[HN Gopher] Childhood Friends, Not Moms, Shape Attachment Styles...
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       Childhood Friends, Not Moms, Shape Attachment Styles Most
        
       Author : dnetesn
       Score  : 274 points
       Date   : 2025-11-14 15:11 UTC (8 days ago)
        
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       | _wire_ wrote:
       | Sure, and to whom does a childhood friend first attach?
        
         | cjbarber wrote:
         | Indeed, title should perhaps be: The parents of your kids'
         | friends shape the attachment style of your kids
        
           | bonsai_spool wrote:
           | If you think this is true, why is the variance explained by
           | the parents so low?
        
             | oh_my_goodness wrote:
             | Variance explained by friends was also very low, to be
             | honest.
        
       | lordnacho wrote:
       | > But early friendship bonds played an even bigger part than
       | maternal relationships in the ways people navigated adult
       | friendships and romantic partnerships, accounting for 4 percent
       | of the variance in adults' romantic partner- and best friend-
       | specific attachment anxiety, and 10 to 11 percent in their
       | partner- and best friend-specific avoidance.
       | 
       | Are those numbers r-squared figures? Seems like there's a lot
       | more variance to be explained?
        
         | dash2 wrote:
         | Right. It also suggests two possibilities:
         | 
         | 1. Maybe the measurements are just very noisy. In which case
         | they may also have other biases. 2. Maybe there are systematic
         | causes which the study didn't capture. If so, controlling for
         | them might change the results.
         | 
         | Sigh. When I see a study headline like this I feel confident
         | about two things. First, the study will have a weak design with
         | no serious attention paid to causality, genetic confounding
         | etc... second, the response to it will be full of people going
         | "yes, that fits my N=1 anecdote" or "no that doesn't fit my N=1
         | anecdote", in other words, critiquing the weak methodology with
         | an even weaker methodology (handwaving appeals to personal
         | experience).
         | 
         | One reason social science is hard is there isn't much market
         | for the truth. People just want a nice story to tell
         | themselves.
        
       | pedalpete wrote:
       | My first reaction was to refute this, but I think I've convinced
       | myself this may be correct, assuming attachment styles are the
       | right frame.
       | 
       | I've been painted with the Avoidant brush, and logically it makes
       | sense, broken home, removed from mother, moved regularly changing
       | schools once a year for 5 years.
       | 
       | However, my siblings are the opposite. We come from the same
       | house, they didn't change schools as often as I did, which made
       | me wonder how we could be so different.
       | 
       | But when looked through the lens of friendships forming the
       | attachment style, it makes more sense. I changed schools more
       | often than my siblings, and therefore had more friendship
       | changes, and less ability for attachment.
        
         | interroboink wrote:
         | Also, beware of taking generalities (such as the claims of this
         | study) and applying that directly that to your specific life,
         | or anyone else's.
         | 
         | I mean, I like your comment and am glad you got thinking about
         | this, but it's just a line of reasoning that I see a lot and I
         | wish I saw less, so that's why I bring it up (:
         | 
         | "True for most people" does not imply "true for me" or "true
         | for that person over there".
         | 
         | And the reverse is not valid either, of course - "true for me"
         | does not imply "true for most people."
         | 
         | There's always some tension between people's individual
         | anecdotes and experiences (which are fascinating, and I like),
         | and the claims of broader studies like this one.
         | 
         | Sometimes I try to remind myself of this with the "on average,
         | people have 2.3 children" factoid. Obviously, _nobody_ actually
         | has 2.3 children; the general truth does not necessarily apply
         | to specific individuals; potentially not even a single one.
        
           | pedalpete wrote:
           | 100% agree. I actually think of attachment styles like this
           | generally. Your upbringing does not dictate your life, it
           | influences.
        
         | jcims wrote:
         | Similar story here. Six schools by seventh grade. I think it
         | does mess with you a bit.
        
           | faidit wrote:
           | Same. The only friends that stuck around were people from the
           | internet.
        
           | kimfc wrote:
           | Yeah I'm the same, I think I went to nine schools by the time
           | I went to college in the fall of 2019, most of the school
           | changes happening in elementary school. It really does effect
           | your ability to make friends
        
             | pedalpete wrote:
             | I've found that I don't have trouble making friends, but
             | I've put myself in situations where friendships come and
             | go.
             | 
             | I went from moving around a bunch, and making new friends
             | at each place, to living in Whistler, BC, where you've got
             | an annual turnover of new people, then I settled down in
             | Bondi Beach, Australia, which doesn't have the turnover of
             | Whistler, but not far off.
        
