[HN Gopher] Bioluminescent petunias now available for U.S. market
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Bioluminescent petunias now available for U.S. market
        
       Author : geox
       Score  : 253 points
       Date   : 2024-02-14 01:14 UTC (21 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (lgrmag.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (lgrmag.com)
        
       | westurner wrote:
       | https://www.light.bio/
       | 
       | "An improved pathway for autonomous bioluminescence imaging in
       | eukaryotes" (2024)
       | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41592-023-02152-y :
       | 
       | > Abstract: _The discovery of the bioluminescence pathway in the
       | fungus Neonothopanus nambi enabled engineering of eukaryotes with
       | self-sustained luminescence. However, the brightness of
       | luminescence in heterologous hosts was limited by performance of
       | the native fungal enzymes. Here we report optimized versions of
       | the pathway that enhance bioluminescence by one to two orders of
       | magnitude in plant, fungal and mammalian hosts, and enable
       | longitudinal video-rate imaging._
        
       | carlosjobim wrote:
       | This is incredible!
       | 
       | > Can I propagate or breed the Firefly Petunias? Our Firefly
       | Petunias are protected under patent, and as such, propagation and
       | breeding are not permitted. These petunias are sold exclusively
       | for personal use.
       | 
       | Good luck to them with that. If these plants in real life are
       | anything like in the videos, they will be grown and sold world
       | wide in massive amounts and nobody will give a hoot about some
       | patent.
        
         | Crespyl wrote:
         | I'm sure if someone opened a commercial scale operation, at
         | least in the US, they'd be able to sue, but you're right that
         | as soon as it goes worldwide there's no practical way to
         | prevent "piracy".
         | 
         | It'll be interesting to see if/how they try to lock it down
         | genetically, I think it's possible to make the plants unable to
         | produce seeds, but propagation is trickier. Monsanto might have
         | some tips for them.
        
           | labster wrote:
           | What if someone inserted the gene in a human embryo, but
           | didn't pay the royalty? Would the pregnancy have to be
           | aborted to protect the IP, or would it be enough to cease and
           | desist future distribution of the gene via castration? I mean
           | it sounds harsh but the parent did violate intellectual
           | property law.
        
             | p1mrx wrote:
             | IP schipey, I want my lumen-man!
        
             | hugryhoop wrote:
             | Human rights have priority over IP rights.
        
               | echelon wrote:
               | There's a photographer suing a tattoo artist over this
               | right now. The outcome will be interesting.
        
               | yreg wrote:
               | But I'm sure they are not proposing killing off the
               | tattooed person.
        
               | labster wrote:
               | No, but the verdict could have cost an arm and a leg.
               | 
               | @GP: Yes, but what does the law say about transhuman
               | rights? At what point has one added/removed things that
               | they're no longer a natural person?
        
               | dekhn wrote:
               | the photographer already lost.
        
         | UncleOxidant wrote:
         | It seems likely that the seeds you get from these plants won't
         | produce plants that have the same characteristics as the
         | parents.
        
           | alexose wrote:
           | What about tissue culture?
        
           | bear141 wrote:
           | Cloning is very easy.
        
         | slimsag wrote:
         | Patents are a major PITA even in home gardening and small-scale
         | nurseries. People have to respect the patents because a lot of
         | plant sales are online these days, through Etsy and stuff, and
         | the company will sue the ever living shit out of you if they
         | find out you are selling them, especially on any meaningful
         | scale.
         | 
         | Some of the best tomato seed varieties are often patented, e.g.
         | F1 hybrid sungold tomatoes (though reproducing those is also
         | annoying because they are a hybrid and people generally want
         | seeds.) There are groups[0] which try to make varieties as
         | heirlooms (i.e. collect-and-plant) seeds that are copyleft
         | licensed[0].
         | 
         | For another interesting example of recent plant developments,
         | Norfolk Plant Sciences developed purple tomatoes and recently
         | began selling seeds of them. Unlike other purple tomatoes (of
         | which there are only a few) these have purple meat inside,
         | incorporating a gene from snapdragon flowers, which also keeps
         | the tomatoes good longer. They are patented, $20 for just 10
         | seeds.
         | 
         | Another small company, Baker Creek's "Purple Galaxy" tomatoes,
         | has been suspected of re-selling Norfolk's purple tomato seeds
         | and recently stopped selling them due to 'low stock' (suspected
         | cease-and-desist) - as a minor controversy in the gardening
         | community last week, though allegedly Baker's Creek is a white
         | nationalist group so YMMV on whose side you want to take there.
         | 
         | Anyway, plants are fun!
         | 
         | [0] https://osseeds.org/
        
           | carlosjobim wrote:
           | Outside the US neither individuals or companies care about
           | patents when it comes to these kind of things. Sure, maybe a
           | nation's largest plant company will respect the patents, but
           | the local plant store won't. And they are almost the whole
           | market.
        
           | nkurz wrote:
           | > Another small company, Baker Creek's "Purple Galaxy"
           | tomatoes, has been suspected of re-selling Norfolk's purple
           | tomato seeds and recently stopped selling them due to 'low
           | stock' (suspected cease-and-desist)
           | 
           | I'm familiar with this, but it sounds like you might know
           | more details. Do you really mean "re-selling"? I'd presumed
           | that the accusation was that they were planning to sell a
           | cross-bred plant that involved genes from the patented
           | variety, but my search attempts on the tomato forums weren't
           | very successful. Is there a better "inside scoop" story out
           | there to be found or is it all guesswork at this point?
        
