[HN Gopher] Colorado wolf reintroduction to move forward
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Colorado wolf reintroduction to move forward
        
       Author : PaulHoule
       Score  : 101 points
       Date   : 2023-12-26 18:32 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (phys.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (phys.org)
        
       | ramesh31 wrote:
       | Hard to blame the ranchers, as this is essentially a wealth tax
       | being unilaterally levied against them. These efforts are driven
       | almost entirely by urban progressives who won't have to deal with
       | it.
        
         | jackstraw14 wrote:
         | That's pretty much Colorado in a nutshell. Lived in the Front
         | Range for quite a while and voted progressive, and it's pretty
         | crazy how purple that state is.
        
           | gaze wrote:
           | Yeah it's all repetitions of the pattern of greely exercising
           | it's god given right to smell bad vs everyone being upset by
           | the smell.
        
             | jackstraw14 wrote:
             | It's been almost a year and I can still smell it when I see
             | the word Greeley.
        
         | LeifCarrotson wrote:
         | Framing it as "rural" vs "urban" sets up a dichotomy, which
         | human minds frequently simplify as a 50/50 split. But only 13%
         | of Colorado residents live in rural areas.
         | 
         | It would be more accurate to frame it as 7 people who want to
         | enjoy a healthy ecosystem vs one rancher who wants to use
         | national/state lands for farming.
        
           | ramesh31 wrote:
           | >Framing it as "rural" vs "urban" sets up a dichotomy, which
           | human minds frequently simplify as a 50/50 split. But only
           | 13% of Colorado residents live in rural areas.
           | 
           | The US is not governed by simple majorities of the overall
           | population. We have things like the house of reps for a
           | reason. Land matters. If the 75% of Americans who live in
           | urban areas were able to completely dictate terms to the
           | other 25%, the union would have (and almost did) dissolve
           | long ago.
        
             | woodruffw wrote:
             | The Civil War was not a rural-urban war. Both sides were
             | primarily agrarian; trying to glean modern urban-rural
             | culture war talking points from a war principally about
             | slavery is not going to be productive.
             | 
             | (It's also worth noting that we have the House of
             | Representatives for the _exact opposite reason_ than you've
             | stated. I think you meant the Senate, which is meant to
             | provide an aristocratic and /or rural "check" on the urban
             | hoi polloi.)
        
             | thsksbd wrote:
             | The pro-wolf side won by 50.4% of the vote. So a tie.
             | 
             | But the folks who voted for it won't have to live with the
             | consequences of their vote.
        
               | constantly wrote:
               | Given the consequences of the reintroduction of wolves to
               | the ecosystem, I think literally everyone will be living
               | with the consequences to some extent. Unless by "the
               | consequences" you're specifically referring to wolves
               | attacking the livestock of billionaire (in many cases)
               | "ranchers," then maybe not because I'm assuming those
               | billionaires ranching on public land aren't voting
               | against their pecuniary interests (as billionaires do not
               | seem to do) and thus are not in the 50.4%.
        
               | pookha wrote:
               | If you want to fight climate change you want to not
               | release packs of wolves into regenerative farms:
               | https://www.uvm.edu/news/cals/using-regenerative-
               | agriculture...
               | 
               | And many of these ranches are losing money for years
               | (sometimes a decade) before they can get out of the red
               | and see the benefits of regenerative farming
               | systems...The more I look at this wolf situation the more
               | depressed I get.
        
               | constantly wrote:
               | Your link is from Vermont, not Colorado. I don't think
               | anyone is advocating for the release of wolves into
               | Vermont.
               | 
               | I did a search of regenerative agriculture in Colorado
               | and can only find a single farm that has tried it. Given
               | that it seems tenuous to suggest that wolves will destroy
               | regenerative agriculture in Colorado?
               | 
               | Regenerative Ag seems to be focused on agriculture, as
               | the name implies. The people upset about wolves are
               | ranchers who stand to have their livestock attacked by
               | wolves. I am not seeing the connection between wolves and
               | the destruction of regenerative agriculture.
        
               | pookha wrote:
               | The style of farming is the same in Vermont as it is in
               | Colorado...I found three in that state:
               | 
               | https://indianridgefarm.org/ https://www.flyingbbar.com/
               | https://thehighlonesomeranch.com/
               | 
               | And regenerative Ag is ranching. They are some of the
               | innovators in grass-fed beef (I've been a vegitarian
               | since 2005) and use the natural animal waste to improve
               | soil conditions (integrating animals into crop farming).
        
               | constantly wrote:
               | I checked into those links, very interesting! Thanks for
               | sharing.
        
               | 8note wrote:
               | You would want wolves nearby though, so that the farm
               | doesn't get picked clean by dear and elk
        
             | arwineap wrote:
             | If land matters, and as stated in another thread these
             | ranchers are running the cattle on public lands, not their
             | own, why do the ranchers even get a say?
        
             | Wytwwww wrote:
             | > Land matters
             | 
             | But they don't own it. The majority of it is owned by the
             | urban population. Why are you claiming that rural ranchers
             | are supposed to have a stronger claim to public land just
             | because they can graze their cattle there while paying
             | subsidized prices for it (at the cost of the people who
             | don't own any cattle or graze them on their private land).
        
           | AS37 wrote:
           | Yet another great example of America's 87% telling the 13%
           | how they should live.
        
