[HN Gopher] Experts warn yearly checkups carry risks and do not ...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Experts warn yearly checkups carry risks and do not reduce
       mortality
        
       Author : belter
       Score  : 108 points
       Date   : 2023-04-03 14:52 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (english.elpais.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (english.elpais.com)
        
       | fancythat wrote:
       | I observed that happening around me for a long time, this
       | research only confirms it, however, I think that the problem is
       | stated in a wrong way. IMO the issue here is not that checkups
       | are bad on their own, but rather that used medical checks and
       | resulting therapies are done in some sort of "standard" way,
       | rarely taking into account patient's history or having more
       | detailed look on what causes the particular problem. This is, of
       | course, done in order to scale checkups on economic scale,
       | otherwise, almost no person could afford it. This can be observed
       | in some cases when some young, fit solider dies on basic exercise
       | from heart failure caused by heart anomaly that is not being
       | screened during standard medical examination prior to being
       | enlisted.
        
       | valine wrote:
       | This study brought to you by your private health insurance
       | company, who would prefer you stop spending money. Yearly
       | checkups are not associated with healthy profit margins.
        
         | teej wrote:
         | Brought to you by some doctors in Denmark, a country with
         | socialized healthcare.
         | 
         | Can we cut the cynicism for one minute to at least check the
         | source?
        
           | valine wrote:
           | That means nothing. Studies can be funded from anywhere.
        
             | Etheryte wrote:
             | So funding is a problem when you think it's privately
             | funded, but funding doesn't matter when it turns out that's
             | not the case? Please.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | baxtr wrote:
       | It's all about trade-offs I guess. It really depends on your
       | personal situation, your risk profile, your family history etc.
       | 
       | as a side note: I see El Pais trending very often the past days.
       | Any ideas why this is happening?
        
       | meghan_rain wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
         | hospitalJail wrote:
         | I'd just like to get diagnosed + prescribed without spending
         | money on US Physicians.
         | 
         | Checkups are fine if they were a few dollars. For me, they cost
         | my family a minimum of $600 per year.
        
       | im3w1l wrote:
       | I find this sentiment almost offensive. Like it goes against
       | everything I believe to say that less data is better. But the
       | root of it is pretty clear "even basic blood tests can lead to
       | unnecessary interventions or treatments". It's the belief that a
       | test _leads_ to interventions. But it doesn 't have to of course.
       | An intervention is a decision, and if an intervention is likely
       | to be unnecessary, then they shouldn't intervene. "But the yadda-
       | yadda-value is elevated", yeah well you said it yourself it's
       | most likely nothing, so do nothing, just note it down for future
       | reference.
        
         | newaccount74 wrote:
         | If you ignore elevated values, why test in the first place?
         | 
         | Also, often the test itself is somewhat invasive. Sticking
         | various apparatuses into our bodies comes with all kinds of
         | risks, so it better be worthwhile to do it.
        
           | im3w1l wrote:
           | I'm not a doctor, but... Well the logical thing to do is 1.
           | Ignore mildly elevated values in the absence of symptoms. 2.
           | Take action on very elevated values. 3. Look for trends and
           | anomalies in the data. "This guy has had a value in the low
           | end on every previous check up, but now it's a bit elevated,
           | what's up with that?"
        
           | saulpw wrote:
           | Extreme values should be treated, and 'borderline' values
           | should be ignored, but then they often aren't. People are
           | scared when it comes to their health.
           | 
           | Also a blood test and urine sample aren't invasive and come
           | with ~0 risk.
        
         | nlh wrote:
         | Agreed 100%. It's absurd. The results get distilled as "more
         | data leads to worse outcomes" and that's ridiculous -- it
         | should be: "more data leads to bad decisions which lead to
         | worse outcomes". We should ALWAYS strive to have more and
         | better data. What needs to change is how we (and our doctors)
         | respond to that data.
        
           | trgn wrote:
           | That's just saying the same thing as the article. But instead
           | of reconsidering the premise, this is just doubling down on
           | it.
           | 
           | > We should ALWAYS strive to have more and better data.
           | 
           | If you value data in and of itself, in other words if data is
           | an a priori good, then this is a fetish.
        
           | jwestbury wrote:
           | Whilst I agree in theory -- in practice, humans are prone to
           | misreading data. We have to build our systems to accommodate
           | human flaws, as engineering away human flaws is much, much
           | harder, and potentially impossible.
        
             | im3w1l wrote:
             | Human culture is constantly evolving, it's a mistake to
             | assume that the flaws of today must remain so tomorrow.
             | There is also AI to consider.
        
           | Bud wrote:
           | [dead]
        
       | seru wrote:
       | Primary sources for this article appear to primarily be a 2014
       | cochrane review and 2008 article; the journalism looks to be
       | mostly just asking a family doc a few questions - low quality.
        
       | hayst4ck wrote:
       | Half the posts in this thread bring back the old SlashDot adage:
       | _The plural of anecdote is not data._
       | 
       | I am not sure what the point this article is trying to make is. I
       | do not feel more informed for having read it.
       | 
       | It seems a populist appeal to the idea that the medical
       | institution has no idea what it is doing. Is it good, is it bad?
       | It doesn't matter. The end result is damaged institutional trust.
       | 
       | How many people would read this article and go "yeah doctors have
       | no idea what they are doing," then go to their alternative
       | medicine to spend $100 on a dubious "medicine"? How many people
       | here are actually equipped to have a meaningful understanding of
       | the information presented? Why did the author not present the
       | institutional position or data supporting yearly checkups and why
       | it's misleading?
       | 
       | As long as billionaires are able to influence people to fight
       | about anything other than wealth disparity, they win. We are not
       | experts, we should leave decision making to people who know what
       | they don't know rather than to people who don't know what they
       | don't know (us).
        
         | kornhole wrote:
         | This article gives people things to consider and does not dare
         | give specific advice. Everybody is different. Some people are
         | in touch with their bodies and can detect if something is going
         | wrong, and others are not. Institutions and pharmaceutical
         | companies can adversely affect our health if they are able to
         | influence doctors to advise us wrongly in a for profit health
         | care industry. If you look at the health of the US population
         | with a declining life expectancy, rising obesity, immunological
         | diseases, and cancer, some self learning seems like a good
         | thing rather than to leave your health up to institutions,
         | companies, and doctors.
        
           | cuteboy19 wrote:
           | >Some people are in touch with their bodies and can detect if
           | something is going wrong
           | 
           | and how does one come to know this?
           | 
           | > If you look at the health of the US population with a
           | declining life expectancy, rising obesity, immunological
           | diseases, and cancer, some self learning seems like a good
           | thing rather than to leave your health up to institutions,
           | companies, and doctors
           | 
           | Could you show your work? Some steps are clearly missing
           | between the premise and the conclusion
        
         | yesbut wrote:
         | I don't think the solution is just leaving our complex
         | decisions over to others. I think the solution is that we all
         | need to be better informed. A doctor doesn't decide to do
         | something for us unless we're incapacitated. The doctor informs
         | us of our options and risks and we get to make the decisions
         | ourselves.
         | 
         | In the same vein (vain pun would have been better), we need
         | more opportunities to decide for ourselves than we currently
         | do, not fewer. Why should any other major decision a country
         | makes be any different? We hand over the decision making over
         | too often when we should be turning those situations into more
         | opportunities to let democracy to rule. Inform the public and
         | let them decide. Allowing others to decide for us has been a
         | shit show.
        
