[HN Gopher] The United Arab Emirates' takeover of African forests
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       The United Arab Emirates' takeover of African forests
        
       Author : geox
       Score  : 63 points
       Date   : 2023-12-10 18:05 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.lemonde.fr)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.lemonde.fr)
        
       | josh_fyi wrote:
       | That's great! Liberia can't afford to protect its forest, and
       | this deal allows that.
        
         | __s wrote:
         | Agreed. This is the kind of agreements that are needed for
         | Brazilian rain forests
         | 
         | The Simple Economics of Saving the Amazon Rain Forest:
         | https://freakonomics.com/podcast/the-simple-economics-of-sav...
         | 
         | But it's a bit complicated because if you just buy plots then
         | cattle farming will buy different plots. So you need to setup
         | an incentive structure to pay dividends for sitting on
         | undeveloped rain forest
        
           | coffeebeqn wrote:
           | Easiest would be for Brazil to become more stable and act in
           | its own long term interest
        
       | givemeethekeys wrote:
       | NGO's hate it when a bigger player with more resources eats their
       | cake. Their only recourse, it seems, is to complain about the
       | semantics of how the new kid is punching wrong.
        
       | darth_avocado wrote:
       | Im sorry but isn't this actually good? As Africa, parts of Asia
       | and South America become more populated and strive for better
       | quality of life, the last of the big forests are already at risk.
       | If these places are incentivized to protect them, it is a net
       | good for everyone.
        
         | mrpopo wrote:
         | It's better than doing nothing, but the UAE has more than
         | enough homework regarding carbon emissions reduction. Its per
         | capita footprint is 25t CO2, 75% more than the USA, which
         | itself is 2.5x that of the EU.
         | 
         | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita?t...
         | 
         | Plus the UAE is ~10% citizens, 90% migrant foreigners. I'm not
         | sure how per capita footprint of the UAE accounts for that (is
         | a UAE citizen carbon footprint actually 250t CO2...?)
        
           | fakedang wrote:
           | > Plus the UAE is ~10% citizens, 90% migrant foreigners. I'm
           | not sure how per capita footprint of the UAE accounts for
           | that (is a UAE citizen carbon footprint actually 250t
           | CO2...?)
           | 
           | It's close. Electricity is practically free for citizens,
           | which is why their large homes are key peretualy cool and
           | thoroughly well-lit, like what you'd see in a real estate
           | marketing brochure.
        
             | coffeebeqn wrote:
             | Somehow I doubt the migrant workers live in excessively
             | AC'd mansions
        
               | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
               | > Somehow I doubt the migrant workers live in excessively
               | AC'd mansions
               | 
               | Your suspicions might be true: https://duckduckgo.com/?hp
               | s=1&q=%22united+arab+emirates%22+m...
        
           | uluyol wrote:
           | These stats can be misleading for other reasons as well.
           | 
           | The US and EU have a lot of existing infrastructure,
           | construction of which required enormous amounts of CO2
           | emissions. Countries that are still building out their
           | infrastructure should be expected to expend more CO2 per
           | capita to catch up. (Modern equipment is more effecient, but
           | still).
        
             | coffeebeqn wrote:
             | And they ship/externwlize much of their costs to other
             | places. Just a few examples with China - US and EU send
             | their plastic there for "recycling" and probably the
             | majority of goods we use are manufactured in China so they
             | can take the "carbon hit"
        
       | cat_plus_plus wrote:
       | That's how we tell the difference between rational
       | environmentalists concerned about future human well being and
       | zealots who just hate the idea of human succeeding above other
       | animals or currently wealthy countries succeeding above other
       | countries. Because if you are the former, you are absolutely in
       | favor of carbon credits, sequestration, geoengineering, nuclear
       | power plants, migrating from coal/oil to natural gas etc. Of
       | course, you would want evidence of safety and effectiveness, but
       | not "it's colonialism" knee jerk reactions.
       | 
       | It could well be that the other alternative for these forests was
       | logging or slash and burn agriculture, in which case the program
       | is working exactly as intended. Or if not, we can criticize it
       | for being ineffective without woke moralizing. Someone needs to
       | make a bid to preserve the forest, and this company made a bid
       | that is apparently higher than alternatives. As carbon credit
       | economy takes off, there will be competition and prices will
       | rise, in turn exposing the limits of carbon offsets and forcing
       | reductions in actual emissions.
        
         | OfSanguineFire wrote:
         | When I first saw reporting of these UAE ventures some days ago,
         | it was about suspicion that the owners would eventually exploit
         | the forest or the minerals underneath. It is a frequent
         | phenomenon in sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar that land is
         | first restricted and named a protected reserve, but after
         | ribbon-cutting ceremonies are over and attention moves
         | elsewhere, logging is done with wood being sold to e.g. China's
         | furniture industry, or the local population's slash-and-burn
         | practices encroach regardless.
        