             | slimsag wrote:
             | Definitely all guesses and assumptions, I do not mean re-
             | selling, just cross-bred (possibly accidentally) with a
             | patented variety. My source is just comments from random
             | gardeners in /r/gardening[0] and I don't have any insider
             | info. Normally I would hesitate to play the telephone game
             | on such topics, but given the controversy about Baker Creek
             | otherwise I don't feel too bad about it in this case.
             | 
             | [0] https://www.reddit.com/r/gardening/comments/1akcwog/thi
             | s_loo...
        
       | westurner wrote:
       | Bioluminescence: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioluminescence
        
       | Dig1t wrote:
       | This is totally awesome. I would love to see these in person.
       | 
       | However, the one thing I really don't like is this:
       | 
       | >Our Firefly Petunias are protected under patent, and as such,
       | propagation and breeding are not permitted. These petunias are
       | sold exclusively for personal use.
       | 
       | I think this is wrong, it should not be possible to patent life
       | forms.
        
         | Mistletoe wrote:
         | Luckily it is quite easy to clone plants!
         | 
         | https://www.flowerpatchfarmhouse.com/grow-petunias-from-cutt...
         | 
         | I'm sure they will go after stores that sell them but for the
         | home grower, buy one and clone away.
        
         | charliebwrites wrote:
         | On the other hand "Pirating bioluminescent flowers" sounds
         | metal as hell
        
         | throwawaymaths wrote:
         | Technically (in the US) it's only possible to patent plants and
         | I think legally yeasts are considered plants.
         | 
         | This is "to promote progress in the science and useful art of
         | agronomy".
         | 
         | Not defending it, just stating what the law is.
        
           | whatshisface wrote:
           | I initially reacted to it negatively, but on thinking about
           | it I realize that glowing plants are about as natural as
           | polyethylene factories, so I get the logic behind the
           | patentability, and can even see some benefits. Hopefully the
           | patent will reduce the total number of these abominations
           | grown.
        
             | throwawaymaths wrote:
             | Well where on that spectrum does honeycrisp apple or Maui
             | gold pineapple belong?
        
               | whatshisface wrote:
               | Somewhere in the middle. Honeycrisp apples are a
               | combination of naturally occurring genes, but they are
               | propagated clonally and in fact cannot reproduce true to
               | themselves. They'd never have arisen without careful
               | cultivation, and (this part is important) another group
               | crossing the same original cultivars as the developers of
               | the honeycrisp used wouldn't get the same apple. So it's
               | a combination that is unique to its inventors, rather
               | than a patent on something anybody could do - and nobody
               | will infringe by accident.
               | 
               | An example of a bad patent would be a patent on a process
               | anybody trying to solve the problem would come up with -
               | that's a needless restraint on trade - and an example of
               | a truly horrible patent would be one on a human gene.
               | Those existed until 2013, when the supreme court finally
               | ruled against them.
        
               | throwawaymaths wrote:
               | Seems arbitrary and liable to abuse due to the patent
               | office gonna call it obvious to deny you the patent
               | because the officer's friend has a similar patent.
        
               | whatshisface wrote:
               | The rule against a trivial invention already exists, but
               | as you suggest, interpretation creates a huge amount of
               | criticism for the patent system.
        
               | mnw21cam wrote:
               | What you have just said about the Honeycrisp apple is
               | true about _all_ apples. That 's how apple varieties have
               | been created since the dawn of time. There's nothing
               | special about Honeycrisp - they basically tried planting
               | loads of seeds after crossing various trees with each
               | other, did a massive taste testing and picked the
               | resulting tree that won the lottery. Then that single
               | tree was propagated by cuttings to make every single
               | Honeycrisp apple tree in existence. But that's how all
               | apple varieties are made.
        
               | throwawaymaths wrote:
               | Wasn't honeycrisp made with irradiated soil?
        
               | mnw21cam wrote:
               | That's not mentioned in
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeycrisp or anywhere else
               | I can find.
        
               | shellfishgene wrote:
               | You could also argue that as honeycrisp were created by
               | randomly crossing other varieties, and then picking the
               | one appple with the most desireable qualities out of
               | hundreds, this is not really patent-worthy as nothing was
               | designed by the breeder.
               | 
               | The glowing petunias on the other hand were a proper
               | invention, inserting a working, novel biochemical pathway
               | into a plant is quite hard.
        
               | sampo wrote:
               | > Honeycrisp apples are a combination of naturally
               | occurring genes, but they are propagated clonally and in
               | fact cannot reproduce true to themselves.
               | 
               |  _All_ apple cultivars are like that.
               | 
               | https://theconversation.com/how-a-few-good-apples-
               | spawned-to...
        
           | nottorp wrote:
           | Order one glowing petunia.
           | 
           | Plant a cutting in the neighbor's yard.
           | 
           | Neighbor goes to jail.
           | 
           | Profit!
        
         | Aurornis wrote:
         | > I think this is wrong, it should not be possible to patent
         | life forms.
         | 
         | Consider that if they couldn't protect their work, they never
         | would have invested the money into making these and offering
         | them for sale to begin with.
         | 
         | I understand why some might find it unpleasant, but the fact
         | that these exist at all is a testament to why such protections
         | are available.
        
           | KerrAvon wrote:
           | It's not, though. There is a perfectly viable market of seeds
           | and such for non-biolumenescent plants. You can, in fact,
           | plant watermelon seeds and use the seeds in the resulting
           | watermelon to plant more watermelon plants. Crazy.
        
             | Aurornis wrote:
             | > There is a perfectly viable market of seeds and such for
             | non-biolumenescent plants.
             | 
             | I don't understand what you're trying to argue, but the
             | patent laws aren't designed to patent generic, pre-existing
             | plants like generic watermelon.
        
