[HN Gopher] Federal appeals court finds geofence warrants "categ...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Federal appeals court finds geofence warrants "categorically"
       unconstitutional
        
       Author : computerliker
       Score  : 241 points
       Date   : 2024-08-12 19:57 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.eff.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.eff.org)
        
       | toomuchtodo wrote:
       | Related:
       | 
       |  _No reasonable expectation of privacy in one 's Google location
       | data_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40958458 - July 2024
       | (163 comments)
        
         | londons_explore wrote:
         | Wonder if this case will make google backtrack on their move to
         | purge all location data from their users server-based location
         | histories?
        
       | fortran77 wrote:
       | They are a very effective tool for finding burglars.
       | 
       | That's how many burglaries are solved in my area. If the exact
       | time of the burglary is known (from alarm or security camera) a
       | very specific warrant is given for all phone activity at or near
       | that time at that location.
       | 
       | I'm hoping if the warrent is more specific (perhaps finding
       | similar burglaries and requesting information only for matches
       | between the two locations) they can still be used.
        
         | idle_zealot wrote:
         | There are more important things than punishing petty theft.
        
           | fortran77 wrote:
           | Residential burglary is not petty theft. If the house isn't
           | empty, a person could be seriously injured or killed.
        
             | ryaneager wrote:
             | Well, that sounds like you're not not scared of burglary,
             | but rather assault and/or murder
        
               | kstrauser wrote:
               | I confess that finding any stranger in my house for any
               | motive would frighten the hell out of me. I suspect
               | that's true of nearly the whole population.
        
               | vuln wrote:
               | They're just seeking refuge.
        
             | SoftTalker wrote:
             | And the residential burglars probably started with petty
             | theft and got away with it, and became emboldened. Also see
             | the broken window theory.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broken_windows_theory
        
         | giantg2 wrote:
         | I wonder if there can be nuance that if a person owns a private
         | location, they can request the data for their property. This
         | seems reasonable to me. The only people on the property should
         | have permission and already be known to the owner. The ones who
         | don't are trespassing and can be suspects for crimes committed
         | during that time.
        
           | kardos wrote:
           | You'd need geofencing of mobiles to be precise and accurate
           | to about a meter for that to work. Is that the case?
        
             | giantg2 wrote:
             | "You'd need geofencing of mobiles to be precise and
             | accurate to about a meter for that to work."
             | 
             | That's not true. There are many types of properties. Large
             | properties could accomodate large margins of error,
             | multiple times greater than the fine grain location data
             | when using a poont in the middle of the property. There are
             | some types of properties that this couldn't be applied to,
             | such as apartments.
        
             | HeatrayEnjoyer wrote:
             | If there are 5G towers that might be possible
        
         | ziddoap wrote:
         | They are also quite effective at subjecting completely innocent
         | people to criminal investigations.
        
           | deelowe wrote:
           | Exactly. Some people seem to have the opinion that a thing is
           | good if it generally proves effective a capturing criminals.
           | Others have the opinion that capturing criminals is only good
           | if there's a very low risk of innocents being caught up in
           | the process.
           | 
           | I'm in the latter group.
        
             | alwa wrote:
             | In general, though, doesn't more (and more reliable)
             | information permit more accurate conclusions? Wouldn't this
             | type of data reduce the risk of innocents being caught up,
             | compared to asking cops or neighbors to hazard their best
             | guess at who might have been around at the time of the
             | crime?
        
               | jliptzin wrote:
               | I'm ok with TVs and jewelry getting stolen occasionally
               | if it means my government is not constantly tracking my
               | every move
        
           | IncreasePosts wrote:
           | That happens all the time during normal, legal place
           | investigations. What's wrong with that? The concept of an
           | investigation almost necessarily requires there to be
           | innocent people involved, to differentiate the guilty from
           | the innocent.
        
             | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
             | Eh. There is a big difference between an investigation ( as
             | one sees in most American cinema hence why this particular
             | phrasing is likely chosen ) and a fishing expedition, where
             | LEOs go through data they in likelihood should not ( and to
             | make it more annoying -- are highly unlikely to delete once
             | done ).
             | 
             | I am saying this as a person who got LEO request for JUAN
             | no last name and no other identifiers. As you can imagine,
             | some of us are not amused by such requests.
             | 
             | edit: Location is much, much more telling than basic name
             | and address.
        
