[HN Gopher] Mandatory helmet laws make cyclists less safe
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       Mandatory helmet laws make cyclists less safe
        
       Author : substation13
       Score  : 267 points
       Date   : 2022-12-05 09:39 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bicycling.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bicycling.com)
        
       | taylodl wrote:
       | If you're cycling anywhere where you're depending on a painted
       | line to keep you safe from tons of metal that's traveling much
       | faster than you - then you'd better have a helmet on, at the
       | minimum! I'd argue the same for stand-on electric scooters as
       | well. Maybe what we need to normalize is always having a helmet
       | with you.
       | 
       | It's sad we have to have laws to mandate such things, but here we
       | are.
        
         | s0rce wrote:
         | Or maybe we mandate real infrastructure to keep you safe from
         | tons of metal traveling much faster than you?
        
           | taylodl wrote:
           | That's the proper solution, but we may have problems
           | implementing it in newer cities that were designed with cars
           | in mind and don't have much in the way of public
           | transportation outside of busses - in other words the U.S.
           | South and the U.S. Midwest.
        
       | seadan83 wrote:
       | Ah, another car vs bike culture war filled commentary section.
       | Sadly a place where HN is not even immune.
       | 
       | To sum up the article, the effect of lots of bicyclists leading
       | to careful driving is greater than the protective effect of
       | wearing a helmet while biking. Because helmet laws do cause a
       | drop in ridership, it's counterintuitively a net negative for
       | cyclist safety. That is the claim of the article.
       | 
       | To refute this, one must show that the "critical mass theory" is
       | not significant and that driver attentiveness to cyclists is not
       | a function of the number of cyclists.
       | 
       | The claim is _not_ refuted by giving studies showing that when
       | cyclists crash and hit their head, then helmets are (incredibly)
       | significant for reducing head injuries. Nor is the claim refuted
       | by saying cyclists should not be in the road, or saying (without
       | evidence) that there is no reduction in ridership from helmet
       | laws (the article cites examples demonstrating that reduction).
       | 
       | So again, the car centric here need to focus on whether the
       | critical mass effect is actually a real thing, or need to find
       | the evidence that ridership is not a function of helmet laws (the
       | data, generally and from this article, indicate that both are the
       | case).
        
         | AdrianB1 wrote:
         | > car centric here need to focus on whether the critical mass
         | effect is actually a real thing Anecdotal evidence: in my
         | country in the summer there are less accidents between cars and
         | motorcycles per miles ridden than in early spring or late
         | autumn. Why? Because in the summer car drivers expect some
         | motorcycles to be on the road and pay more attention, while
         | outside the season they are surprised to have motorcycles still
         | on the streets and cause accidents (80% of the car-bike
         | accidents are caused by car drivers).
        
         | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
         | The most frustrating thing about people focussing on cycle
         | helmets is that they have very little effect on cyclist safety.
         | PPE should be the last thing that people consider when looking
         | at road danger.
         | 
         | From https://road.cc/content/news/111258-chris-boardman-
         | helmets-n...
         | 
         | > Talking about helmets had become a time-consuming
         | distraction, he said. "We've got to tackle the helmet debate
         | head on because it's so annoying," he said. "It gets a
         | disproportionate amount of coverage. When you have three
         | minutes and someone asks 'Do you wear a helmet' you know the
         | vast majority of your time when you could be talking about
         | stuff that will make a difference, is gone."
         | 
         | > He said the focus on helmets had made cycling seem more
         | dangerous than it really is.
         | 
         | > "We've gone away from the facts," he said. "We've gone to
         | anecdotes. It's like shark attacks - more people are killed
         | building sandcastles than are killed by sharks. It's just
         | ludicrous that the facts aren't matching up with the actions
         | because the press focus, naturally, on the news stories, and
         | [the notion that cycling is dangerous] becomes the norm, and it
         | isn't the norm.
        