             | pests wrote:
             | How is that crazy? That's how plants work.
             | 
             | This is not a natural plant though.
        
             | shellfishgene wrote:
             | That's not really true for most popular high-performance
             | varieties, most are hybrids and growing them from the
             | harvested seed will lose the characteristics. That's why
             | most commercial farmers buy from a supplier every year
             | instead of saving seeds, and that's the reason for a viable
             | market.
        
               | ryathal wrote:
               | Commercial farmers also sign agreements to not plant
               | harvested seeds. Monsanto has successfully sued several
               | farmers for not complying with that contract.
        
           | autoexec wrote:
           | > Consider that if they couldn't protect their work, they
           | never would have invested the money into making these and
           | offering them for sale to begin with.
           | 
           | That's a massive assumption. Plenty of other plants are sold
           | every single day that aren't patented. There's zero reason to
           | assume that they couldn't make a very nice profit on these
           | plants without a patent. Just like every single florist in
           | the country does.
        
             | lukas099 wrote:
             | Those plants probably had nowhere near the R&D costs of the
             | glowing petunias
        
             | shellfishgene wrote:
             | I think they would lose nonethless, because they are
             | specialized on genetic modification, and if there was no
             | patent protection any experienced mass grower of petunias
             | could undercut them by buying a single plant, cloning it,
             | and growing it in large numbers.
        
               | autoexec wrote:
               | Anyone selling petunias last year could have also
               | undercut the next guy selling petunias because they were
               | already selling basically identical products, no cloning
               | step needed, but somehow multiple florists manage to
               | exist and be profitable.
        
           | samus wrote:
           | For this plant maybe, as they are pretty much a frivolity.
           | Actual cash crops are another story.
           | 
           | Edit: it also seems that nontrivial engineering work was
           | required to improve bioluminescence. It was not as simple as
           | straightforwardly splicing in a few genes from a mushroom.
        
         | shellfishgene wrote:
         | From the nature article linked above: "When asked whether Light
         | Bio is worried about plant lovers sharing cuttings of the
         | petunia with friends, Sarkisyan says that although the firm
         | owns patents for the technology, it doesn't plan to crack down
         | aggressively on the behaviour. "The most positive way of
         | dealing with it is to come up with new, better products," he
         | says."
        
         | stubish wrote:
         | This is how rose breeders stay in business. They get the rights
         | to profit off their work, time limited rights over the life
         | form they created. Where it gets messy is people copyrighting
         | stuff they didn't develop or breed, just what they happened to
         | discover and analyze first.
        
         | zokier wrote:
         | Have you heard about Monsanto?
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsanto#Legal_affairs
         | 
         | Apparently plants have been patented already for nearly a
         | century, I didn't know that: https://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-
         | waves/2023/august/expanded-in...
         | 
         | But yes, its controversial, and for good reason. But so is most
         | of IP law to some degree.
        
         | sampo wrote:
         | > it should not be possible to patent life forms
         | 
         | If you count plant patents as patents, then almost all
         | commercially used asexually propagated plant cultivars are
         | patented.
         | 
         | https://www.uspto.gov/patents/basics/apply/plant-patent
        
       | bloopernova wrote:
       | These plants remind me of the Cheshires from the book "The Windup
       | Girl". Despite being scientifically impossible, the Cheshires
       | illustrate unforeseen consequences very well. They are
       | genetically engineered cats that can blend exceptionally well
       | into their surroundings, like an octopus. They were made as party
       | favours for an young girl's birthday party, but escaped and out-
       | bred/out-hunted domestic cats to become dominant across the
       | world.
       | 
       | There's a great critique of the lack of scientific rigour in
       | Paolo Bacigalupi's novel, well worth a read if you like poor
       | science being excoriated:
       | 
       | https://www.nyrsf.com/2015/10/eric-schaller-the-problem-with...
        
         | fbdab103 wrote:
         | Did himself no favors if the leading argument was that "20
         | years is too fast to replace a species." Like, fine? Call it a
         | hundred and move onto a more damning critique. Only skimmed the
         | rest, but several of them also seem to be making a lot of some
         | off-hand flavor text.
         | 
         | Is it perfect? No, but I enjoyed the novel quite a bit.
        
           | boxed wrote:
           | As I remember it in the book, the genes were crispr-driven.
           | Meaning ALL offspring got the new genes. So a modified cat
           | having any offspring with a non-modified cat got these genes.
           | So it's not really out-competing that determines the spread
           | speed, it's outcompeting AND any and all interbreeding.
        
         | ildjarn wrote:
         | I don't look for scientific rigour in sci fi myself.
        
           | Angostura wrote:
           | And yet it can be fun, if you find it.
        
             | TeMPOraL wrote:
             | There's a whole subgenre of maximally scientifically
             | rigorous sci-fi, it's great fun.
        
               | arethuza wrote:
               | Sounds interesting, do you have some recommendations?
        
               | salad-tycoon wrote:
               | The Martian, is the most accessible and interesting "hard
               | sci fi" I've read. The RC Bray narrated version is
               | excellent (and I think delisted). Otherwise, that's your
               | search term. I'm interested in more recommendations too
               | some times the story is lacking in this genre.
               | 
               | Side note: very interesting writing process for the
               | Martian, as I remember it, he developed it chapter by
               | chapter with his readers who would critique it on his
               | blog. Later books were not as good (after he was famous)
               | but project Hail Mary was a turn around.
        
