[HN Gopher] Europe bets once again on RISC-V for supercomputing
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Europe bets once again on RISC-V for supercomputing
        
       Author : muxamilian
       Score  : 160 points
       Date   : 2025-03-09 17:04 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theregister.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theregister.com)
        
       | mrweasel wrote:
       | If we want this to go anywhere, not just super computing, the
       | first step is to get devices, useful devices, in the hands of
       | enthusiast. That means funding projects similar to the Raspberry
       | Pi, but for RISC-V, and perhaps mini-itx boards.
       | 
       | We need these cheap-ish computers in the hands of people who will
       | port software to the platform. Without a good selection of ready
       | to go software, the hardware is pretty irrelevant.
        
         | markus_zhang wrote:
         | Yup. We need hobbyists to bootstrap the process. Preferably in
         | schools too.
         | 
         | I know there is Orange Pi Riscv but maybe there are other cheap
         | hardwares.
        
         | tux1968 wrote:
         | https://milkv.io/duo
         | 
         | Gives you something to play around with, very inexpensively.
         | 
         | But really, virtual machines may be preferable; at least to get
         | started.
        
           | hulitu wrote:
           | > But really, virtual machines may be preferable; at least to
           | get started.
           | 
           | And what shall one emulate in a VM ? A nonexisting physical
           | processor ? /s
        
             | tux1968 wrote:
             | https://www.qemu.org/docs/master/system/target-riscv.html
        
             | XorNot wrote:
             | Wouldn't this be ideal though? Emulate the processor we'd
             | like to have and work backwards to see if it can be built?
        
             | Yoric wrote:
             | I'm almost certain that this is exactly how it works in
             | processor design. You start building your compiler before
             | the processor is finished, and test it with the emulator.
             | 
             | At least, in quantum computing, that's how it works.
        
         | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
         | I posted this link to HN not very long ago:
         | https://liliputing.com/orange-pi-rv2-is-a-single-board-pc-wi...
         | 
         | Discussion here: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43309376
        
         | Palomides wrote:
         | 98% of debian packages build for riscv already, and a variety
         | of pi like boards are available
        
         | anotherhue wrote:
         | The framework main board is surely that?
         | 
         | https://frame.work/products/deep-computing-risc-v-mainboard
        
           | littlestymaar wrote:
           | Awesome, thanks for sharing that.
        
           | camel-cdr wrote:
           | No it's not. For HPC good software support for the vector
           | extension is basically everything that matters, and the
           | framework main board doesn't support that extension.
           | 
           | I would currently recommend the BananaPI BPI-F3 or the
           | OrangePI RV2 for that purpose, as they both have the same
           | SpacemiT X60 cores, which support the vector extension.
           | 
           | Sadly there are currently only in-order cores with RVV
           | support available. Getting a cheap out-of-order
           | implementation is the next most important thing for improving
           | software support.
           | 
           | Tenstorrent has announced they will release a 8x Ascalon
           | devboard and laptop next year:
           | https://youtu.be/ttQtC1dQqwo?t=1035
        
             | knorker wrote:
             | Thank you! I've been waiting for a viable RVV board for a
             | long time. Just ordered the OrangePi RV2.
             | 
             | This unblocks me properly working to optimize for vector
             | support in software. OOO and even wider RVV registers will
             | then automatically speed things up, without even a
             | recompile.
             | 
             | Yes, I know I could use qemu, but it's not the same. I feel
             | like this is what unblocks me on the software side.
        
         | marssaxman wrote:
         | Such things have existed for several years already! Here are
         | some examples:
         | https://sifive.com/boards/hifive-premier-p550
         | https://sifive.com/boards/hifive1-rev-b
         | https://www.beagleboard.org/boards/beaglev-fire
         | https://starfivetech.com/en/site/boards
         | https://milkv.io/docs/duo/getting-started/duo256m
         | 
         | There is even a Raspberry Pi model which includes two RISC-V
         | cores alongside its ARM cores:
         | https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/rp2350/
        
           | Levitating wrote:
           | Milk-V has much more than the duo. I have a few of their
           | products and they're very cool!
           | 
           | The biggest problem with them is software. Many boards only
           | have buildroot SDKs or niche and outdated. Fedora related
           | images.
           | 
           | Though if you're experienced you can port your own linux
           | distributions to these boards.
        
             | nine_k wrote:
             | But Duo is a device in the form factor of Arduino Nano that
             | can run actual Linux (the 256MB RAM version at least). It's
             | quite a leap.
        
       | matt-p wrote:
       | Surely arm is a better choice?
        
         | daveguy wrote:
         | RISC-V is an open standard. ARM still needs to be licensed.
         | 
         | The world is abandoning rent seekers.
        
           | briandear wrote:
           | Is ARM better than RiSC? How many RISC computers can I go buy
           | right now at the local Carrefour here in Barcelona? Weird
           | definition of "abandoning."
        
             | daveguy wrote:
             | Both ARM and RISC-V are Reduced Instruction Set Compute
             | (RISC) instead of Complex Instruction Set Compute (CISC aka
             | x86) architectures. So it's more about the tooling that
             | makes one better than the other. And like all open source,
             | the tooling will be better over time as people and
             | organizations recognize they get more back out of
             | contributing to open systems.
        