         | Noumenon72 wrote:
         | They never make these decisions with regard for the societal
         | benefits of solving crime, they just ban policing and
         | congratulate themselves on preventing bad policing. They could
         | have narrowed this down to a new definition of probable cause
         | rather than saying "See that terrorist on video using his GPS
         | to plant bombs at the orphanage? Sorry, we can't find 'im."
        
           | vuln wrote:
           | Must have been the guy planting pipe bombs at the DNC during
           | the insurrection.
        
           | bee_rider wrote:
           | We have a rule-of-law system in the US, at least that's the
           | ideal. The court shouldn't be changing the laws to make
           | policing easier. That's what the legislative branch is for.
        
             | jfengel wrote:
             | I hear that a fair bit: "that's what the legislature is
             | for". Has the Congress ever responded by actually passing a
             | law?
             | 
             | Passing a law is a very high bar, especially with the
             | filibuster, and a President can still veto it. It's
             | supposed to be for checks and balances, but I see a lot of
             | checks and very few balances.
             | 
             | I know that it's not the court's responsibility to fix the
             | rest of the system. But it feels disingenuous to say that
             | the legislature could fix it when they know perfectly well
             | that they won't.
        
               | Shog9 wrote:
               | > Has the Congress ever responded by actually passing a
               | law?
               | 
               | Yes. Despite appearances to the contrary (and the
               | exceptionally lethargic behavior of the current (118th)
               | congress), Congress does actually pass laws (and
               | revisions to existing laws), often in response to
               | deficiencies identified by courts and law enforcement in
               | what is currently on the books. If you're interested in
               | following this, the library of congress website [1] has
               | half-way decent filtering.
               | 
               | > I know that it's not the court's responsibility to fix
               | the rest of the system. But it feels disingenuous to say
               | that the legislature could fix it when they know
               | perfectly well that they won't.
               | 
               | Forget responsibility, it's not even within the court's
               | _purview_ - in order for a ruling to stand (much less set
               | precedent), it must be based on the law as it exists
               | (including past precedent); ignoring that might feel good
               | to watch, and would certainly make life interesting for
               | participants in one specific case... But in no way
               | compensates for an inability to legislate on the part of
               | actual, elected, legislators.
               | 
               | If you're frustrated, vote for congressfolk who get
               | things done vs. blather on, don't wish for a magic judge.
               | 
               | [1]: https://www.congress.gov/search?q=%7B%22source%22%3A
               | %22legis...
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | > I hear that a fair bit: "that's what the legislature is
               | for". Has the Congress ever responded by actually passing
               | a law?
               | 
               | I'm not 100% clear on what the question is, in the sense
               | that I want to give you a good-faith reading but, of
               | course, the answer is obviously no. I doubt congress has
               | even read any of our posts, haha.
               | 
               | I think the general expectation is that when chatting
               | about politics the best hope we could have is that we
               | could cause the other person (or some other person
               | reading along) to vote differently, and maybe we'll all
               | get some better representatives if this conversation
               | repeats enough times. It is a pretty indirect strategy, I
               | don't think it will have any big obvious wins.
               | 
               | > Passing a law is a very high bar, especially with the
               | filibuster, and a President can still veto it. It's
               | supposed to be for checks and balances, but I see a lot
               | of checks and very few balances.
               | 
               | I agree that our system has a lot of checks and might be
               | too logjam-prone. (Although, over the last 8 years we've
               | probably both appreciated this feature at some point or
               | another, maybe at different times). But that's the system
               | we have, we should fix it in an above the board fashion,
               | not hope for judges to circumvent it.
               | 
               | > I know that it's not the court's responsibility to fix
               | the rest of the system. But it feels disingenuous to say
               | that the legislature could fix it when they know
               | perfectly well that they won't.
               | 
               | Well, to be entirely transparent, there's a dual purpose
               | to this. So maybe it is a bit disingenuous. I mean the
               | ingenuous element is there: it is always good to keep in
               | mind how our system works, and I do think people should
               | target their irritation at the correct party.
               | 
               | But also, not many of our (democratically elected)
               | representatives are willing to argue for increasing
               | surveillance. So the reminder that it is their job is a
               | slightly circuitous way of indicating that it is maybe
               | not a popular idea. If it were, somebody would run on it.
        
         | candiddevmike wrote:
         | Fix the root cause of why folks need to steal instead of
         | invading everyone's privacy?
        