       | thinkmcfly wrote:
        
         | Aldipower wrote:
         | As someone who's friend got blood clots from the vaccine, I
         | find your comment very cynic.
        
           | thinkmcfly wrote:
           | As someone who survived a nearly lethal bike accident because
           | I tore my helmet off right before impact, I can really
           | sympathize with you about that
        
       | cgrealy wrote:
       | Even if we are to take the propositions in the article at face
       | value (some of those studies are dubious), it still leaves you
       | with a simple equation.
       | 
       | MHLs make it more likely that you will be involved in an
       | accident, but also more likely that you will survive said
       | accident.
       | 
       | It's a trade off between risk and consequences. If I'm given the
       | choice of getting slapped in the face on a coin toss or playing
       | Russian roulette, I'm going to choose a 50% chance of a slap vs a
       | 16% chance of death.
       | 
       | And honestly, the whole argument that less people will cycle if
       | they have to wear a helmet is colossally dumb. Only an idiot
       | would drive without a seat belt these days, but they also faced
       | resistance when they were first enforced. People just get used
       | it.
       | 
       | Also, NZ has MHLs and cycling is going up.
        
       | elenaferrantes wrote:
       | Next : mandatory helmet for pedestrians. You never know, it could
       | save your life. It's not the end of the world to wear one.
        
         | Animatronio wrote:
         | Better yet - stay at home. Don't leave unless really necessary.
         | Have everything delivered, preferably by autonomous electric
         | drones. WFH. Exercise indoors. Have a super-insulated home, but
         | don't naturally ventilate it.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | oblio wrote:
           | You two comments (the one I'm replying to and the previous
           | one) fell of the slippery hope, near the deep end.
        
       | deafpolygon wrote:
       | I find this article riddled with circular and poor logic.
       | 
       | Mandatory helmet laws do not prevent people from riding bikes.
       | Just like mandatory seat belt laws did not prevent anyone from
       | driving cars!
       | 
       | "Lastly, we know these "quality of life" laws are
       | disproportionately enforced in communities of color and in lower
       | income communities." - what the hell?! Yes, helmet and safety
       | laws are the reason why police officers disproportionately
       | enforce various laws against communities of color. /s Let's blame
       | this and not deal with the real problem: reform of police
       | enforcement.
       | 
       | To deal with bike safety, we need to make everyone wear bike
       | helmets until we reach critical mass in cycling adoption. /Some/
       | protection is better than nothing at all.
       | 
       | In the meantime, we need to implement better traffic calming and
       | separation of automobile and cycling/pedestrian traffic. Kids die
       | every year because in many areas, they have no choice but to bike
       | on the side of a road that has cars whizzing past 60+ mph with
       | less than 12 inches of separation in between.
        
         | banannaise wrote:
         | > Mandatory helmet laws do not prevent people from riding
         | bikes.
         | 
         | Non-recreational biking (e.g. using a bike to get around) with
         | a helmet is a _giant pain in the ass_. I have to find a place
         | to store my helmet securely or carry it around all day. It
         | messes up my hair, so I have to perform extra effort to be
         | presentable at my destination.
         | 
         | Within my city, I travel by bike a decent percentage of the
         | time; with a helmet law, I would basically never do so.
        
         | afiori wrote:
         | > "Lastly, we know these "quality of life" laws are
         | disproportionately enforced in communities of color and in
         | lower income communities." - what the hell?! Yes, helmet and
         | safety laws are the reason why police officers
         | disproportionately enforce various laws against communities of
         | color. /s Let's blame this and not deal with the real problem:
         | reform of police enforcement.
         | 
         | This is the same argument as "Guns don't kill people; people
         | kill people" and it is the same level of technically-true-but-
         | if-you-need-to-say-it-you-are-probably-wrong-in-practice"
        
         | mc32 wrote:
         | When you have a weak argument, you throw whatever you can to
         | try to immunize it against attack[1], including things that are
         | at most peripheral to the issue, like race, which is not an
         | issue in many countries on earth (Thailand, China, Korea,
         | Japan, most African countries, middle east, most parts of
         | Europe, etc.
         | 
         | [1]It the modern "think of the children", but instead, "think
         | of the minorities" but worse because there are adult voices in
         | minorities who can speak for themselves and most also want
         | safety. That said in many places there are racist policies
         | against one group or another, but I don't think the above is
         | that.
        