           | bsenftner wrote:
           | Me too, 6 schools by 7th grade, with 3 city moves. I
           | unfortunately had a stutter, which made forming friendships
           | harder, I basically gravitated to the outcasts. And I read a
           | shit ton; by the end of 4th grade I was finishing the entire
           | classic section of the high school library. Reading way over
           | my head, I joined an adult book club and had my first
           | introductions to serious intellectual debates; which really
           | put a distance between my same age peers and my interests. My
           | stutter did not really get under control until my mid 20's.
        
         | cheesecompiler wrote:
         | The family is a system, with different roles played by each
         | participant. For instance, in toxic families, there is often
         | one scapegoat, with an anxious attachment style, that affords
         | the avoidant types in the family to participate in delusions.
         | 
         | What are the dynamics like of everyone in your family?
        
           | softsound wrote:
           | Wow that explains a lot
        
           | elbear wrote:
           | I wanted to say the same: parents don't treat all children
           | the same. For example, I have the feeling that the first
           | child is the "practice" child. The parents learn from the
           | mistakes made with them and don't repeat them with the
           | children that follow. I don't know if there's any research to
           | back this up and yes, I am a first born.
        
             | thisislife2 wrote:
             | I've observed the same - unfortunately, first time parents
             | are forced to try out all kinds of parenting experiments on
             | their first-born, before they figure out how to be "good"
             | parents. And subsequent kids, especially if they have them
             | after some gap, get the benefit of this experience. Add to
             | the woes of the first-born, they not only have to deal with
             | normal sibling jealousy (of having to share their parents
             | affection), but also resolve the emotional issue of why
             | their younger siblings have an "easier" time (i.e. why
             | their parents treat them "differently").
        
             | toxik wrote:
             | I think sequel kids, more than anything, benefit from
             | having a trailblazer to refer to. It's no doubt true that
             | parents get better at the job, but kids learn from
             | demonstration. Older sibling is hypersensitive and has a
             | hard time keeping friends around -> I better learn to
             | swallow my pride. That kind of thing.
        
           | balamatom wrote:
           | Remember how the modern "nucular" household is largely based
           | on a modernization of the Roman patriarchal property
           | distribution model, where the oldest male was ascribed the
           | identities of all members of his household, and vice versa?
           | 
           | That must've been extremely efficient for legal and
           | accounting purposes, once. But, well, the only theory of mind
           | anyone could develop in such circumstances involves grinding
           | minds into fine paste. (There's a reason the Stoics are
           | "seeing" an AI-driven resurgence, even though what'd be most
           | appropriate for their target audience is probably again
           | Skinner.)
           | 
           | Remember how a great deal of how we live our "personal" lives
           | was invented in a slaveholding state which mandated belief in
           | gods and demons. And the rest in another.
           | 
           | We are taught to consider all of this legacy cultural
           | structure in terms of "haha how quaintly did people live
           | 1000-2000-3000 years ago, were they stupid". Yet most of it
           | lives on in some marginally altered form due to sheer global
           | force of habit.
           | 
           | Take Western human naming schemes for example: does your
           | government permit you to change your name? do you inherit one
           | or both granddads' names? do you get a patronym? extra
           | personal names? are you also the security force for a place,
           | like a Freiherr de So-and-So? and at what exact number of
           | levels of recursive self-reflection does the word "person"
           | stop meaning the role played, and starts meaning the human
           | playing it?
           | 
           | (When you're done with "identity", continue with "time-
           | keeping" and begin to understand another psychological
           | phenomenon causing much suffering - people's generalized
           | inability to discern cause and effect.)
           | 
           | The name - the sound through which individuals are
           | conditioned to respond to the concepts of selfhood and
           | identity (Foobert Barber Baznix! you come here right this
           | instant! it is not me but you who is sleepy and hungry!) - is
           | one of many such extremely arbitrary implementation details.
           | 
           | Out of those emerges the thing sold to us by our caregivers
           | and educators as "normal life" before we are able to know any
           | better. That's the main way "primary socialization" has ever
           | worked: a non-consensual intergenerational transmission of
           | habits that have as much to do with self-soothing in the face
           | of mortality as with practical concerns; in the end they just
           | ascribe "imaginariness" to your memories of your mind being
           | wiped, and the "you" is ready to go.
           | 
           | Now, in the context of all those vague and admittedly
           | entirely hypothetical "implementation details", proceed to
           | imagine the troop of clothed primates not as a flat list of
           | incidental blood relations, but as a dynamic system, a living
           | group of conscious things; if you're feeling particularly
           | scifi - a sort of distributed organism. What would be the
           | purpose of the scapegoat organ in that organism? Do
           | individual primates have an equivalent organ in their bodies?
           | (Probably not the one you're thinking of but also a valid
           | guess)
        