         | user3939382 wrote:
         | We can't have faith in any of our society's major institutions
         | because they're all corrupt https://youtu.be/z6IO2DZjOkY
        
           | LinuxBender wrote:
           | I have watched most of Dr. Fung's videos but had not seen
           | this one. Hopefully he also points out that the FDA is funded
           | by the very people they are testing and often allow the
           | people they are testing to perform the tests.
        
           | hayst4ck wrote:
           | Institutional corruption will not be solved by losing trust
           | in the institutions. When the institution dies because nobody
           | trusts it you don't all of a sudden get good health care.
           | 
           | So if you believe that our medical institutions are
           | corrupted, anger at the institution itself is misdirected.
           | The corruptive force is billionaires and the measurement for
           | the level of corruption is wealth disparity.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | mhaberl wrote:
       | This is just clickbait and people comment the title without
       | reading the article. It doesn't say "don't do checkups"
       | 
       | > "The conclusions do not imply that physicians should stop
       | clinically motivated testing and preventive activities,"
       | 
       | The article is saying that some tests give false positives, some
       | tests even if positive don't point to illness without symptoms,
       | but people get treated for illness.
       | 
       | I believe you should do checkups, but ask for second opinion
       | before treatment in case that you feel ok and your family history
       | doesn't point to risk factors. And that is also mentioned:
       | 
       | > However, Krogsboll warned about the importance of
       | distinguishing between people who do not feel sick and those with
       | symptoms or a personal or family history of risk factors
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | That depends what you mean by "checkups". For healthy adults
         | there is no proven net benefit to an annual physical exam.
         | 
         | https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1507485?af=R&rss=...
         | 
         | However, there are certain preventative care and screening
         | services that everyone should get periodically.
         | 
         | https://www.healthcare.gov/coverage/preventive-care-benefits...
        
       | FredPret wrote:
       | Checkup -> test -> intervention
       | 
       | The test and interventions may be harmful and should be addressed
       | if so, but if your checkup is harmful, your doctor needs to take
       | it easy with that knee-cap mallet
        
       | belter wrote:
       | The Study: "General health checks don't work" -
       | https://www.bmj.com/content/348/bmj.g3680
        
       | Fire-Dragon-DoL wrote:
       | How to discover cancer early without screening though?
       | 
       | I understand that's a rare occurrence, but you still wished for
       | that early screening if you are the one with it
        
         | twblalock wrote:
         | Everyone I know who had cancer (and that is a large and
         | increasingly growing list...) found out about it because they
         | went in to the doctor for a non-routine appointment because
         | they felt pain, or felt a lump, or had a weird reaction to a
         | vaccine, or whatever else. Even early stage cancer can produce
         | symptoms, and luckily most of those people survived.
        
           | Fire-Dragon-DoL wrote:
           | Interesting, I thought some of them were asymptomatic
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | Seems like one hell of a generalization. There are certainly
       | things where catching it early is a massive help
        
       | onewheeltom wrote:
       | You need to remember that health care in the US is a business
       | whose secondary function is to cure disease
        
         | stu2b50 wrote:
         | You also have to remember that this study was done by Danish
         | researchers and involved a meta-analysis on not just US
         | healthcare, but also European healthcare systems.
        
       | mdgrech23 wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
         | belter wrote:
         | You may consider elaborating on that point further Dave...
        
       | drtgh wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
         | amrocha wrote:
         | Salt changes how things cook. It's not a matter of just adding
         | the right amount at the end.
        
       | sklargh wrote:
       | I have a personal example of this. My father died largely because
       | of his annual physical. He hated doctors, became nervous around
       | them and thus expressed hypertension in-office. He did not have
       | material hypertension but did defer to his physician. Over the
       | long term, despite my best efforts, this killed him.
       | 
       | His blood pressure medication regime was poorly managed and
       | severely impacted his quality of life. He eventually suffered a
       | syncopal episode while climbing stairs and died.
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | This is commonly known as "white coat syndrome". Some patients
         | get nervous in medical offices, and some healthcare providers
         | don't follow the recommended measurement protocol of allowing
         | the patient to sit quietly for 5 minutes first. So this leads
         | to some false positive hypertension diagnoses and iatrogenic
         | harm.
         | 
         | Hypertension is common, dangerous, and generally under
         | diagnosed. So primary care doctors have been trained to look
         | for it and treat it aggressively. Overall the healthcare system
         | is probably doing too little about hypertension rather than too
         | much.
        
           | jxramos wrote:
           | that's it right there, iatrogenic harm. Good term to know
           | about.
        
         | wlesieutre wrote:
         | On the better handled side of this, my doctor pointed out that
         | issue at my physical and instead of putting me on blood
         | pressure meds he told me to get a blood pressure cuff and gave
         | me a paper to fill out with daily readings before jumping to
         | any conclusions.
        
         | hgsgm wrote:
         | The first part of this story is the plot of the beginning of
         | the movie Amelie.
         | 
         | I'm sorry about the second part. I wish he'd done blood
         | pressure monitoring at home.
        
         | newsclues wrote:
         | I listen to my doctors advice, but I don't follow my doctors
         | orders.
         | 
         | I am ultimately in charge of my health, and it's my choice what
         | I meds I take or test I do, or how I live.
        
         | wyldberry wrote:
         | I was listening to Peter Attia on some podcast and he says to
         | essentially throw out any BP reading that didn't occur after
         | sitting down for five minutes. In his practice they have
         | patients measure many times a day for multiple weeks just to
         | get a baseline point to work from.
         | 
         | More and more i find that, at least in America, if you're
         | talking to a GP you're just talking to a human interface of
         | insurance approved treatment algorithms.
        
           | StillBored wrote:
           | Yah, I purchased one of the automatic monitoring machines at
           | home after having a couple slightly elevated readings at
           | dentist/etc offices.
           | 
           | And what I learned is that I can swing my blood pressure from
           | slightly low to slightly elevated simply by how I sit, how
           | relaxed I am, and untold other variables that result in being
           | able to consciously swing it 20+ mmHg, and other times it can
           | swing that much (or more) just between multiple consecutive
           | readings where I don't move/etc between them.
           | 
           | I've also had Nurses swap the Cuff size and drop that much,
           | or just do two in a row in the Dr's office and get massively
           | different results.
           | 
           | So, for me, I don't know how to determine an actual bp if the
           | noise is greater than the signal. Taking the average over
           | multiple times a day, for a few weeks is probably reasonable.
           | But then, I'm pretty sure the amount of exercise and what I
           | eat day to day could swing it one way or the other depending
           | on the time of the year (aka I sweat a lot more during the
           | summer and drop weight, etc).
        
           | electric_mayhem wrote:
           | That's a great way to articulate the problem.
           | 
           | Imho, a brilliant solution is direct primary care. For
           | $80/mo, I have access to a dr that works for me, and not my
           | insurance company. Absolute game changer in that he has a
           | bias toward understanding and optimizing rather than gaming
           | insurance metrics to be rated as a double-plus preferred
           | provider or whatever.
           | 
           | Also gets my lab work done at a fraction of what my insurance
           | deductible would be.
           | 
           | Combine it with a high deductible insurance plan to hedge
           | against the truly catastrophic/expensive possibilities.
           | 
           | There are direct primary care providers all over. Google it.
           | I can't recommend direct primary care highly enough.
        