         | rhinoceraptor wrote:
         | A seat belt is much less of an imposition on comfort and
         | convenience than a helmet is. And there isn't really a more
         | convenient alternative to driving a car, so of course mandating
         | seat belts doesn't reduce car use.
         | 
         | Statistically, you are much more likely to die or be injured in
         | a car crash than on a bike, so surely we should mandate helmet
         | use in cars, right?
        
           | jbandela1 wrote:
           | > Statistically, you are much more likely to die or be
           | injured in a car crash than on a bike, so surely we should
           | mandate helmet use in cars, right?
           | 
           | That is very faulty logic.
           | 
           | In a modern car with a person seat belted in, there is very
           | little for a person to strike their head against (which is
           | what a helmet protects against). The airbags are there to
           | protect you from striking your head against the steering
           | column or the side of the passenger compartment.
           | 
           | On a bike, there is nothing protecting you from striking your
           | head against something.
           | 
           | When I was doing neurosurgery, I saw lots of head trauma. The
           | head trauma for bad car accidents was more diffuse axonal
           | injury caused by rotational or deceleration forces that a
           | helmet would not protect you against (your head isn't
           | slamming into anything). Whereas with bicycle accidents it
           | was more impact trauma and skull fractures and resulting
           | brain injury (which a helmet would have protected you
           | against).
           | 
           | Source: Neurosurgery resident at a Level 1 trauma center.
        
             | ActorNightly wrote:
             | Yet, every any time you are driving a car around at track,
             | during an HPDE event or Track day, you are required to wear
             | a helmet, and those events are MUCH safer than the streets.
             | 
             | Arguing on this line is pointless. You can use this line to
             | justify any number of mandatory safer features. The goal
             | should be to drive an adoption of clean, non congestive,
             | personal transportation, and the primary drivers for this
             | is cost and convenience. Mandatory laws requiring stuff is
             | counter to this.
        
           | pfdietz wrote:
           | If the article was "Mandatory Helmet Laws Make Cyclists Less
           | Comfortable", you'd have a point there in that first part.
        
             | rhinoceraptor wrote:
             | The point of the article is not that helmets are unsafe, no
             | one would argue that wearing one is less safe than not.
             | 
             | The simple fact is, in every place where cycling is
             | normalized and not a deviant behavior for weird lycra-
             | wearing dentists or people with DUIs, almost no one wears a
             | helmet.
             | 
             | Mandating helmets is a failed policy if the goal is to
             | reduce reliance on cars, and to make cities safer for
             | everyone.
        
               | jjk166 wrote:
               | > Mandating helmets is a failed policy if the goal is to
               | reduce reliance on cars, and to make cities safer for
               | everyone.
               | 
               | That's not the goal. The goal is to reduce head injuries.
               | Mandatory helmet laws are effective at achieving that
               | goal. If part of that reduction is simply discouraging
               | people who would not ride a bike safely from riding a
               | bike, that's not necessarily out of line with the goal.
        
               | sagarm wrote:
               | Great, let's ban the cars doing the running over. Head
               | injuries solved.
        
               | tejohnso wrote:
               | Yeah, but in the car-centric mentality I think an overall
               | reduction in cyclists on the road is a great secondary
               | advantage.
        
               | michaelt wrote:
               | You think the goal is to reduce cycling head injuries by
               | 40% by reducing cycling by 40%?
        
               | jjk166 wrote:
               | Well it's a lot more like a 19% reduction in head
               | injuries for a 4% reduction in cycling, but yes, I'm
               | quite confident that the various governments that have
               | enacted such laws and the constituencies they represent
               | generally would agree that it's better to not bike at all
               | than to risk serious head injury.
        