             | imtringued wrote:
             | There is no purpose of the scapegoat organ. This is one of
             | the biggest fallacies people have with regards to natural
             | selection and economics.
             | 
             | Standard neoclassical economics theory tells people that
             | they have perfect foresight and know the
             | configuration/structure of all future possibilities. In
             | other words, there are no unknown unknowns. You know
             | everything you don't know yet.
             | 
             | People have the same belief with regards to natural
             | selection being efficient. It just seemingly chooses the
             | most efficient organisms.
             | 
             | In reality there is a developmental process with no
             | guarantee of optimality or progress toward optimality. It
             | is possible to get stuck in local maxima and it takes
             | activation energy to get out of it.
             | 
             | The scapegoat organ exists because the perceived marginal
             | cost of fixing and investigating an incident or problem is
             | considered more expensive than deflecting blame.
             | 
             | The Iranians destroyed their water supply with scapegoats
             | so trying to find a purpose in the scapegoat organ seems
             | pretty insane. It's more like a weakness that leadership
             | does not have a complete picture of the problems that its
             | people are facing. You could argue that scapegoating is an
             | expression of a lack of power. You have just enough power
             | to blame others, but not enough to solve the problem.
        
       | shalmanese wrote:
       | We've known roughly this since The Nurture Assumption (1998).
       | Where parents do have an impact is in being able to choose the
       | social circles their children are immersed in.
        
         | maxerickson wrote:
         | The discussion of toddlers more or less code switching is quite
         | interesting.
         | 
         | Once they have a sense of self, even little kids will be very
         | careful about revealing their home life to their school
         | friends, and the same about school to their parents.
        
           | brabel wrote:
           | Haha I can see myself in that. I was terrified of my mom
           | knowing what my school social life was like as I felt
           | terribly embarrassed that some kids made fun of me and things
           | like that.
        
       | Terr_ wrote:
       | Potentially worrisome news for the pandemic-isolation cohort,
       | with their outlier experience.
        
         | makeitdouble wrote:
         | Potentially beneficial as well, if they had less toxicity
         | and/or had stronger family bonds than otherwise.
         | 
         | There's so many variable, I think we can only say they could be
         | different, who knows if t will be for better or worse, or
         | neither.
        
           | sishabsb wrote:
           | While technically correct, painting these outcomes as so
           | close to equally likely that we can't make a call is
           | sinister.
           | 
           | Locking people in their homes and away from social
           | interactions for years amidst the background of a pandemic is
           | almost certainly a net negative. We do similar things to
           | violent prisoners, mentally insane, or humans we're looking
           | to break.
           | 
           | There should be an extremely high risk for the next pandemic
           | - not just boomers/obese dying a year or two earlier - to
           | justify what we did to the world. Years of people's lives
           | taken.
        
       | ivan_ah wrote:
       | Direct link to study abstract:
       | https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2026-79270-001
       | 
       | PDF: https://psycnet.apa.org/fulltext/2026-79270-001.pdf
        
       | DFHippie wrote:
       | In general your kids' friends are much more important to them in
       | the long run than you are. You are always there, but their
       | friends represent the society they will be sinking or swimming
       | in. They turn away from you and your tastes and opinions for a
       | reason: their survival depends on understanding the tastes and
       | opinions of their peers. You will stick with them (usually).
       | Their peers are free to abandon them. Peer relationships are
       | fragile but important. Parent-child relationships, however
       | important, are much more durable, so they require less attention
       | from the child.
        
         | DFHippie wrote:
         | To elaborate a bit: your parenting is much more likely to
         | affect how your kids parent their kids. And, for better or for
         | worse, mostly what they'll be doing is avoiding the mistakes
         | you made. Your mom was distant and judgmental? You'll be super
         | attentive and supportive, assuming your kids need what you
         | wanted. And quite likely you'll overshoot the mark and set up a
         | pitfall your kids will avoid when it's their turn. And they
         | will then overshoot the mark. The cycle of parenting. Hakuna
         | Matata.
        