         | hulitu wrote:
         | I bet you didn't heard about Norvegians cutting forrests in the
         | Amazonas. /s
        
         | Barrin92 wrote:
         | This completely misses the point, intentionally I suppose given
         | this sentence:
         | 
         | " or currently wealthy countries succeeding above other
         | countries"
         | 
         | This isn't about protecting forests. It's about a rich country
         | offsetting its emissions by buying another countries industrial
         | capacity in the form of carbon credits. It's taking a bribe
         | from another country to stay poor. It's as if the United States
         | started to pay China to turn factories off so they can turn
         | more on. It's not just metaphorically colonial, it's _literally
         | the colonial economic model_ , capturing a resource, bringing
         | the industry home (to Paris/London/Moscow in the olden days)
         | and selling the produce back to the periphery. The only
         | difference is the resource and land captured here is synthetic
         | ("green credits"). There is nothing environmental about this,
         | the emissions are _constant_. The planet does not care if you
         | produce oil in Nigeria or Saudi Arabia.
        
           | renewiltord wrote:
           | Yeah, an environmentalist friend of mine told me this about
           | my Terrapass offsets - which cost a fortune to take me to net
           | zero. He said that I was just bribing someone so I could go
           | on holiday. Most people agreed with him so I kinda went with
           | it and stopped.
           | 
           | It's way cheaper to go on vacation now. I care about the
           | environment and stuff but not enough to have a bunch of
           | people tell me I'm bribing someone. And tbh, this is better.
           | No one actually lectures you for going on vacation now.
        
         | catlover76 wrote:
         | I'm not sure what's "irrational" about thinking humans are a
         | blight and scourge upon the earth. Being "concerned about
         | future human well being" is not inherently more rational.
         | 
         | They are just different values people might hold.
        
           | nolongerthere wrote:
           | It's always hilarious to see people say stuff like this, if
           | you truly believed it you'd start with yourself. Or else
           | you'd be planning mass extermination campaigns to destroy the
           | scourge. Anything else is simply irrational or outright
           | hypocrisy.
        
           | rexpop wrote:
           | > humans are a blight and scourge upon the earth
           | 
           | We call this ideology "ecofascism."
           | 
           | > The prioritization of a white supremacist conceptualization
           | of a pristine and dichotomous "Nature" [note: ie "the earth"]
           | over the wellbeing of people, particularly people of color,
           | coupled with a failure to acknowledge the differential
           | responsibility of predominately white corporate polluters.[0]
           | 
           | > For tens of thousands of years, people have lived in
           | balance with our natural environment. Even early agriculture,
           | forestry, and animal husbandry was minimally destructive on a
           | global scale... The burden of environmental destruction can't
           | be placed equally at the feet of all people. As a matter of
           | fact, the wealthiest 10% of people contribute half of global
           | greenhouse gas emissions! [1]
           | 
           | 0. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2021.1982744 1.
           | https://www.bard.edu/cep/blog/?p=11973
        
         | 8note wrote:
         | It's good that the forest is being protected, but it shouldnt
         | be counted as a sequestration project.
         | 
         | The net of not getting rid of the forest means it's starting at
         | carbon neutral for the world as a whole.
         | 
         | Slash and burn would make it carbon positive for a bit, and
         | regrowing it carbon negative for a bit, but all our base
         | measurements include that forest already.
         | 
         | If you trade keeping the forest as it is against burning a
         | bunch of oil, your still carbon positive by that amount of oil
        
       | tru3_power wrote:
       | This is good. Eventually doing this will probably be too
       | expensive and most players probably will have to find ways to
       | lower emissions (I assume?) and forest remaining forest will
       | become more valuable than the timer that can be extracted from
       | them.
        
       | mahmoudhossam wrote:
       | It's a bit hypocritical from Le Monde to talk about African
       | forests as if the French haven't colonized and looted Africa for
       | the better part of a century.
        
         | micwag wrote:
         | None of the countries in the article were ever colonized by
         | France.
        
           | mahmoudhossam wrote:
           | True, but they're highlighting the NGOs calling colonialism
           | on what the UAE is doing (admittedly a horrible regime) as if
           | France never engaged (and probably still is) in such
           | behavior.
        
             | tarkin2 wrote:
             | Irrelevant to the subject at hand.
        
               | mardifoufs wrote:
               | Would you read a Russian newspaper article about bad
               | treatment of Ukrainians in the west? I mean, sure but I
               | hope you wouldn't actually give it any credibility. To me
               | this is similar, considering how blatant France is about
               | 'Franceafrique' and how unapologetic it is about wanting
               | Africa to be its own little backyard.
        
