witch/es" follow similar trends, accelerating sharply
after 2000 -- the timing aligns with the commercial success of Harry
Potter and the Lord of the Rings movies. Twilight and Buffy, the
Vampire Slayer, seem to have revived the vampire genre. Vampires and
werewolves also likely contributed to the continued presence of
"Moon" in book titles.
[full]
[ Edit this chart]
Not everything follows the genre shift. Words like "Dark(ness)," "War
/s," and "Death" retain remarkably stable presence in book titles
across seven decades. These are genre-agnostic terms, equally at home
in space opera or epic fantasy -- with a slight uptick around the 90s
supposedly due to the decade's fascination with the supernatural. And
while time travel hasn't yet materialized, time itself continues to
be a topic.
Shelves are a-changing
What does this mean for science fiction? I am not so sure. The
classic space opera may have ceded shelf space to urban fantasy and
dragon-laden epics, but sci-fi themes have become more diverse and
partially absorbed into the mainstream. It might even be evolving
into something new.
Still, I miss those aisles. There's something beautiful about a
paperback with a title and cover promising distant stars, strange new
worlds, and most importantly, lots of starships. The data confirms
what my local bookstore already told me: if you're looking for the
old-school stuff, you'll have to look a little harder (or online,
starting with a search on the ISFDB).
What I learned along the way
I originally planned to use existing tags from the ISFDB to visualize
the sci-fi/fantasy split, determined to show that sci-fi was becoming
less popular. Turns out that only a small fraction of novels in the
DB are actually tagged by genre. So that wasn't a satisfying option.
I then tried to categorize all titles from the ISFDB by genre using a
combination of web-scraped plot summaries and LLM-assisted tagging.
Another dead-end, that taught me not to trust AI with the subtleties
of sci-fi and fantasy tropes. Even when I reduced the dataset to
award-winning novels only and provided more context, the responses
were fuzzy at best and unusable at scale.
Ultimately, I took the simpler approach of simply checking how often
certain words appeared in the titles of all ~210,000 English-language
novels in the database. Sometimes, simple works.
---------------------------------------------------------------------
That's it from me this week! Next Thursday, you can look forward to a
fresh Weekly from Luc.
Portrait of Jonathan Muth
Jonathan Muth (he/him) is Datawrapper's website development lead. He
has experience as a brand strategy consultant, product owner and
front-end developer, holds a master's degree in communication
science, and toured Europe making music with a GameBoy. Jonathan
lives in Berlin.
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