[HN Gopher] Deliberate Internet Shutdowns
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Deliberate Internet Shutdowns
        
       Author : WaitWaitWha
       Score  : 306 points
       Date   : 2025-12-18 17:49 UTC (4 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.schneier.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.schneier.com)
        
       | stogot wrote:
       | Its become clear that the axiom "The Net Interprets Censorship As
       | Damage and Routes Around It" as no longer true. It hasnt been
       | since before 2010 anecdotely but the data Schneier presents here
       | is undeniable
        
         | cyberax wrote:
         | This is still somewhat true. For example, Russia is now
         | frequently shutting down mobile Internet. Ostensibly for
         | protection against drone attacks, but even it had to relent a
         | bit and allow at least some whitelisted services to work.
         | 
         | So immediately local VPN companies started providing the
         | unrestricted access through proxies at these services.
        
         | hulitu wrote:
         | It hasn't been true since 9/11 when the US name servers were
         | "shut down" and traffic was dropped ftom level3 nodes.
        
           | stogot wrote:
           | What name server / level3 event was this?
        
       | karel-3d wrote:
       | Ahh I just wanted to host my website in Afghanistan.
       | 
       | (there are actual web hosting companies in Kabul, and it seems
       | its not illegal to send money there)
        
       | ffuxlpff wrote:
       | One more reason to resist the fragile lifestyle that requires
       | constant internet access. Even if you don't live in a
       | totalitarian country where shutting down the net would be easy
       | and probable.
       | 
       | Some time ago someone posted in Twitter a letter of Theodore
       | Kaczynski giving life advice, one point being not to use internet
       | for more than one hour a day. Too bad I couldn't find it anymore.
        
         | dijit wrote:
         | why is this flagged? (maybe Theo? I don't know this person).
         | 
         | Its absolutely a good argument _against_ fragile IoT devices
         | that have no local /offline mode and the ever increasing lurch
         | of internet requirements for our daily life.
         | 
         | I'm not sure my phone does much of anything without an internet
         | connection. Yet it is my primary banking and authentication
         | method (via BankID).
         | 
         | EDIT: Theodore Kaczynski is the unabomber... well, thats an odd
         | name to drop and maybe not an ideal candidate for life advice.
        
           | IAmGraydon wrote:
           | It's getting downvoted because (1) this person is suggesting
           | the answer to governments taking away our ability to freely
           | communicate is to stop freely communicating (2) he's giving
           | life advice from a terrorist mass murderer.
           | 
           | Yes, you're not at risk from being cut off from the world if
           | you're not connected to it in the first place. That's not a
           | state most of us want to exist in. Ted Kaczynski lived in a
           | small cabin in the woods away from humanity.
        
             | blueflow wrote:
             | > this person is suggesting the answer to governments
             | taking away our ability to freely communicate is to stop
             | freely communicating
             | 
             | You equate comms with internet. Maybe you should talk to
             | people IRL more often.
        
               | IAmGraydon wrote:
               | No one in their right mind believes that you can
               | accomplish widespread, high speed communication via
               | "talking to people IRL" like you can with the internet.
               | It has become a very important way that we share
               | information broadly, deal with emergencies, and stay
               | informed. Going back to the stone age is not a good
               | option at this point. But you know that, and you're just
               | posting nonsense to have an argument.
        
               | blueflow wrote:
               | > No one in their right mind believes that you can
               | accomplish widespread, high speed communication via
               | "talking to people IRL" like you can with the internet.
               | 
               | Nobody claimed that. I'm not sure whether this sort of
               | comms is meaningful at all or whether "staying informed"
               | is just the dopamine thing in effect.
               | 
               | > Going back to the stone age
               | 
               | Its actually 20 years ago. That's less than the median
               | age.
        
             | ffuxlpff wrote:
             | The solutions requiring constant internet connection are
             | pushed by states and companies because they help cutting
             | costs and gathering information. However, the users are
             | often more vulnerable to the risks if the technology fails
             | but have relatively little say.
             | 
             | The solutions that do much the same but require internet
             | connection only once a day or even once an hour would be
             | much more resilient and safe but currently there are few
             | incentives for providers to develop and offer them.
             | 
             | The extreme situations like war or dictatorship are good
             | awakening calls but it is easy to see there are lots of
             | risks involved even if things would go rather smoothly
             | otherwise.
        
         | noident wrote:
         | Ted has some interesting ideas but I personally would not
         | accept any life advice from him
        
         | iberator wrote:
         | Living without the Internet is still doable. Just a little bit
         | harder.
         | 
         | You gonna lose some time and money (buying bus tickets
         | physically and not buying cheap junk over the internet, BUT
         | you're gonna gain like literally 6h per day :)
         | 
         | Been there, done that. Its net positive experience. Just like
         | going back to 1999.
        
           | krior wrote:
           | You are aware of the fact that a lot of the payment
           | infrastructure relies on the internet today?
        
             | A4ET8a8uTh0_v2 wrote:
             | Sure, but it does not mean it is not possible as OP notes.
             | 
             | More to your point though, even if it does, maybe it should
             | not realy on it.
        
             | Bender wrote:
             | Depends where one lives. In my location there is zero
             | dependency on the internet. It's just a convenience thing
             | and the growing number of miscreants on the internet is
             | negating that balance for me personally. Sooner than later
             | I am going back to a landline and ditching the cell phone.
        
             | goku12 wrote:
             | We used to carry paper pieces called 'bank notes' or
             | 'bills' and round metal disks called 'coins' in a small
             | leather pouch in our pockets called wallets. They were
             | pretty effective for payments without much of an
             | infrastructure. Even banks worked using paper documents and
             | books.
             | 
             | I know this sounds a bit too condescending. But that's
             | honestly not my intention. I just couldn't help it! Jokes
             | aside, it's true that we often forget that these things can
             | be done and were done without the internet. But more
             | importantly, there are 2 dangerous implications for our
             | over reliance on the internet for our financial activities.
             | The first is that the government or a non-state actor can
             | easily disrupt our commercial and personal activity
             | unintentionally or as a retribution. We have effectively
             | surrendered our financial autonomy to multiple powerful
             | players.
             | 
             | The second major problem is if we ever face a post-
             | apocalyptic situation with regards to modern technology. We
             | already have only a few fabs that can meet the global
             | demand for advanced ICs. We have already seen our
             | vulnerability to one of them when a flood there caused
             | supply chain disruptions and a slump in even automobile
             | markets. HDD and SSD manufacturers have similar weaknesses.
             | Meanwhile, DRAM manufacturers are placing all their
             | (gambling) chips in the AI hyperscaler market, threatening
             | to disrupt every market from smartphones, laptops and
             | consumer appliances to military and commercial jets, ATC,
             | shipping, railway signalling, telecom infrastructure, etc.
             | The technology apocalypse isn't that farfetched and we are
             | extremely vulnerable to it.
        
         | zzo38computer wrote:
         | I also think that you should be able to do stuff without
         | requiring internet access, and also should be able to do stuff
         | without requiring electrical power, etc. You should not be
         | overly reliance on technology. They can be useful (in many
         | ways), but should not be mandatory to rely on, and furthermore
         | should avoid damaging the natural environments for such
         | technology, and also avoid damaging the possibility of working
         | without them.
        