             | stusmall wrote:
             | The idea that reintroducing an animal is telling someone
             | "how to live" is wild. They existed there long before us,
             | raising livestock can still happen with them there, and
             | ranching existed in Colorado along side wolves long before
             | this discussion.
             | 
             | I live in rural Colorado and raise a small hobby amount of
             | animals (currently a bit over 40 chickens, turkeys, and
             | ducks but the number varies through the year). I've lost
             | plenty of animals to predators. I've had neighbors call me
             | out to their land to shoot others. This is part of rural
             | life with a healthy and functioning ecosystem. Predators
             | exist.
             | 
             | I personally abstained from the vote; I felt like this is
             | something better handled by career biologists and not the
             | uninformed public. But the idea that is this "America's 87%
             | telling the 13% how they should live" its trying _really_
             | hard to jam this into existing framing of how we view
             | American culture war issues. It 'll do us some good to calm
             | down, take a breath and put the topic in proper context.
             | Rural residents and ranchers can still maintain their
             | lifestyle.
        
             | ausbah wrote:
             | 13% shouldn't get disproportionate say in how things are
             | run just because they live in a different place
        
             | jccalhoun wrote:
             | Don't a lot of these ranchers use public land? It seems
             | like the public should have a say in how the land is used.
        
           | pookha wrote:
           | If you want a healthy ecosystem than you want regenerative
           | farming: https://www.uvm.edu/news/cals/using-regenerative-
           | agriculture...
           | 
           | What you're arguing for would essentially kill off the tools
           | needed to store more carbon in the soil, which would benefit
           | industrial feed-lot styled operations that pollute and push
           | massive amounts of run-off.
        
         | Teever wrote:
         | Is it really so simple?
         | 
         | Hasn't human action had detrimental consequence for the
         | environment? And as such aren't efforts to mitigate or undo
         | those consequences a positive?
         | 
         | If that's the case won't the ranchers just pass along the
         | increased cost of doing business to the consumers so we're all
         | ultimately gonna pay for the actions of people a long time ago,
         | which for better or worse, is just how it goes.
        
           | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
           | If conservatives could dump nuclear waste in streams to save
           | a penny, they'd do it. Asking them to think about their
           | impact on the environment, and how it might come back to
           | impact them, is a non-starter.
        
             | kmeisthax wrote:
             | It depends on the kind of conservative. In blue states,
             | some of them will shout and hollar about, say, how the new
             | nuclear plant is going to pollute the streams with nuclear
             | waste.
        
           | peyton wrote:
           | I'm a big conservationist and I think it's much, much wiser
           | to pick and choose the battles. Dogmatism like
           | 
           | > Hasn't human action had detrimental consequence for the
           | environment? And as such aren't efforts to mitigate or undo
           | those consequences a positive?
           | 
           | is too often a tool to steamroll other people.
        
             | Teever wrote:
             | Sure, that may be a good general sort of viewpoint, but
             | does it apply in this situation?
        
         | clint wrote:
         | Its a non-issue. The number of ranchers that could posisbly
         | affected is minuscule at best, and the law permitting the
         | release of these Wolves also allows for any rancher that loses
         | a cow to a wolf to be reimbursed by the state for their loss. A
         | vast majority of these "ranchers" are millionaires and
         | billionaires in the first place, and the loss of a cow to a
         | wolf will be insanely rare. These animals will hunt deer,
         | rabbit, and elk whose populations are literally out of control.
         | 
         | Most of the noise opposed to this release is generated by
         | wildly ignorant or malicious people who don't even live in
         | Colorado to wind up other reactionary, low-information people
         | and make it look like liberals are releasing dangerous
         | predators into a "red" part of the state to harm them.
         | 
         | Nothing could be further from the truth.
        
           | tgv wrote:
           | Billionaires?
           | 
           | > These animals will hunt deer, rabbit, and elk whose
           | populations are literally out of control.
           | 
           | Hard to predict what will happen over time. Over here, in a
           | much, much smaller country, there are only a few wolves, and
           | they do attack sheep at a pretty large scale, without
           | actually eating them.
        
         | qwytw wrote:
         | And all the direct and indirect subsidies for them are not a
         | tax on urban populations?
         | 
         | What else is a "is essentially a wealth tax" on ranchers? They
         | graze their cattle on public land yet so much of it is taken up
         | by unproductive and useless national parks (just to entertain
         | the urban progressives on their days off). It would be much
         | fairer to convert them into productive pasture land.
        
       | local_crmdgeon wrote:
       | Good.
        
       | kjkjadksj wrote:
       | I wouldn't be surprised if the ecological niche once occupied by
       | the wolf has already been taken over by coyotes perhaps. The
       | context of the environment and food resources available in modern
       | colorado are certainly much different than in the time the wolf
       | roamed, probably furthering favoring the efficiency of coyotes.
        
         | GolfPopper wrote:
         | Many years ago, in college I took an elective ecosystems course
         | from a wildlife biologist whose family raised sheep in Montana
         | after the wolf reintroduction there. He was a big fan of the
         | wolves, on the basis that while they did take a few sheep every
         | year, they also virtually wiped out the local coyote
         | population, who took a lot more sheep than the wolves did.
        
         | mikeyouse wrote:
         | Honestly, I'd be very surprised if coyotes filled the niche
         | formerly occupied by wolves. Coyotes rarely exceed 40-50lbs and
         | they primarily eat small prey like rabbits and squirrels with
         | the occasional fawn. Wolves are 2x-3x as large -- they do hunt
         | some of the small game but they'll also take deer, elk, and
         | small bison.
        
         | clint wrote:
         | It hasn't. The prey populations in that part of the state are
         | out of control and causing issues, which is one of the reasons
         | these predators are being re-introduced.
        