               | michaelt wrote:
               | [1] reports on Australian introduction of mandatory cycle
               | helmet laws, and says:
               | 
               | "Pre-law surveys counted 6072 child cyclists in NSW, 3121
               | cyclists (all ages) in Victoria; and over 200 000 cyclist
               | movements on two key routes in Western Australia.
               | Equivalent counts a year after enforced helmet laws
               | showed declines of 36% (NSW), 36% (Victoria) and 20%
               | (Western Australia). Sunday recreational cycling in
               | Western Australia (24 932 cyclists pre-law) dropped by
               | 38%. Increases in numbers wearing helmets, 1019 (NSW) and
               | 297 (Victoria) were substantially less than declines in
               | numbers counted (2215 and 1110)."
               | 
               | In other words, Victoria started with 3121 cyclists,
               | gained 297 helmets and lost 1110 cyclists.
               | 
               | Are you sure you didn't misread that 4% figure from a
               | source that actually said 40%?
               | 
               | Needless to say, a 20% reduction in head injuries from a
               | 40% reduction in cycling doesn't seem like a very good
               | deal to me.
               | 
               | [1] https://injuryprevention.bmj.com/content/9/4/380
        
               | jjk166 wrote:
               | https://freakonomics.com/2010/01/do-bike-helmet-laws-
               | discour...
               | 
               | Nope, 4%
        
               | californical wrote:
               | > Mandatory helmet laws are effective at achieving that
               | goal
               | 
               | ...in the short term.
               | 
               | In the long term, if they prevent cycling from ever
               | becoming a viable alternative to driving, then they're
               | still worse.
               | 
               | If someone is interested in trying a bike from one of
               | those sharing locations, but they don't have a helmet,
               | they won't try the bike in the first place. Especially if
               | a city law makes a bike-sharing app "validate" that
               | you're wearing a helmet, to enforce the law, before
               | giving you a bike.
               | 
               | Fewer people try the idea of riding a bike around their
               | town, so there's more pushback against improved cycling
               | infrastructure because "it would never benefit me", so
               | there's less infrastructure investment.
               | 
               | Continued ad nausium, cycling is less safe due to the
               | limited number of people who are willing to advocate for
               | safer infrastructure in the first place, which makes a
               | _much_ larger difference to safety than helmets.
               | 
               | That's the idea.
        
               | jjk166 wrote:
               | Mandatory helmet laws are not the thing preventing
               | cycling from becoming a viable alternative to cars.
               | Plenty of places without mandatory helmet laws still are
               | dominated by cars, and mandatory helmet laws reduce
               | cycling participation by small percentages - most
               | cyclists wear helmets without being required to, and it's
               | not a particularly heavy burden. I know if given the
               | choice between a car payment and wearing a helmet what I
               | would prefer.
               | 
               | There's resistance to improved cycling infrastructure
               | because there's resistance to improving any
               | infrastructure, no matter how critical, and the
               | overwhelming majority of people don't see a massive
               | rework of the entire transportation system to shift away
               | from cars as a realistic possibility even in the moderate
               | to long term.
        
               | danhor wrote:
               | But of the places known to have a large share of cycling,
               | none have mandatory helmet laws (at least as far as I
               | know). Thus, it may not be sufficient but it seems
               | necessary.
               | 
               | If most cyclists wear helmets, why do you need to mandate
               | it?
        
         | Steltek wrote:
         | > Mandatory helmet laws do not prevent people from riding
         | bikes. Just like mandatory seat belt laws did not prevent
         | anyone from driving cars!
         | 
         | I don't see how adding friction does not lead to a reduction in
         | cycling?
         | 
         | Unlike helmets, seat belts are one size fits all and they're
         | built into the car. I'm not putting on someone else's sweaty
         | and gross helmet.
         | 
         | But you've hit on the right issue: helmets would be far less
         | necessary if car drivers could stop hitting people. There
         | aren't a whole lot of people just falling over all alone in a
         | bike lane and outside Tour De France recaps, bike-on-bike
         | crashes are also uncommon and uneventful. Remove the 3 tons of
         | metal whizzing by and helmets would probably be reserved for
         | winter conditions, rain, or sport activities.
         | 
         | The solution isn't in changing biking. It's in changing
         | driving.
        