       | stego-tech wrote:
       | The post is mainly just a CTA against further internet
       | centralization and government control of core infrastructure,
       | which is fine. We need more of these, and we need more examples
       | of their harms for folks to draw on. HN often gets distilled down
       | to a singular cause - EU's Chat Control, Elon's shutdown of
       | Starlink over Ukraine, a regional outage of a public cloud
       | provider - but generalized topics like these aren't really
       | discussed all too often I find, or are often flagged for a
       | variety of reasons and shutdown.
       | 
       | As technologists of multiple stripes and disciplines -
       | programmers, developers, engineers, architects, designers,
       | product managers, etcetera - we need to collaborate more on the
       | direction of our industry as a whole, rather than just specific
       | niches we find appealing. From my specific perspective in IT, the
       | increasing centralization across every vendor category (three
       | major x86 server manufacturers, two CPU vendors, two GPU makers,
       | three global-scale public clouds, ISP mono- and duopolies, a
       | handful of commercial operating systems, a near-monopoly EUVL
       | supplier - the list goes on) is a dire threat to not just the
       | open internet, but open technology in general.
       | 
       | We need to be better advocates for and champions of the
       | technological future we envision, rather than just blindly
       | celebrate startups and tech fads all the time. Mr. Schneier is
       | merely the latest and largest canary in the proverbial coal mine.
        
         | CodingJeebus wrote:
         | It's hard to be a better advocate without diving into the
         | politics of why we're in the situation we are, which also
         | doesn't address the amount of political power you and I have
         | relative to the interests that want said technological
         | consolidation to exist.
         | 
         | And given that the tech community trends towards political
         | philosophies like libertarianism, which is inherently anti-
         | organization and anti-collectivist, I'm not sure how you begin
         | to scratch the surface of what a real solution looks like.
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | Politics are a factor but economics is a bigger one. With any
           | technology, each successive generation inevitably requires
           | larger and larger capital investments. Ideally governments
           | should do more to preserve competition but when it costs
           | >$10B to develop a new microchip manufacturing process that
           | inherently limits how many players the market can support.
           | And if one company bets on the wrong technology or gets the
           | timing wrong that can leave them too financially weak to
           | survive.
        
             | AnthonyMouse wrote:
             | > when it costs >$10B to develop a new microchip
             | manufacturing process that inherently limits how many
             | players the market can support.
             | 
             | Does it though? TSMC's market cap is over a trillion
             | dollars. Likewise Nvidia. What's $10B compared to these
             | numbers? Less than 1%. Maybe we couldn't have a thousand of
             | them, but why couldn't we have ten?
             | 
             | Not only that, this technology isn't a single invention, so
             | why does it have to be a single company? Couldn't some
             | companies make the fabs and other ones operate them,
             | causing them each to require less capital and be easier to
             | compete with on its own? Couldn't the various pieces of
             | equipment in the fabs each be developed by a separate
             | company?
             | 
             | "It costs >$10B to do this as a vertically integrated
             | conglomerate" is bad, so maybe don't have that.
        
               | ksclk wrote:
               | I assume it's cheaper to own the whole vertical slice at
               | this scale, so you can control everything. Given that
               | there's the financial incentive to do it, how would you
               | prevent companies from growing vertically? If you
               | declared a legal limit, how would you prevent a single
               | entity from forming a chain of companies, effectively
               | producing one huge vertical company as well?
        
               | schubidubiduba wrote:
               | By enforcing antitrust laws, like it has been done many
               | times in history?
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | > I assume it's cheaper to own the whole vertical slice
               | at this scale, so you can control everything.
               | 
               | In general it's the opposite: Internal politics destroys
               | value and a single point of failure is a business risk
               | even if you own it because failure is rarely intentional.
               | 
               | As an example of the first, Kodak invented digital
               | cameras but then failed to capitalize on them because it
               | would have cannibalized their film business, and now
               | their film business is dead anyway but so is the entire
               | company. As an example of the second, Intel has
               | vertically integrated fabs but now that their fabs are
               | behind it's sinking the rest of the company. You could
               | tell a similar story about AMD a decade and a half ago
               | and spinning off their fabs is a big part of what saved
               | them. IBM was also a big vertically integrated monster
               | back in the day and they got out-competed by, well,
               | everybody, and now they're a hollowed out consultancy.
               | 
               | The way out of this for a large conglomerate is to _not_
               | take internal dependencies. So for example, Samsung makes
               | both DRAM and devices, and they typically use their own
               | DRAM in their own devices. But it 's industry standard
               | DRAM that they sell to anyone who is willing to pay them
               | for it, and if Samsung's DRAM fabs all got destroyed by a
               | natural disaster or their technology fell behind for some
               | reason, their device units could immediately switch to a
               | competitor until their DRAM unit got their house back in
               | order. Likewise, if their consumer devices became
               | uncompetitive their DRAM unit could still sell to the
               | rest of the market because they're not fully beholden to
               | a single internal customer. And having that serves as a
               | canary; Intel didn't have external fab customers so it
               | didn't notice them switching to TSMC, which would
               | otherwise have been a red flag.
               | 
               | The "problem" is that you need to have some foresight.
               | Everything's great until it isn't. If a company waits
               | until one of the internal units has a problem before
               | realizing that it's a single point of failure for other
               | business units, it's too late to redesign the ship after
               | you've already hit the iceberg.
        
             | mlsu wrote:
             | Mostly the reason that these things are so capital
             | intensive is due to market consolidation. If you want to do
             | something useful and stay small, you have 2 choices: get
             | crushed by a bigco or get absorbed.
             | 
             | That's politics.
        
             | immibis wrote:
             | Economics (allocation of scarce resources) is mostly
             | defined by politics. For instance how you said that
             | companies have to shut down if they take one bad risk and
             | they don't get another chance - there was an explicit
             | political decision that companies should work that way.
        
           | Forgeties79 wrote:
           | This piece could be infinitely long trying to address every
           | single angle that is relevant, big or small. Or it could just
           | cut to the heart of the matter and ask us all to fill in the
           | rest. I'm fine with the latter, personally, as the "why" is
           | not really what they're debating. Whatever the cause(s), the
           | end result is currently undesirable and necessitates action.
           | We can unpack the "why" as we try to fix it.
        
         | rconti wrote:
         | == Call To Action
        
           | tchalla wrote:
           | Thanks. I don't know why people use obscure abbreviations and
           | acronyms.
        
             | tonyedgecombe wrote:
             | They think it makes them sound knowledgable.
        
               | andruby wrote:
               | I don't think that is necessarily the case. If you use
               | certain words all the time, shortening them makes sense.
               | They might just forget which abbreviations are and aren't
               | common knowledge. You wouldn't get mad if people use PC,
               | CPU, ATM and RAM, right? Even SSD would be fine on HN,
               | but it probably wouldn't be fine outside HN. (neither
               | would using "HN")
        
               | alberto_ol wrote:
               | Without context ATM could be Asynchronous Transfer Mode
               | or automated teller machine.
        
               | sowbug wrote:
               | At the moment
        
               | codeflo wrote:
               | > Even SSD would be fine on HN, but it probably wouldn't
               | be fine outside HN.
               | 
               | The set of people who know the term "solid state drive"
               | is likely a strict subset of the people (mostly tech
               | enthusiasts of some shape) who know "SSD". Same for "USB"
               | and many other terms that have entered the mainstream
               | primarily as an abbreviation.
               | 
               | So the question is not whether to use an abbreviation or
               | spell out the full term as a matter of principle; the
               | question is whether it's the abbreviation or the full
               | term that's more commonly known. I'd argue that way fewer
               | people recognize "CTA" than know the term "call to
               | action". I personally have done some front-end
               | development, and didn't know the abbreviation either.
        
               | Izkata wrote:
               | And "ATM machine" tells me most people think the acronym
               | is the name instead of an acronym.
        