       | nimbius wrote:
       | reminder that most ranches are owned by billionaires and have
       | very little to do with actual cattle farming. Michael Bloomberg,
       | Arthur Bank, Ted Turner, Reed Hastings, and Charles Koch all own
       | ranches.
       | https://www.forbes.com/sites/jimdobson/2020/09/15/billionair...
       | 
       | most of your cattle do not come from ranches. They come from high
       | intensity factory farms in places like stockton california and
       | amarillo texas.
       | 
       | That a ranch produces any saleable livestock at all is a side-
       | effect. most ranches are owned as vacation property.
       | 
       | the reason this reintroduction is opposed is the same reason you
       | cant plant or remove any trees in Beverly Hills without a dozen
       | lawsuits and a 3 year study to determine the effect.
       | Stratospherically wealthy people revile change at any level and
       | will intentionally manufacture controversy and complexity around
       | the proposal as a defensive mechanism.
        
         | jackstraw14 wrote:
         | It's fun to look through the real estate listings for those
         | "ranch" properties in Colorado and Wyoming, because it feels so
         | far from normal American life. Thousands of acres, tons of
         | buildings, and workers that come with it to keep it all up. It
         | still blows my mind that some people can just decide to buy a
         | mountain and everything around it.
        
           | haltist wrote:
           | Money is a magical invention. Everyone agrees they don't have
           | enough of it but somehow everyone also agrees only certain
           | people should have more than enough.
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | They can get surprisingly cheap in some areas, mainly if it's
           | mostly land and not many buildings (and perhaps no workers).
           | 
           | I've seen 1600 acres and a nice big house for 1.6 million.
        
         | davidw wrote:
         | > most ranches
         | 
         | Those billionaires own ranches, for sure. Maybe even a lot of
         | ranch land by area? But most ranches? Seems unlikely to me.
        
           | s1artibartfast wrote:
           | Yeah, this seems like a really bold claim. Land may be often
           | held by the rich on a per acre basis, but landowners are not
           | rich on a per capita basis. People often confuse the two even
           | tho it is exactly what you would expect from a pareto
           | distribution
        
           | COGlory wrote:
           | This is true. While billionaires are the largest landowners
           | (well, actually Farmland Reserve/Mormon church probably is)
           | and a lot of their land is old ranches they bought up,
           | there's 2+ million cattle in Montana, 1+ million in Wyoming,
           | I think almost 3 million in Colorado.
           | 
           | There are many, many ranches in all those states. There are
           | certainly far less than there used to be, but there are still
           | very many functional ranches. That said, another reason the
           | ranchers don't like wolves is because they get landowner elk
           | tags that they can then turn around and sell private hunts
           | with for 10s of thousands of dollars. Wolves have cut into
           | their ability to find prize elk in recent years (as well as
           | some harsh winters, which have probably don't more damage,
           | but the perception is there for wolves).
        
         | pookha wrote:
         | People can and do buy products from smaller regenerative farms.
         | 
         | https://thehighlonesomeranch.com/
         | 
         | And I suspect that these ranches could take heavy loses (wolves
         | have been seen killing 15+ elk in a single hunt) and I fully
         | expect that large industrial operations -- packed to the gills
         | with feed lots -- will have a much more minimal impact to their
         | overall operations. And regenerative farms are much better for
         | the environment (less carbon, less run-off). So this , at least
         | in my eyes, is a self-inflicted wound by the government.
        
           | undersuit wrote:
           | >Surplus killings tend to be most common in late winter and
           | may actually represent an effort by wolves to cache food for
           | later use
           | 
           | Let them. Let the animals do this. Wyoming shouldn't be
           | feeding the herds of elk anyways.
        
         | slv77 wrote:
         | Most of these ranches will be running cow-calf operations. A
         | cow-calf operation is a herd that produces calves which can be
         | sold to a feedlot or backgrounding operators.
         | 
         | In factory farming it's the calf that is the factory that turn
         | grain into beef. It takes 3 pounds of grain to produce a pound
         | of beef so it's cheaper to move the calf to the grain than the
         | grain to the calf.
         | 
         | At the same time a cow can only produce one calf per year so it
         | is cheaper to keep the herd of cows that produce the calf on
         | marginal grasslands rather than on the richer farmland near the
         | feedlots.
         | 
         | While these ranches aren't directly shipping steaks to
         | customers they are more than a vanity project for the wealthy.
        
           | slv77 wrote:
           | Economic incentives aren't aligned between cow-calf
           | operations and feedlots. There may be a significant
           | difference in feed efficiency between calves. Some may turn
           | grain to meat at a 2:1 ratio and others at a 4:1 ratio but
           | ranchers are paid the same for each calf. A way to cheaply
           | identify calves that are more feed efficient or align
           | incentives would be worth some money.
        
       | happytiger wrote:
       | How come there isn't a predator collar that releases pepper spray
       | when wolves go in for the throat kill? Seems like we should be
       | able to make livestock unattractive targets with some kind of
       | technology like this and do some reinforcement learning to
       | prevent this conflict.
       | 
       | Is this happening? Are there solutions to sustainable coexistence
       | with greater predators to restore the ecosystem while preserving
       | people's livelihoods? Rabbit hole sure. But I'd love to see some
       | innovation or even hear about efforts in the arena.
       | 
       | Edit: if you are downvoting this please tell me why. What is
       | wrong with readapting predator behavior with a technology-driven
       | solution? There's a ton of emerging research, plenty of money in
       | this market (livestock contributes 40% of the global value of
       | agricultural output), and I'd love to hear why you think this is
       | stupid. Pretend I'm an idiot and tell me what I'm missing and how
       | all the people who have tried this have failed profoundly please.
        