           | scifibestfi wrote:
           | You also have to carry it around, it increases the surface
           | area of your head, it's harder to do shoulder checks, they
           | are uncomfortable when it's hot out, and for some hair types
           | it messes up your hair for the day.
        
         | diarmuidc wrote:
         | That experiment has been tried and failed already in Australia.
        
           | killingtime74 wrote:
           | Stop spreading misinformation. It's literally the law to wear
           | a helmet in every state and territory. It's been the law for
           | almost 30 years. 1)
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle_helmets_in_Australia.
           | 2) https://roadsafety.transport.nsw.gov.au/stayingsafe/motorc
           | yc...
           | 
           | NSW police were chasing people down and fining them for not
           | wearing a helmet. My college room mate got done twice in a
           | month.
        
             | rhinoceraptor wrote:
             | The "failed" part of the experiment is that far fewer
             | people ride bicycles in Australia today than did before
             | helmet laws (edit, incorrect, it's per capita reduction,
             | not absolute) in absolute numbers, not even per capita,
             | adjusted for population growth.
             | 
             | The laws are successful in that they get people to wear
             | helmets, but they are an abject failure in terms of
             | participation in cycling.
        
               | taneq wrote:
               | Gonna need some evidence for that causal link you're
               | suggesting here. Counterpoint: Plenty of bike paths get
               | plenty of use. We didn't even have these bike paths when
               | the helmet laws came in.
        
               | rhinoceraptor wrote:
               | I misread the thing I was looking at, it is per-capita,
               | not absolute. Here is a graph of the number of people
               | cycling to work, the peak is the late 80s/early 90s
               | before the helmet laws:
               | 
               | https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Percent-cycling-to-
               | work-...
        
               | jjk166 wrote:
               | If people who weren't going to do something in a safe
               | matter stop doing something altogether, that's not a
               | failure of a safety law.
        
             | fud101 wrote:
             | it's law but a lot of us don't bother with wearing one, esp
             | to the local shops. i don't want to bother.
        
         | tester89 wrote:
         | > Mandatory helmet laws do not prevent people from riding
         | bikes. Just like mandatory seat belt laws did not prevent
         | anyone from driving cars!
         | 
         | > As far as killing bike share systems, look no further than
         | Seattle, Washington. After they implemented similar policies,
         | their bike share system floundered. The same has been seen in
         | cities across Australia.
        
           | smazga wrote:
           | Biking in Seattle is vehicular assisted suicide. The only
           | variable is how long it takes.
           | 
           | The hills don't help, either.
           | 
           | Helmets are way down the list of reasons not to bike there.
        
         | michaelt wrote:
         | _> Mandatory helmet laws do not prevent people from riding
         | bikes._
         | 
         | Mandatory helmet laws say to people "Look Out! Bicycles are
         | DANGEROUS! No matter how careful or experienced you are or
         | where you're cycling, you could get your head smashed like a
         | bowl of eggs at any time"
         | 
         | If that's not an anti-cycling message, what is?
        