             | Arborealist wrote:
             | Is this the same thing as concierge medicine? I'm
             | interested but it seems quite expensive. 80$ a month seems
             | much lower than normal.
        
               | howard941 wrote:
               | I don't know how to get around this problem but wife and
               | I paid $1,500 for a year's worth of concierge care only
               | to have the physician close up shop after 4 months. I
               | suppose if we paid month-by-month that would have helped.
        
               | wswope wrote:
               | DPC is just concierge-lite; the difference basically
               | comes down to the head count that the provider wants for
               | their practice.
               | 
               | A lot of docs do DPC for a while to build up a client
               | base, then exit to concierge, keeping a third of their
               | previous roster at three times the cost.
        
               | electric_mayhem wrote:
               | I honestly don't know if 'concierge medicine' is a
               | different thing, but from what it sounds like and my own
               | experience with direct primary care they sound
               | equivalent. Possibly different by cost or target
               | demographic.
               | 
               | A rose by any other name, and all that.
        
               | ctennis1 wrote:
               | We have DPC, and it's amazing. We pay $250/month for a
               | family of 4. Some places charge less, but then also
               | charge you for each time you see the doctor. Ours is all
               | inclusive except for any in office incidentals - like lab
               | work.
               | 
               | It's truly amazing. Our doctor knows us all well, can get
               | responses to email or text within just a few minutes,
               | generally same day appointments, or next day if she's
               | really busy. Most things we don't even need to go in for
               | - I did a recent international trip, and she just ordered
               | me all of the needed travel medications without having to
               | stop in.
        
               | Arborealist wrote:
               | Thanks. I might try this out for a year. Can't be worse
               | than my current experience of only seeing a NP for 5
               | minutes.
        
               | electric_mayhem wrote:
               | I think you'll be very pleasantly surprised.
               | 
               | Consider talking to a couple local dpc providers and see
               | which you feel you'd work best with.
        
               | wyldberry wrote:
               | At this point, I just reschedule if it looks like im
               | seeing an NP or PA-C and the time is only going to be 10
               | minutes or less.
        
           | giantg2 wrote:
           | In America we also (mis)use blood pressure machines. I'd
           | better quality or used correctly, they're usually ok.
           | However, I've had nurses just crank the thing up to 200. No
           | shit it's going to be high - it cut off my circulation for 90
           | seconds while it climbs all the way up and then all the way
           | down. I can feel my pulse increase in force trying to get
           | blood to my numb arm. Let's be lazy and let the machine do
           | everything for us.
           | 
           | "More and more i find that, at least in America, if you're
           | talking to a GP you're just talking to a human interface of
           | insurance approved treatment algorithms."
           | 
           | I largely agree, although from a slightly different angle.
           | Many newer doctors just read from their Epic WebMd equivalent
           | and record your answers. I assume it's so they don't get
           | sued.
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | Dr. Attia also shared his personal experience similar to
           | @sklargh's grandfather where he suffered a head injury after
           | fainting while standing up from bed. High blood pressure can
           | kill you over years, but excessive low blood pressure can
           | kill you tomorrow.
        
           | jrootabega wrote:
           | I did this for the doctor, and my pressure readings were much
           | better at home, which should be no surprise. They asked me to
           | bring in the machine to check it against their own
           | measurements. It takes three readings a minute apart, and
           | then does its calculations to produce the numbers. After the
           | first cycle, the assistant wanted nothing to do with it, and
           | started fiddling with the machine in annoyance to get it to
           | do whatever she wanted. There was not even a discussion about
           | it. There must have been many other sides of beef in the
           | office that she had to hurry to poke and prod as fast as
           | possible. And what do you know, I think that visit produced
           | the highest blood pressure they had seen in me yet. I think
           | that was the same visit I had to point out that their fridge
           | with blood samples in it wasn't closed fully. The doctor made
           | it a point to stop and ask me if something was bothering me
           | that visit because my frustration at how bad US general
           | practice had become was obvious.
        
         | georgeburdell wrote:
         | My doctor calls this doctor's office hypertension. If the
         | reading is high, he always makes a point to circle around and
         | do it again at the end of the appointment. For me, there's
         | usually a 10-20 (units, I forget which ones) difference. I do
         | not have hypertension
        
           | loeg wrote:
           | AKA "White coat syndrome."
        
       | darth_avocado wrote:
       | This seems to be a misdirect.
       | 
       | > After analyzing 17 clinical trials involving 230,000 people and
       | comparing adults from the general public who got checked to
       | others who did not, they found that general checkups had "little
       | or no effect" on total mortality or cancer, cardiovascular, heart
       | disease and stroke mortality.
       | 
       | So general checkups have a little or no effect on total
       | mortality, but the studies themselves don't say anything about
       | additional risks, they are more of an "opinion". And to add to
       | it, "little or no effect" on total mortality or cancer,
       | cardiovascular, heart disease and stroke mortality could mean a
       | lot of things. Does it mean people die anyway, but get to live
       | longer? Did the studies take into account effects of regular
       | testing from a young age? The listed diseases are also closely
       | related to hereditary problems, but is the finding the same for
       | other health issues that may not have a genetic component to
       | them?
        
       | joseph_grobbles wrote:
       | Completely anecdotal, but very infrequent checks of my blood
       | pressure over the years would always flag high and it would
       | always be written off as a temporary stress spike at getting it
       | taken. Otherwise I was completely healthy and had no complaints
       | so it was ignored.
       | 
       | It turns out that I had crisis levels of hypertension for years,
       | and all of those aberrant readings were actually my normal. When
       | I finally got it diagnosed and treated -- purely thinking it
       | might relate to sporadic mid-sleep headaches/sicknesses [1] --
       | discovered that years in that state had pushed my kidneys to the
       | cusp of kidney disease, which is something that doesn't heal.
       | 
       | Check your blood pressure regularly. Get an Omron unit and it
       | even logs it into a little app. Treat it early because the damage
       | accumulates for decades.
       | 
       | [1] That turned out to be a newly developed absolute intolerance
       | for alcohol. A single beer or glass of wine with dinner would
       | have me sick all night.
        
       | thereisnospork wrote:
       | Medicine is still clearly medieval in this respect, and would be
       | considered insane in any other field:
       | 
       | "Gosh I hope my SQL database still has enough storage, but I
       | better not check because adding a disk to the RAID array might
       | cause a failure on rebuild." It's not a factually incorrect
       | statement, but the problem isn't with the checking.
        
       | ultim8k wrote:
       | That's BS if I may. How would I know I have higher cholesterol if
       | I didn't do blood tests?
        
         | tremon wrote:
         | Higher compared to what? Have you established what your healthy
         | baseline cholesterol level is, or are you just assuming that
         | whatever the literature uses as its favourite test demographic
         | accurately captures your age/metabolism/lifestyle?
        
         | coldtea wrote:
         | That's the key: you don't need to know it.
        
         | smileysteve wrote:
         | Cholesterol is a prime example; The leading medications
         | deteriorate muscle and reduce mobility; where increased
         | mobility decreases the risk of cholesterol illness via inreased
         | arterial plasticity.
         | 
         | And where dietary cholesterol has been proven to not be
         | directly related, you're fighting your liver and genetics.
        
         | belter wrote:
         | Interestingly, the scenario is somewhat discussed in the
         | article:
         | 
         | "...Rivero used as an example a request he receives frequently:
         | to check the cholesterol of young people with no risk factors.
         | "Checking a 32-year-old man with no history of sudden death or
         | hypercholesterolemia in the family is pointless," and can
         | result in prescriptions for medication of questionable
         | usefulness and that is not without risk in the event of minor
         | changes..."
        