           | KerrAvon wrote:
           | Is this anecdata/personal folklore/"common sense" or is this
           | based on science? It sounds like the former, tbh. Things tend
           | to be more complex than this.
        
             | arjie wrote:
             | I suspect it's the former, but it doesn't seem outrageous
             | (like all "common sense"). I think the hard part is to
             | replicate the parts one's parents did right. Like IT, when
             | someone gets things right, they're invisible. When they get
             | things wrong, it seems like the only thing they ever did.
             | This is part of why I want my children's grandparents
             | involved as much as possible in their life. I need to
             | \alpha \times \grandparents + (1 - \alpha) \times \parents
             | my kids.
        
             | DFHippie wrote:
             | I think it's pretty obviously me pontificating from
             | personal observations. Did you see the "hakuna matata"?
             | We're allowed to do that here.
             | 
             | And yes, sure, it's more complicated than that. It's always
             | more complicated. It's unlikely the final word on any topic
             | will fit in an HN comment.
        
       | kappi wrote:
       | duplicate post of https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45790575
        
       | bonsai_spool wrote:
       | Here's another report that speaks with the researchers directly
       | 
       | https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-childhood-rel...
       | 
       | And the paper:
       | 
       | https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2026-79270-001
        
       | voidfunc wrote:
       | Didn't really have friends as a kid, probably explains why I
       | prefer the cold glow of a computer.
        
         | nrhrjrjrjtntbt wrote:
         | Know what you mean
        
         | 64718283661 wrote:
         | Same, so what should one do if AI ruins it? It hasn't yet. It's
         | not good enough, but with the amount of money pouring in I
         | think it could be cracked within 5 years. I hope not.. Coding
         | with AI ruins the enjoyment. And willfully falling behind
         | others using tools to be better than anyone without it isn't
         | good either. I enjoy computers because my skill level is high
         | enough that I can make money on my own and do what I want by
         | using my skills to beat competitors. My research and
         | experiments are meaningful because it is not all so trivial and
         | instantly replicable yet.
        
           | nrhrjrjrjtntbt wrote:
           | Get a 6502 acorn and write assembly
        
         | Aeolun wrote:
         | Not sure this is generalizable. I had lots of friends as a kid.
         | Still prefer the computer :)
        
       | makeitdouble wrote:
       | On the participants composition:
       | 
       | > 705 participants and their families over 3 decades, from the
       | time participants were infants until they were approximately 30
       | years old (Mage = 28.6, SD = 1.2; 78.7% White, non-Hispanic,
       | 53.6% female, 46.4% male).
       | 
       | It looks like an a fairly culturally homogeneous pannel, it would
       | be interesting to also have a breakdown on religion (especially
       | due to the communal effects) and income.
        
         | makeitdouble wrote:
         | From https://psycnet.apa.org/manuscript/2026-79270-001.pdf
         | 
         | The income data: ------------------------------ Student status
         | Part-time 34 (4.9%) Full-time 61 (8.7%) Employment Part-time,
         | for pay 85 (12.1%) Full-time, for pay 516 (73.7%) Individual
         | income <US $10,000 78 (11.1%) US $10,000-$29,999 167 (23.9%) US
         | $30,000-$49,999 179 (25.6%) US $50,000-$99,999 213 (30.4%) US
         | $100,000+ 63 (9.0%) Household income <US $20,000 75 (10.8%) US
         | $20,000-$49,999 163 (23.5%) US $50,000-$99,999 248 (35.7%) US
         | $100,000-$149,999 126 (18.1%) US $150,000+ 83 (11.9%)
        
       | djmips wrote:
       | I've observed children who have had tremendous close friends in
       | childhood but were unable to recreate that in adulthood.
       | Sometimes it's easier to make friends when you're 5.
        
         | herpdyderp wrote:
         | I'd still rather be friends with a bunch of 5 year olds.
         | (Unfortunately everyone would probably think that's super
         | creepy.)
        
           | kayodelycaon wrote:
           | It's really sad that that's considered creepy.
           | 
           | I got a lot of flak for going to a high school play in my
           | late twenties. I had played D&D with the kid and his mom
           | every week for years. He was great to hang out with when he
           | was 14.
        