           | mc32 wrote:
           | I see this implication over and over (that poor hungry people
           | steal). Poor people don't often steal. They might pilfer here
           | and there, but they're not doing outright stealing or
           | robbing. I've known poor people, I've lived with poor people
           | and by and large they are not thieves. They may keep
           | something, sneak something, but they are not breaking in and
           | stealing stuff --if they do take things not theirs, it's
           | "passive" (i.e. opportunistic.)
           | 
           | People who steal are often of two types, career criminals,
           | pert of an organized (this can be peripheral) crime
           | organization, or drugged out zombies who could not hold a
           | job. There's a possible third, impulse theft by teenagers
           | --these are low numbers.
           | 
           | It sticks in my craw when people so easily imply poor people
           | steal and burgle. All the hand to mouth poor people who on
           | occasion dumpster dove and all that, did not steal things,
           | break into homes etc.
        
             | candiddevmike wrote:
             | Sorry, can you show me where in my comment I pointed at
             | poverty being the root cause?
        
               | mc32 wrote:
               | So, according to you what are the root causes of burglary
               | and theft?
        
             | em-bee wrote:
             | poverty is not the problem, lack of moral education is.
             | 
             | we teach STEM in schools, but we assume that moral behavior
             | is obvious and natural. we don't teach children why moral
             | behavior is important, and more critically we don't teach
             | that moral behavior includes caring for others, and that
             | doing so will benefit all of us. instead we teach children
             | to compete against each other, and we put them in
             | situations where selfish behavior is the best way to get
             | ahead. at best we try to scare them about the risks of
             | crime, but we don't show them the benefits of being helpful
             | instead of selfish.
             | 
             | no education is going to completely eradicate crime, but i
             | do believe there is a correlation between the quality of
             | education and the amount of moral education and crimerates.
        
               | andrewla wrote:
               | I don't know if you are a parent or have first-hand
               | experience here. But I am and do, and schools spend an
               | inordinate amount of time doing this. Especially in
               | elementary school, but throughout the public education
               | system messages of caring for others are literally
               | everywhere in every possible context.
               | 
               | Even when I was a student this was the case; we had units
               | and assemblies presenting these concepts to an incredibly
               | frustrating and condescending degree.
        
               | mc32 wrote:
               | Point taken. But these days they teach STEAM. Which is a
               | weird way of saying they've gone back to not being STEM.
               | STEM was to focus on the sciency, mathy, technical
               | curricula as opposed to the non-STEM, like art and social
               | things. But to undermine the whole STEM they went and
               | braded regular curricula STEAM curricula so people would
               | think, yeah, it's basically STEM with an "A" in it.
               | Brilliant bastards.
        
               | idle_zealot wrote:
               | That's not what STEAM is at all. Please actually look up
               | the term before deciding what it means and deriding it
               | (it does deserve derision, but mostly for a terrible
               | rollout and lesson plans that misunderstand it).
        
           | jonas21 wrote:
           | And what would that root cause be?
        
             | candiddevmike wrote:
             | I don't think there is _one_ root cause. But I can tell you
             | that burglary is a symptom, and seeing increases in it year
             | over year (outpacing population growth) is a sign of
             | systemic problems.
        
               | milesskorpen wrote:
               | Burglary rates have dropped precipitously in the past 30
               | years from ~1250 per 100k to ~300 per 100k.
               | 
               | Source:
               | https://www.statista.com/statistics/191243/reported-
               | burglary...
        
               | deelowe wrote:
               | LOL. There's no reason a lot of times. We have a major
               | "joyriding" epidemic in my city and it's just idiot kids
               | making tiktok videos for fun.
        
               | candiddevmike wrote:
               | Society probably needs to have a frank conversation about
               | if things like TikTok are a net benefit or not.
        
               | willmadden wrote:
               | TikTok is fine. Criminals need to be locked up in a
               | prison.
        
           | andrewla wrote:
           | If you can make it win-win for everyone involved, then sure,
           | but there's no such thing as a free lunch.
           | 
           | Individuals have agency; they are not slaves of any "root
           | cause". The individual decision of a person to burgle may
           | have correlations to statistical characteristics of their
           | situation, but unless we understand the base rate of that set
           | of circumstances we will never be able to address it without
           | restricting the agency of others in that cohort.
           | 
           | And the level of intrusiveness necessary to establish the
           | cohort of individuals requires a degree of surveillance that
           | is ripe for abuse and incompatible with personal liberty.
        