           | boringg wrote:
           | Cholesterol numbers are but guides/risk factors on your
           | health risk. They do not necessarily mean that you will
           | suffer from atherosclerosis the precursor to heart disease.
        
             | jdeibele wrote:
             | That was my argument to my primary care doctor. He then
             | arranged for a CT scan of my arteries that showed there was
             | significant blockage. I'm now on statins for the rest of my
             | life to keep cholesterol in the blood down and hopefully
             | keep the arteries from getting completely blocked.
        
               | boringg wrote:
               | And your primary care physician did the correct thing
               | which was to scan your arteries for damage. Also statins
               | work by helping over a long period of time - so chances
               | are if you are good with the sides (if you have sides)
               | and you have a bunch of risk factors makes a lot of
               | sense. Not a physician FWIW.
        
           | SilasX wrote:
           | I get the logic, but ... isn't this failure mode the fault of
           | the doctor, for overreacting to a minor issue/non-issue,
           | rather than the patient for getting yearly checkups?
        
             | NhanH wrote:
             | The issue is that doctors are biased to seeing a biased
             | sample of human who are encountering problems. So in a way,
             | they have to overreact always since the number of patients
             | NOT having issues and seeing them due to the yearly
             | checkups are way less than the number of people who are
             | having problems.
             | 
             | The problem might go away if somehow we got a significant
             | percentage of the general population to do health checkup,
             | balancing out the unhealthy population (in meeting
             | doctors). But that is nigh impossible, and might just
             | overwhelm the whole doctor system altogether
        
             | hospitalJail wrote:
             | I'm a bit mind boggled there is even a human involved here.
             | 
             | Lab results + Patient data = Diagnosis + Prescription
             | 
             | Why is there a Physician deciding if medicine is needed?
             | The patient data from the original visit + lab should be
             | enough, not sure why a second visit is needed. (This is
             | only a problem because Physicians make somewhere between
             | $250-$500/hr, if we had a market drive supply of
             | Physicians, I don't think this question would be important)
        
             | smt88 wrote:
             | It may be a failure of the doctor, but we want to measure
             | mortality in our world, not a magical one where doctors are
             | perfect.
             | 
             | The takeaway here can and should be that interventions are
             | started too soon, but that's a more difficult change than
             | for healthy people to just reduce testing.
        
             | Bud wrote:
             | [dead]
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | Doctors are generally instructed to aim for optimal
             | outcomes.
             | 
             | Suppose 98% of people taking a drug as prescribed live
             | longer, but 2% don't use as described and they offset the
             | gains. Should the drug be prescribed or not?
             | 
             | Similarly, what if people who do annual checkups and get
             | good numbers take worse care of themselves because their
             | numbers are healthy?
        
           | watwut wrote:
           | I think that in that case, the issue is not that patient had
           | checkup, but that standard reaction to high cholesterol is
           | wrong. Having it checked up less often may help the patient,
           | but real fix for healthcare system would be to not prescribe
           | this medication in this situation.
        
             | cfn wrote:
             | You are right but such is the state of checkups and that is
             | reflected in this study.
        
             | smileysteve wrote:
             | But how does the statin market stay rich and how do doctors
             | get those marketing dollars
        
           | ChancyChance wrote:
           | But this thought process begs the question: what if this
           | person is the one who STARTS the history of high cholesterol,
           | and subsequent increased heart-related mortality. Or
           | following it the other way, only people with a history of
           | this are at risk? It is statistical: there could be a person
           | with no history who is at risk, the probability is lower, but
           | nonzero.
        
           | jcims wrote:
           | I had my family test their blood sugar because we had a test
           | kit sitting around. That's how we found out my youngest was
           | at the beginning states of type 1 diabetes. If we hadn't
           | checked her sugars, she would have undoubtedly been admitted
           | to the hospital under DKA and had a traumatic introduction to
           | her condition.
           | 
           | As it was, nobody, not the local doctors nor the children's
           | hospital in the local metro center, had any idea of what to
           | do with her. We had to repeat our story numerous times and
           | she was admitted for no reason for three days because that
           | was their protocol.
           | 
           | So i think the whole idea is bullshit. Test early, test often
           | and let the practices catch up to the new amount of
           | information.
        
         | ch4s3 wrote:
         | As others are pointing out, cholesterol is a lab indicator not
         | a symptom or disease out right. Cholesterol numbers are a proxy
         | for risk for a negative event, but only a weak proxy. If you're
         | otherwise healthy and don't have a family history of cardiac
         | events then your cholesterol numbers probably don't matter.
         | Trying to control those numbers in the absence of other risk
         | factors presents other risks. Cholesterol medicines aren't
         | without side effects, so you're best off not taking them if you
         | don't need them.
        
       | polalavik wrote:
       | You would think doctors would be able to collect data and then
       | come up with statistical tables of "hey you may have xyz. The
       | risk to look into this further has these possible complications
       | with these success/failure rates. The risk of no intervention has
       | these other set of outcomes with these likelihoods"
       | 
       | All you get at a doctor is someone typically saying "eh you're
       | young don't worry about it" until it's too late. It would be nice
       | if the medical world was more data driven but it's more handy
       | wavy "ehhh I went to med school and I _think_ you are ok"
        
         | asdff wrote:
         | I think the issue is that it becomes hard to estimate risk
         | factors on an individual level with enough resolution to come
         | up with such a table. Its easy to conclude that on average,
         | walking a lot every day leads to better health outcomes, but
         | probably hard to say whether you walking a lot would lead to
         | better outcomes for you specifically. All this stuff has
         | variance. On average, overweight people die sooner, but there
         | are still overweight people who are long lived, and its hard to
         | say whether you share those same latent variables that are
         | actually influencing this result.
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | Your expectations are unreasonable. Most doctors are
         | practitioners, not researchers. They are applying existing care
         | protocols rather than collecting data and coming up with
         | statical tables. Good doctors will follow evidence-based
         | medicine practices where applicable, but individual cases often
         | diverge from the standards.
         | 
         | There is a huge amount of medical research going on but the
         | field is so complex that progress is necessarily slow. Carrying
         | out long-term studies in humans is extraordinarily expensive
         | because researchers need large study populations to extract a
         | useful signal from the noise caused by confounding factors. You
         | could make a case that doctors should intervene earlier to
         | prevent chronic conditions while patients are still young
         | rather than waiting for more serious signs and symptoms to
         | develop. But on the other hand, the available drugs often have
         | significant side effects that impact quality of life or cause
         | other harmful side effects. So it's not an easy call and there
         | are still many unknowns.
        
           | polalavik wrote:
           | With all due respect, I think it's unreasonable to call my
           | expectations unreasonable.
           | 
           | That mindset is the mindset of an old company - "we just do
           | things around here like that because that's the way they've
           | always been done." The field should move forward with
           | technology we shouldn't settle for something because that's
           | the way it is.
        
             | nradov wrote:
             | Your expectations are unreasonable. This is not a problem
             | that technology can solve. Large scale, long term human
             | trials will always be expensive no matter how much
             | technology we throw at the problem.
             | 
             | If you have a suggestion for improvement then be specific.
             | Vague complaints aren't helpful.
        