               | venturecruelty wrote:
               | I don't know why people can't take 0.3 seconds to type
               | "what does CTA stand for?" into their favorite search
               | engine/LLM/text-message-to-a-friend. This is "Hacker"
               | News, yes? What do hackers know how to do? Learn things,
               | yes?
               | 
               | Oh, and I also don't know why this needs to come up on
               | approximately every single post that has an abbreviation
               | that someone doesn't know.
        
               | kunley wrote:
               | To be exact, it takes more time than 0.3s to type it,
               | even for a fast typer.
               | 
               | I don't know why people can't not exaggerate things?
               | Doing it is certainly making their message less reliable,
               | not more
        
               | ryanjshaw wrote:
               | I googled it and it was defined as a marketing term, so I
               | figured that can't be the right one in a comment about
               | freedom of speech.
        
               | nmz wrote:
               | It stands for "Chicago transit authority". I don't know
               | about you, but search engines have become useless since
               | last year, I'm talking downright unusable.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CTA
        
               | stockresearcher wrote:
               | The Chicago Transit Authority has existed for only about
               | 70 years despite transit in Chicago being around for 125+
               | years.
               | 
               | Legislation the governor signed last week all but
               | guarantees that it won't see its hundredth birthday
               | except possibly as a sticker on the side of the busses
               | and trains. Within 5 years the agency will only have the
               | duty to plan routes within the city limits, and maybe do
               | some of the driver hiring.
        
               | MarkusQ wrote:
               | A search engine can tell you what some people mean by the
               | acronym. It can't tell you what this particular author
               | meant. It's like asking an LLM where you left your car
               | keys, or asking Google what your spouse wants for dinner.
        
               | venturecruelty wrote:
               | I don't see why that's the author's responsibility to
               | manage this for you.
        
               | sowbug wrote:
               | It's nice for writing to be sufficiently self-contained
               | for the reader to get the basic meaning without research.
               | How does it affect your sense of perspicacity when a
               | sentence forces you to consult a dictionary just to keep
               | up?
        
               | venturecruelty wrote:
               | I'm still not sure why this is the author's problem. If a
               | piece of writing is too challenging, you are welcome to
               | disengage from it, and not demand more from the author.
        
               | venturecruelty wrote:
               | No, they're just not pandering to children who can't help
               | themselves.
        
             | matsz wrote:
             | Arguably CTA isn't exactly an obscure acronym. It's multi-
             | disciplinary - quite common in UI/UX design and marketing;
             | and also decently common in any branched of software
             | engineering that interact with these topics, like... web
             | development.
        
               | knorker wrote:
               | I've worked in software engineering on Internet things
               | for decades and I have not once heard or seen this
               | abbreviated before.
        
               | crossroadsguy wrote:
               | CTA is very obscure. As a mobile dev I refuse to call CTA
               | as anything other than click or tap to action in which
               | case it should be TPA. Also many folks (esp. PMs confuse
               | CTAs with button clicks). Anyway, CTA in this context
               | didn't even ring a distant bell either for call or click
               | and I am glad it didn't.
        
               | Vinnl wrote:
               | I think in UI design it usually is intended to refer to
               | the main thing you want/expect a user to do in any given
               | situation, i.e. having multiple CTAs is a bit of an
               | oxymoron while having multiple buttons is not.
        
               | rconti wrote:
               | Wait, the acronym for "Tap To Action" is "TPA"?
        
               | A4ET8a8uTh0_v2 wrote:
               | It might not be obscure in an environment that lives on
               | 'social activity', but I can assure you -- and I am
               | saying this as a person, who survives daily barrages of
               | acronyms, CTA is not common.
        
               | xp84 wrote:
               | I've worked with marketer types for over a decade and had
               | them use the initialism "CTA" hundreds of times,
               | understood it, and yet still in this comment I had no
               | idea that they were referencing that term. If this was a
               | UI diagram I'd have had no problem. This seems to me like
               | a case where using an initialism in a different context
               | than it usually appears confuses readers. It would kind
               | of be like saying "I plan to GTM for a few things after
               | work today." You may recognize that as Go-To-Market if I
               | said "the GTM team" at work, but it is strange outside
               | that context. Outside a marketing or UI context I don't
               | think people usually initialize "CTA."
        
               | BobbyTables2 wrote:
               | What the hell does GTM even mean?
               | 
               | How many industries can prosper by defining what the
               | customer should get and have an endless stream of demand
               | in response?
               | 
               | Isn't GTM just "business 101"? I really don't understand
               | how people can use the term and not realize they are
               | screaming "we're going to do the basics of what we should
               | have been doing all along".
               | 
               | Imagine if software developers championed a "logic" based
               | approach.
        
               | Izkata wrote:
               | If said like "let's GTM" it usually means getting on a
               | call. Stands for Go-To-Meeting, the main business
               | videoconference software before Zoom took over.
        
               | mc32 wrote:
               | "Call to Action" is common. CTA instead of call to action
               | is not common.
        
               | immibis wrote:
               | It's specific to marketing and it's a term I've only seen
               | used when you are trying to sell a product. In my mind,
               | CTA means "the button we are trying to make you click on
               | by any means necessary because we make money when you
               | click on it"
        
             | SapporoChris wrote:
             | There is absolutely no issue with using obscure
             | abbreviations or acronyms as long as it is defined in the
             | first use.
        
               | nervysnail wrote:
               | IA (I agree).
        
               | Imustaskforhelp wrote:
               | IAOTM (I approve of this message)
        
               | jhbadger wrote:
               | In scientific papers (where acronyms are common) this is
               | definitely the rule.
        
             | sowbug wrote:
             | The one that sticks in my craw is "ofc," especially when
             | it's buried in a wall of text written by someone evidently
             | capable of typing lots of characters in one sitting.
             | 
             | I have deduced that it means "of course," but of course
             | since that expression could of course be sprinkled almost
             | anywhere in a sentence without changing its meaning much,
             | it's of course hard to be sure.
        
             | venturecruelty wrote:
             | I really don't know why people refuse to look things up.
             | And I don't understand how the parent's comment isn't off-
             | topic and unnecessary and pedantic and mine apparently is.
             | This place is a goddamn cesspool.
        
           | dcuthbertson wrote:
           | Thank you. There are so many TLAs (Three Letter Acronyms)
           | that they overlap significantly. Maybe the coffee hasn't
           | kicked in yet, but I didn't know what CTA meant in this
           | context. I thought it might be related to PSA (Public Service
           | Announcement), so I searched "CTA announcement" and got
           | Chicago Transit Authority and California Teacher's
           | Association - obviously not helpful.
        
             | blenderob wrote:
             | > Maybe the coffee hasn't kicked in yet
             | 
             | No, it isn't just you. I didn't get it either. I never
             | understood why some people use obscure acronyms and assume
             | everyone's going to understand that. It's like complete
             | lack of empathy for the reader.
        
             | Imustaskforhelp wrote:
             | I was really confused too so I had assumed it was related
             | to something written in the article as I had just opened up
             | the comments
             | 
             | Now that I know CTA means Call to action, its okay but lets
             | be honest that they could have atleast said either CTA
             | (call to action) or just skip the abbreviation itself since
             | I assume a very significant proportion of people were
             | confused so what's exactly the point of an abbreviation
             | like CTA is certainly up to debate and people are
             | definitely debating it so I am waiting for what the overall
             | consensus on the whole thing is :)
        
             | hodgesrm wrote:
             | At the University of Michigan many moons ago CTA stood for
             | Central Tripping Authority, a largely imaginary collective
             | devoted to taking hallucinogens. (Regularly.) There was CTA
             | graffiti all over East Quadrangle dormitory when I lived
             | there. The meaning was well-understood.
             | 
             | Moral: A good TLA can be surprisingly memorable.
             | 
             | (edited)
        
           | CompoundEyes wrote:
           | Call to Arms! ^_^
        
         | mxkopy wrote:
         | Do unions work against corporate mergers? I'd imagine they do
         | as they tend to work against corporate interests in general but
         | I'm not that well versed in this sort of history.
        