         | haltist wrote:
         | These problems will be solved with AGI because it will be able
         | to talk to animals and convince them to stop being predators.
        
           | happytiger wrote:
           | That's actually a valid argument. Ty.
           | 
           | https://www.reddit.com/r/singularity/comments/175cue0/artifi.
           | ..
           | 
           |  _Top comment has me in stiches:_
           | 
           | Humans: Hello dear animals! How are you doing?
           | 
           | Animals: Fuck you! Leave us alone!
        
         | jjulius wrote:
         | >How come there isn't a predator collar that releases pepper
         | spray when wolves go in for the throat kill? Seems like we
         | should be able to make livestock unattractive targets with some
         | kind of technology like this and do some reinforcement learning
         | to prevent this conflict.
         | 
         | Beyond the initial challenges of figuring out how a collar can
         | precisely and accurately predict when an animal is about to
         | begin a specific type of attack and then react before enough
         | damage can be done, you've also then got to be able to refill
         | the pepper spray throughout the animal's life, ensure that each
         | and every animal born into each and every pack gets a collar,
         | etc.
         | 
         | Just seems wildly unviable.
         | 
         | Edit: There's also the nuance around the fact that the wolf has
         | to eat at some point, and usually this will involve killing
         | another wild animal. The collar would have to be able to
         | accurately differentiate between "allowed to kill" and "not
         | allowed to kill", which seems... difficult. I'm not sure that a
         | simple bit of geofencing or whathaveyou would be good enough in
         | these situations.
        
           | happytiger wrote:
           | Does it? Wouldn't it just need to be economically viable and
           | isn't that something that could be calculated? Aren't the
           | losses significant enough to pay for a fairly large program?
           | If not, why is this a concern to ranchers? And wouldn't most
           | of the collars not be used and be more like insurance which
           | we already have and use on most herds?
           | 
           | Your summary dismissal without consideration and downvote
           | don't follow common sense. And let me tell you a lot of the
           | biggest market opportunities are found inside of places
           | people tell you you're an idiot for even exploring. Be
           | mindful. Stripe and Gusto and oceans of others were solved
           | problems.
           | 
           | If it's a big enough problem to support an insurance industry
           | surely $10 worth of pepper spray and a $50 reusable collar
           | would be in budget.
           | 
           | Edit: regarding your edit, this has already been demonstrated
           | in janguars.
           | 
           | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016815912.
           | ..
           | 
           | Also a meta study:
           | 
           | https://environmentalevidencejournal.biomedcentral.com/artic.
           | ..
           | 
           | This study has a killer quote:
           | 
           |  _"Everyone knew there were wolves in the mountains... but
           | they seldom came near the village - the modern wolves were
           | the offspring of ancestors that had survived because they had
           | learned that human meat had sharp edges."_
           | 
           | Please consider being less hasty to dismiss unconventional
           | thinking. Let's keep HN weird thinking friend?
        
             | bhickey wrote:
             | You're talking about an industry that's unwilling to spend
             | $10 to vaccinate herd animals.
             | 
             | > Please consider being less hasty to dismiss
             | unconventional thinking. Let's keep HN weird thinking
             | friend?
             | 
             | Friend you're approaching a problem you know nothing about
             | and complaining about being dismissed... by someone who
             | took the time to explain why your tenuously informed idea
             | will never work.
        
               | happytiger wrote:
               | Disappointing response. Don't make generalizations or
               | confuse explorative questions for broad naivete.
               | 
               | The issue I take with your approach here is that you're
               | focused on making the other person feel wrong, on the
               | wrong path and assuming they know nothing (implied:
               | idiot) rather than exploring ideas and solutions to novel
               | problems.
               | 
               | That's a common pattern in the world (ad hominem), but it
               | doesn't do much in innovation circles or have much of a
               | place in early stage innovation practice.
               | 
               | I have a fair amount of experience in ag, and ag
               | insurance, but not predator collars.
               | 
               | I'm cool with being downvoted for having an unpopular
               | idea but please be more conscious: not everyone would
               | speak up to your behavior and it's quite unnecessary. Try
               | to attack what's wrong with the idea not the person.
               | 
               | You are _literally on here telling me that my ideas will
               | never work_. It's a lot cliche and not just a little bit
               | hilarious. Don't do it. Haha.*
               | 
               | I'm ok being dumb when exploring ideas, and that's
               | actually ok. Or it should be. At least on HN.
        
               | zztop44 wrote:
               | Your comment _looks_ a lot like a common trope on this
               | site: people encountering a problem they know little
               | about, thinking for 20 seconds, and saying "You could
               | just..."
               | 
               | And that's annoying because it's arrogant and it
               | invalidates people who have dedicated their lives and
               | careers to that work.
               | 
               | But rereading your initial comment, I think it was
               | actually framed as invitation for discussion rather than
               | an "obvious simple solution".
               | 
               | Don't let it worry you too much. Sometimes shit just gets
               | downvoted!
        