             | ryandrake wrote:
             | The whole country is engrossed in a decade+ long "pedo
             | panic" to the point where you can't support a friend's kid
             | by attending a school play, take them for ice cream, or
             | (sometimes) even take your own child to the park without
             | getting the side-eye from nosey nobodies.
        
           | Aeolun wrote:
           | Kids in that age range are uncomplicated. The only thing they
           | really desire is that you play with them. They just don't
           | consider anything beyond that.
           | 
           | But it seems hard for many adults to play with children, so
           | it becomes this anomalous thing, even though I'm fairly
           | certain it's just something we've convinced ourselves adults
           | "don't do".
           | 
           | Tag is still fun, whether you are 7 or 37.
        
         | 0_____0 wrote:
         | There's a joke here...
         | 
         | Q: How do you make friends in Boston? A: Same way everyone else
         | does. In kindergarten.
        
           | brabel wrote:
           | This would be very apt for Scandinavia too.
        
             | 0_____0 wrote:
             | Seems like some of these sayings get around
             | 
             | "We've got two seasons: summer and construction" - do you
             | have that one too?
        
           | theGnuMe wrote:
           | Minnesota as well.
        
         | Broken_Hippo wrote:
         | Adults actually have to work at making new friends and few get
         | any tips on how to go about doing so. I honestly didn't really
         | get any until my late 30s or 40s - and that was mostly because
         | I moved to Norway and for some folks, loneliness and lacking
         | connections is a real issue.
         | 
         | Children have school. School gives you a shared experience to
         | talk about and time to talk to others, both through actual
         | coursework and play. Children are handed the tools to possibly
         | make friends and they aren't even old enough to have decades of
         | baggage and anxiety yet.
         | 
         | As an adult, you have to create those conditions. For many,
         | work serves this role. Hobbies and regular activities (bowling,
         | for example) help. Depending on the person, it can be online
         | (Met my spouse this way - a silly online game back in the later
         | text-based, formulaic MMORPG era). And you are a lot busier as
         | an adult with more responsibilities filling your time. Of
         | course it is harder as an adult.
        
       | kayodelycaon wrote:
       | I think it's a bit more general than that because I didn't have
       | any "childhood friends", just bullies who were never punished.
       | 
       | What I did have was a great number of excellent adults in my
       | life. In many ways, they were more my peers than anyone my own
       | age.
       | 
       | Their example and support made my parents instruction
       | significantly more effective despite the serious challenges with
       | my mental health that they didn't know how to handle.
        
       | taurath wrote:
       | No, one study doesn't upend the last few decades of understanding
       | of emotional attachment.
       | 
       | The study simply says that ability to connect w friends is more
       | predictive than observations they made of apparent attachment of
       | parents.
       | 
       | This happens much later so of course it's more predictive of the
       | actual end effects - that's when attachment styles actually show
       | up for the first time. Kids grow up to be very adaptive toward
       | their parents but when they get to the rest of society that's
       | when the failures of connection and the failed bids for attention
       | show up.
       | 
       | A very resilient kid will do fine with friends even with a very
       | bad attachment environment. A very sensitive kid or one with
       | developmental problems will struggle in social environments.
        
         | parpfish wrote:
         | One study doesn't definitively prove anything, but this is a 30
         | year longitudinal analysis with 700 participants. It's way
         | bigger than a typical study
        
           | pfannkuchen wrote:
           | > ability to connect w friends is more predictive than
           | observations they made of apparent attachment of parents
           | 
           | So for comparing studies all measuring this^, yes that's
           | true. But there could be a flaw in the methodology here,
           | where their observations of parents and interpretation
           | thereof may not be predictive even while the totality of
           | parent behavior is.
        
           | taurath wrote:
           | The study itself doesn't say anything of the sort that the
           | article title and this thread title do.
           | 
           | I gaurantee you that if you polled any number of therapists
           | what people's hangups are about it would be more likely to be
           | the parents. Everyone I know is an inheritor of some
           | significant amount of their family's generational trauma.
        
             | pbhjpbhj wrote:
             | Tiny anecdote - it was only after being a parent for a
             | decade or so that, when doing family history, I realised
             | that my dad's parenting style -- which influenced my own so
             | much -- was affected by being essentially fatherless; he
             | had no direct model to base his own parenting on. WWII
             | affecting children's upbringing ~70 years later.
             | 
             | I think he did a great job when I was younger, but we
             | haven't maintained a strong bond as adults (which is my
             | fault as much as anything); something I want to try and
             | change with my own children.
        