           | gbear605 wrote:
           | It probably depends on the corporations. If a merger would
           | result in all of the union's employees being laid off, of
           | course the union would fight it.
        
           | kruffalon wrote:
           | Unions tend to work for people.
           | 
           | If you think that working for people is against corporate
           | interests then I think we should just be dine with
           | corporations.
           | 
           | I like people!
        
           | venturecruelty wrote:
           | Antitrust law does. That requires a government that cares to
           | enforce the law.
        
           | devilbunny wrote:
           | Depends on the union and the laws under which they operate.
        
         | thegrim000 wrote:
         | >> Elon's shutdown of Starlink over Ukraine
         | 
         | "In February 2022, two days after Russia's full-scale invasion,
         | Ukraine requested that the American aerospace company SpaceX
         | activate their Starlink satellite internet service in the
         | country, to replace internet and communication networks
         | degraded or destroyed during the war.[2][3][4] Starlink has
         | since been used by Ukrainian civilians, government and
         | military.[3][5] The satellite service has been employed for
         | humanitarian purposes as well as defense and counterattacks on
         | Russian positions.[6]"
         | 
         | "In 2022, Elon Musk denied a Ukrainian request to extend
         | Starlink's coverage up to Russian-occupied Crimea during a
         | counterattack on a Crimean port, from which Russia had been
         | launching attacks against Ukrainian civilians; doing so would
         | have violated US sanctions on Russia.[18] This event was widely
         | reported in 2023, erroneously characterizing it as Musk
         | "turning off" Starlink coverage in Crimea.[19][20]"
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starlink_in_the_Russian-Ukrain...
        
           | noja wrote:
           | " According to three people familiar with the command, Musk
           | told a senior engineer at the California offices of SpaceX,
           | the Musk venture that controls Starlink, to cut coverage in
           | areas including Kherson, a strategic region north of the
           | Black Sea that Ukraine was trying to reclaim." --
           | https://www.reuters.com/investigations/musk-ordered-
           | shutdown...
        
           | throw93039r88 wrote:
           | I am sure it is against Terms of Service to use Starlink to
           | bomb people!
           | 
           | Last time starlink was used to sank tanker near Turkey. It
           | was miracle tanker was empty, and there was no ecological
           | catastrophe!
        
             | OKRainbowKid wrote:
             | IIRC, that tanker was chosen precisely _because_ it was
             | empty and would not cause an ecological disaster. Not much
             | of a miracle.
        
             | A4ET8a8uTh0_v2 wrote:
             | It is a fascinating thought. War being against TOS. And
             | enforced thusly. As an abstract idea that is not connected
             | to reality on the ground it offers a.. view into today's
             | mind and what it can be compelled with.
        
               | gmdrigipo wrote:
               | If Starlink does not enforce its TOS, it is a weapon used
               | in the war (guidance system for drones), and its
               | satellites are legitimate targets for air defence.
               | 
               | West uses the same logic to bomb neutral tankers, because
               | they may carry weapon or stuff!
        
               | A4ET8a8uTh0_v2 wrote:
               | My relatively mild amusement comes from war being against
               | TOS, where war is effectively ultimate break of local
               | level TOS. The only reason it is even discussed in this
               | way is because, as war goes, it is contained. 'Real wars
               | have no terms of service' is my subtle point.
               | 
               | edit: I accept I am a somewhat horrible person to even be
               | able to articulate those thoughts.
        
               | sedawkgrep wrote:
               | > accept I am a somewhat horrible person to even be able
               | to articulate those thoughts.
               | 
               | No, you're simply thoughtful and a realist. To
               | acknowledge something doesn't mean you agree with or
               | endorse it.
        
             | callc wrote:
             | "It is a crime to commit crimes using our product or
             | service"
             | 
             | Yeah... crimes are crimes.
        
         | mschuster91 wrote:
         | > From my specific perspective in IT, the increasing
         | centralization across every vendor category (three major x86
         | server manufacturers, two CPU vendors, two GPU makers, three
         | global-scale public clouds, ISP mono- and duopolies, a handful
         | of commercial operating systems, a near-monopoly EUVL supplier
         | - the list goes on) is a dire threat to not just the open
         | internet, but open technology in general.
         | 
         | Part of the reason why we have seen this absurd centralization
         | is complexity. It used to be possible for third parties to tape
         | out an x86-compatible CPU and in fact there were multiple
         | vendors doing this - but it's impossible these days, mostly
         | from a financial viewpoint (you'll probably need a few billion
         | dollars in R&D plus the licensing cost), but also from a
         | technological viewpoint - you'd need to have feature parity
         | with Intel/AMD x86 CPUs _and_ some material improvement
         | actually enticing people to buy your new CPU.
         | 
         | In the end the "free market" will _always_ lead to such
         | concentration effects and, most importantly, to _de facto
         | standards_ because the dominant actor(s) will always be the
         | cross-section of  "offers the most features, is used everywhere
         | else, is affordable".
         | 
         | The fix requires governmental intervention (be it anti-trust
         | legislation, mandatory sharing of resources/access for dominant
         | entities or whatever), but sadly we can't even do regime
         | changes to get rid of kleptocrats like the Taliban any more...
        
           | Roark66 wrote:
           | Exactly... In fact this realisation has been the main reason
           | why I shifted my views (in my teenage years) from libertarian
           | to more centrist.
           | 
           | Having grown up in a falling communist state full of state
           | sanctioned monopolies I thought free market will sort it out.
           | Later I realised you need a balance between free market and
           | interventionism, but for the latter to work you need a way to
           | prevent corruption and a good justice system. Things that are
           | very hard to come by in many parts of the world
        
             | mschuster91 wrote:
             | It didn't help that the fall of Yugoslavia and the USSR
             | coincided with Thatcherism/neoliberalism. People widely
             | mistook correlation for causation, although particularly in
             | former pseudo-communist nations that was understandable
             | given how fast progress came in...
             | 
             | But the nasty awakening? That came crashing hard and
             | painful, once the dust settled, _a lot_ of assets got
             | looted and progress mostly stopped.
        
         | vcliberal wrote:
         | > From my specific perspective in IT, the increasing
         | centralization across every vendor category (three major x86
         | server manufacturers, two CPU vendors, two GPU makers, three
         | global-scale public clouds, ISP mono- and duopolies, a handful
         | of commercial operating systems, a near-monopoly EUVL supplier
         | - the list goes on) is a dire threat to not just the open
         | internet, but open technology in general.
         | 
         | > We need to be better advocates for and champions of the
         | technological future we envision, rather than just blindly
         | celebrate startups and tech fads all the time.
         | 
         | There are already groups for these things (W3C, ICANN, IEEE,
         | etc.), so how I interpret what you're saying is that we need to
         | abandon large corporations and go with... what exactly?
         | 
         | I'm not going rally behind a government administration that
         | seeks dictatorial power over everything. That's much worse than
         | power spread over FAANG.
        