               | happytiger wrote:
               | Thanks for this.
               | 
               | I am not always full of grace and poise when exploring
               | stuff, as I find it counterproductive to real
               | exploration. People love to just rip you down when you
               | ask why: it's got to be fundamental to something in human
               | evolution. Nothing pisses some people off than
               | questioning the status quo.
               | 
               | But I'd much rather put one a flame retarding suite and
               | ask basic first-principle style questions and get assumed
               | to be an idiot but actually learn something than try to
               | look smart. Probably because I'm not smart.
               | 
               | I'd also assume that a lot of what's been done already is
               | smart, but often the incentives aren't aligned to put
               | something into implementation or regulation keeps smart
               | solutions from progressing to viability. There's
               | something in almost every market that's not moving
               | forward just due to poor regulation or mis or under
               | considered incentive misalignment.
               | 
               | I've done a lot of work in ag and know something about
               | the insurance side but not much on predator mitigation,
               | but it seems like an area where we could really improve.
               | I don't believe every innovation worth making in the
               | space is already done so we should keep exploring.
               | 
               | Thanks for understanding the spirit of it.
        
           | gwbas1c wrote:
           | > ensure that each and every animal born into each and every
           | pack gets a collar, etc.
           | 
           | The collar goes onto the livestock, not the wild animal.
        
             | jjulius wrote:
             | D'oh! I don't know how that didn't occur to me. Thank you
             | for pointing that out.
             | 
             | Edit: Totes happy with my previous comment being downvoted,
             | because it's clearly a bad take in hindsight, but this one?
             | The one where I kindly go, "Oh shit, duh, how stupid of
             | me"? Seriously? Y'all do you, lol...
        
         | ericbarrett wrote:
         | > How come there isn't a predator collar that releases pepper
         | spray when wolves go in for the throat kill?
         | 
         | The wolf collar was invented for this and dates back to Ancient
         | Greece:
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_collar
         | 
         | Typically it was/is fitted to guard dogs who would then fight
         | the wolves.
        
           | happytiger wrote:
           | Wow. That's a history I didn't know about. Thank you.
           | 
           | Edit: I wonder if it would be more cost effective to put
           | collars on the few hundred wolves we are talking about and
           | near some kind of near field rfid style trigger on protected
           | species. We could just trigger them on USDA tags maybe?
           | Anyone tried this?
           | 
           | Wolf collars imply throat kills which is my understanding of
           | how wolves kill and we already use 15 digit USDA approved ear
           | tags on most animals.
           | 
           | I mean this is a social conditioning program so it could make
           | sense as you wouldn't have to keep it up forever or
           | completely just enough to change pack behaviors perhaps. It's
           | the same model skunks use and they're fairly effective at
           | deterring predators.
           | 
           | You could also cost effectively rfid chip the wolves one time
           | and put lower cost proximity deterrence on prey animals
           | inside the range. This isn't expensive stuff to implement and
           | many of these animals are already being tagged or monitored
           | by programs.
           | 
           | A blacklist for wolve rfid seems very doable. We could figure
           | out problem wolves that actually need to be removed if we had
           | active data instead of blanket population thinning. That'd
           | probably go a long way towards increasing popular support for
           | ranchers too.
           | 
           | Found a study that shows double digit reduction of predation
           | levels with just a hard collar:
           | 
           | https://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/2448
           | 
           | Also found a government program already doing this for
           | coyote:
           | 
           | https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GOVPUB-A101-PURL-
           | LPS9980...
           | 
           | So it seems like adding reactivity to this idea could really
           | work.
           | 
           | And here's another farmer having great success:
           | 
           | https://www.farmersweekly.co.za/animals/sheep-and-
           | goats/karo...
           | 
           | Why I aren't we having a larger conversation here around this
           | wolf reintroduction?
        
       | DavidPastrnak wrote:
       | I'm a resident of Estes Park, Colorado, what is essentially Rocky
       | Mountain National Park, and my partner in life is a biologist in
       | RMNP where she tracks and monitors elk and moose populations.
       | This has been on the forefront of our minds for awhile. While
       | I'll leave my personal opinion out of it, I do want to add a
       | couple of notes.
       | 
       | Wolves have been crossing the boarder into Colorado for some time
       | - the state is not completely void. Additionally, they have
       | already released a handful in the last couple of weeks that were
       | brought in from the PNW.
       | 
       | The topic of reintroduction is extremely complex and has led to
       | heated and polarizing debates with residents across the state -
       | even stretching into Wyoming politics where hunters are using
       | electronic calls to lure them back across the border for hunting.
       | This has resulted in a lot of confusion as to what the research
       | outlines.
       | 
       | If anyone is curious, I have found this paper to be a great
       | introduction to the topic.
       | https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/csp2...
       | 
       | Please remember that this is an extremely complex issue that is
       | worth having constructive discussion on. I have faith that HN can
       | keep it civil where other platforms have failed to.
        
         | hanniabu wrote:
         | > even stretching into Wyoming politics where hunters are using
         | electronic calls to lure them back across the border for
         | hunting
         | 
         | I think there's an argument to be made if the hunting method
         | extends into the state where it's illegal (sounds waves
         | traveling) then you're in violation of that state, since the
         | lil would not have happened if the hunting method didn't
         | traverse state lines.
        
           | forgetfreeman wrote:
           | Enforcement is perfectly impossible. Source: lived in
           | Wyoming.
        
             | constantly wrote:
             | It's hard, not impossible. We need enforcement like we
             | enforce endangered rhinos in Kenya from poachers.
        
               | hcfman wrote:
               | I have a sound localization project that can help with
               | that
               | 
               | https://github.com/hcfman/sbts-aru
               | 
               | You need to be able to hear the sound from three or more
               | recorders. And normally localization is better within the
               | polygon of microphones but there's an area of better
               | localizability extending outside of a vertex.
        
               | COGlory wrote:
               | Do we really? Elk herds are fine. Seems like a waste of
               | resources to have rhino-like enforcement for elk.
               | Colorado has almost 300,000 elk.
        