               | tgv wrote:
               | That's way too optimistic. If it's like "all open
               | source," it will have some improvements, forks and then
               | nothing. There are only so many people who can contribute
               | to chip development, and they all have jobs.
        
               | daveguy wrote:
               | Wait. I thought the Musk-Trump regime was going to usher
               | in a glorious post-scarcity economy based on the genius
               | and purity of crypto?
        
             | 6SixTy wrote:
             | RISC-V is probably no different than ARM at it's core.
             | Also, both of them are RISC ISAs.
             | 
             | Right now, you are far more likely to use RISC-V and not
             | know it than to knowingly interact with RISC-V directly.
             | For example, since about 2015, Nvidia has used RISC-V as an
             | onboard controller for their GPUs.
        
               | 3eb7988a1663 wrote:
               | Western Digital also announced they were looking (have
               | already?) to move to RISC-V.
               | 
               | If you manufacture items at scale, getting away from ARM
               | licensing costs per unit makes financial sense.
               | Especially if you already have in-house expertise who can
               | design chips tuned to your specific requirements.
        
             | timeon wrote:
             | I'm not native English speaker but I think that the current
             | and near situation in local Carrefour would be influenced
             | by "abandoned" rather than "abandoning".
        
         | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
         | Depends on what criteria you use for "better". ARM is surely
         | more advanced technologically, but RISC-V may be a more future-
         | proof decision as you're not necessarily tied in to one company
         | that may change their licensing costs in the future.
        
         | johnnyjeans wrote:
         | Not if your goal is to decouple from the US.
        
           | CharlesW wrote:
           | ARM Holdings is a subsidiary of SoftBank Group, and so not a
           | US company. In what other sense is it coupled with the US?
        
         | nabla9 wrote:
         | ISA differences are very small. Not enough choose one over
         | another when there are more important issues at stake.
        
         | boredatoms wrote:
         | The EU is better off trying to build a local capability, riscv
         | is the best bet as you dont need an architecture/ISA license or
         | dependencies on geopolitics
        
         | 6SixTy wrote:
         | Choosing RISC-V here is more about how much soverienty a
         | country has over the IP than anything else here. The US can
         | probably consider most-all ARM IP to be dual use technology and
         | immediately deny use of it.
         | 
         | RISC-V being based out of Switzerland, the ISA being under a
         | permissive Creative Commons license, and most software tools
         | being FOSS is definitely why it's being adopted here. It's
         | completely isolated from all geopolitics.
        
           | 3836293648 wrote:
           | And non-Apple Silicon is British?
        
             | turtletontine wrote:
             | ARM Holdings is British. Anyone making ARM cores (Apple,
             | Qualcomm, Amazon's Graviton...) is paying licensing fees to
             | a British company.
             | 
             | Arm even tried to cancel Qualcomm's licensing agreement
             | back in the fall. Using RISC V entirely circumvents not
             | only royalty payments, but legal battles like that
             | (frivolous or not).
        
           | Someone wrote:
           | > The US can probably consider most-all ARM IP to be dual use
           | technology and immediately deny use of it.
           | 
           | The US (certainly the current US) can do that, but
           | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arm_Holdings):
           | 
           |  _"Arm Holdings plc (formerly an acronym for Advanced RISC
           | Machines and originally Acorn RISC Machine) is a Japanese-
           | owned British semiconductor and software design company based
           | in Cambridge, England"_
        
             | 6SixTy wrote:
             | There are still ARM offices in the US in which their work,
             | IP, etc would be subject to export restrictions.
        
             | boredatoms wrote:
             | ARM in stock listed in New York, it cant avoid US
             | assertions
        
               | matt-p wrote:
               | So what, there's nothing done in America that can't be
               | brought back to Cambridge or London just as easily as we
               | offshored it.
               | 
               | If Europe is making a serious investment then it has more
               | than enough power to say "you'll get the contract if you
               | divest of X,Y,Z"
        
           | danieldk wrote:
           | I'm all in for RISC-V, but ARM Holdings is British (and owned
           | by the Japanese SoftBank group). ASML is in the The
           | Netherlands. And there are some European ARM CPU vendors
           | (NXP, ST Microelectronics, etc.). So Europe could also
           | standardize on ARM without sovereignty issues?
        
             | omnimus wrote:
             | Why risking doing that if you can go to ASML and those
             | vendors to manucature you RISC which isnt owned by
             | Softbank...
        
               | matt-p wrote:
               | Because almost all software runs on arm today, almost
               | none (comparatively) runs on risc-v.
               | 
               | Or perhaps because ARM is miles ahead of risc-v today.
        
               | danieldk wrote:
               | I think we should definitely invest in RISC-V, open is
               | preferable, especially in a continent-wide initiative.
               | I'm just contesting that the US could unilaterally
               | sabotage ARM use in Europe.
        
           | matt-p wrote:
           | ARM is a British company. We are in Europe.
        