       | hed wrote:
       | > Unsurprisingly, however, the court found that in 2018, police
       | could have relied on such a warrant in "good faith," because
       | geofence technology was novel, and police reached out to other
       | agencies with more experience for guidance. This means that the
       | evidence they obtained will not be suppressed in this case.
       | 
       | That the guy's case gets a right affirmed yet in his individual
       | case it won't make a difference has to be a pretty bitter pill to
       | swallow.
        
         | cryptonector wrote:
         | It also makes it hard for the government to appeal the ruling,
         | which then might just stand as precedent throughout the 5th
         | circuit.
        
         | RetpolineDrama wrote:
         | What utter nonsense on behalf of the courts. The "good faith"
         | defense is irrelevant to the finding that a fundamental right
         | was violated, and to deny the original defendant relief like
         | this is just absurd.
        
           | cryptonector wrote:
           | This is a way for the courts not to get bad press. For the
           | defendant at the time this is a terrible ending. For everyone
           | else it's still nice. From a court's perspective this is a
           | good compromise.
        
             | Supermancho wrote:
             | If this was about discrimination of race, as a rights
             | violation, it is clear that good faith is irrelevant.
             | Rights supercede good faith and the presumption or previous
             | decisions are improper.
        
         | khuey wrote:
         | Basically every noteworthy Fourth Amendment case works this way
         | unfortunately.
        
         | andrewla wrote:
         | I am not a lawyer, but the language of the opinion [1] seems to
         | indicate that the geofence itself is not admissible, but
         | evidence obtained as a result of it is still admissible:
         | 
         | > On November 4, 2022, Smith filed a Motion to Suppress-- which
         | the other Appellants joined--seeking to suppress all evidence
         | derived from the November 2018 geofence warrant which was used
         | to identify them as suspects.
         | 
         | They were identified as suspects, and further investigation
         | produced more evidence, which formed the case. What they are
         | saying is that the good faith exception prevents this from
         | tainting all derived evidence in this case, which seems
         | reasonable.
         | 
         | The good faith exception is an exception to the exclusionary
         | rule, not to the admissibility of the evidence itself.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://www.ca5.uscourts.gov/opinions/pub/23/23-60321-CR0.pd...
        
           | flavius29663 wrote:
           | > the opinion [1] seems to indicate that the geofence itself
           | is not admissible, but evidence obtained as a result of it is
           | still admissible
           | 
           | That means they can geofence to get a short list of suspects,
           | and then file proper warrants for some of them if they have
           | more clues?
        
             | burkaman wrote:
             | Not anymore, now that this precedent is set.
        
               | ticviking wrote:
               | I'm still wondering how this precedent prevents parallel
               | construction nonsense
        
           | bongodongobob wrote:
           | I don't see how that's reasonable.
           | 
           | "Well we kicked down the door to your house, which was wrong,
           | but look at all this good evidence we got! I mean, c'mon, the
           | guy is clearly guilty..."
        
             | jkeuhlen wrote:
             | Intent is the key to the good faith exception here.
             | 
             | If you intend to kick down a door to find evidence of
             | wrongdoing, anything you find is inadmissible. But if you
             | kick down a door because someone on the other side is
             | screaming for help, evidence of other wrongdoing that you
             | find is admissible still.
             | 
             | Here, they are saying that they had good reason to believe
             | they could operate in the way that they did, so while the
             | geofence evidence itself isn't able to be used, other
             | evidence derived from that work is still usable. But going
             | forwards, no one can use the geofence technique in good
             | faith.
        
         | OldSchool wrote:
         | Was "Stop and Frisk" by the NYPD also in good faith for the
         | decade or more that it took to get it declared
         | unconstitutional?
        
       | Terr_ wrote:
       | Even if practices so far have been unconstitutionally broad and
       | sloppy, are there _any_ scenarios where such a warrant for that
       | kind of data could be valid?
       | 
       | For example, a small cottage in the woods is burned down with
       | gasoline on a night the owner is absent. The police want to find
       | the arsonist by asking for phones that connected to that tower
       | that night, and there happen to be only 3 results, two of which
       | are known neighbors. Still too broad?
       | 
       | In other words, should some of this hinge on the varying
       | size/specificity of the result-set, rather than the query-
       | parameters in isolation?
        