               | kej wrote:
               | I believe the previous poster meant that the wolves
               | should have the rhino-like protections.
        
           | giantg2 wrote:
           | I don't know how that would work or if there's any precedent
           | for that. Generally states enter into agreements and
           | different laws about enforcement. Or they sue each other in
           | federal court (eg cannabis issues recently).
        
             | lukas099 wrote:
             | I guess a precedent would be noise pollution laws. You can
             | create sound waves on your own property but be prosecuted
             | for their effects outside of it
        
           | s1artibartfast wrote:
           | I assume you would still run into jurisdiction issues If it
           | is legal to call in Wyoming, and the hunter is in Wyoming.
        
           | zoklet-enjoyer wrote:
           | Disagree. I'm vegan and anti-hunting, but I don't think
           | states should be able to enforce their laws outside of their
           | states. That would lead to some real crazy stuff.
        
             | seanmcdirmid wrote:
             | Any sort of cross border crime is regulated by the feds.
             | Like if you steal a car and drive across the state border,
             | it becomes a state offense. The feds could make cross
             | border hunting illegal as well, but they would have to put
             | in resources to enforce it.
        
         | mmaunder wrote:
         | Thanks for commenting David! I'm based in CO too and appreciate
         | your insight.
        
           | HaZeust wrote:
           | The best state! In fact, I just went to Estes Park on
           | Saturday for a tour of The Shining Hotel (Stanley Hotel) and
           | our guide went on a bit of a background speech about these
           | Colorado wolves, didn't expect it here - but glad to see a
           | discussion!
        
         | throwup238 wrote:
         | _> While I'll leave my personal opinion out of it, I do want to
         | add a couple of notes._
         | 
         | What's your opinion, if you don't mind me asking?
         | 
         | Personally I can't believe anyone is against this project. It's
         | a complicated issue but the removal of wolves has had damn near
         | catastrophic impact on pretty much everyone east of California
         | from deer to ticks to elk. Even the ranchers are better off in
         | the short run and especially long term.
         | 
         | (I lose livestock every year to mountain lions so I'm no
         | stranger to the cost of keeping apex predators around)
        
           | syndicatedjelly wrote:
           | The people against this have valid reasons. For example,
           | ranchers who don't want their livestock eaten by wolves that
           | they can't defend against, legally.
        
             | throwup238 wrote:
             | Like I said I have to deal with the same issue thanks to
             | mountain lions. I don't think it's a valid reason, it's a
             | supremely selfish and shortsighted one.
        
             | RoyalHenOil wrote:
             | Livestock predation is a common threat around the world.
             | Are ranchers in Colorado uniquely unequipped to adopt any
             | of the solutions used by ranchers elsewhere?
        
           | DavidPastrnak wrote:
           | I've been pretty consistent with leaving my opinions out when
           | discussing the topic, mainly because of how polarizing it is
           | here, and instead encouraging people to establish their own
           | viewpoints based on solid sources. With that said, I'm
           | heavily in favor of reintroduction. I believe the pros of
           | intervention outweigh the cons of not doing so significantly
           | and that the threat to Colorado ranchers is exaggerated -
           | I'll leave it at that.
        
         | jjtheblunt wrote:
         | > even stretching into Wyoming politics where hunters are using
         | electronic calls to lure them back across the border for
         | hunting
         | 
         | I wonder, in a Hannibal Lecter sort of way, what would be the
         | essence of the mindsets of such hunters.
        
           | amanaplanacanal wrote:
           | I'm not a hunter, but I can picture myself doing it. Hunting
           | something I couldn't eat does seem off though.
        
           | COGlory wrote:
           | I've seen people go completely apeshit when elk hunting. It's
           | just an awful selection cycle for people with low self
           | esteem, rarity, FOMO, needing to prove something, and being
           | far from consequences most of the time. Not all hunters are
           | like this, but hunting naturally selects for people that are
           | the most like that because it's the only blood sport left,
           | really. And elk are the biggest thing. It's not unheard to
           | pay $30,000+ for a "sure thing" bull elk hunt.
        
             | lukas099 wrote:
             | Most hunters are responsible and care deeply about wildlife
             | imo
        
           | chasd00 wrote:
           | Trophy hunters are like stamp or coin collectors. They search
           | and search for the rarest animal (record setting whitetail
           | deer being the most common) to kill and hang in their wall.
           | People don't like it but that's about what it is, rare
           | collectibles.
        
         | tw04 wrote:
         | It only seems complicated in-so-far as ranchers who are making
         | millions off running cattle at least partially on public lands
         | are concerned they may take a 5% hit in their profits to the
         | occasional cattle lost to wolves (which could be prevented by
         | actually having staff following them vs just letting them
         | roam).
         | 
         | Other than "but I want to make even more money" I haven't heard
         | a lot of arguments against.
        
           | idiotsecant wrote:
           | This is wildly over-simplifying the issue. Obviously you'd
           | not be ok with me releasing wolves into your back yard, the
           | difference here is only one of population density. The issue
           | has subtleties and soundbite reductiveness does nobody any
           | favors.
        
             | tw04 wrote:
             | I'd be perfectly fine with it, I would scare them off and
             | that would be it. These aren't grizzly bears. Wolves aren't
             | hunting humans unless they have literally no other options.
             | I have no doubt they'd happily feast on deer vs finding out
             | if the warning shot was a bluff.
             | 
             | We have wolves in my state. I've never once been concerned
             | about my safety when it comes to wolves.
        