               | arethuza wrote:
               | But doesn't The Martian have a well-known scientific
               | inaccuracy around the actual physical effects of winds on
               | Mars - which is kind of vital to the plot?
               | 
               | NB I really like The Martian (and like SF in general).
        
               | mnw21cam wrote:
               | Yes. The atmosphere is completely wrong. Ignore that and
               | the rest is pretty good.
               | 
               | As for recommendations, I'd say loads of the books by
               | Arthur C. Clarke. Try "A fall of moondust".
        
               | rini17 wrote:
               | I was like...mkay the wind was one time plot device.
               | Bigger issue is that he seemed to grow potatoes inside
               | with no mention of lighting at all? That was major
               | omission for me, grow lights require plenty of energy and
               | thus waste heat.
        
               | arethuza wrote:
               | Sunlight on Mars is about 40% of what it is on Earth -
               | and given that potatoes seem to grow quite well in the
               | less sunny parts of this planet (such as here in
               | Scotland) then I'm willing to not get too critical on
               | that particular point.
        
               | IntrepidWorm wrote:
               | More damning would be the perchlorates found in Martian
               | soil, toxic to most Earth-plants, not to mention Earth-
               | humans.
        
               | i3oi3 wrote:
               | Dragons Egg by Robert Forward had always been one of my
               | favorites. Asks the question "what would like be like if
               | it evolved on a neutron star," and has 20 pages of his
               | notes on working out the physics at the end of the book.
        
               | arethuza wrote:
               | I remember one wit on Usenet saying that the strangest
               | aliens ever portrayed in science fiction were the people
               | in Robert Forward books....
               | 
               | Certainly the physics in the couple books of his I read
               | was interesting but the writing left a lot to be desired.
        
               | slfnflctd wrote:
               | I read Dragon's Egg and the sequel, Starquake, as a
               | teenager. I remembered them being deeply engrossing.
               | 
               | I revisited the first one 20-ish years later in an
               | attempt to get my partner interested. I only made it a
               | few chapters before I decided to abandon the attempt.
               | There are some really good parts (the science stuff), but
               | the way the human characters' interactions were described
               | I just could not get past.
        
         | TeMPOraL wrote:
         | I remember that book; I think someone on HN suggested it when I
         | asked for "biopunk" recommendations. It's definitely less bio
         | than "Change Agent" by Daniel Suarez (which incidentally, IIRC,
         | had more of genetically engineered animals for kids too) - but
         | what I remember most about "The Windup Girl" is _spring power_.
         | The book made me interested in mechanical energy storage and
         | mechanical energy-based systems in general.
        
           | bitcurious wrote:
           | You might enjoy reading about the spring drive watch
           | movements Seiko makes.
        
         | dvh wrote:
         | Meanwhile in real world we go completely opposite direction -
         | degenerate munchkin cats
        
           | nothercastle wrote:
           | The best kind of cat is mentally disabled. Just sits purrs
           | and chases random things
        
           | IntrepidWorm wrote:
           | im not sure I want a lithe hunter stalking through my house,
           | marking every surface and attacking everything that breathes.
           | I much prefer my dopey dander machines that sleep on my
           | chest, flop around on the ground chasing the pocket lint they
           | dug out of my trashcan, and superhero-leaping off their tree
           | onto the couch to wake the other one with a screech.
           | 
           | If I owned a farm and needed a ratter, I'd likely feel
           | different.
        
       | jseip wrote:
       | Plant nerd here. Pre-ordered one of these and was not impressed.
       | Checkout flow loses a step and shipping is almost as much as the
       | cost of a pre-order.
        
         | slimsag wrote:
         | I'm confused, you got one already and didn't like it? or you
         | just didn't like ordering it?
        
           | pests wrote:
           | They dont ship until spring so he is only complaining about
           | the checkout flow.
        
       | UberFly wrote:
       | The photo of the petunias in the article remind me of photos
       | people take of their various tritium devices. It's always a long
       | exposure to make it much more impressive than it actually is.
        
         | Smoosh wrote:
         | It's the same with ocean bioluminescence. Your eyes adapt to
         | the dark and see it better than it looks in a normal
         | photograph, but most photographs are "enhanced" as you say with
         | long exposure times and/or increased colour saturation.
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | They have a video of it with people moving. I only saw it
         | scrolling by without watching the video closely though. It does
         | have the feel of some black light being used was my first
         | thought.
        
           | TaylorAlexander wrote:
           | Well it's clear in this video that there is some mild
           | foreground light. But also the shot with the laptop is
           | interesting because laptop screens usually don't go super
           | dim, relatively speaking, and you're still seeing a clear
           | exposure of the plant glow and the laptop screen. They're
           | quite a bit dimmer than the laptop screen but if they were
           | extremely dim the laptop screen would be noticeably
           | overexposed.
           | 
           | That said I can't get a clear read on it due to the
           | foreground light.
           | 
           | https://youtu.be/5SfkWdkoKxM?si=X92failgjPMzIeFY
        
         | saiya-jin wrote:
         | Well they themselves mention up to 100x enhancement in original
         | bio luminescence. When you start with something absolutely
         | invisible to naked eye in pitch black even after some time,
         | 100x ain't that much.
        
           | TeMPOraL wrote:
           | A nit, but:
           | 
           | > _something absolutely invisible to naked eye in pitch black
           | even after some time_
           | 
           | Is it invisible, though? If it were, how would we even find
           | out it's bioluminescent? And then, IIRC visual receptors in
           | our eyes are sensitive to single-photon events. It takes a
           | bit more for us to _consciously_ perceive light, but not
           | _that_ much more[0].
           | 
           | Also, 100x enhancement is 20dB increase, which isn't little.
           | 
           | --
           | 
           | [0] - https://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Quantum/see_a_ph
           | oton....
        