             | zipy124 wrote:
             | It was founded in Britain, but it is a Japanese company ATM
             | as per it's SoftBank ownership.
        
               | matt-p wrote:
               | So what? Japan are Europe's enemy now? Could the EU not
               | just buy 25% or something?
        
               | omnimus wrote:
               | Its specifically Softbank which might be japanese but its
               | very much aligned with US and VC funds. It might as well
               | be VC fund.
        
               | matt-p wrote:
               | So what? What's the scenario here?
               | 
               | The USA pressures Japan to stop selling licences to
               | European Fabs? Why, what would push them to such
               | extremes?
               | 
               | Fabs can still produce those current designs (they just
               | don't have licences). Now Europe can buy SoftBank out, or
               | Britain can just walk into ARM Cambridge and say it's
               | been sequested for the war effort.
        
         | xbmcuser wrote:
         | It is not for the rest of the world who are banned from using
         | advanced US technology so best for the world is for China to
         | get to parity on node size as well as rest of the world to
         | adopt RISC-V.
        
         | simne wrote:
         | When making sophisticated big projects, usually weighting many
         | considerations, not just architecture.
         | 
         | Even more, some considerations could have more weight then
         | architecture for particular case.
         | 
         | Examples are good compiler/libs/frameworks, some specific
         | software, good support, experience on similar contracts, big
         | number of professionals with military clearance.
         | 
         | That's why some long time IBM won most govt contracts on
         | supercomputers.
         | 
         | But once IBM decided, govt is not interest enough client and
         | after that moment, most contracts won by Intel.
        
           | simne wrote:
           | Also in Intel case at 8086 years, very important was large
           | number of support chips, greatly surpass any concurrent.
           | 
           | Examples was video chips, io chips, MMU, numerical
           | coprocessor.
           | 
           | At that time (8086) Intel produced even RAM and ROM chips, so
           | govt could buy all from one contractor, and this is also good
           | in some cases.
        
         | cmrdporcupine wrote:
         | RISC-V's vector extension ("V") is markedly "Cray"-like.
        
         | rsynnott wrote:
         | ARM Holdings is, ah, not necessarily the easiest company to
         | work with. See the Qualcomm saga:
         | https://www.theregister.com/2025/02/06/arm_qualcomm_nuvia/
         | 
         | The _current_ big EU supercomputer initiative does use ARM
         | designs
         | (https://www.theregister.com/2024/05/14/sipearl_rhea1_specs/ ),
         | but you wouldn't necessarily want to be totally dependent on
         | them if you can help it.
        
         | hajile wrote:
         | ARM just sued their largest customer.
         | 
         | ARM just announced they are manufacturing their own chips for
         | the first time further threatening their customers (despite
         | testifying the exact opposite in court a couple months ago).
         | 
         | Since SoftBank took over, their company has shifted and proved
         | that when a standard is controlled by one company, there will
         | eventually be issues.
         | 
         | Switching to RISC means those issues won't ever happen again.
        
       | throwaway888abc wrote:
       | China recently moved that direction. That would be nice
       | collaboration to see between EU and China.
       | 
       | China to publish policy to boost RISC-V chip use nationwide,
       | sources say https://www.reuters.com/technology/china-publish-
       | policy-boos...
        
         | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
         | I think it'd be nice for collaboration across all nations that
         | want to take part.
        
         | briandear wrote:
         | If the goal is to decouple from the U.S., why would the EU want
         | to collaborate with a totalitarian state like China?
        
           | brendoelfrendo wrote:
           | The US and the Soviets were able to cooperate on space
           | missions in spite of their enmity. It's not unreasonable to
           | think that Europe could work with China on a scientific
           | mission, even if the EU or its member states want to keep
           | China at arms-length otherwise. There's an interesting moral
           | quandary there, as to whether cooperation with a totalitarian
           | regime helps diminish or consolidate the regime's power, but
           | this daylight savings thing here in the US is throwing me for
           | a loop so I'm going to have to leave that unanswered for now.
        
             | danieldk wrote:
             | _There 's an interesting moral quandary there, as to
             | whether cooperation with a totalitarian regime helps
             | diminish or consolidate the regime's power, but this
             | daylight savings thing here in the US is throwing me for a
             | loop so I'm going to have to leave that unanswered for
             | now._
             | 
             | To be honest (I say this as an European), we have tougher
             | nuts to crack the worrying whether cooperation with China
             | will diminish or consolidate it's power. Our focus is now
             | on defending peace and democracy in Europe (and on a larger
             | scale non-US NATO). To say that China has its issues is an
             | understatement (everyone has), but they are too far away to
             | be a threat short- to midterm. Plus China also values
             | international trade stability. So it would be silly not to
             | look where we can (cautiously) cooperate.
             | 
             | Ideally we would like to continue to work with the US. But
             | the US is less interested in Europe now and that creates a
             | vacuum that will lead to new trade alliances.
        
           | gregman1 wrote:
           | While it's important to steer clear of political debates,
           | it's also crucial to acknowledge that the European Union,
           | like any other political entity, has its strengths and
           | weaknesses.
        