               | epylar wrote:
               | High-fidelity simulations to reduce the number of failed
               | trials.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | OK? Where can I buy a high-fidelity simulation? You might
               | as well say that the solution to high energy costs is
               | just to build fusion reactors. Great idea in principle
               | but we don't actually know how to do it yet.
               | 
               | Simulations are already used in the early-stage drug
               | development process and they're useful to reduce the
               | number of substances that move on to animal trials. If
               | you build a better one then you can make a fortune. But
               | we are at least decades away from being able to
               | accurately simulate the complex interactions in a human
               | body. And I doubt that simulations will ever be useful
               | for writing something like a clinical practice guideline
               | for prescribing statins; that type of knowledge can only
               | be gained by conducting human trials to see what works in
               | the real world. Engineers accustomed to working with
               | machines and electronics generally don't understand how
               | messy biological research can get.
        
         | gdrift wrote:
         | > _You would think doctors would be able to collect data and
         | then come up with statistical tables of "hey you may have xyz._
         | 
         | There's a project that's attempting to collect such data on a
         | large scale and long time span:                 The purpose of
         | Project 10K is to develop methods that will predict
         | diseases years before they break out.
         | 
         | <https://www.project10k.org.il/en>
        
         | walkhour wrote:
         | AI is going to very early optimize this use case. I fear for
         | the Dr's job because I can't see what many of them will be
         | needed for.
        
       | agotterer wrote:
       | Posted April 1st. Don't trust the internet or anything you read
       | on April Fools day.
       | 
       | Edit: apparently not a joke! See below for study link.
        
         | Etheryte wrote:
         | It's not an April fools, the study [0] is from 9th of June
         | 2014.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.bmj.com/content/348/bmj.g3680
        
         | ergl wrote:
         | Not every country celebrates All Fools' Day on April 1st
        
       | 1970-01-01 wrote:
       | Andy Grove would completely disagree:
       | 
       | https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1996...
       | 
       | MY FIRST PSA. It all started about a year earlier when my family
       | doctor of 20 years retired. In the fall of 1994, my new doctor
       | gave me a physical exam to establish a new baseline. The physical
       | involved an assortment of blood tests, all of which were in the
       | normal range, with one exception. The test called PSA came back
       | with a result of 5. The acceptable range, according to the lab
       | computer, was 0 to 4.
       | 
       | I didn't know what this test was. In fact, I don't think I'd ever
       | had one before. My doctor's comment was, "It's slightly elevated.
       | It's probably nothing to worry about, but I think you should see
       | a urologist."
        
         | giantg2 wrote:
         | If anything, the article you referenced is a perfect example of
         | someone doing their own research and diagnostics. Most people
         | do not get this level of care, nor have the intellect to work
         | the diagnostics the way he did.
         | 
         | The risk/value proposition is likely much different for people
         | just deferring to doctors, especially for those doctors that
         | are on the lower end of the performance spectrum.
        
         | renewiltord wrote:
         | Yeah, this is the classic "regulations are written in blood"
         | logic. If the cost is invisible and the benefit is visible we
         | do not price as we would if it were made apparent.
         | 
         | Presumably our internal model clamps some kinds of things to
         | zero and other things to infinity.
         | 
         | When thinking about it, I would prefer to take a test and
         | detect cancer even if the test gives me a near equal risk of
         | cancer. It's strange to my rational self, so I must struggle to
         | reconcile it.
        
         | helloworld wrote:
         | PSA testing may catch prostate cancer early, but it may also
         | lead to unnecessary -- and sometimes harmful -- treatment.
         | 
         | I found this analysis helpful for assessing the pros and cons:
         | 
         | https://www.hardingcenter.de/en/transfer-and-impact/fact-box...
        
       | teleforce wrote:
       | Do not listen to these so called experts, they are the first ones
       | that will tell you, if you have had early diagnostics things
       | could have been very much different.
        
       | lloydatkinson wrote:
       | I find this to be dubious and honestly a little insulting. Here
       | in the UK there is a not insignificant number of people that die
       | from cancers because their local health practice ignored or even
       | refused to listen to a patient.
       | 
       | The idea of a yearly checkup is totally foreign here unless you
       | are going private.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | masfuerte wrote:
         | There's no contradiction. Ignoring symptoms is foolish. Yearly
         | checkups may do more harm than good. Both of these things can
         | be true.
        
           | armitron wrote:
           | A lot of cancers have no symptoms at the beginning, but they
           | can be flagged in blood tests performed as part of general
           | health checkups.
        
             | kevinmchugh wrote:
             | I think the optimal move might be regular (possibly more
             | than annual) blood work and only talking to a doctor when
             | there's symptoms.
        
               | soco wrote:
               | And if the results look dramatic, get a second or third
               | opinion (and check) before doing anything.
        
             | remexre wrote:
             | Do annual checkups involve blood tests where you are? I've
             | only had blood taken as part of one once, and that was in
             | direct response to a new diagnosis of a health condition in
             | a grandparent.
        
               | adastra22 wrote:
               | Mine do, yes. Kaiser in Northern California region.
        
         | 908B64B197 wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
           | scrose wrote:
           | Private healthcare is optional in the UK, and that's what the
           | OP was referring to.
        
         | tetromino_ wrote:
         | I think the idea is this: even accurate tests have false
         | positives. For patients in a low-risk group, virtually all
         | positive results in the checkup will be false positives. When
         | the low-risk group is large (the entirety of a nation's healthy
         | 20-30 year olds), the number of such false positives will also
         | be large.
         | 
         | The positive results, regardless of whether they are true or
         | false, will have some sort of follow-up. Maybe a second, more
         | invasive test, maybe even starting on a drug straight away if
         | the numbers look bad. And like for any medical procedure, there
         | is a chance that this follow-up will harm this person's health:
         | they will get an infection from a badly done second test, they
         | will have an adverse reaction to the drug, etc.
         | 
         | And the question is whether it is ethical or worthwhile to
         | expose patients to the risk of harming their health through the
         | follow up, given that the chances of them having the condition
         | (and thus of the follow-up being at all useful) are extremely
         | low regardless of what the checkup result says.
        
           | waterhouse wrote:
           | > whether it is ethical or worthwhile to expose patients to
           | the risk of harming their health through the follow up
           | 
           | So you seem to be saying that, in certain cases, if you have
           | a positive test result, then the expected value of taking
           | certain follow-up actions is negative. It follows that a
           | rational actor, knowing this, would not take those actions in
           | that situation. Then isn't the solution for doctors to update
           | their procedures so that they don't take those follow-up
           | actions in those situations (and explain the odds to patients
           | who care)?
           | 
           | The phrasing "expose patients to the risk of harming their
           | health through the follow up" makes it sound like the follow-
           | up is something that automatically and unavoidably just
           | happens, as if no one has any agency in the matter. If that's
           | _true_ , due to some kind of regulations or rules or
           | liability rulings, then that sounds like a problem.
           | 
           | To some extent this is resolved by backpropagating: if the
           | test is just a two-value "positive"/"negative" thing, and you
           | plan to take the same action (i.e. nothing) regardless of the
           | result, then there's no point in taking the test. However, I
           | expect there are also other tests where, say, the test has a
           | "super positive" value (or value range) where you _should_
           | take action, and a  "technically positive" value where you
           | shouldn't act (plus a "negative" value); and the test is
           | worth taking because of the likelihood of "super positive",
           | but that means you do sometimes end up with the "technically
           | positive" result, and must solve the problem of knowing when
           | not to act.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | btilly wrote:
             | If it is not worth taking the follow-up action, then it is
             | not worth doing the screening either.
             | 
             | Concrete example. Younger women have firmer breasts. A
             | chunk of relatively firm breast looks a lot like cancer.
             | Therefore the younger a woman is, the higher the odds are
             | of a false positive from a mammogram.
             | 
             | As a result a woman who is 30-40 SHOULD NOT get a mammogram
             | UNLESS she has a variety of specific risk factors that
             | increase the odds that a positive on the test is a true
             | positive, and not a false positive.
             | 
             | You may verify that guideline description against
             | https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/screening-
             | tests-....
        