         | pvaldes wrote:
         | The main problem is how to stop genetic contamination from
         | pollen. Petunias are from tomato family. As far as I know,
         | there is not cross pollination between both species, but maybe
         | with the next species tried it could be. Or jump to native
         | Solanaceae. Nobody wants this in their salad.
         | 
         | If there is something that terrifies me more than the capacity
         | of Solanaceae to make sophisticated, evil poisons is to
         | weaponize them even more with the superpower of fungus genes.
         | The new pollen allergies could rank between "nothing to see
         | here" and "next terrible problem".
        
           | malfist wrote:
           | That is not how plant breeding works. You cannot cross a
           | tomato and a petunia.
        
             | pvaldes wrote:
             | > You cannot cross a tomato and a petunia.
             | 
             | As I said previously.
             | 
             | But if you use this product in an area with native
             | Petunioideae (like for example USA), any decent consultant
             | would suggest assure that this pollen will not contaminate
             | wild populations because you are messing with 1) Genetics
             | 2) conservation of nature 3) Pollinators, and there are a
             | few bobby traps lying in your path
             | 
             | We could discover too late that the same gen codify for
             | light and a 'surprise cadeau' that will accumulate toxins
             | in the plant for example. Or that this changes the
             | structure of pollinators in an undesirable way because they
             | promote the contaminated genetics.
        
           | Loughla wrote:
           | That isn't how genetics and plant breeding works? As an
           | example; Chimpanzees, Gorillas, and orangutans are all in the
           | same family.
           | 
           | More likely would be that these cross-pollinate with other
           | petunias in someone's garden. Which is almost entirely not a
           | problem, unless there is something about these genes that
           | cause the plants to just be massively invasive and spreading.
           | 
           | But they're annuals with seeds that do not travel well, so
           | mitigation of that issue should be relatively simple, even if
           | it does exist.
        
         | Reubachi wrote:
         | This is a bit misleading. I have several photos of my >2 years
         | old tritium/phosphate activated accessories taken in twilight
         | hours, or just after that, in which the luminescence is very
         | clearly separate from any background light.(and directly
         | analagous to the brightness level in real life. )
         | 
         | Perhaps you've seen in real life some that are much
         | older/decayed? I have a bunch that I need to replace in
         | sights/flashights due to this reason, they're just much dimmer
         | than originally advertised.
         | 
         | (anyways, these flowers aren't phosphorous tubes excited by
         | radioactive decay/emission so there's no way they will be as
         | full spectrum'd/constant as the tritium vials I just
         | described.)
        
       | epiccoleman wrote:
       | I'm basically sold, and would have already ordered, but am I
       | understanding correctly that what's for sale on their site is...
       | one flower for $29? I could easily see myself dropping some money
       | to have a glow-in-the-dark-garden, but it seems like at that
       | price, getting any kind of "coverage" would be cost prohibitive.
       | 
       | Yes, yes, they can be propagated, but that's going to take a few
       | plants if I'm to have enough to have more than a few odd glowing
       | plants here and there.
       | 
       | Either way, this is super cool.
        
         | jimmytucson wrote:
         | $29 plus $24 shipping, so $53 for one flower.
        
           | slimsag wrote:
           | Not quite, you can get 3 for $107 because it applies some
           | automatic discount and shipping is not a linear cost.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | I had free petunia plants last year in the pots the previous
           | years petunias grew. No, these were not the same plants as
           | they are annuals that got pulled in the fall. Never thought
           | about them seeding themselves like that. Maybe that $53 plant
           | can do the same thing so you get a second year out of it
           | essentially halving the cost???
           | 
           | We love us some volunteers
        
             | Angostura wrote:
             | I very much doubt that these will breed true from seed
        
             | tuumi wrote:
             | You could just root some cutting and put under a grow light
             | and plant in the spring.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | Isn't that the very definition of propagating the line
               | which is protected via patent? I too doubt these would
               | grow from a seed, but at least growing a plant from a
               | seed is not patentable regardless of what Monsanto
               | thinks.
        
               | jijijijij wrote:
               | I doubt propagation is enforceable either. They mentioned
               | 'breeding' too, so they seem to have the same
               | understanding as Monsanto.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | It's really only enforceable if you attempt to make money
               | from it or even just distribute it as your own to the
               | point they find out about you. If you do anything to
               | share the new plants that prevents them from making
               | money, you'll be "guilty". If you do it just to fill in
               | your backyard, they'll never find out about you.
        
         | slimsag wrote:
         | It's not 'one flower' - it's one petunia plant. They grow 6-12
         | inches tall, and 1-4ft wide, with multiple flowers. It's like a
         | small sprawly bush. From the FAQ:
         | 
         | > The Firefly Petunia is shipped as a small plant rooted in a
         | 4" pot. As flowers tend to suffer in shipment, the petunia will
         | arrive with developing buds. It may contain a few newly opened
         | flowers. With good growing conditions, it will quickly attain
         | about 8 to 10 inches in size with abundant white flowers.
        
           | epiccoleman wrote:
           | Ah, ok, that's what I was wondering about. I was picturing
           | something much smaller. That seems a lot more reasonable -
           | still expensive for a single plant, but we are talking about
           | something pretty unique.
        
             | TaylorAlexander wrote:
             | It's a pretty reasonable price for a specialty plant.
             | Plants are cheaper at places like Home Depot but those
             | plants are also sick and bring bugs in to your house that
             | can infect your other house plants.
        
               | TurkishPoptart wrote:
               | How easy would it be to propagate into multiple plants?
        