           | swarnie wrote:
           | What's the real difference?
           | 
           | I know the US get to have elections but its always between
           | family dynasties, billionaires or corporate stooges. The
           | choice is an illusion.
           | 
           | Lets cut out the middleman and know we're working with a
           | different system for societal structure rather than one that
           | pretends otherwise.
        
           | dgellow wrote:
           | The US is extremely chaotic and unpredictable. China is
           | fairly stable and predictable.
        
             | ratatoskrt wrote:
             | This is it. China might be authoritarian, but it's acting
             | way less eratic than the US right now.
        
               | janice1999 wrote:
               | That may be in part to their 'president for life'.
               | Leaders are not immortal though and transitions between
               | them have seen large and sometimes catastrophic changes.
               | China designed its modern political system to avoid that,
               | only for Xi to undo it and purge younger potential
               | challengers.
        
               | jimbob45 wrote:
               | For life and is 71 in arguably the most stressful job in
               | the world. The risk of mental decline cannot be ignored,
               | particularly as he has now served longer than any US
               | president in all of history.
               | 
               | Although I say that and then I went down the rabbit hole
               | of trying to find which individual had the longest tenure
               | of presidency and vice presidency combined. It seems like
               | it's either Nixon, HW Bush, or Biden.
        
               | akie wrote:
               | The US is not just erratic, it wouldn't be a stretch to
               | call them hostile towards the EU right now.
        
               | pipes wrote:
               | "right now" being the key phrase here. On what length of
               | time due you judge stability? The last 75 years or so in
               | China... well amoung other things they killed over 50
               | million of their own people with a man made famine. The
               | question is if the institutions that produced USA can
               | hold. China on the other hand lacks the self correcting
               | mechanisms that USA has built in.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | > The last 75 years or so in China... well amoung other
               | things they killed over 50 million of their own people
               | with a man made famine.
               | 
               | Such an event is also one reason India got my
               | grandparent's generation to leave.
               | 
               | And the one about 175 years ago in Ireland probably
               | contributed to both the (eventual) Irish home rule
               | movement and the writing of the Communist Manifesto.
               | 
               | While the Great Leap Forward's famine was avoidable in
               | theory, I think that the historical examples of so many
               | others having similar experiences during the transition
               | from agrarian to industrial, shows that in practice the
               | mistakes are very easy to fall into.
        
               | nostrademons wrote:
               | China has a tendency to self-destruct every 300-400
               | years. The interesting thing is that _many_ regions of
               | the globe have a tendency to self-destruct every 300-400
               | years. Europe had major continent-wide cataclysms with
               | WW1 /2 in the 1900s; the Wars of Religion in the early
               | 1600s; and the Hundred Years War + Black Death + Mongol
               | Conquests in the 1300s. The Holy Roman Empire lasted from
               | about 900 AD to around 1300 AD. The Roman Republic lasted
               | about 500 years; the Roman Empire lasted another 400-500.
               | 
               | I think the logic might be that China just _had_ their
               | civilization-ending cataclysm, and so they 're on the
               | upswing now. Ditto Europe. This is probably not the end
               | of the United States either, more like the Crisis of the
               | 3rd Century. But it's just as logical to look back on the
               | 400-year cycle and think "Better invest in the countries
               | that have already had their crisis and dealt with it than
               | ones that are starting to decay internally" than to look
               | back on the last 75 years and think "Wow, that was
               | chaotic, the next 75 years will be equally chaotic."
        
             | nine_k wrote:
             | Predictable to an extent. President Xi has effected a
             | number of rather drastic changes internally; it's possible
             | that external policy changes may follow.
             | 
             | It's not as crazy as electing Trump, of course.
        
             | hagbard_c wrote:
             | Most authoritarian states are 'stable and predictable'.
             | When you meet a lion on the savannah the beast is stable
             | and predictable in that it will most likely try to eat you
             | unless it isn't hungry. Step on a snake and the outcome is
             | stable and predictable in that you will get bitten.
             | 
             | It is good for Europe to learn to stand on its - our - own
             | legs, to become less dependent on the USA for territorial
             | defence and probably also to learn the hard way that peace
             | and tranquillity is the exception rather than the rule. Si
             | vis pacem, para bellum. It is not good for Europe to swap
             | dependence on the USA with dependence on China, we're more
             | than 500 million people with access to most of the
             | resources we need to stand on our own legs so let's get
             | crackin'.
             | 
             | Also, let's drop the silly panic around Trump, the man is
             | doing what he was elected to do which is _put America
             | first_. We should do the same, in a serious way. Not in an
             | isolationist way but sensibly. Stop importing the world 's
             | problems, stop with the silly self-chastisement around
             | 'climate' and 'colonialism', stop the import of islamism
             | and make serious work of getting rid of the islamist
             | factions which have been allowed to establish themselves or
             | Europe as it once was - the birthplace of the enlightenment
             | - will succumb to the sectarian infighting which destroyed
             | Lebanon after they invited Arafat and his PLO.
             | 
             | So, 'Europe first' in the sense that the ideas which formed
             | the continent are worth defending and so are people who
             | subscribe to those ideas no matter where they come from.
             | Those who want to get rid of these ideas to replace them
             | with their own intolerant society - whether that be an
             | islamic caliphate or a Chinese-style fascist [1]
             | surveillance state - are not welcome. I realise this
             | includes a number of EU bureaucrats who are enamoured of
             | the latter system and I would be pleased to see these
             | individuals removed from power, preferably by truly
             | democratic means.
             | 
             | [1] Fascism and Communism are closely related so it is not
             | that odd to call the current government form in China by
             | the former name even if they claim to be the latter. See
             | https://www.britannica.com/topic/fascism for a definition
             | or read what Mussolini had to say about the subject and
             | you'll see the parallels.
        