           | alecco wrote:
           | Most of those groups were co-opted by Big Tech. I can tell
           | from personal experience 20 years ago. In my case Microsoft
           | and Cisco put people dedicated to the standard and we actual
           | coders lost just out of ballooning time required for meetings
           | and pointless complexity.
           | 
           | You can probably say the same for most of STEM academia.
           | That's why I respect the Berkeley people. They are often
           | insane far-far-left zealots, but they are the least corrupted
           | by corporations. That's why you can see great open things
           | like RISC-V come out of "The People's Republic of Berkeley".
        
             | abc123abc123 wrote:
             | Yep. For instance, the linux foundation is just a shadow of
             | its former self, full of CV-stuffing people from global
             | corporations.
             | 
             | Look no further than to corona times, when the LF wanted to
             | develop a global digital vaccine passport. That's basically
             | helping authoritarians, and completely against the open
             | source and decentralization spirit.
             | 
             | A new foudation needs to be laid, banning global
             | corporations from participating. If not, after a few years,
             | due to their power, money and influence, they will have
             | taken over (again).
        
               | goku12 wrote:
               | > A new foudation needs to be laid, banning global
               | corporations from participating. If not, after a few
               | years, due to their power, money and influence, they will
               | have taken over
               | 
               | No amount of ban or rules will prevent those corporations
               | from carrying out a coup on any foundation or even the
               | society itself. They have enough power, money and
               | influence to find loopholes around them and exploit them.
               | 
               | The only way to stop them is to be eternally vigilant,
               | actively recognize their sleazy tactics and push back
               | together as a determined team. That can be achieved only
               | by a smart population whose basic instincts cannot be
               | easily predicted and manipulated by those corporations.
               | 
               | Take the example of the web. When the bigtech hijacked it
               | and went on their bloat-up rampage, the rest of the
               | community should have just forked the standards, cut out
               | the excess fat and extended it with sane, light and
               | orthogonal designs. Instead, we foolishly let chrome
               | extend their monopoly in web development, market share
               | and future designs of the web.
               | 
               | But the rot extends much deeper. Modern educational
               | system teaches us just enough values and advanced
               | knowledge to be the obedient and productive slaves to
               | these corporations, but never enough to question their
               | motives. It misleads us into believing that we and the
               | world economy owe them our survival. It glorifies
               | personal achievements and hyper-individualism to the
               | extend that we suffer major emotional trauma as a result.
               | Yet, are we even compensated appropriately in return for
               | prioritizing our careers? They programmed us to sacrifice
               | our happiness and relationships to enrich some
               | remorseless and obscenely wealthy strangers.
        
           | FatherOfCurses wrote:
           | How passionately do you feel about that position every time
           | AWS us-east-1 goes down?
        
         | runlaszlorun wrote:
         | I'll admit that my early morning eyes saw "CYA". Which I'll
         | admit had me scratching my head...
        
         | observationist wrote:
         | We should require adherence to US regulatory policy at a
         | minimum for any country that wants to connect to the US
         | internet, and any attempt to circumvent, restrict, or infringe
         | on that will result in a hard disconnect with that state for
         | some period, like a weeklong blackout after each instance of
         | overreach.
         | 
         | Imagine the political revolutions if the petty tyrants take
         | away the circuses.
        
         | Imustaskforhelp wrote:
         | I wrote a really long post and pardon me for that if so may be
         | and so I decided to have the tldr on the top of my comment
         | rather than the bottom. I sometimes write long to give people
         | an prospect into my thinking process so I am not sure but just
         | read the TLDR too perhaps and if someone finds long posts
         | enjoyful then buckle up!
         | 
         | TLDR: There are movements like clippy and projects like
         | scaleway and so so many others with forums like lowendtalks
         | etc. to give value on the fact that there are alternatives with
         | open source softwares so we need people who have the knowledge
         | to spark that knowledge in a way understandable by the normal
         | people and that is okay because normal people cant be expected
         | to be all techie like us for the same reason I or you cant be
         | expected to know all about ping pong.
         | 
         | https://www.scaleway.com/en/news/scaleway-launches-its-risc-...
         | 
         | > Featuring the T-HEAD TH1520 SoC, 16GB RAM and 128GB storage
         | at a price of EUR15.99 per month, Elastic Metal RV1 is
         | accessible to all budgets
         | 
         | Scaleway :- a non three global-scale public clouds offering
         | riscv from a custom manufacturer from a list might be something
         | of your interest then :)
         | 
         | Sir, I understand that the world is getting centralized since
         | that is the fact but I have started to frequent more on
         | https://vpspricetracker.com/ , https://serverdeals.cc/ ,
         | https://serververify.com/ , https://lowendtalk.com/ etc. (sorry
         | for sending more links but I have a whole list of awesome stuff
         | on a yopad/etherpad instance)
         | 
         | Most of these websites come from Lowendtalk culture and
         | most/some of these cloud providers were themselves users (I
         | talked to one owner of a vps provider) / power users
         | 
         | Let me try to be clear as to what I am saying here: The issue
         | is convenience. Choosing these three global scale public
         | scales, so if something falls down, its convenient/easy to put
         | the blame on AWS for falling down. Nobody would get fired for
         | picking AWS whereas something can definitely be said if they
         | were other providers aside from these three
         | 
         | Now you can read my other comments where people say that there
         | are not enough offerings and yes there are and please read
         | those comments in sake of not repeating contents.
         | 
         | So basically the issues are incentives/convenience and other
         | issues which _can_ be fixed
         | 
         | If you really want you can colocate on datacenters.
         | 
         | This may not be the comment you might want and even now after
         | saying this, the fact still stands that AWS contains a huge
         | traffic and half the internet basically goes down when US-
         | East-1 falls
         | 
         | But what does CTA mean? CTA in my opinion means giving business
         | to other than these few restricted companies. To be honest,
         | there really isn't a reason for having on them in my opinion
         | both in terms of pricing and many other things.
         | 
         | I long have this opinion that your wallet decides the CTA. Who
         | you fund etc. can be the easiest way to generate momentum and
         | CTA. If you are referring to something like a political
         | agitation/movement, these sound nice (and maybe we should have
         | it) but they suffer from plethora of issues.
         | 
         | There are two ways of going through, either convincing the
         | masses to have political voting and then create laws which try
         | to protect their consumers only for nothing to quite happen on
         | that front (germany has some of the highest protection laws but
         | I am not sure how that prevents the fact that even now AWS
         | exists and the triopoly of cloud for most websites)
         | 
         | These companies have malicious compliance and they have
         | billions of dollars for every loophole so they always move
         | faster than the speed of laws/ their revisions.
         | 
         | A personal movement where we try to shame companies is good but
         | in the end if businesses/people still use them, then there
         | exactly isn't a point of it then, do they?
         | 
         | So basically a movement where awareness is raised about
         | corporations doing good deeds and giving them business seems
         | the best way moving forward.
         | 
         | But there is a fault where I don't really want to associate
         | with Scaleway (as the example I gave) but rather the idea of
         | similar possibilities
         | (hetzner,netcup,contabo,ovh,upcloud,reliablesite I can go all
         | day long :) )
         | 
         | So in my opinion the best call to action is giving people the
         | notion/possibilities that there are other options
         | 
         | Edit: I think that homelabbing genuinely helps, in a way I see
         | all of these communites, VPS hosting, these hosting providers
         | themselves and homelabbing to even homelabbing some raspberry
         | pi's to homelabbing over that old pc that is scraping dust to
         | even Saas providers who run on vercel all on a spectrum of
         | varying degrees
         | 
         | In my opinion, there are some solid software available too and
         | I had thought about compiling my own list of niche
         | softwares/services/knowledge I know about but the thing is,
         | most people aren't interested exactly per se and with the
         | recent ram price increase, I am kind of left out so I am
         | probably going to be hosting stuff on a VPS but the market is
         | thinking of raising prices too so the barrier to entry in these
         | markets might increase. One of the reasons I am unable to
         | tinker with a rasp pi is that although its cheap, I live in
         | third world country and I still need to genuinely think through
         | it as an investment and so I just ran termux on an android tab
         | lying around or even my phone for somedays but having to
         | constantly power them
         | 
         | The point I am trying to make is that somehow if you want call
         | to action, you want to convince the masses and I have seen this
         | happen but it needs to happen effectively with the message and
         | not have to mess with the details within which I constantly see
         | happen here and I am guilty of it because my comment here has a
         | high noise:signal ratio but I hope that people are able to make
         | effective slogans/things which stick with people about it
         | 
         | Admittedly, the Clippy Movement by rouis lossman is the only
         | one of such "movements" which has gotten movement and I still
         | see clippy heads (lmao) and I have found that basically clippy
         | heads and I and potentially you and other people reading this
         | on hackernews too.
         | 
         | I don't think that we should seperate movements/spin many tho,
         | that seems antithetical to me personally and I am an idealist
         | in many cases so If the new movements get so detached from
         | average person it can be hard to gain base/support in the first
         | place so movements like clippy are good enough to spread our
         | messages too
         | 
         | I was a clippy head on discord and many places but I slowly
         | removed it from discord but I still have it on YT but I think
         | that there are ways to really condense a lot of information for
         | the average clippy protestor / helping them install linux and
         | many other things
         | 
         | There is no catharsis of the whole situation if you want me to
         | have. The world both looks good and bad at the same time and
         | its mixed.
         | 
         | I think that the only thing we can do is be a realist and still
         | try because we must live and trying is the only thing we can do
         | but I (try?) but sometimes we live in our own bubbles so
         | detached from reality and this is something I am going to work
         | on (on how to communicate to the normal population like jeff
         | geerling is a really good example at it too for homelab nerds,
         | hi jeff if you are reading this)
        