         | PheonixPharts wrote:
         | Just wait until you learn about tulips! I never understood
         | tulip mania until my wife started planting them.
         | 
         | Tulips are annuals, so they only are expected to grow one
         | season. You often order the bulbs in summer and they're
         | delivered in fall, and then planted in early winter before the
         | ground gets too cold. They're often less than a dollar per
         | bulb, but if you've ever seen a nice arrangement, hundreds of
         | tulips is not all that much.
         | 
         | The first year my wife told me she was spending ~$300 on tulips
         | I thought she was crazy. That spring when I saw what they
         | looked like I okayed doubling the order for the next year. It's
         | really a delight to see spring announced by your yard exploding
         | in beautiful flowers.
        
           | jerrysievert wrote:
           | I have some good news for you! While tulips do not reliably
           | come back every year, sometimes skipping a year, they are
           | actually perennials.
        
             | jamiek88 wrote:
             | I have even better news. They multiply too!
        
           | dekhn wrote:
           | tulips aren't annuals where I live in California (Bay Area).
           | They come up in the same place year after year and even
           | spread a little.
        
         | smokel wrote:
         | Wait until you learn that some collectors of Galanthus
         | (Snowdrops) have paid PS1850 (~$2300) for one bulb of a new
         | variety.
         | 
         | To most, they are simply the same green and white plants, but
         | to some, they are quite the obsession.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.gardensillustrated.com/news/snowdrop-bulb-
         | sells-...
        
         | tuumi wrote:
         | I'm going to buy one of these and take cuttings and root them.
         | I have a indoor growing area so I could just keep taking
         | cuttings and making a ton of plants. I'm sure this violates
         | their TOS though.
        
           | jdhzzz wrote:
           | From the site:
           | 
           | Can I propagate or breed the Firefly Petunias? Our Firefly
           | Petunias are protected under patent, and as such, propagation
           | and breeding are not permitted. These petunias are sold
           | exclusively for personal use.
           | 
           | Propagation IS permitted as long as it's for personal use so
           | your scenario is fine. Selling a propagated plant to your
           | neighbor (or anyone else) violates the law.
        
             | jijijijij wrote:
             | > Propagation IS permitted as long as it's for personal use
             | so your scenario is fine.
             | 
             | How do you come to this conclusion from the FAQ answer
             | above?
        
               | Reubachi wrote:
               | Easy; "Our Firefly Petunias are PROTECTED UNDER PATENT,
               | and as such, propagation and breeding are not permitted.
               | These petunias are sold exclusively for personal use."
               | 
               | Patent protection is soley for protection from commercial
               | use by non patent holders. This is why they put in the
               | last line.
               | 
               | Patent protection does not stop me from building an
               | equivalent of any item protected by patent. I cannot sell
               | it commercially.
        
               | roarcher wrote:
               | > Patent protection does not stop me from building an
               | equivalent of any item protected by patent.
               | 
               | Legally it does, at least in the United States. That
               | said, I doubt this company will search your backyard in
               | the middle of the night to make sure you don't have more
               | glowing petunias than you ordered from their website.
        
         | c22 wrote:
         | There's a discount at 3 plants and free shipping at 10.
        
       | hi_hi wrote:
       | This is cool and all, but "Your Scientists Were So Preoccupied
       | With Whether Or Not They Could, They Didn't Stop To Think If They
       | Should"
       | 
       | I'm assuming these things are seedless, so they won't start
       | popping up and spreading naturally?
        
         | bongodongobob wrote:
         | So what if they did? We cross breed flowers all the time.
        
           | animal_spirits wrote:
           | This isn't cross breeding two flowers, it is plugging genes
           | from a mushroom into a flower. I can understand using GMOs to
           | grow more food to prevent starvation and malnutrition, but
           | this is messing with another living organism for pure
           | aesthetic purposes. It feels different.
        
             | roughly wrote:
             | Buddy we turned wolves into frenchies, we well and truly
             | crossed the line and burned the bridge on fucking with
             | other species for aesthetics before any of us were born.
        
               | animal_spirits wrote:
               | doesn't mean we have to keep doing it. Bulldogs suffer
               | terrible health problems because of this bullshit
               | attitude.
        
               | standardly wrote:
               | Do you think the petunias will suffer with health
               | problems?
        
               | animal_spirits wrote:
               | That's not something I'm necessarily concerned about. My
               | personal concern is the normalization of gene editing for
               | aesthetic purposes spreading to other organisms, and dogs
               | are a perfect example. Humans have been artificially
               | selecting flowers for specific aesthetic purposes for
               | centuries: Fine. Humans have been artificially selecting
               | dogs for specific aesthetic purposes for centuries: Not
               | fine. Humans begin gene editing flowers for aesthetic
               | purposes: Fine... What happens next? I don't think that
               | this implies humans are definitely going to start using
               | gene editing dogs for specific aesthetic purposes, but
               | who knows? We should be having these dialogues so that we
               | don't get caught up in this before the practice becomes
               | normalized. With great power comes great responsibility,
               | as Uncle Ben says.
        
       | yagibear wrote:
       | Nature has a more detailed article
       | https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-00383-3?s=08
       | describing why they chose petunias, and propagation via cuttings.
        
       | mholt wrote:
       | Kinda awkward, as I was curious to learn more about this plant I
       | searched their website (light.bio) and it wouldn't load for me
       | after multiple attempts. Just a blank page.
       | 
       | So I opened the dev tools and found the HTTP response of 504. Oh!
       | Their site is down, it's not just me.
       | 
       | Then I looked at the response headers.                   Server:
       | Caddy
       | 
       | *skull emoji*
       | 
       | (Of course, after my initial heart-sink, I realized that this
       | means their backend is down, and Caddy is serving up the response
       | just fine. Phew.)
        