       | treprinum wrote:
       | Next: Look at how much of Eastern European forests was clear-cut
       | in the past 5 years due to "battling insects"... Satellite
       | imagery is showing Brazil-like deforestation.
        
         | zdragnar wrote:
         | No need for the sarcastic scare quotes. The trees were dead or
         | dying and a fire hazard.
         | 
         | https://www.reuters.com/article/us-centraleurope-environment...
         | 
         | The studies I saw didn't agree with the climate change angle,
         | but bark beetles of various species are absolutely brutal to
         | trees.
         | 
         | What's more, depending on the species, the wood is useless for
         | anything but biomass. The larvae can and will burrow tunnels
         | deep into the trunk which makes the wood unappealing for most
         | uses... So it's not like it is a convenient excuse for loggers
         | to go in and clear cut.
        
       | friend_and_foe wrote:
       | Isn't this just rainforest conservation done right? I fail to see
       | the problem here.
        
         | situationista wrote:
         | Rainforest conservation can hardly be described as being "done
         | right" when it is paid for by selling/burning more fossil fuels
         | elsewhere.
        
       | yetanother12345 wrote:
       | Let me get this right...
       | 
       | You buy some piece of land, or (as per TFA) lease it for 30
       | years. Then, you do nothing with it.
       | 
       | On the basis of you having the potential of doing _something_
       | with it, you calculate a hypothetical difference in  "potential
       | scope of hypothetical activity" somehow denominated in the CO2
       | unit. The exact procedure for doing this is neither known,
       | reproducible, nor audited?
       | 
       | This purely fictional "measure" (for lack of a better term) is
       | then renamed to "credits" and converted to some monetary unit,
       | like, say USD. The exchange rate is then what? And why?
       | 
       | Last, you sell - as in actually sell - this purely fictional
       | nothingness to states and big corporations who all have multiple
       | economists and/or scientists employed. Plus ample access to
       | external specialists if their own capacities should somehow need
       | a reality check...
       | 
       | Is it me, or does this seem a bit weird (to put it politely)?
        
         | Swizec wrote:
         | Yes this is weird and also may be exactly what we need to do.
         | 
         | Here's a few politicians from various countries explaining,
         | basically, _"Look we need to develop. If you need us not to cut
         | down the jungle, you should pay. The economic activity needs to
         | come from somewhere. We can't live in poverty forever"_
         | 
         | https://time.com/6233998/brazil-indonesia-rainforests-climat...
         | 
         | https://news.mongabay.com/2022/11/where-is-the-money-brazil-...
         | 
         | Think of it as money paid for conservation. Then it all makes
         | sense.
        
           | alistairSH wrote:
           | Except the Western nations/companies who buy the credits no
           | longer have to reduce their emissions.
           | 
           | It's great that Liberia has an incentive to conserve its
           | forest. It's not so great that doing so gives the rest of the
           | world a license to pollute.
        
             | MichaelZuo wrote:
             | And it's unclear who is even responsible for making the
             | final decision on whether the 'licensed' forests have been
             | degraded in any way 30 years from now, and what authority
             | they have to do anything.
        
           | pyrale wrote:
           | > Think of it as money paid for conservation. Then it all
           | makes sense.
           | 
           | ...And this payment can be used by the buyers to justify
           | destroying the climate elsewhere, in a more efficient way.
        
             | beebeepka wrote:
             | Vs destroying everything everywhere. But hey, gotta pump up
             | more humans.
        
             | Swizec wrote:
             | I mean something is better than nothing?
             | 
             | Climate change is one of those things where asking for
             | perfection is the perfect way to ensure nothing happens.
             | This is a common lobbying tactic aimed at preventing
             | change. If that's not your intention, I recommend a
             | different approach - encouraging anything that might help.
        
         | ssss11 wrote:
         | ...and people think crypto doesn't make sense lol!!
        
       | smfjaw wrote:
       | Cambridge did a great study on how 'real' these credits are
       | https://www.cam.ac.uk/stories/carbon-credits-hot-air
        
       | situationista wrote:
       | Just to make sure it's clear to everyone who's commenting about
       | how great this is - in return for UAE paying to protect Liberia's
       | forests, it gets to burn more fossil fuels while claiming to be
       | reducing its carbon output. Not sure whether this is bad news
       | from a climate perspective, but it certainly isn't good news.
        
         | politelemon wrote:
         | Basically a perfect example of Goodhart's Law taken to
         | capitalist extremes.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodhart%27s_law
        
         | Loughla wrote:
         | I mean, if the forest was going to be developed, and this stops
         | that, it has to be worth something, correct?
        
           | pyrale wrote:
           | > if the forest was going to be developed
           | 
           | That's a nice euphemism.
        
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