         | stego-tech wrote:
         | Replying to myself probably breaks some sort of rule somewhere
         | (ye olde double-posting), but I think it's warranted here given
         | the volume of responses this comment of mine has received.
         | 
         | I deliberately left out specific guidance because I wanted
         | exactly the kind of responses we've seen here: a healthy
         | mixture of takes from different backgrounds and perspectives,
         | as well as the opportunity for fatalists to out themselves with
         | the well-tread "just how it is"/"nothing we can do" schtick
         | these sorts of posts tend to encourage. _The discussion was the
         | point_ , and I love seeing the back-and-forth folks have
         | engaged with here over a very broad opinion of mine.
         | 
         | What I'll leave everyone here with is something that's kept me
         | afloat during my own dark times, far, far darker times than we
         | see now:
         | 
         | Just because everything works that way today, doesn't mean
         | it'll work that way tomorrow. None of today was inevitable
         | yesterday, and none of tomorrow is written in stone today. One
         | individual can't fix the world, but enough of us together,
         | focused on a glut of smaller changes, targeting specific
         | problems, acting in concert despite being individuals? _That_
         | is what drives meaningful change. _That_ is what defines
         | tomorrow.
         | 
         | Don't fret that you can't overturn colossal problems alone.
         | Stop worrying that things have grown too complicated to fix
         | easily. Focus instead on building a community, a movement, an
         | orchestra of change towards causes you believe in. Build more
         | things and share them with others. Do things specifically
         | because _you_ find value in them, even - and especially - if
         | "free markets" or VCs don't. The more you build that you can
         | share, the wider the audience you can reach with your passions,
         | the easier it is to change things for the better.
         | 
         | Immiseration, complexity, monopoly, centralization: they're
         | choices, not inevitabilities.
        
       | modeless wrote:
       | I thought this would be advocating "chaos monkey" style
       | intentional shutdown to test institutions for resiliency in an
       | outage situation. Might not be a bad idea. Maybe once every four
       | years on leap day or something.
        
         | flakes wrote:
         | > Maybe once every four years on leap day or something.
         | 
         | Advantage: You no longer need to fix that leap day bug on your
         | website.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | would it be better to start the intentional shutdown at say a
           | couple of minutes before midnight so you know the shutdown
           | wasn't perhaps caused by the leap day bug?
        
         | tonyedgecombe wrote:
         | It would leave most developed countries in chaos, people would
         | die because of it.
        
           | ema wrote:
           | Centralized infrastructure is fragile and to the extent that
           | the internet has become centralized unscheduled Internet
           | shutdowns are bound to happen. The benefit of scheduled
           | Internet shutdown is that people can prepare for it while at
           | the same time gaining experience which helps with dealing
           | with an unscheduled Internet shutdown.
        
             | xmprt wrote:
             | On the other hand, if we force all systems to be resilient
             | to an internet shutdown then we'd end up regressing society
             | by a lot. Think about how much more work a single doctor is
             | able to handle more efficiently by having internet access
             | (eg. charts, patient history, access to all the world's
             | libraries) that would be lost without the internet.
        
               | MarkusQ wrote:
               | If we don't force critical systems to be resilient to an
               | internet shutdown, we'll be doing the meme. Specifically:
               | 
               | Weinberg's 2nd Law:
               | 
               | If builders built buildings the way programmers wrote
               | programs, then the first woodpecker that came along would
               | destroy civilization.
        
           | hnben wrote:
           | we do annual unannounced firedrills and now one dies as a
           | consequence.
        
             | soerxpso wrote:
             | That's because the unannounced firedrills don't involve
             | setting the building on fire. A "drill" equivalent would be
             | if we all _pretended_ the internet is down sometimes, and
             | in some cases that still might be impossible to do without
             | negative consequences.
        
               | modeless wrote:
               | Fire drills do involve denying access, though. We
               | wouldn't need to bomb the datacenters but we would need
               | to make them inaccessible.
        
         | ansgri wrote:
         | In general I agree, but too much resilience can lead to worse
         | infrastructure. Where I live, a couple hours of unannounced
         | electricity outage every week is a non-event, so wires are
         | patched in more and more points. And there's little motivation
         | to invest significant money and time once to replace them by
         | something more robust.
        
       | vivzkestrel wrote:
       | did you see the data i posted earlier on how many shutdowns have
       | happened this year across the world?
       | https://public.tableau.com/app/profile/zach.rosson/viz/STOP_...
        
         | vjay15 wrote:
         | its really crazy how much internet shutdowns india has done
        
           | crossroadsguy wrote:
           | India doesn't do any of this. This is all propaganda by CIA,
           | Ford Foundation, and George Soros. India is the biggest
           | democracy and we had autonomous and conscious flying air-
           | things when the world barely even existed in this form i.e.
           | millennia ago. This is the best UNESCO certified country in
           | the world led by a non-biological (in His own words) head of
           | state. Now, bow!
           | 
           | PS. Don't forget the zero! You still owe us _that much_.
        
             | goku12 wrote:
             | I was confused for a minute after reading this, until I
             | remembered that I'm on HN.
        
       | ursAxZA wrote:
       | If anything, this just highlights the need for Starlink-style
       | connectivity and off-grid power.
       | 
       | Of course, once jamming enters the picture, even that lifeline
       | disappears.
        
         | jedimastert wrote:
         | > Starlink-style connectivity
         | 
         | Note that one of the higher-profile deliberate internet
         | shutdowns was Starlink itself shutting down internet
         | connectivity in Ukraine.
        