               | bravura wrote:
               | Call your father. And just chit chat for ten minutes.
        
             | ajkjk wrote:
             | I could see childhood friends mattering a lot precisely
             | because it's the thing that can save you from the problems
             | with your parents.
             | 
             | Bad parents but good early friendships=turn out ok=don't
             | show up in the data. Bad parents and bad early friendships
             | = have it rough, show up in the data. The parents are the
             | cause but the correlation to early friendships is even
             | stronger because of the mediating effect.
        
             | owenversteeg wrote:
             | >if you polled any number of therapists what people's
             | hangups are about it would be more likely to be the
             | parents. Everyone I know is an inheritor of some
             | significant amount of their family's generational trauma.
             | 
             | I completely agree.
             | 
             | The study looked at "individual differences in general
             | attachment anxiety and avoidance in adulthood, as well as
             | adults' relationship-specific attachment orientations in
             | each of their close relationships" - each quantified. Of
             | course, the study isn't about the source of trauma, but I
             | don't think you can quantify any of these things - the
             | source of trauma, the source of anxiety, or the source of
             | attachment styles.
             | 
             | Imagine you have a very frugal parent. Maybe that early
             | influence makes you a big spender. Maybe it makes you
             | cheap. Maybe you spend normally, but you're always anxious
             | about not having enough. The same goes for other parental
             | influence, good or bad. How does something like that show
             | up on a chart? You can't quantify it and you can't
             | generalize it.
             | 
             | That said: I do think your early friendships and early
             | relationships are full of useful hints. There are a lot of
             | things caused by your parents that might be camouflaged
             | (e.x. because the parents are older) that your own early
             | friendships and relationships reveal.
        
           | Den_VR wrote:
           | Can you link the study itself? What are the demographics of
           | the participants like, the usual that's clustered on one
           | culture?
        
         | jonahx wrote:
         | Also, even the proposed effect is modest:
         | 
         | > But early friendship bonds played an even bigger part than
         | maternal relationships in the ways people navigated adult
         | friendships and romantic partnerships, accounting for 4 percent
         | of the variance in adults' romantic partner- and best friend-
         | specific attachment anxiety, and 10 to 11 percent in their
         | partner- and best friend-specific avoidance.
         | 
         | Just slightly less modest that analogous parental predictors,
         | according to their claims.
        
         | scrubs wrote:
         | I'm not a psychologist or psychiatrist. My observation is the
         | more difficult cases of attachment in important adult
         | relationships esp. partner/spouse is far more impacted by
         | parents and their relationship than friends.
         | 
         | This doesn't gain say that in the ages of 15 to say 35 peer
         | interactions are not there or impactful to the worse or better
         | but extremes in the nuclear family are not to be
         | underestimated.
        
           | hooskerdu wrote:
           | It could be said that for any of us to think we could
           | understand - with such a relatively short and still arguably
           | shoddy understanding of the mind - or especially could say...
           | is possibly insane.
        
             | scrubs wrote:
             | Not sure what you're after in that comment. The entire
             | description of mind is maybe not shoddy but definitely high
             | level functional meaning it always comes with a Chinese
             | menu of if/and/but on a scale of emphasis in linear
             | combination with other facets.
             | 
             | Attachment modalities as far as I can see describes some
             | human dynamics.
        
         | puppymaster wrote:
         | also given the psychology field research replication crisis, I
         | would wait to see if this research can be replicated down the
         | road.
        
         | aidenn0 wrote:
         | My own anecdotal experience matches this.
         | 
         | I have a (now adult) child who was diagnosed with Reactive
         | Attachment Disorder. She changed friends every 6 months,
         | burning bridges behind her. She also cultivated the least-
         | healthy friendships possible in whatever environment she found
         | herself in.
        
           | baconbrand wrote:
           | How is she doing now?
        
             | aidenn0 wrote:
             | Pretty well, all things considered.
        
           | balamatom wrote:
           | What was the etiology?
        
             | aidenn0 wrote:
             | Entered foster care at 2 due to abuse and neglect; we were
             | her fourth placement in 7 months; weekly mandated visits
             | with neglectful mother and monthly mandated visits with
             | abusive grandmother for 2 years before termination of
             | parental rights. She had nightmares until 3am after every
             | visit with grandmother. We adopted her at 5.
        