           | pookha wrote:
           | Plenty of ranches (privately owned) use livestock waste for
           | farming and to improve the soil. You're arguing that we
           | should allow wolves -- that the government introduces -- to
           | wipe out the main component of their ranch (livestock). In my
           | eyes that's an insane proposition and it directly benefits
           | the big industrial operations that frequently compete with
           | these newer styled ranches. In the end you'd have more run-
           | off and more pollution and a lot more carbon because the soil
           | would be shot (thanks to monocrop farming).
        
             | tw04 wrote:
             | > to wipe out the main component of their ranch
             | (livestock).
             | 
             | Wipe out??? Do you think they're introducing 40k wolves or
             | do you just have no idea how wolves work?
             | 
             | There is literally 0 chance the livestock is wiped out,
             | even without any management by the government. And there
             | will absolutely be management of the population.
        
             | freedomben wrote:
             | Yep, also the free range and organic ranchers are the ones
             | who are hardest hit, which makes it more expensive.
             | 
             | This issue is just way more complicated and nuanced than
             | most people want to make it. As an environmentalist I have
             | a natural reaction against the ranchers, but having dove
             | into many of these types of issues, I've been amazed at the
             | complexity and second, third, and fourth order impacts and
             | unintended consequences. Hot takes on HN are aggravating to
             | read for someone who is actually informed on this and other
             | issues.
        
           | dang wrote:
           | Please don't take HN threads into flamewar. The GP comment
           | did a great job of avoiding this, which is what other
           | commenters should do too.
           | 
           | If you wouldn't mind reviewing
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html and taking
           | the intended spirit of the site more to heart, we'd be
           | grateful. Note these:
           | 
           | " _Comments should get more thoughtful and substantive, not
           | less, as a topic gets more divisive._ "
           | 
           | " _Please respond to the strongest plausible interpretation
           | of what someone says, not a weaker one that 's easier to
           | criticize. Assume good faith._"
        
         | rufus_foreman wrote:
         | Do you have any opinion on the recent reintroduction of coyotes
         | from Arizona into the area?
        
       | teaearlgraycold wrote:
       | Personally I'd be happy if raising livestock was banned, so
       | inconveniencing ranchers doesn't seem like a problem.
        
       | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
       | It's almost the year 2024... if there's really no better
       | solutions to keep wolves out of ranchers' properties, maybe this
       | is a business opportunity? And if those solutions existed, maybe
       | ranchers could get a tax break for using them? All I know is
       | solutions have got to be possible.
        
         | cactacea wrote:
         | Most ranchers in western Colorado run their cattle on public
         | land, not private property.
         | 
         | https://www.fs.usda.gov/rangeland-management/grazing/permits...
        
           | tomrod wrote:
           | Sounds like a great opportunity to revisit cattle grazing
           | privileges being freely given versus bringing back bison
           | herds.
        
           | nemo44x wrote:
           | Isn't this a net good though? Most people benefit from cattle
           | being as affordable as possible. If we charged ranchers to
           | graze their livestock we'd see the cost passed onto
           | consumers. This is a large reason we subsidize so much
           | farming. It makes food affordable for all. This is a great
           | social benefit for all.
        
         | qwytw wrote:
         | There is a solution, guards dogs. Pyrenean Mastiffs, Caucasian
         | Shepherds etc. work pretty well in deterring any wolf attacks.
         | Wolves are very risk averse and will go for easier prey as long
         | as it's available.
        
           | jebarker wrote:
           | There are herds of sheep roaming on public land in southwest
           | Colorado protected by Great Pyrenees. I assume that it's
           | protection against mountain lions mostly. Those dogs are
           | probably the most threatening thing to humans out hiking in
           | those areas though!
        
             | williamdclt wrote:
             | > Those dogs are probably the most threatening thing to
             | humans out hiking in those areas though!
             | 
             | Those dogs are quite famous for being not only threatening,
             | but dangerous. People get killed too often by Patous in
             | France, I've known at least 2 people who got attacked (one
             | of which _maced_ the dog, I find that hilarious in
             | retrospect)
        
         | s1artibartfast wrote:
         | >All I know is solutions have got to be possible.
         | 
         | This isn't intended as a personal attack, but I don't find
         | technological advancement to be a compelling justification for
         | blind optimism.
         | 
         | There are a lot of problems with solutions that are simply not
         | possible or economical, independent of time.
         | 
         | Trans muting lead to gold has been a business opportunity for
         | 2000 years, yet is still not possible in 2024.
        
           | happytiger wrote:
           | That's a deeply flawed argument called a false equivalent.
           | 
           | Guarantee you there are still unexplored areas in predator
           | behavior modification and livestock management using
           | technology that's worth exploring.
        
             | s1artibartfast wrote:
             | I agree that there's a lot of things worth exploring, but
             | that doesn't mean that success is guaranteed.
             | 
             | I've been on the other side of this for a long time with
             | agricultural animal management, and watched dozens of
             | technological solutions fail, including drones, lasers,
             | sound emitters, and habitat modification.
             | 
             | Those working in the field to have an incentive to come up
             | with a solution and I appreciate attempts to do so.
             | 
             | But I don't appreciate is when people flippantly dismiss
             | the problems of others saying with certainty that there is
             | a solution available. If you're so confident, please make
             | it and people will happily give you millions of dollars.
             | 
             | On the other hand, I've seen lots of people lose their
             | livelihood because someone imposed a problem on them and
             | hand a way of the way of the consequences
        
               | happytiger wrote:
               | Fair enough.
               | 
               | I have been exploring making it or investing in it on
               | this very thread. It's a novel problem and it often helps
               | to study the problem with first principles as animal
               | agriculture is 40 percent of global output and a key
               | environmental problem is predator mitigation, however
               | it's done.
               | 
               | I was doing a review of insurance products too.
               | Interesting stuff.
               | 
               | I'm deeply empathetic to the problems and understand some
               | of the complexity involved. I have a fair amount of
               | experience in ag, but not in this area.
               | 
               | I feel like we should continue to innovate until we find
               | solutions that work: that's what humans do best. It's
               | important to keep applying new technologies to existing
               | problems rather than entrenching ourselves in previous
               | failures: that's the root activity of substantive
               | innovation.
        