         | Karrot_Kream wrote:
         | I see you're the author of Caddy, cool! Sometimes in Big Tech,
         | this is a way to realize that some backend service is having
         | issues because a proxy in front of the service is still
         | returning a response. It's a rare failure case at most
         | companies though.
        
           | jhardy54 wrote:
           | Isn't that what the previous comment said? I don't think HTTP
           | 504 is specific to Big Tech.
        
           | tyre wrote:
           | Explaining 504s to the author of Caddy is a move, to be sure.
        
             | mholt wrote:
             | I don't mind; my initial gut reaction forgot what the 504
             | was about. It's also helpful to other readers not as
             | familiar with the topic! :)
        
       | havaloc wrote:
       | Curiously enough, the only thing that went through the mind of
       | the bowl of petunias as it fell was Oh no, not again. Many people
       | have speculated that if we knew exactly why the bowl of petunias
       | had thought that we would know a lot more about the nature of the
       | Universe than we do now.
        
       | andsoitis wrote:
       | Petunias are annuals, so you will have to fork over $29 per year
       | per plant. There's probably no incentive for them to create a
       | bioluminescent perennial.
        
         | frozenport wrote:
         | lol. There exist bioluminescent aquarium fish that live for
         | several years. Clearly the market will provide the plant the
         | customer wants.
        
           | po wrote:
           | AFAIK, there are no bioluminescent fish available on the
           | market... There are GloFish (https://www.glofish.com) but
           | they only glow when displayed under a UV light.
        
         | whatshisface wrote:
         | I know there are laws about importing foreign plants which
         | might set seed and grow locally, becoming invasive. A modified
         | plant that had any chance of establishing itself would probably
         | face similar obstacles. I believe roundup-ready corn was
         | sterile and, of course, an annual.
        
         | justrealist wrote:
         | It's only annual if you plant it outside.
        
         | whyenot wrote:
         | Petunias are perennials. They are not annuals. They are often
         | grown as annuals because they are native to the subtropics and
         | frost sensitive. You can grow them for several years as either
         | a houseplant or outdoors if you can provide the climate
         | conditions that the plants need.
        
           | vinnymac wrote:
           | You can actually dig up plants before the first frost and
           | winter them in the house. I do this for a variety of them.
           | 
           | Just make sure to trim away anything that'll track in bugs /
           | disease, and keep them in a temperate climate.
        
       | web007 wrote:
       | The successful version of
       | https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/antonyevans/glowing-pla...
       | 
       | This looks pretty cool, let's see how it goes!
        
       | thorum wrote:
       | So how many of these would you need to match the brightness of a
       | lightbulb?
        
         | userbinator wrote:
         | How many {descriptor for a category of people} does it take to
         | plant enough petunias to replace a lightbulb?
        
       | dools wrote:
       | You know I woke up this morning thinking "why the hell hasn't
       | anyone developed a bioluminescant petunia?!" then I saw this on
       | HN!
        
       | bobim wrote:
       | Can't stop fearing that messing with the living like that is
       | going to badly backfire at some point. The sad aspect is that
       | it's solely for frivolous reasons and profit. But damn, these
       | petunias are cool.
        
         | Maxion wrote:
         | Do note that humans have messed around with plants for a long
         | time and that has caused loads of issues from loss of
         | biodiversity, invasive species and what not. I don't think
         | direct genetic manipulation of plants will have any worse
         | effects than what we already see.
        
         | dkjaudyeqooe wrote:
         | Genes are mutated randomly by nature, so the code is there to
         | be changed and the menu of options is the same for nature and
         | humans. Indirect methods have been used for centuries, so this
         | is more a matter of degree.
         | 
         | Of course there are dangers in everything, but fiddling with
         | the code of life probably seems more scary than it actually is.
        
         | hoseja wrote:
         | Not messing with it will lead to decay. Just strive to be
         | antifragile and stop reading so much doomer scifi.
        
         | _ph_ wrote:
         | Yes, messing with things should be done carefully. But one
         | shouldn't forget how much bad things are happening every day:
         | 
         | - first of all, the continuous threat to Eco-systems from
         | invasive species constantly spread around the globe by
         | carelessness.
         | 
         | - one especially bad example is the breeding of pets which are
         | basically sick by design. A lot of dog races are a prototypical
         | example, but also cats and especially many fish breeds.
         | 
         | So yes, genetically modified plants are a bit frivolous, but
         | one should push more to fight against the things listed above,
         | happening so routinely.
        
           | croes wrote:
           | >But one shouldn't forget how much bad things are happening
           | every day.
           | 
           | That's like saying, stab him because is already shot.
           | 
           | The straw that broke the camel's back.
        
       | solarpunk wrote:
       | Would this fuck with bees/pollinators?
        
         | autoexec wrote:
         | Bees are active in the afternoons when it's bright out and
         | these flowers shouldn't look much different from any other. I'd
         | be more worried about them sexually confusing fireflies at
         | dusk.
        
           | lukas099 wrote:
           | Slightly worried about moths which are extremely important.
           | However these probably have nowhere near the effect of the
           | insane amount of artificial light we pump into the night sky
        
       | untoxicness wrote:
       | Reminds me of the "lumiroses" from Margaret Atwood's dystopian
       | MaddAddam trilogy. Although the roses are not integral to the
       | books, the general theme of the series is taking bioengineering
       | one step too far.
        