               | nis0s wrote:
               | For secular and democratic nations, multiculturalism
               | isn't inherently dangerous if there are principles and
               | ideals around which newcomers to any nation can
               | assimilate and integrate. America attempted that to some
               | degree of success with its melting pot ideals till the
               | 90s, but there wasn't enough emphasis on civic duty, from
               | either the commoners or the elite. The US founding
               | fathers included everyone in their vision, btw, including
               | Muslims. The failure in any integration and assimilation
               | goals from the past few decades result from enabling
               | unjust narratives which pose America as the only country
               | with the social ills and issues it's being criticized of,
               | when there isn't any other country in recent memory with
               | a more socially diverse congress.
        
               | alienthrowaway wrote:
               | > It is good for Europe ... to learn the hard way that
               | peace and tranquillity is the exception rather than the
               | rule
               | 
               | I don't know if you're being serious here, but this
               | (Ameri-centric? C21-centric?) view is laughable. Europe
               | is well-acquainted with war and never saw lasting peace
               | for much of it's history until the _second_ half of the
               | 20th century.
        
             | piokoch wrote:
             | Yup, relying on sadistic, communistic regime that puts
             | people into concentration camps is a great idea! What can
             | go wrong!? For instance trading with Russia, Nord Stream,
             | didn't have any bad results...
             | 
             | Oh, crap, no, we have some full scale war going on in
             | Europe now, because Putin thought he keeps Europe on the
             | gas & oil leash (and he was almost right).
        
           | addicted wrote:
           | If it's open source it doesn't matter who the state they're
           | collaborating with is.
        
             | svorakang wrote:
             | Well. I have worked quite a bit with Chinese businesses and
             | let's just put like this: It does not matter much whatever
             | license you think the SW or HW has. Whatever is available
             | will be used and modified to the liking of the customer.
             | 
             | It is common for new employees to walk in with code bases
             | of previous projects they have worked with and there is a
             | great deal of administration involved in ensuring that no
             | one else gets to work with more code than they absolutely
             | need. Local builds and copying binary archives is common
             | practice!
        
               | com wrote:
               | I hate to break it to you but it's extremely common for
               | Western employees to do the same. I had to investigate
               | what seemed like a new employee attempting to begin an
               | exfil of our source code only to discover what looked
               | like all of EMC's core code, the new employee's last
               | employer, in a gdrive folder.
               | 
               | Incredibly common.
        
               | znpy wrote:
               | > It does not matter much whatever license you think the
               | SW or HW has. Whatever is available will be used and
               | modified to the liking of the customer.
               | 
               | yeah, china is just not playing the stupid licensing and
               | copyright game. chinese companies infringe trademarks and
               | break licenses all the time. doing so boosts their
               | business/economy overall so the state just doesn't bother
               | with enforcing anything.
               | 
               | the annoying thing is that we're not really playing the
               | game either, or at least, we have laws that get enforced
               | "randomly". it was recent news that meta torrented some
               | 80 terabytes of stuff (https://arstechnica.com/tech-
               | policy/2025/02/meta-torrented-o...) and essentially
               | nothing happened. back in the day aaron schwartz was
               | driven to suicide over a way smaller chunk of scientific
               | papers downloaded.
        
           | tntxtnt wrote:
           | Because in spite of the west's propaganda, Xi is a good
           | dictator. Singapore was/is also a totalitarian state yet many
           | do business with it.
        
             | f1shy wrote:
             | Is there "good" dictatorships? My personal opinion is there
             | is no good dictator (ok, in HN context, BDFL in a SW
             | project) I like no totalitarian regime. No one.
        
               | bruce511 wrote:
               | A benevolent dictator is the best form of government.
               | Unfortunately though power corrupts and they have a habit
               | of becoming self serving, and very much not benevolent.
               | 
               | I'm not just talking at the nation-state level, but at
               | community, company, sports and so on. There's no shortage
               | of Open Source projects run using the Benevolent Dictator
               | approach.
               | 
               | Compare that to companies run by committee (or
               | governments run by dead-locked congresses) which preport
               | to "represent the people" but just turn into "nothing
               | gets done" factories.
               | 
               | So yes, there are good dictatorships. They're especially
               | good at getting stuff done.
               | 
               | There are also obviously bad dictatorships.
        