         | syndicatedjelly wrote:
         | Put yourself in the shoes of a poor rancher. The state wants to
         | re-introduce wolves to your land, you're not legally allowed to
         | defend against them with lethal force, and big tech promises a
         | great business idea that will only cost a few hundred dollars a
         | month for you to implement! Suck it up sunny, farmers are rich
         | - you can afford it!
         | 
         | Sounds like a big L for ranchers who are just able to make ends
         | meet.
        
         | ikiris wrote:
         | The harder part is keeping ranchers on their own property.
        
         | hcfman wrote:
         | And I have a project that can help with that as well. An early
         | warning system that recently I have integrated a wolf detection
         | model into it. The intention is not to make it easy to shoot
         | wolves but to provide options to protect their livestock. In
         | Europe if you shot one you would receive a hefty fine if
         | caught.
         | 
         | There's a discussion about it here:
         | 
         | https://wildlabs.net/discussion/ai-monitoring-wolves-netherl...
        
       | lawlessone wrote:
       | That should keep the beef lean...
       | 
       | >The lawsuit alleges the government agencies violated the
       | National Environmental Policy Act by failing to prepare an
       | environmental impact statement about the wolves while renewing a
       | cooperative agreement between the two agencies about conserving
       | endangered species.
       | 
       | There's some severe irony to ranchers using this argument..
        
         | snapplebobapple wrote:
         | Not really. Thats mostly what that act is used for, dragging
         | out change and protecting the status quo.
        
           | kmeisthax wrote:
           | Environmental review lawsuits have gotten so insane that even
           | recommendations for decarbonization admit that we can't
           | actually build all the infrastructure we need for renewables
           | because it'll get sued to death by NIMBYs cosplaying as
           | environmentalists.
        
       | kdamica wrote:
       | I remember reading that the introduction of wolves into
       | Yellowstone had a much bigger positive impact than expected. I'm
       | sure this is an oversimplification of a complex ecosystem-wide
       | impact, but my understanding is that the effect is mostly that it
       | forces deer and elk to stay on the move, making it easier for
       | certain types of plants and trees to survive.
        
         | throwup238 wrote:
         | _> I'm sure this is an oversimplification of a complex
         | ecosystem-wide impact, but my understanding is that the effect
         | is mostly that it forces deer and elk to stay on the move,
         | making it easier for certain types of plants and trees to
         | survive._
         | 
         | After most of the wolves were wiped out we discovered the
         | concept of keystone predators [1] that keep other predators and
         | herbivores in check so that they don't go through catastrophic
         | boom and bust cycles. Part of that is moving them around more
         | but also just plain population control.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keystone_species#The_wolf,_Yel...
        
       | hgomersall wrote:
       | I read a while ago about the problem of wolf hunting destroying
       | the group knowledge and social structures of the pack. The effect
       | is the pack can no longer hunt effectively and so resort to
       | hunting that requires little effort, like ranches.
        
         | nemo44x wrote:
         | Wouldn't they always hunt whatever is easiest? Why would they
         | play on hard mode? It's not like they see it as a sport where
         | there's more to be had by setting up rules to make it
         | "sporting". Don't they just want as much food as they can get
         | as easily and low risk as possible?
        
       | calamari4065 wrote:
       | I'll be interested to see long term studies on the ecological
       | impact after wolves are reintroduced.
       | 
       | It seems fairly clear that it'd be a net positive, but the exact
       | effects of them coming back after having been absent so long
       | should be interesting.
        
       | WaitWaitWha wrote:
       | Living out in the middle of nowhere, I can appreciate having
       | animals that used to live reintroduced back to their habitat.
       | Except mosquitoes. Mosquitoes can all go to hell in a burning
       | hand basket.
       | 
       | My fear is the "scientific hubris of today". It goes like this:
       | "Yesterday everyone was evil and dumb, and destroyed <insert your
       | personal pet agenda>. Today, we are much smarter, and we are
       | enlightened and know all things that needed to be done. Our
       | intellect is leaps and bounds over those troglodytes from last
       | year."
       | 
       | Then, a few years down the road we find out _again_ that those
       | brilliant minds were not exactly aware of all the details, and
       | have made things worse. (Or, as now it is starting to trickle
       | out, those brilliant minds lied and falsified their studies.)
       | 
       | e.g., you know why we switched to plastic bags from recycled
       | paper bags in grocery stores? Allan Savory in Zimbabwe and saving
       | the forest by killing elephants? Monarch butterflies and the
       | wrong milkweed? The Osborne tire reef?
       | 
       | (Of course, I know I am an outlier. I make weighted matrices with
       | dozen or more rows to decide which vegetable I should ferment
       | next. It is likely going to be green tomatoes, but carrots are
       | mighty close this year.)
        
         | lukas099 wrote:
         | We really do know a lot more than we used to though.
        
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