           | ursAxZA wrote:
           | Ultimately it just becomes a question of where you want the
           | choke point to live -- in a state actor, or in a private
           | operator.
           | 
           | Neither option is risk-free; the failure modes simply differ.
           | 
           | A government can shut you off for political reasons, a
           | corporation can shut you off for contractual or geopolitical
           | ones.
           | 
           | As long as the system assumes centralized stewardship for
           | safety or reliability, someone will inevitably hold the
           | switch -- the only variable is who.
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | > in a state actor, or in a private operator.
             | 
             | multiple satellite operators are coming on line. what are
             | the odds all of them coordinate to shut down in one region
             | invalidating using the other providers as fail over?
        
               | ursAxZA wrote:
               | I might be mistaken, but as far as I know there is
               | currently no other LEO broadband provider that is
               | meaningfully comparable at a global scale.
               | 
               | Starlink is often treated as the reference point not
               | because it is perfect or fully resilient, but because
               | there is no second network at a similar scale that could
               | realistically serve as a failover today.
               | 
               | If we imagine a hypothetical future where three mature
               | operators exist, then yes -- absent coordinated political
               | or geopolitical action, at least one network might remain
               | online.
               | 
               | However, even that surviving operator would not
               | necessarily provide full coverage of the affected region.
               | Global redundancy is extremely hard in practice, because
               | maintaining continuous, worldwide LEO coverage is not
               | free -- it requires massive capex and opex, ground
               | stations, regulatory permissions, and local political
               | approval.
               | 
               | True worldwide failover remains more of a theoretical
               | construct than an operational reality.
        
               | Hackbraten wrote:
               | == Low Earth Orbit
        
           | try_the_bass wrote:
           | Notably absent from TFA...
           | 
           | Probably because it's not actually a truthful
           | characterization of what happened! I know it's popular to
           | find every possible reason to bag on Musk, but you don't need
           | to resort to disinformation to do it.
        
             | tenuousemphasis wrote:
             | Are you trying to argue that Starlink isn't cut off
             | Ukrainian access? Because they did and it was well
             | documented.
        
           | onethumb wrote:
           | Is that true? This comment suggests otherwise, with
           | citations. https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46351511
        
             | jedimastert wrote:
             | That particular section I have to Wikipedia article seems
             | to have gone through a bunch of anonymous edits back and
             | forth around the content of this citation
             | 
             | https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/sep/07/elon-
             | musk...
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | The beam forming used by Starlink (and Starshield) is highly
         | resistant to jamming. But Starlink doesn't offer service in
         | some countries. And the ground terminals can be detected.
        
         | easyThrowaway wrote:
         | Can't talk for the USA, but it's widely acknowledged that the
         | spread of broadband in Europe was driven by P2P and tools like
         | Emule/eDonkey or BitTorrent.
         | 
         | We need some similar killer application for satellite
         | connectivity and mesh networking. Something that makes the
         | technology so requested and so ubiquitous in such a short time
         | that it couldn't be banned even if they tried.
        
         | symbogra wrote:
         | In Tanzania they went around to hotels during the ban to make
         | sure they didn't have starlink. It's illegal here but many have
         | it. During that time some enterprising individuals charged
         | tourists to access theirs.
        
       | krautburglar wrote:
       | Worship of the eternal steady-state. Whoever speaks against any
       | intervention to preserve it is a heretic, and must be
       | excommunicated.
       | 
       | Whether it's ML training, pentesting, or old-fashioned
       | engineering, we have to throw the occasional curve-ball at our
       | systems in order to improve them. Surprise internet shutdowns are
       | good, even if the ostensible reasons for them are dumb. Maybe
       | people will host more information offline, and become less
       | dependent on cloud services...
        
         | BLKNSLVR wrote:
         | > Surprise internet shutdowns are good
         | 
         | I'll correct that to: Surprise internet outages are good
         | 
         | For the same outcomes though. More and varied methods of
         | contingency.
        
       | BLKNSLVR wrote:
       | Which reminds me that I've let my connection to this group lapse
       | for... about a decade: https://air-stream.org/
       | 
       | Covering Adelaide, South Australia. Such communities should exist
       | in most cities.
        
       | bdcravens wrote:
       | While it may not be practical from a technical perspective, the
       | current US president has suggested shutting down parts of the
       | Internet to ostensibly combat terrorist recruiting.
       | 
       | https://time.com/4150891/republican-debate-donald-trump-inte...
        
         | A4ET8a8uTh0_v2 wrote:
         | Lets be honest about it. There is no political power on this
         | planet that does not see information flow as a vector that
         | needs to be controlled ( and if they don't, sadly, they likely
         | will not remain in power for long.. ). If true, we are just
         | very lucky, it did not happen sooner. In a weird sense, it
         | helps that corporate interests prevent it.
        
           | goku12 wrote:
           | > In a weird sense, it helps that corporate interests prevent
           | it.
           | 
           | As you may be well aware, Arpanet - the original internet -
           | was designed to be resilient against the deliberate targeting
           | of any of its infrastructure nodes. Of course, it had a
           | military objective. But that design was actually useful to
           | the broader humanity too. We could have sticked to a
           | uniformly resilient multilevel mesh design for the entire
           | internet.
           | 
           | I'm sure that many people will object to this notion with
           | multiple potential problems and several anecdotes. This is
           | something that the corporate world always does. They choose
           | and popularize inferior or suboptimal designs that serve
           | their interests and then insist that it is the only way to do
           | it. But we have numerous individual experiments and projects
           | that demonstrate how effective the original mesh design was -
           | bittorrent, wireless meshnets, IPv6 overlay networks, etc. We
           | just had to put enough effort into it to create a singular
           | cohesive resilient network.
           | 
           | We inherited the current mess that we call the internet
           | because several layers of it were centralized to satisfy
           | corporate interests. They are responsible for our current
           | predicament in the first place.
        
             | A4ET8a8uTh0_v2 wrote:
             | You are right. I am not trying to rewrite history, but I
             | also wonder if, had the planners thought the internet would
             | become as big as it is, would they allow it to be as
             | unrestrained as it was at the beginning?
             | 
             | << We inherited the current mess that we call the internet
             | because several layers of it were centralized to satisfy
             | corporate interests. They are responsible for our current
             | predicament in the first place.
             | 
             | Separately, it does open an interesting question. Right now
             | the push is to centralize, _BUT_ lets speculate if they
             | would push for decentralization if it meant it became
             | useful for a different purpose ( solar system internet --
             | assuming private space exploration takes off). I wonder if
             | they would try to cooperate vs force  'their' satellite ( I
             | am assuming a lot now ) communication standard.
        
               | goku12 wrote:
               | > had the planners thought the internet would become as
               | big as it is, would they allow it to be as unrestrained
               | as it was at the beginning?
               | 
               | Interesting question. I think that the arpanet took that
               | design because it started as a research project. The
               | corporations today are unlikely to have ever adopted such
               | a design. I don't know how the corporations back in the
               | day were. And as for the actual planners, the relevant
               | question is if they had any reason to believe that it
               | wouldn't grow so big so fast. We know so many examples
               | where research labs and academia came up with products
               | that are revolutionary. Perhaps they did imagine the
               | possibility and were generous enough?
               | 
               | > Right now the push is to centralize, BUT lets speculate
               | if they would push for decentralization if it meant it
               | became useful for a different purpose. I wonder if they
               | would try to cooperate vs force 'their' satellite
               | communication standard.
               | 
               | That's a very tricky question too. Here's what I think.
               | They would probably cooperate and create an open standard
               | - but only because they want to compete with the dominant
               | player with the first-mover advantage. And that standard
               | would also be so complex that it defeats the purpose of
               | being open, and only they can practically setup anything
               | with it. This is trend that we see widely today - the web
               | standards, kubernetes, bios (or equivalent) firmware,
               | many parts of the Linux software ecosystem, etc. They
               | don't go for the simplest, most logical, orthogonal and
               | easy-to-implement designs, ever.
        