       | wizardforhire wrote:
       | Pre-order here for $29
       | 
       | https://light.bio/
        
       | FPGAhacker wrote:
       | This looks like some kind of joke from the Simpsons.
        
       | lukas099 wrote:
       | Might make nice pathway edging for lighting the way at nighttime.
        
         | throwawayqqq11 wrote:
         | Insects might like it too.
        
       | schnitzelstoat wrote:
       | It's a shame the backwards anti-GM laws we have in the EU mean we
       | won't be able to have these here.
        
         | herbst wrote:
         | Or glad that potentially harmful plants for our environment are
         | not easily imported and sold.
         | 
         | As long nobody gives a fuck which flowers they buy this year to
         | further kill the local ecosystem I am all for limitations.
         | 
         | Source: I live rather remote in the Alps and nature here is
         | nothing like it was 100 years ago. Which is not necessarily
         | bad, except most 'pests' seem to be popular garden plants.
        
           | patates wrote:
           | I don't care too much for what's native and what's not
           | (perhaps partly because being an immigrant myself hehe) but
           | the real disturbing plants are the ones who out-compete
           | multiple species and add rather large points of failure by
           | ridding diversity.
           | 
           | While imagining glowing forests is cool, in the fight against
           | sweeping diseases, diversity is king.
        
             | Symbiote wrote:
             | Non-native plants are the ones that out-compete the local
             | species.
             | 
             | It's daft to apply human politics to _plants_.
        
               | yreg wrote:
               | > Non-native plants are the ones that out-compete the
               | local species.
               | 
               | Not automatically. Only the ones who survive in the wild
               | and spread (by definition).
        
               | patates wrote:
               | > It's daft to apply human politics to plants.
               | 
               | It was just a joke.
               | 
               | > Non-native plants are the ones that out-compete the
               | local species.
               | 
               | Usually, but not always. Some non-native species may
               | increase diversity and some native species can turn
               | invasive when the environment changes (usually due to the
               | global warming).
        
         | boxed wrote:
         | That's actually changing now. But probably only for agriculture
         | and medicine for now. Which is honestly reasonable.
        
       | teen wrote:
       | No shipping to Hawaii :(
        
       | theultdev wrote:
       | > Firefly Petunia x 9 $261.00
       | 
       | > Free Shipping available for orders from $263.01
       | 
       | You bastards. Fine, one more.
        
       | theyeenzbeanz wrote:
       | Is this plant cat safe? Can't seem to find that info
        
       | bregma wrote:
       | We can use this gene when we finally clone T. rex from the blood
       | of a mosquito trapped in amber. It will no longer be the dark and
       | ominous lurking horror of book and film that frightens children
       | and adults alike. No, it will be the brightly glowing lurking
       | horror that just kinda brings a smile to your face and can be the
       | source of merch like children's night lights, safety-oriented
       | Hallowe'en costumes, and all-night dance party fashions.
       | 
       | If we bred it into domestic dogs it would make nighttime walkies
       | safer and midnight trips to the bathroom less stumblesome.
        
         | tyleo wrote:
         | I'd put money down for a T. Cup Rex. Especially if it got along
         | with my cats.
        
           | bregma wrote:
           | Those tiny arms would be sooo cute.
        
         | username135 wrote:
         | Black cats have entered the chat
        
       | Quixotica1 wrote:
       | Shut up and take my money
        
       | vinnymac wrote:
       | I wonder how this could affect fireflies. Would the glow distract
       | them in any way?
        
       | nemo44x wrote:
       | Last time I did petunias I planted about 50 of them in the front
       | and back beds. That would cost well over $1600 for the plants
       | alone so I think I'll wait until this has been scaled.
        
       | yladiz wrote:
       | One step closer to Chroma Green from the game Stray.
        
       | nothercastle wrote:
       | Anyone grow any yet I want to know what they actually look like.
       | At 50$ a seed packet im a little cautious
        
         | mbil wrote:
         | Is it $50 for the seed packet or the actual plant?
        
           | ct0 wrote:
           | 29 for the product, 24 for shipping the product
        
           | cachecrab wrote:
           | It's for the actual plant. This is from the FAQ (taken from
           | another comment):
           | 
           | > The Firefly Petunia is shipped as a small plant rooted in a
           | 4" pot. As flowers tend to suffer in shipment, the petunia
           | will arrive with developing buds. It may contain a few newly
           | opened flowers. With good growing conditions, it will quickly
           | attain about 8 to 10 inches in size with abundant white
           | flowers.
        
       | dr_orpheus wrote:
       | Reminds of when the "Fire Flowers" in Better off Ted:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P5rAOitj5_8
       | 
       | "Whoah! What was that? Uhh...fire squirrel"
        
       | jijijijij wrote:
       | > Our Firefly Petunias are protected under patent, and as such,
       | propagation and breeding are not permitted.
       | 
       | Lol, what a disgrace. Bees, are you listening? The man said no!
       | 
       | I _really_ want to pirate this plant now. Feels like an
       | obligation to the general aesthetics of life and the wider _how_
       | of things.
        
         | pvaldes wrote:
         | This is a standard message on flower novelties. In the 99% of
         | the times, it must be taken as "commercial propagation and
         | breeding" is not permitted unless you pay us royalties and we
         | have a commercial deal, but each company is different.
         | 
         | I wonder what would be the color of this flowers, probably pure
         | white, so by day would be indistinguishable from the other.
        
       | standardly wrote:
       | I remember an early startup, from like 15 years ago, wanting to
       | bring bioluminescent street lamps to market. I wonder what has
       | happened in this space since then.
        
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