         | wordpad25 wrote:
         | I think maybe they will still use it, it's just not admissable
         | as evidence in court
        
           | hwillis wrote:
           | https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/fruit_of_the_poisonous_tree
           | 
           | > Fruit of the poisonous trees is a doctrine that extends the
           | exclusionary rule to make evidence inadmissible in court if
           | it was derived from evidence that was illegally obtained.
        
             | ceejayoz wrote:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_construction
             | 
             | Another officer will get an "anonymous tip".
        
             | andrewla wrote:
             | GP is probably referring to the practice of "Evidence
             | Laundering" which has been deployed from time to time by
             | law enforcement.
             | 
             | Still dubious that this would be used that way just because
             | telecoms would be aware of this potential for misuse and
             | would not give the data up without a subpeona or warrant,
             | which under this ruling would not be allowed.
        
               | cryptonector wrote:
               | Government: we want a geofence warrant for ...
               | 
               | Court: no
               | 
               | Government: how much $ for this data?
               | 
               | Telco/bigtechco: ah, now we're talking
        
             | cryptonector wrote:
             | _Back reconstruction enters the chat_
        
         | hwillis wrote:
         | A suspect runs into a garage with several unlocked cars,
         | including yours. The suspect had drugs when he went into the
         | garage and didn't when he came out. The drugs may be in any of
         | the cars or none of them.
         | 
         | You would not get a search warrant in that case unless your car
         | was the only one in the garage. The police don't know if there
         | is three or even one phone connected to the tower in that time,
         | and they should not get a warrant.
        
           | tantalor wrote:
           | How far can probable cause stretch?
           | 
           | Can I say, "well it's probably in one of those 3 cars" so
           | then I can get a warrant?
           | 
           | After the Boston Marathon bombing, they searched a 20-block
           | area for the suspect (and found him). Was that legal?
        
             | HeatrayEnjoyer wrote:
             | Wasn't it a voluntary search?
        
             | vngzs wrote:
             | There's actually a _Slate_ article covering this topic[0].
             | First, consent was given for certain homes. However, the
             | article also notes that under  "exigent circumstances"
             | warrantless searches are permitted:
             | 
             | > In _exigent circumstances_ , or emergency situations,
             | police can conduct warrantless searches to protect public
             | safety. This exception to the Fourth Amendment's probable
             | cause requirement normally addresses situations of "hot
             | pursuit," in which an escaping suspect is tracked to a
             | private home. But it might also apply to the events
             | unfolding in Boston if further harm or injury might be
             | supposed to occur in the time it takes to secure a warrant.
             | A bomber believed to be armed and planning more violence
             | would almost certainly meet such prerequisites.
             | 
             | [0]: https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2013/04/boston-
             | bomber-ma...
        
             | nvy wrote:
             | A resident found him in his boat in his back yard and
             | called police.
        
             | lesuorac wrote:
             | > After the Boston Marathon bombing, they searched a
             | 20-block area for the suspect (and found him). Was that
             | legal?
             | 
             | Uh, why wouldn't a cop be allowed to walk/drive/fly-over
             | public roadways in a 20-block area and look from public
             | land in any direction?
             | 
             | Also do note, they knew specifically who they were looking
             | for and had location data from their cellphones [1]. Not a
             | judge, but if I was and somebody wanted a search warrant to
             | find a person at a location and their evidence was the
             | dude's cellphone is there, I'd grant it.
             | 
             | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzhokhar_Tsarnaev#Manhun
             | t_and_...
        
           | deelowe wrote:
           | > The police don't know if there is three or even one phone
           | connected to the tower in that time.
           | 
           | Huh? The entire point the parent was making is that they do
           | "know" which cell phones were connected during specific
           | times.
        
             | bryant wrote:
             | > Huh? The entire point the parent was making is that they
             | do "know" which cell phones were connected during specific
             | times.
             | 
             | As I understand it, the point is that law enforcement does
             | not know this, and thus they send a request to the service
             | provider for _all_ devices within this geofence within this
             | timebox.
             | 
             | The service provider must then search the entirety of the
             | relevant datastores for devices matching the geo- and time
             | requirements.
        
             | andrewla wrote:
             | In the specific cases in question, the officers had video
             | evidence of one of the perpetrators using a cell phone, and
             | used that to justify the warrant. The court ruled that even
             | this was insufficient, but is part of the reason why they
             | are not applying the exclusionary rule to these cases even
             | though the evidence itself is inadmissible.
        