               | kibwen wrote:
               | _> So yes, there are good dictatorships. They 're
               | especially good at getting stuff done. There are also
               | obviously bad dictatorships._
               | 
               | All dictatorships, by definition, are better at getting
               | things done than organizations that require non-
               | unilateral assent.
               | 
               | Instead, the difference between a good dictatorship and a
               | bad dictatorship is that in a good dictatorship,
               | dissidents are eliminated quietly or, if not quietly,
               | then with enough spin that everyone considers their
               | elimination to be a good thing.
               | 
               | In other words, what good dictatorships are _good_ at is
               | PR.
        
               | XorNot wrote:
               | Also you can look at the history of the Nazis and it
               | becomes apparent that they weren't good at much of
               | anything except that: so successfully that "efficient
               | Nazis" became a trope for decades after the war despite
               | all the evidence lying around to the contrary.
        
               | ebalit wrote:
               | The analogy between projects/companies and governments is
               | missing big components though.
               | 
               | - "Benevolent Dictators" of companies or projects have to
               | obey the law - They can't forbid competition or
               | alternatives - Every participant can leave at any time -
               | If they burn the organization to the ground, the worst
               | case scenario is the organization get replaced and people
               | move on
               | 
               | I think it shows that we're using the word "dictator" way
               | too casually in that case.
        
               | dijit wrote:
               | There are plenty, Singapore is an example.
        
               | sashank_1509 wrote:
               | How is a dictatorship different from a monarchy? There
               | have been plenty of good monarchies throughout history.
               | Frederick The Great, created the Prussian State. Stuart's
               | were well loved that they ended parliamentary democracy
               | to restore the Stuarts. Victorian, Elizabethan era were
               | also prosperous and well known. Ceasar was the final
               | monarch who united the enmity between the nobles and
               | plebs.
               | 
               | The problem is we look at those states and all we see is
               | the existence of slavery (that existed in all societies
               | till at least 1800AD), women being relegated to a
               | different social role etc. But it is wrong to assume that
               | any of those were due to monarchy and that a monarchy in
               | the modern age would not rule based on modern values.
               | Just look at Singapore, for a small example of a monarchy
               | ruling based on current social mores. Unfortunately since
               | WW1, monarchies throughout the world have vanished, and
               | all we have are liberal democracies, so we can't say
               | either way.
        
               | Yoric wrote:
               | I'm going to assume that you're speaking of monarchies in
               | which the monarch is the actual ruler, rather than UK,
               | Belgium, the Netherlands or Canada for instance.
               | 
               | In that case, I'd say that a monarchy is essentially
               | dictatorship + a (usually) clear line of succession.
        
               | sashank_1509 wrote:
               | Fair enough, yes I mean monarchies proper, where the
               | government is actually monarchical, not a ceremonial
               | monarch.
               | 
               | Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Thailand, Bhutan might be the only
               | monarchies left. (Monarchy + clear form of succession).
        
               | goodpoint wrote:
               | > there is no good dictator
               | 
               | A good dictator is a...
        
           | simion314 wrote:
           | At UN votes when voting about Ruzzian invasion China abstain
           | while USA voted with Ruzzia and other most despicable
           | dictatorships. Still waiting for a MAGA explain this 5D chess
           | move and explain what the USA citizen won from this.
        
             | wraaath wrote:
             | "MAGA" voted in the manchurian candidate. Dismantling
             | oversight, accountability, throwing out old alliances and
             | siding with the global aggressors. The US government is
             | rapidly turning into a kleptocracy.
        
           | regularjack wrote:
           | At this point, I'd rather my country collaborates with China
           | than the US. And I dislike China's government as much as the
           | next person.
        
           | tehjoker wrote:
           | Simple: China is only totalitarian in western propaganda.
           | "Yellow Peril" is a tired trope, it's a democracy. It's
           | difficult to characterize the U.S. as a democracy, and our
           | social progress is rolling backwards.
        
             | geysersam wrote:
             | I'm very impressed and fascinated by the Chinese society
             | and their progress. I love the country and it's rich
             | history. But is it a democracy? No not according to my idea
             | of what that word means.
             | 
             | It's a great country nonetheless, people are free in China,
             | they have their own system and it works for them, good! Why
             | pretend it's a democracy?
        
               | Barrin92 wrote:
               | It's worth debating because China describes itself as
               | such: http://en.moj.gov.cn/2024-03/05/c_967573.htm
               | 
               | The Chinese would say the point of democracy is to
               | translate the will of the people into action, it's to
               | efficiently solve problems that people have, it's in
               | their understanding neither liberal nor representative.
               | In fact they'd likely turn your question around, if
               | democracy is merely a set of procedures or rituals
               | without concerns for the will of the majority, the demos
               | which is in the name, why do you pretend to be one?
        
               | toxik wrote:
               | What absolute hogwash.
               | 
               | Can you criticize and ridicule your government? No? Not a
               | democracy.
        
           | happymellon wrote:
           | Because RISC V results would be something the Europeans could
           | produce?
           | 
           | We are reliant on the US as only 2 companies can make the
           | x86/64 chips. I don't think Europe would be completely
           | against working with a US or Chinese company like Hi
           | Five/Star Five, as long as we weren't dependent on them, and
           | could pull ties if they abused their position of control.
        