         | immibis wrote:
         | They succeeded. You're linking to something from 2015 so it was
         | about "ISIS", but in 2025 he did manage to censor TikTok so
         | people wouldn't be "recruited" to "Hamas".
        
       | 8bitsrule wrote:
       | According to Gigazine (Osaka, est. 2000), "In 2024, there were
       | 296 internet shutdowns in 54 countries around the world, with
       | Myanmar, India, Pakistan and Russia accounting for about 70% of
       | the total."
       | 
       | https://gigazine.net/gsc_news/en/20250228-internet-shutdowns...
        
       | ezoe wrote:
       | > In the US, for example, shutdowns would be hard to enforce.
       | 
       | Is that really? US government has tanks, bombers, missiles and
       | tactical nukes while "a well regulated Militia" have petty rifles
       | and motolovs.
       | 
       | It's very easy for US government to cause state-wide power
       | blackout, effectively shutdown Internet.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | Tactical nukes are a big no-go, so don't expect them to be ever
         | used for something like this.
        
           | goku12 wrote:
           | Oh! You don't need any of those. I'm sure that they have
           | enough tactical EMP devices to do the job.
           | 
           | PS: ElectroMagnetic Pulse weapons for the TLA-haters here.
        
         | immibis wrote:
         | The US hasn't really won any war for the long term since WW2.
         | It turns out it's hard to change people's opinion by bombing
         | them. Equipment is good at destroying the other sides's
         | factories, and making people afraid of you (though even that's
         | usually done with on-the-ground police boots) but it can't
         | actually make people agree with your side, and in fact, seems
         | to usually have the opposite effect. They can only hold control
         | temporarily as long as they apply massive military pressure. As
         | soon as they let up the pressure, they lose.
         | 
         | It probably has something to do with the strict top-down
         | control structure. It's a Linux vs Microsoft situation. Large
         | organisations, regardless of type, cannot innovate.
        
       | hannukahharry wrote:
       | This is concerning in the comments:
       | 
       | > I suspect most can guess where this mess will end up, and it's
       | not good.
       | 
       | What I read from this is going to sound conspiratorial, but I
       | think it's a valid "read between the lines" of an insider. I
       | think they're saying that they're alarmed that Silicon Valley is
       | supporting the current U.S. administration assuming he's doing
       | what's best for their welfare, while it's clear based on the
       | activities of Iran and others that are practicing working without
       | internet that they are planning on losing internet, which could
       | either be because Iran, Russia, China, or the U.S. itself may
       | plan to sever or disable internet connections (while unsure what
       | would be isolated or disabled) as an act of war or extreme and
       | dangerously naive nationalism.
        
       | g947o wrote:
       | Related: this is an interesting case study
       | https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/15/world/asia/15china.html
        
       | bschne wrote:
       | fun anecdote about Ethiopia doing this to prevent cheating in
       | national exams ---
       | https://x.com/benkuhn/status/1339016975494811649?s=20
        
       | wereHamster wrote:
       | I just recently learned of Meshtastic
       | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meshtastic) and MeshCore
       | (https://meshcore.nz/), which provide a platform for private and
       | group messaging over P2P LoRa. They don't depend on internet,
       | rely on the community to provide routing nodes, and thus harder
       | to block for governments. It's gaining steam in Europe and can
       | already be used for messaging across wide distances. It's slow
       | though, so forget streaming videos or images. It can only carry
       | messages. But that's often enough to coordinate or spread news.
        
         | gzalo wrote:
         | The bad part is that it cannot create a world wide mesh, as has
         | a low max hop limit (7), and the nodes need lines of sight. So
         | more than 200 km in a mostly flat city is almost imposible.
         | 
         | I wish we had an HF ISM band that could be used for this
         | purposes without needing a license, combined with LoRa radios
         | would yield great results
        
         | alnwlsn wrote:
         | In my area there are now just enough Meshtastic nodes that I
         | can (somewhat unreliably) talk between my office and home,
         | about 5 miles.
         | 
         | However, it does heavily relay on the internet for setup and
         | distribution (app stores, or else lots of pip install, git
         | clone, pnpm install, etc.)
         | 
         | I've been working on a virtual machine with all the
         | dependencies preinstalled just so I'll have offline access, and
         | it's surprisingly difficult (though I'm not super familiar with
         | typical webdev stuff). I'd have to think a regular user who
         | really needs to rely on it doesn't stand a chance, which
         | doesn't seem to mesh(ha) that well given how loudly the "off
         | gridness" of it is touted.
         | 
         | Then again, you probably need the internet to be able to obtain
         | the hardware in the first place, but that's another problem.
        
       | donohoe wrote:
       | Its been happening a lot and its becoming more prevalent. This
       | coverage from 2022 is still highly relevant and digs into some
       | details:
       | 
       | https://restofworld.org/2022/blackouts/
        
       | kallo wrote:
       | Ha
        
       | sowbug wrote:
       | The recently released _One Battle After Another_ reinforces the
       | impotence of legal rights against a corrupt government entity. In
       | the situations Schneier envisions, corruption will almost
       | certainly be at play.
        
       | yoan9224 wrote:
       | The normalization of internet shutdowns as a "riot control" tool
       | is deeply concerning, especially given how technically
       | unsophisticated most implementations are. In many cases,
       | governments aren't doing surgical BGP manipulation - they're
       | literally ordering ISPs to turn off infrastructure or block DNS
       | at the national level. This is the equivalent of cutting power to
       | an entire city to stop a protest in one neighborhood.
       | 
       | What's particularly insidious is the asymmetry: governments can
       | coordinate offline through military/police radio while citizens
       | lose all communication infrastructure. The $1.5B average economic
       | impact cited in the article is conservative - it doesn't account
       | for destroyed business relationships, lost international
       | contracts, or long-term reputation damage from being seen as
       | "internet shutdown country."
       | 
       | The technical countermeasures are evolving but limited. Mesh
       | networks like Briar or Bridgefy work peer-to-peer over Bluetooth
       | but have tiny range. Satellite internet (Starlink) requires
       | hardware that's easy to detect/confiscate. eSIM switching only
       | works if neighboring countries' towers reach across borders. The
       | hardest problem is the "last mile" - even if you can get data out
       | via satellite/mesh, how do you distribute it locally when
       | cellular is down?
       | 
       | We need international frameworks treating internet access as
       | critical infrastructure with humanitarian protections, similar to
       | water/electricity during conflicts. The ITU could mandate
       | technical transparency - requiring governments to publicly log
       | shutdown orders with specific geographic/temporal scope rather
       | than blanket national blackouts. That wouldn't prevent shutdowns
       | but would create accountability records.
        
       | indigo945 wrote:
       | It's strange to read so many countries listed in an article about
       | deliberate internet shutdowns, and even India called out as the
       | world's shutdown capitol, and not one mention of China. Internet
       | shutdowns during important political events, or even just
       | national holidays, are common practice in China, have been for
       | decades, and this is widely known. How is it not China that wins
       | the great prize here?
        
       | IceHegel wrote:
       | I'm against internet shutdowns, but I cringe at the phrase
       | "international community." Who does that even include?
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2025-12-22 23:01 UTC)