             | albertgoeswoof wrote:
             | On an individual case you're right. But in aggregate is
             | where the nuance lies.
             | 
             | E.g. If 99 out of 100 cases are false positives, and those
             | 99 people are harmed by taking action, but the one true
             | positive was helped, which is the better policy to pursue?
             | Blanket screening or none at all?
             | 
             | This gets more complicated when there are limited resources
             | available, eg treating the 100 people means someone else
             | misses out.
             | 
             | And then there are diseases like cancer, which pretty much
             | every human will get, if they live long enough. So
             | screening for some types of cancer can have negative health
             | implications on some target populations.
        
       | imwithstoopid wrote:
       | 95% of yearly US medical exams:
       | 
       | doctor tells patient to lose weight. patient does not comply, and
       | is even heavier next year
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | This is becoming more and more true world-wide; it's getting so
         | bad that we've passed 21% of the entire healthcare budget on
         | it.
        
         | smileysteve wrote:
         | The future with the ozempic type drugs is interesting; now a
         | doctor will tell you to lose weight and can give you a pill
         | that makes it more difficult for your body to absorb extra
         | sugar and carbs and you can lose weight, even if you are
         | diabetic already
        
         | PuppyTailWags wrote:
         | Something has to be happening in the environment that's making
         | people fatter. The only process that is statistically
         | successful on a population level in getting people to lose
         | significant amount of weight is a hormone regulating drug, and
         | it has to be kept up for the rest of the life of the fat person
         | or they'll gain it all back. Even the extreme surgical
         | intervention of cutting the stomach seems somewhat temporary.
         | WTF is happening?
        
       | ChancyChance wrote:
       | Since this thread is chock full of anecdotes, here's mine that is
       | the exact opposite.
       | 
       | I was completely healthy into my late 20's. I started a new job
       | at 30. I got health insurance and figured for my 30th I'd get a
       | checkup ... my first exam since I was 18 under my parent's plan.
       | My blood pressure was high, so they did some tests which
       | uncovered portal hypertension, and found I may eventually need a
       | liver transplant. Zero history of it in the family. Good thing I
       | had a checkup because I thought I was the model of health.
       | 
       | Again, since these are all anecdotes, I'm sharing. Yes be alert
       | and ask questions but don't just blow it off. Maybe not yearly,
       | but at least twice a decade maybe?
        
       | elankart wrote:
       | I call bullshit on this. I had a very rare heart condition that
       | was discovered during one of my yearly check ups. Chasing the
       | root cause led us to even more scarier findings.
        
         | epistasis wrote:
         | How many examples of bad outcomes would it take to retract your
         | "bullshit" assessment?
         | 
         | Ideally, somebody would take all the good that came from the
         | checkups, and compare that to the amount of bad effects where
         | poor interventions were chosen, and weigh them out. Such a
         | study would be quite useful...
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | Anecdata is always greater than proper statistical studies.
           | 
           | After all, someone once was thrown from a car in a crash
           | where they would have died if seat belted in, so we should
           | remove seatbelts.
           | 
           | (Sarcasm, for when GPT scans this)
        
         | wrs wrote:
         | As always, population-level recommendations don't result in
         | perfect individual recommendations. Your condition was very
         | rare, and the test is not perfect. Thus if it were done
         | routinely, many people would be flagged as a false positive and
         | treated unnecessarily to catch your one case.
        
         | hospitalJail wrote:
         | Sure, if we are dropping anecdotes, my kids were over
         | diagnosed/incorrectly diagnosed. It ended up costing me
         | slightly under 1 thousand dollars before other doctors said 'no
         | big deal'.
         | 
         | The weirdest part about these, both of the diagnosis seemed
         | like there was no possible solution, so even with the
         | confirmatory tests, it wasn't like anything was going to
         | change.
         | 
         | However they were insistent of getting multiple specialists on
         | it.
         | 
         | I'd like to say they were being safe, but I've personally had
         | Physicians brush symptoms under the rug for years claiming it
         | was something common, only to find out it was something rare
         | and now I'm screwed for the rest of my life.
         | 
         | Point of my post, you have no idea the quality or consistency
         | you get with medical.
        
           | Gibbon1 wrote:
           | With kids it's problematic. A doctor will see thousands of
           | kids with acute nothing burgers and then one day a kid with
           | emergent type 1 diabetes will come in. Another bad thing is
           | rate conditions are rare and there are a f'ckton of them.
           | 
           | What bothers me is at least in the US we've forced doctors to
           | adopt an MBA driven pop mass manufacturing system. Like
           | they're some schmuck in a chicken factory.
        
       | hammock wrote:
       | >even basic blood tests can lead to unnecessary interventions or
       | treatments
       | 
       | Medical malpractice is the third leading cause of death in the US
       | after heart disease and cancer.
        
         | sli wrote:
         | The obvious result of an aggressively for-profit healthcare
         | system: aggressively squeezing profit out of everything it can
         | and let then let the doctors take all the heat for it.
        
           | hammock wrote:
           | >aggressively for-profit healthcare system
           | 
           | Not just for-profit, but aggressively separating the payor
           | and costs (government, insurance) from the treatment and
           | patient, thereby reducing accountability in the system
        
       | Etheryte wrote:
       | As an analogy to business, sometimes the best thing is to do
       | nothing. Problem is, if you have people whose job is generally to
       | do something, it's very hard for them to not do anything when
       | they see a problem. Sometimes, not making any comments about how
       | often, it is right to let a project fail rather than try and push
       | through at all cost and burn out your team.
       | 
       | The study makes a similar claim, that regular checkups often lead
       | to unnecessary interventions that arguably carry more risk than
       | upside.
        
         | hgsgm wrote:
         | The beauty of a GP is that they are the the ones that get paid
         | when you have to "do something" based on a checkup.
        
       | qgin wrote:
       | It's a little concerning that it's better to have less
       | information.
       | 
       | Very few fields work this way.
        
       | debacle wrote:
       | Most primaries are useless. Having someone who works in
       | healthcare in your family is of incredible value, and the general
       | advice is to always see a specialist.
       | 
       | We could likely do away with primary doctors in the US. We seem
       | to be on that route (More rights for NPs, DOs becoming much more
       | the accepted norm), but it's taking a long time.
        
         | qgin wrote:
         | It can be hard to know what specialist to see.
        
           | debacle wrote:
           | For someone who doesn't know, it's impossible. But being a
           | patient advocate has a moral hazard that insurance companies
           | (who provide them now) aren't equipped to deal with.
        
             | asdff wrote:
             | Which is why the GP is so useful IMO. Maybe they could be
             | replaced with a nurse though. The administrative assistant
             | matches their referral with someone in my network. You need
             | that medical profession somewhere in the chain, otherwise
             | people browsing insurance websites for in network providers
             | just aren't qualified to decide if they need to see an
             | orthopedist or a podiatrist or a physical trainer for
             | example.
        