             | XorNot wrote:
             | Isn't the supplier of lithography machines for TSMC Dutch?
             | 
             | While that's not the entire process, and it would be a 20
             | year endeavour, it seems like funding the development of
             | local capability here would be eminently doable.
             | 
             | Europe is also the current heavy hitter for fundamental
             | physics research, so attracting talent and maintaining an
             | ecosystem should be much more achievable.
        
               | omnimus wrote:
               | Manufacturing the processor itself is different issue
               | from what architecture that processor will be. If Europe
               | produces any consumer processors like that it wont be
               | x86. It will be Risc-V (maybe arm? its UK but owned by
               | Softbank so nope)
        
               | matt-p wrote:
               | Just because SoftBank own it now, do you really think if
               | Europe went to it and said "can we buy half, if so we'll
               | buy $X amount of licences otherwise we'll start
               | (effectively) a serious competitor in risc-v.
        
               | gmueckl wrote:
               | Most of the machines for the rest of the process also
               | come out of Europe. Building the factories wouldn't be
               | all that hard. Actually developing and running a full
               | production sub-10nm process is a different beast
               | entirely.
        
             | mahkeiro wrote:
             | STmicro is producing chips at around 14-18nm. ASML is the
             | one producing the leading lithography machine, and we are
             | not talking about ARM, Infineon or NXP. Europe has the
             | capacity to produce their own processors if needed.
        
             | andreasmetsala wrote:
             | > We are reliant on the US as only 2 companies can make the
             | x86/64 chips.
             | 
             | The x86-64 architecture is on its way out globally thanks
             | to Arm. RISC V is not needed for decoupling from the US.
        
           | matt-p wrote:
           | Because if the US are aligning with Russia and shunning
           | Europe, then it makes sense for Europe to partner with China
           | and break them off from Russia/USA
        
           | znpy wrote:
           | because we already collaborate, sell and trade with them all
           | the time.
           | 
           | might as well collaborate with them on this as well.
        
           | MaxPock wrote:
           | EU is friends with totalitarian states like Bahrain,Syria,
           | Qatar and Saudi Arabia.What's wrong with working with another
           | totalitarian state ?
        
         | duskwuff wrote:
         | Chinese firms have been moving in that direction for some time
         | now. One early adopter was GigaDevice, which started offering
         | RISC-V versions of their microcontrollers (e.g. GD32VF103 - a
         | RISC-V adapted STM32 clone) around 2019.
        
         | tw04 wrote:
         | If you ignore the military ambitions of China and the fact
         | they're openly sharing technology with Russia, perhaps.
         | 
         | I don't see anything but regret for Europe several decades from
         | now if they decide to start providing China with the technical
         | expertise they're currently lacking in this space.
         | 
         | This is all about China trying to find a way to escape the
         | pressure of sanctions from Europe and the US.
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | Didn't ARM start in Europe?
        
             | znpy wrote:
             | in uk, so in continental europe, yes.
        
               | tsukikage wrote:
               | It was in the EU when ARM started as well, fwiw.
        
           | thomasahle wrote:
           | The EU has to start working more with China, for better or
           | worse.
           | 
           | Not as friends or allies, but there aren't a lot of those
           | left anyway. It's only rational in this multi polar world to
           | have some level of engagement with all parties.
           | 
           | Most of the sanctions Europe have on China were just to
           | please the US anyway.
        
           | MaxPock wrote:
           | "This is all about China trying to find a way to escape the
           | pressure of sanctions from Europe and the US" Is this
           | supposed to be a nefarious Chinese activity?
        
       | qwerty456127 wrote:
       | Everybody who "bets on RISC-V for supercomputing sovereignty"
       | will probably end up buying Chinese anyway.
        
         | muxamilian wrote:
         | Why? Genuinely curious
        
           | turtletontine wrote:
           | (Jumping to assume what the original commenter meant:)
           | 
           | China is pushing RISC V aggressively, and might be a lot more
           | likely to succeed in making competitively powerful cores than
           | EUR240M pounds spent in Europe, where money won't go nearly
           | as far.
           | 
           | I imagine one of the biggest constraints on success here is
           | just expertise. If Apple's hardware team, or Qualcomm's Oryon
           | team were tasked with making a high performance RISC V CPU,
           | I'm sure they could crank out something incredible pretty
           | quick. But I have a feeling practical expertise on this sort
           | of cutting edge hardware design is a rare thing. Frankly no
           | idea how this human capital compares between Europe and
           | China, but I'll be excited to see progress and genuine
           | competition on open architectures like this
        
             | IshKebab wrote:
             | I work in this space and I would say it's pretty even
             | between Europe (the UK in particular, but also other
             | countries like the Netherlands and France) and China.
             | 
             | > where money won't go nearly as far
             | 
             | I'm not sure about this either - apparently high tech
             | salaries in China are not out of line with Europe (both are
             | way less than America).
             | 
             | But China does have more enormous companies that can fund
             | their own chips (e.g. ByteDance).
        