           | crazygringo wrote:
           | Wait, really?
           | 
           | If police say they have extremely good evidence to believe
           | the drugs are in the garage, in the scenario you described, a
           | court wouldn't issue a search warrant for the garage
           | including any cars it contains?
           | 
           | I'm genuinely surprised. Is there a name for whatever legal
           | principle prevents the court from doing so? I'd like to learn
           | more about this.
           | 
           | Because from Wikipedia [1], I'd have assumed that this would
           | be a cut-and-dried instance of probable cause [2]. Is it
           | about the vehicle owners being different from the garage
           | owner?
           | 
           | [1]
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_warrant#United_States
           | 
           | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probable_cause
        
       | fsckboy wrote:
       | I'm pretty up on current events, but I did not know/recall what a
       | geofence warrant is. It's the "what cellphones pinged here"
       | search warrant:
       | 
       |  _A geofence warrant is a type of search warrant that allows law
       | enforcement to collect location data from devices within a
       | specific geographic area (the "geofence") during a particular
       | time period. This warrant enables investigators to:_
       | 
       |  _1. Identify devices present in the area_
       | 
       |  _2. Collect location data, such as GPS coordinates or cell tower
       | information_
       | 
       |  _3. Link devices to specific locations and times_
        
         | cryptonector wrote:
         | It's also "what devices Google saw in these areas at these
         | times", which is much higher quality than cell tower
         | triangulation.
        
       | xyst wrote:
       | Can a FOIA request reveal if your phone has ever been included in
       | one of these geofence warrants?
        
       | from-nibly wrote:
       | > it is essential that every person feels like they can simply
       | take their cell phone out into the world without the fear that
       | they might end up a criminal suspect because their location data
       | was swept up in open-ended digital dragnet.
       | 
       | This single ruling, does nothing to make me feel any better about
       | this. Everyone can be swept up in "some digital dragnet" because
       | everyone's data is everywhere, and it's impossible to manage
       | without hauling off to the woods and disconnecting from the
       | internet at large.
        
         | cryptonector wrote:
         | This ruling is a huge step in the right direction. To gather
         | all the data you speak of requires some entity (entities,
         | really) -currently not the government- to gather it and then
         | make it available for subpoenas and warrants, which would then
         | fall [in the 5th circuit anyways, right now] under this
         | precedent.
         | 
         | The government could get into the business of building [under
         | cover] popular apps so as to gather that data themselves, but
         | that would take a great deal of time and money, and most
         | importantly competence!
        
           | sroussey wrote:
           | Or just pay a data broker.
        
       | w10-1 wrote:
       | > the quintessential problem with these warrants is that they
       | never include a specific user to be identified, only a temporal
       | and geographic location where any given user may turn up post-
       | search
       | 
       | In that case, it's illegal to look in the phone book for names
       | starting with "john" because that's not a specific user.
       | 
       | From the ruling emphasizes a search through the "entire" database
       | as a kind of rummaging through everything in a house, but that's
       | clearly inapt. First, it shouldn't matter whether Google just
       | needs to check an index vs. doing a full scan. Second, there's no
       | reason to assume a digital search has the same privacy
       | implications as a house search. It's just assuming what you're
       | trying to prove. `While the results of a geofence warrant may be
       | narrowly tailored, the search itself is not` is relevant only if
       | the search itself is an invasion of privacy.
       | 
       | So even (especially?) if I preferred the result in this case,
       | that reasoning is not likely to hold up in a conflict with the
       | 4th circuit. It's exactly this kind of weak conflict that gives
       | the Supreme Court too much latitude to draw lines as they see
       | fit.
       | 
       | edit: sorry, removed disrespect for the EFF
        
         | nvy wrote:
         | >In that case, it's illegal to look in the phone book for names
         | starting with "john" because that's not a specific user.
         | 
         | That's an absurd reduction, and not at all analogous to the
         | situation discussed in TFA.
        
           | w10-1 wrote:
           | I agree the situations are different and this situation
           | warrants privacy protection.
           | 
           | However, the court fails to articulate anything close to a
           | workable rule in its reasoning.
           | 
           | Further, because the actual outcome was an upheld search d/t
           | good faith reliance, the finding of unconstitutionality is
           | basically dicta, and would/should be ignored by other
           | districts and even in the same district.
           | 
           | I don't think this ruling offers the protections people want
           | or should have. I think that point stands, however hidden by
           | downvoting.
        
         | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
         | > In that case, it's illegal to look in the phone book for
         | names starting with "john" because that's not a specific user.
         | 
         | No. Working with that analogy, this ruling indicates you can't
         | get one warrant that applies to everyone in the book - simply
         | because they are listed in the same geographic area.
         | 
         | A phone-book warrant would not be in harmony with the 4th
         | Amendment.
        
           | creer wrote:
           | Does it mean that it would be constitutional if each tower
           | kept its own log? Or then, if the database server collated a
           | separate log for each tower as it went?
           | 
           | How would one-log-per-tower be different from a surveillance
           | video tape?
           | 
           | Hmmm... elements of an answer: there is no doubt more in the
           | decision but from the EFF writeup: (1) "individuals have a
           | reasonable expectation of privacy in the location data", (2)
           | "sensitive information about a person's associations and
           | allow police to "follow" them into private spaces", (3)
           | "require a provider, almost always Google, to search "the
           | entirety" of its reserve of location data "while law
           | enforcement officials have no idea who they are looking for,
           | or whether the search will even turn up a result.""
           | 
           | So it sounds like one-log-per-tower would take care of the
           | third point (the warrant would call for 1-4 specific towers
           | or something), but the court still found an expectation of
           | privacy in cell phone location, and an expectation that this
           | sensitive private info might intrude of private spaces. As
           | opposed to a video camera which views a public space.
        
       | andrewla wrote:
       | Interesting tangent to this is that Google has recently announced
       | that they are shutting down their "Timeline" service in favor of
       | having that information stored locally on the user device. I
       | wonder if this is a "do no evil" reaction to geofence warrants --
       | if Google does not have the information they cannot give it to
       | law enforcement. This has been Google's practice in other
       | situation (GDPR) where retaining information inherently exposes
       | Google's customers to law enforcement violations of their privacy
       | via Google itself.
        
         | weaksauce wrote:
         | > do no evil
         | 
         | google dropped that slogan a decade or more ago
        
           | andrewla wrote:
           | > And remember ... don't be evil, and if you see something
           | that you think isn't right -- speak up! [1]
           | 
           | [1] http://abc.xyz/investor/google-code-of-conduct
        
             | mc32 wrote:
             | Please snitch. No, I mean it, snitch on the dirty things
             | Google does in gathering user data and selling behavioral
             | data to the largest bidder.
             | 
             | I'm for total blind advertising. Non-targeted --not on the
             | individual level. No smaller than ZIP.
        
           | ikmckenz wrote:
           | No, they didn't. After corporate restructuring, parent
           | company Alphabet uses a different cute slogan, while Google
           | retains "don't be evil" in their code of conduct.
        
       | whartung wrote:
       | So, this is about taking a blind sample of an area to see if
       | anyone is suspicious.
       | 
       | This is in contrast to having a named suspect, and then analyzing
       | their phone data to see if they were in the area? That's still
       | legit discovery?
        
       | jmyeet wrote:
       | This is an interesting decision in historical context for several
       | reasons.
       | 
       | First, the Fifth Circuit is conservative. It includes Texas,
       | Louisianna and Alabama. It's become known as the fast-track to
       | the Supreme Court as it has ruled very conservatively at both the
       | district and appellate level. This problem is exacerbated by how
       | the Fifth Circuit is organized where the districts in the circuit
       | are divided into divisions of often 1-2 judges, allowing
       | plaintiffs to very effectively "judge shop".
       | 
       | Second, in modern times the Fourth Amendment has been
       | consistently weakened by successive Supreme Court. A notable
       | example if the 1968 case Terry v. Ohio that allowed police to
       | stop people and search them without probably cause. Another huge
       | example if the whole concept of civil asset forfeiture, which was
       | justified by (IMHO) the most contorted mental gymnastics: this
       | pile of money has no rights. But it was found in someone's car.
       | How is it not their property and thus the Fourth Amendment
       | limitation on unlawful search and seizure should apply?
       | 
       | Third, the Supreme Court will likely take this case up now. Why?
       | Because the Fourth and Fifth Circuits have issued conflicting
       | rulings. That's when the Supreme Court steps in, more often than
       | not.
       | 
       | Fourth, if a user's location data has a rasonable expectation of
       | privacy, it raises the question of what other data has a
       | reasonable expectation of privacy? What about law enforcemen tuse
       | of Stingrays? Or facial recognition systems?
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2024-08-12 23:00 UTC)