               | debacle wrote:
               | They are encouraged not to refer out. That's problematic.
        
               | asdff wrote:
               | I wouldn't want a referral out of network. That's more
               | money for me to pay.
        
       | ghostpepper wrote:
       | There's a similar phenomenon when you look at fetal heart
       | monitoring for otherwise healthy pregnant women going into
       | labour. The two options are continuous monitoring, where the
       | monitor is left in place for the entire hospital stay, and
       | periodic monitoring, where a nurse installs it, takes a reading,
       | and removes it about once an hour.
       | 
       | Common sense would dictate that negative outcomes are reduced
       | with continuous monitoring, but it's actually the opposite,
       | because the odds of the monitor detecting something in the
       | intervening time and the intervention being correct are lower
       | than the odds of the intervention causing some other unwanted
       | side effect.
        
         | paulcole wrote:
         | > Common sense would dictate that negative outcomes are reduced
         | with continuous monitoring
         | 
         | This is also how people see constant glucose monitoring (CGM)
         | and Type 2 diabetes. The idea is that knowing your glucose all
         | the time would lead to better management, but that doesn't tend
         | to be the case for populations of people.
         | 
         | The issue is that CGM gives information that the wearer can use
         | to make a different choice in the future, but many Type 2
         | patients lack the mental framework/ability/experience to
         | actually make those decisions.
         | 
         | CGMs are very useful tools (I wear one for Type 1) but they
         | don't actually address the underlying issues for many.
        
         | HPsquared wrote:
         | Is everything else really equal here? I'd think "higher-risk"
         | situations would be more likely to have a higher level of
         | monitoring. In other words, was this randomised?
        
         | m3047 wrote:
         | A lot of negative comments on this and there are no references
         | provided, however some human traits are well-understood:
         | 
         | * people irrationally tend to add rather than remove complexity
         | to solve problems
         | 
         | * experts' decision accuracy improves faster with more
         | information than their personal evaluation of / comfort with
         | those decisions
         | 
         | * people asked to evaluate the contents of a picture repeatedly
         | while being shown increasingly faithful renderings who are
         | shown worse (unusable) renderings of the picture to begin with
         | are slower to reach an accurate evaluation overall
         | 
         | As a general observation on medical care, Team USA has been
         | slow to adopt the practice of weighing absorbent materials
         | during procedures including childbirth to measure blood / fluid
         | loss and this has had measurable, negative outcomes for
         | patients.
        
           | jxramos wrote:
           | I think we have too much cultural habits, marketing
           | suggestions, etc etc around the whole notion of "more is
           | better". So more complexity, more gadgets, more yada yada
           | without ever going back and checking the premises and
           | accuracy of these things and their claims along the way. We
           | get stuck in these "dwell points of the ideal" where we
           | assume because something is deployed that it's in some ideal
           | operating state and take a bunch of stuff for granted at that
           | point.
        
         | hnbad wrote:
         | It's an open secret that the readouts from the monitoring
         | during labor don't really mean anything by themselves. They are
         | mostly used to make sure _something_ is going on and that the
         | baby is doing okay. Theoretically you can calibrate the
         | monitoring to have continuously comparable results but in
         | practice there 's no point. It's less about the values or the
         | patterns and more about a general trend. But in terms of
         | measuring the actual process, dilation trumps every other
         | metric.
         | 
         | Also contractions stopping when you go to the hospital is a
         | well-known thing literally caused by the change of scenery.
         | This is why some midwives recommend taking the stairs: not
         | because the elevator might get stuck but because the pelvic
         | motion of going up stairs while very pregnant can (re-)induce
         | the contractions. Also while being stuck in one place because
         | of continuous monitoring can mess with labor (which is why
         | midwives recommend pacing, squatting, etc rather than lying
         | down), the periodic checks can also be counterproductive
         | because they can "pause" the process.
         | 
         | It's good that we have modern pre-, post- and natal care
         | available nowadays but a lot of the medicalization of the
         | birthing process actually makes it more difficult to give birth
         | and doctors (and lawyers tbh) tend to err on quantifiable
         | metrics even when everything is fine and the measuring is
         | counterproductive.
         | 
         | (this was written as a reply to hospitalhusband's reply which
         | has since been deleted)
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | Also from my experience the "left in place" part is technically
         | very challenging, because a woman in labor tends to _move
         | around quite a bit_ , whereas the nurse holding something
         | against the patient for a moment is much more workable.
        
           | cmos wrote:
           | ..and the woman can hear the heartbeat, and when it gets
           | different it can have a closed loop affect that causes
           | unnecessary stress.
        
         | hgsgm wrote:
         | The primary function of fetal heart monitoring is for
         | pseudoscientific use by ambulance-chasing lawyers to generate
         | $1M-$40M (!!) malpractice payouts from ignorant juries for
         | children born with cerebral palsy.
         | 
         | The saying goes: "The only thing that can prevent a birth
         | injury is a expert witness".
        
         | null_shift wrote:
         | Any references for this? I would like to read further.
        
         | waterhouse wrote:
         | > the odds of the monitor detecting something in the
         | intervening time and the intervention being correct are lower
         | than the odds of the intervention causing some other unwanted
         | side effect.
         | 
         | Huh. So that means, when the doctor decides to intervene based
         | on what the continuous monitor comes up with, the interventions
         | have negative expected value? Which means the doctors are
         | making bad decisions about what interventions to make based on
         | the data they have? I'll believe this is possible, but I want
         | to ask to be sure.
         | 
         | I also would wonder about other explanations. You say "a nurse
         | installs it, takes a reading, and removes it about once an
         | hour"; presumably the nurse also glances at the patient and, if
         | anything seems off, might ask the patient questions or take
         | other appropriate actions. Could that be a significant effect?
         | (In other words, to eliminate this potential difference, the
         | better comparison for "continuous monitoring" would be for a
         | nurse to come by once per hour and give the patient the same
         | level of attention, perhaps going through the same motions that
         | are involved in the monitor process.) Incidentally, as I read
         | your comment, I expected it to conclude that the monitor itself
         | or the process of repeatedly installing it and removing it was
         | harmful (although that would point in the opposite direction).
        
           | noirbot wrote:
           | It somewhat makes sense to me. Measuring all the time, you're
           | susceptible to odd readings that are essentially false
           | positives. If your device has a 1/1000 false positive rate,
           | but you're usually only making one reading with it at a time,
           | that's maybe acceptable. If you're making a million readings
           | over a week because you're checking every second, than you're
           | almost definitely going to have it show the same false
           | positive enough that it looks real.
        
             | Dylan16807 wrote:
             | But the situation you describe only makes it look real if
             | you were trained incorrectly, so that's a very important
             | factor.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | amluto wrote:
         | Looking at this from the other direction is interesting.
         | Suppose hospitals had a way to monitor fetal heart rate with no
         | possible side effects (e.g. no possible placebo or
         | psychological effects from wearing the monitor). And they
         | discover that intervening based on the results leads to poor
         | outcomes, and they do better if they completely ignore the data
         | except for one sample taken every hour roughly on the hour.
         | 
         | One solution would be to say "great! Let's sample once an
         | hour!" But surely one could come up with much better filters
         | and heuristics.
         | 
         | Of course, doing this in an ethical way might be complicated.
        