       | pjmlp wrote:
       | Naturally the next step is to also rely in OSes and programming
       | languages not controlled by export regulations.
        
       | sylware wrote:
       | RISC-V is interop as the ISA level. No wonder EU and even china
       | are moving towards this US standard.
        
         | dan_can_code wrote:
         | Could you maybe explain this a bit more? I'd like to understand
         | better what the value is.
        
       | camel-cdr wrote:
       | Here are some relevant slides from hpcasia25:
       | https://github.com/RISCVtestbed/riscvtestbed.github.io/blob/...
       | 
       | I also found this report on their FPGA Emulation Platform:
       | https://www.riser-project.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/RISE...
       | 
       | So from these resources it seems like they develop a vector
       | processor with Semidynamics out-of-order Atrevido core as a
       | scalar core and their Vitruvius VPU.
       | 
       | There is a paper about a previous iteration of the VPU:
       | https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3575861
       | 
       | In the more recent report they have a vector length of 16,384
       | bits, with 16 lanes (8 in FPGA, 16 in the diagram, final version
       | could be more), so total of 16*64=1024 bits of ALUs.
       | 
       | Slide 15 seems to indicate that they want to create a chip with
       | 32 of those cores, a shared L3 cache, and access to HBM.
        
       | trollbridge wrote:
       | There's a certain irony here as ARM is 100% British European.
        
         | pjmlp wrote:
         | If they feel like offering licenses, I bet European companies
         | will appreciate.
         | 
         | Besides they are no longer 100% as you mention.
        
         | omnimus wrote:
         | Sorry to break it to you but its owned by Softbank. So
         | technically its Japanese and ideogically its heavy US VC funds
         | aligned.
        
       | LightBug1 wrote:
       | RISC architecture is going to change everything
        
         | lokimedes wrote:
         | RISC is good.
        
         | nine_k wrote:
         | No, an _open_ architecture that 's widely accepted and
         | implemented is going to.
        
         | Yoric wrote:
         | RISC? RISC has changed everything 20 years ago. That's done
         | already.
         | 
         | Or did you mean RISC-V?
        
           | cmrdporcupine wrote:
           | it's a movie quote
        
       | wg0 wrote:
       | It rather should be for general computing too starting with
       | government office computers.
       | 
       | Yeah they'll be slow but nothing can be slower than an x86 loaded
       | with a Windows 11 or something on it.
        
         | fransje26 wrote:
         | > Yeah they'll be slow but nothing can be slower than an x86
         | loaded with a Windows 11 or something on it.
         | 
         | I nearly spit out my tea laughing.
         | 
         | That's going to be hard to beat, yes..
        
       | light_hue_1 wrote:
       | There's nothing to celebrate here. This is another sad moment for
       | Europeans everywhere.
       | 
       | > The first phase of this six-year endeavor is backed by EUR240
       | million (PS200 million, $260 million) in funding.
       | 
       | For this to be a serious effort it would take another two zeros
       | at the end of that number. This is 100x too small.
       | 
       | In 6 years, we'll have spent a pittance, to realize that we got
       | basically nothing for it, and we're even further behind the US
       | whose companies are spending tens of billions to develop new
       | accelerators.
       | 
       | Let's take one US company at random, Groq, they've raised 10x
       | this amount of money. That's one startup. Never mind Cerebras,
       | SambaNova, Tenstorrent, etc. How is this effort going to compete?
       | And they're giving the money to "38 leading partners" instead of
       | one focused entity. It won't compete. It's just a waste.
       | 
       | The EU is still thinking too small. In an era where the US is no
       | longer a reliable partner (maybe even a rival), and where Taiwan
       | could disappear overnight, this is extremely stupid and
       | dangerous.
       | 
       | I don't understand why the EU can't get serious about tech. Why
       | does every investment need to be peanuts? Why can't we pay people
       | well so they don't all leave to the US/Canada? Why can't we
       | seriously invest in startups?
        
         | ajmurmann wrote:
         | Who in Europe would fund something bigger? Governments are
         | tight on money and in many countries a aging population is
         | overwhelming the welfare state while at the same time defense
         | spending must go up dramatically and yesterday.
         | 
         | Private investors in Europe don't have the very deep pockets of
         | US tech investors and there is much less of a culture of risk
         | taking in investing in Europe on top of that
         | 
         | Edit: to be clear, I agree with your general point.
        
         | Yoric wrote:
         | You make a point. However, I'm not sure how it'd be possible.
         | 
         | The US has been funded by an insane level of debt for the last
         | 60+ years. Debt that might come calling quite soon, according
         | to Donald Trump's own treasure secretary, iirc, and might even
         | be the reason for all the current apparent international Trump-
         | craziness (well, Trump being a narcissist certainly doesn't
         | help).
         | 
         | While the EU has serious debt, if I understand correctly,
         | that's several orders of magnitude smaller when compared to
         | GNP, which limits the ability of the EU to invest.
        
       | CaffeineLD50 wrote:
       | Given the stunningly low performance of risc-v chips that make a
       | raspberry Pi look fast, I'm wondering how soon this is supposed
       | to pay off.
        
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