         | popalchemist wrote:
         | Bingo. This kind of science reporting is the worst.
        
         | cyanydeez wrote:
         | That history: women are to blame
        
         | standardUser wrote:
         | It kind of makes sense. We don't go out into the world thinking
         | "ok, time to meet more my moms!". We can't treat anyone else
         | like our mom, and vice versa. The mother-child relationship is
         | probably the most important and influential for most people,
         | but it's a complete anomaly. Friends are not an anomaly, their
         | pretty typical, and since Mom and Dad are not friends, a young
         | child has learned very little firsthand about friendship until
         | it happens. Then they have some experiences with those friends
         | and those experiences become better predictors of future
         | attachment style than the dynamic with the mother. This makes
         | sense because in the realm of friends, these are their
         | formative experiences. Mom may have had an impact (and does
         | according to the study), but the bigger influence on how you
         | deal with future friends is in how you experienced your
         | formative friends.
        
           | em-bee wrote:
           | i didn't start having friends until i entered university. and
           | i spent my whole life searching for the kind of relationship
           | that i wanted but didn't get from my parents. only a few
           | years ago i realized that this is what i was searching for,
           | and then i finally found it by realizing that i could be the
           | parent to my kids that i had wanted my parents to be to me.
           | my actual parents are more like friends to me than parents.
        
         | hopelite wrote:
         | Are you familiar with what the understanding is that
         | differentiates/causes (very) sensitive vs (very) resilient
         | kids, and whether and how that can be modulated in children or
         | even the effects of it overcome in adults?
         | 
         | I believe this is and will continue to be a growing issue as
         | things like helicopter parenting and extremely anxious social
         | dynamics, which were only exacerbated through the psychological
         | abuse of the pandemic, starts becoming ever more dominant in
         | society. I myself am a bit taken aback sometimes when taking to
         | younger people and people who grew up in America specifically,
         | and their expressed disbelief and exacerbation about totally
         | normal things like, e.g., children walking to and from school
         | or playing outdoors unsupervised until dusk.
         | 
         | I don't know if there is a short term solution outside of
         | individual or small group choice as long as our societies are
         | being ravaged by a ruling class that is making everything worse
         | and more dangerous by the day, but I find the topic both
         | intriguing as well as sad and foreboding.
        
         | tootie wrote:
         | I read the same conclusion in a NurtureShock published 15 years
         | ago and they cited similar studies.
        
       | webspinner wrote:
       | i probably spent more time at my friend's houses, than at my
       | parents house when I was a kid!
        
       | throwattached wrote:
       | In case this can be helpful to somebody else, I spent my
       | ~twenties ignorant of what attachment styles were, while
       | definitely exhibiting some very, very obvious attachment
       | patterns. And I made a lot of mistakes, and made a lot of people
       | close to me sad.
       | 
       | Reading the "Attached" book was a huge wake-up call. According to
       | the questionnaire, for what it's worth, I was exhibiting ~100%
       | avoidant behavior.
       | 
       | This led to therapy, and to a lot of atonement, and growth.
       | 
       | I just came here to say - if you have a minute, give it a read.
       | And for fun, try the questionnaire:
       | 
       | https://archive.org/details/AttachementTheory/page/n37/mode/...
       | 
       | Best of luck
        
         | boje wrote:
         | I skimmed through it. Note that this book was written right
         | before Tinder launched (2012), which might have skewed the
         | demographic data points found in this edition (2010). Although
         | dating apps have definitely existed before then, that (and
         | popular internet adoption) have by far been the most
         | influential to society at large.
        
       | CTDOCodebases wrote:
       | I think it just boils down to who did you experience strong
       | emotion with and what are/were the outcomes of that relationship.
        
       | mandown2308 wrote:
       | From personal experience, I would say that's quite true.
        
       | jweir wrote:
       | And moms are the gate keeps of their kids friends.
        
       | mvkel wrote:
       | There's a whole book on this called "Hold On To Your Kids." It
       | feels a little hand-wavy, categorically dismissing all social
       | media as evil, but the core message feels right: don't stop being
       | a parent.
        
       | iambateman wrote:
       | They didn't find any effect of fathers on attachment style and
       | I'm confused...I've heard countless stories about how it's hard
       | for people to connect as adults because of how their dad was
       | toward them.
        