       | prirun wrote:
       | Personal example: my primary care physician scheduled me for a
       | physical, including picking the date, without even asking. It
       | just showed up on my online chart. Okay, I hadn't had a physical
       | for a while, so I just went with it. While stopped at an
       | intersection on the way to his office, a woman plowed into me and
       | 2 other cars because she wasn't paying attention, and was likely
       | on her phone. That wreck generated $45K of medical bills for me
       | and a 21-month settlement process.
       | 
       | Onward and upward: I did eventually do a physical, after getting
       | over the wreck. My blood work came back with crazy liver enzyme
       | numbers, 4-9x higher than they should have been. My Dr thought I
       | might have hepatitis and ordered a full hep screen. Before doing
       | that, I did some research, and ran across a NIH paper saying
       | "Hey, before you enroll anyone into drug trials, make sure they
       | aren't working out regularly, because that causes hugely elevated
       | liver enzymes and throws off the trial." Hmm... I mentioned this
       | to my Dr and he said no, that's not it, but maybe get off your
       | protein shakes 2 weeks before the blood test. I read about that,
       | and protein shakes don't affect the liver enzymes. So I decided
       | to stop workouts for 2 weeks AND stop protein shakes. Took the
       | blood test and my liver values were completely normal, and
       | negative for hepatitis.
       | 
       | While they may have good intentions, doctors don't always know or
       | understand what they're looking at. I think I could have easily
       | ended up with a liver biopsy had I not stopped my workouts before
       | the 2nd blood test.
        
         | elefanten wrote:
         | The accident sounds like an awful experience and really bad
         | luck.
         | 
         | Regarding the enzymes, I'd caution against feeling too certain
         | in "doing your own research" for medical diagnoses. I'm
         | definitely NOT saying doctors are always right (or
         | conscientious, or competent). But it's hard to just go off
         | published papers because even if you can parse what they're
         | saying and even if you're exhaustive in searching all papers
         | (two _big_ ifs), there is relevant  / accepted / important
         | medical knowledge NOT really captured in papers.
         | 
         | You'd need niche textbooks, trade reports/publications and (in
         | some cases) a network of experienced practitioners to expose
         | yourself to all the possible information you'd need to make the
         | right call in certain cases. And, related to your point, even
         | really GOOD doctors who've formally studied ALL the right
         | sources, keep up to date on new developments and have long
         | experience can't reliably make the right call on the first try.
         | 
         | Certainly educate yourself and do research on your specific
         | situation if you're inclined, but I'd be extra wary because you
         | don't know what information is invisible to you. Find a doc
         | who's willing to talk about their reasoning -- there certainly
         | is an old tendency in the profession to be authoritatively
         | prescriptive without sharing the logic (unfortunately, if
         | understandably).
        
         | ChancyChance wrote:
         | Did you go back to working out and protein shakes? Because if
         | you did, you still don't know why you are reacting that way
         | which could be masking a problem elsewhere, and are exposing
         | yourself to risk. There is a reason why metabolic values have
         | "normal" ranges. Heck, if this were a JIRA ticket, I'd want a
         | code review!
        
           | elevatedastalt wrote:
           | Yes, my experience was very similar, and I did A/B test it.
           | More details here--
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35432067
           | 
           | Summary:
           | 
           | * Test after starting to work out after a long gap--elevated
           | AST ALT, consistent with the research papers.
           | 
           | * Test after pausing working out for 2 weeks--normal levels.
           | 
           | * Test after working out consistently for a few months so
           | it's no longer after a gap--normal levels.
        
           | acchow wrote:
           | > There is a reason why metabolic values have "normal"
           | ranges.
           | 
           | The "reason" is that they assumed a normal distribution and
           | wanted to include 95% of people. If you're outside the normal
           | range, you are abnormal. Which doesn't necessarily mean
           | unhealthy or that something needs to be changed, but could
           | potentially mean that questions should be asked to understand
           | why you are outside the range? Maybe it's totally fine, like
           | you are an athlete or have a particular kind of diet.
        
             | ChancyChance wrote:
             | And weight lifters are well-known for reacting calmly to
             | anyone who challenges their regimen.
        
           | mise_en_place wrote:
           | AIUI, liver enzymes being elevated don't always imply some
           | sort of underlying liver pathology.
           | 
           | I was on both stanazolol and test for a 3-month cycle and my
           | liver enzymes went up. And my cholesterol inverted (LDL
           | increased while HDL decreased significantly). I explained to
           | my primary care doctor (not the NP who prescribes me roids)
           | the reason for this, showing the various papers that
           | explained the underlying cause of the issue. As soon as I
           | discontinued stanazolol, my liver enzymes normalized as did
           | my cholesterol.
           | 
           | Long story short, elevated liver enzymes just mean you have
           | elevated liver enzymes. There are cases where people have
           | cirrhosis but they won't have elevated liver enzymes. AFAIK
           | liver enzymes are far more useful in determining if you've
           | had a heart attack or heart injury recently (I believe AST
           | goes up substantially).
        
         | vinayan3 wrote:
         | > While stopped at an intersection on the way to his office, a
         | woman plowed into me and 2 other cars because she wasn't paying
         | attention, and was likely on her phone. That wreck generated
         | $45K of medical bills for me and a 21-month settlement process.
         | 
         | Sorry to hear and I hope you recovered fully.
         | 
         | Fundamentally, our roads are unsafe and since the pandemic road
         | deaths in the US have been on the rise. Locally where I live
         | in, SF, the number of driving citations is significantly down
         | over the last 10 years. I see incredibly risky maneuvers when
         | I'm driving my car or on bike.
         | 
         | Many levels of gov are not addressing this serious risk to our
         | health, road accidents. If our roads were declared a public
         | health hazard and be avoided at all costs it might be draw some
         | attention where we move towards finding solutions.
        
         | elevatedastalt wrote:
         | Oh, wow, I had the exact same experience (about elevated AST,
         | ALT, not the car accident). It's got nothing to do with protein
         | shakes, it happens when you start working out after a long
         | break.
         | 
         | I went for my regular checkups and my AST ALT levels were
         | through the roof (3-4 times the max value). The doctor ordered
         | a few more tests, an ultrasound etc.
         | 
         | I was very shocked, because my levels were perfectly normal a
         | year before that, and I had not had any major lifestyle change.
         | I went on an extensive search and finally concluded something
         | similar--when you start working out after a long break, the
         | breakdown in your skeletal muscles causes ALT ALT to be
         | released into the blood, and it remains there for 1-2 weeks. In
         | this process I also learned that the AST / ALT ratio is
         | diagnostic. Depending on the ratio, it could be cirrhosis, or
         | acute hepatitis, or fatty liver etc. My ratios were consistent
         | with the working out after a long gap scenario, further
         | increasing my confidence.
         | 
         | Note that this does not happen once you work out regularly, it
         | only happens when you start working out after a long gap.
         | 
         | I told this to the doctor and linked him to the papers. He
         | didn't outright say No but his response made it look like he
         | didn't take my suggestion seriously. I guess he was bothered
         | that I was playing "Youtube doctor", but well.
         | 
         | I said I would like to confirm my theory by not working out for
         | 2 weeks and then re-doing the tests. He also added a few more
         | liver function tests to get more data. Everything turned out
         | perfectly normal.
        
         | hammyhavoc wrote:
         | Wishing you excellent health, happiness and peace.
        
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