         | accrual wrote:
         | IMO in these kinds of studies you can interchange
         | mother/father/<primary caregiver>. One can be traumatized by
         | any caregiver regardless of gender if they're the primary
         | adult.
        
       | benrawk wrote:
       | The title is false, the study finds that moms have a large impact
       | on attachment style
        
       | exe34 wrote:
       | I believe this is called the post-treatment bias. If the causal
       | arrow goes (mother-baby) -> (child-friends) -> (adult-attachment)
       | and you include the middle one, you have already controlled for
       | the first, and the effect disappears. Learning about the first
       | tells you very little more once you have learnt the second.
        
         | toxik wrote:
         | In statistics we call it "conditional independence", attachment
         | style is independent from maternal relationship if we know
         | childhood friendship outcomes.
        
           | exe34 wrote:
           | yep the book statistical rethinking puts it that way too.
        
       | reliablereason wrote:
       | Attachment Styles is a very low dimensional way of observing
       | something that has very high dimensionally.
       | 
       | When people use this type of dimensionality reduction you get
       | problematic outcomes.
       | 
       | This type of phenomena will always keep happening. The world is
       | complex and perceptually high dimensional. We try to understand
       | it(the world) using low dimensional concepts and when those low
       | dimensional concepts have low validity issues arise.
        
       | lkbm wrote:
       | From the study abstract:
       | 
       | > Early levels of mother-child relationship quality predicted
       | individual differences in general attachment anxiety and
       | avoidance in adulthood, as well as adults' relationship-specific
       | attachment orientations in each of their close relationships,
       | including with their mothers, fathers, romantic partners, and
       | best friends (median R2 = 3% for attachment anxiety and avoidance
       | across relationship domains).[0]
       | 
       | Hmmm...
       | 
       | [0] https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2026-79270-001
        
       | biff1 wrote:
       | Since the 60's people have wanted to revise the nurture side of
       | psychology to downplay the role of mothers, but the reality is as
       | everyone has always known, it _is_ the mothers. Sure, there's
       | also biology and trauma. But Iften the trauma is related to
       | interaction with the parents. Also, biology is shared most of the
       | time by the parent, so bipolar mothers tend to have bipolar
       | children.
       | 
       | Anyway, people have mothers before they have friends. Our first
       | relationships become a template for subsequent ones. I feel
       | embarrassed for the authors and the field more generally that
       | such an obvious fact is not obvious enough to prevent absurd
       | claims. As with most things in our society, blame the 60's and
       | all that came from it.
        
       | jamesalvarez wrote:
       | The Nautil.us article misrepresents the findings of the paper,
       | suggesting that it said anything about a causal effect. The title
       | 'Childhood Friends, Not Moms, Shape Attachment Styles Most' is
       | completely inacurrate and not even hinted at by the study authors
       | in the paper.
        
       | popalchemist wrote:
       | The science on parental influence is well documented. This
       | research may be onto something new - an additional layer of
       | influence. But the personality begins to be formed by extrinsic
       | influences within months of being born. Which is to say, it
       | precedes the stage at which you have the ability to make friends.
       | 
       | The relevant research is called "The Strange Situation" by Beebe.
       | The research spanned decades with the same subjects. The
       | universal predictor of adulthood outcomes (relationships,
       | lifestyle, income, drug use, etc) was whether the mother was
       | attentive and capable of attuning to the child.
        
         | dboreham wrote:
         | Obviously it's the sum of all training data, so comes from the
         | available sources. Typically that would mostly be the mother
         | but it depends.
        
           | popalchemist wrote:
           | Incorrect assumption, we do not remain equally plastic /
           | malleable in all domains across the entirety of our life.
           | Attachment style crystallizes around 18 months. Trauma can
           | re-open the issue later in life, but the personality builds
           | in layers, with relationship to primary caretaker (usually
           | mom) being a cornerstone.
        
       | tehjoker wrote:
       | am i reading this right that the effect size is 4%? how does this
       | say anything?
        
       | pessimizer wrote:
       | Wouldn't they, if you limited the study to the last 30 years
       | during which mothers barely got to see their kids because of
       | work? If you check 30 years from now it will be "Favorite Video
       | Games and Internet Personalities, Not Childhood Friends, Shape
       | Attachment Styles Most"
        
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