         | cbsmith wrote:
         | > Mandatory helmet laws do not prevent people from riding
         | bikes. Just like mandatory seat belt laws did not prevent
         | anyone from driving cars!
         | 
         | That's a straw man. Nowhere in the article does it use the word
         | "prevent". What the article cites are studies indicating that
         | the behavioural effect of the laws was a reduction in bike
         | riding.
         | 
         | > "Lastly, we know these "quality of life" laws are
         | disproportionately enforced in communities of color and in
         | lower income communities." - what the hell?! Yes, helmet and
         | safety laws are the reason why police officers
         | disproportionately enforce various laws against communities of
         | color.
         | 
         | Again, that's a straw man argument. The laws aren't the reason
         | why police officers disproportionately enforce said laws
         | against communities of colour, but an observable _effect_ of
         | said laws is that they are disproportionately enforced on
         | communities of colour. Sure, you can work on police enforcement
         | reform, but until you get that problem fixed, the
         | disproportionate enforcement is an observable effect.
         | 
         | > To deal with bike safety, we need to make everyone wear bike
         | helmets until we reach critical mass in cycling adoption.
         | /Some/ protection is better than nothing at all.
         | 
         | That contains the kind of poor logic you're critical of.
         | There's a presumption that to reach critical mass in cycling
         | adoption we need to "make everyone wear bike helmets", despite
         | evidence cited in the article that the blunt instrument of
         | legal mandates appears to _reduce_ cycling adoption.
         | 
         | The article agrees with you (as does most everyone else) that
         | "some protection is better than nothing at all". It's not a
         | question of whether wearing a bicycle helmet is a good idea or
         | not. Just because something is a good idea doesn't mean that a
         | legal mandate for it is _also_ a good idea.
         | 
         | > In the meantime, we need to implement better traffic calming
         | and separation of automobile and cycling/pedestrian traffic.
         | Kids die every year because in many areas, they have no choice
         | but to bike on the side of a road that has cars whizzing past
         | 60+ mph with less than 12 inches of separation in between.
         | 
         | Again, the article agrees with you on this point: "Right now,
         | with nearly 40,000 people killed on American roads every year,
         | that means we need to keep our leaders' attention focused on
         | structural reforms like complete street redesigns, which are
         | proven to make our public spaces safe for everybody, whether
         | they are walking, biking, taking transit, and yes, driving
         | too."
        
         | dncornholio wrote:
         | You don't need helmets, you need better roads. It's that
         | simple.
         | 
         | Even with a helmet, biking in US looks fucking scary.
        
           | AlecSchueler wrote:
           | Totally this. The helmets sold at the bicycle store aren't
           | gonna help much if you get in an accident with a van.
           | Separate the roads for different uses. Cycling infrastructure
           | is solved in many places. The culture of blaming cyclists
           | needs to end
        
             | rdxm wrote:
             | Absolutely not true on the efficacy assertion. I've been
             | run over while out training on my bike, went through a
             | windshield head first. Without a helmet on my brain matter
             | would have been in the lap of the driver.
             | 
             | I've got hundreds of thousands of miles in my legs and I
             | won't get on a bike without a helmet on even going around
             | the block.
             | 
             | On the infrastructure yes, agree. I'd be happy with simple
             | stuff like ubiquitous bikes lanes and 10 foot wide
             | shoulders...
        
               | AlecSchueler wrote:
               | I'm very glad to hear you're still with us and the helmet
               | helped you.
               | 
               | Manufacturers however do warn that they aren't designed
               | to mitigate dangers it vehicular collisions, and studies
               | show that vehicle drivers are kinder to cyclists without
               | helmets. Sources here: https://www.forbes.com/sites/carlt
               | onreid/2020/07/10/bicycle-...
        
         | dehrmann wrote:
         | > disproportionately enforced in communities of color and in
         | lower income communities
         | 
         | Everything needs a DEI angle, these days.
        
         | thrwy_918 wrote:
         | >Mandatory helmet laws do not prevent people from riding bikes.
         | Just like mandatory seat belt laws did not prevent anyone from
         | driving cars!
         | 
         | This is an absurd comparison.
         | 
         | Mandatory helmet wearing makes bike-sharing programs almost
         | completely unworkable. In my city, I see more people riding
         | bikes from bike sharing programs than I do riding privately
         | owned bikes.
        
         | forgotusername6 wrote:
         | With regards to the 12 inches of space, the UK has recently
         | passed a law requiring a 5ft gap when passing a cyclist. As a
         | motorist it really does make me think about how I'm going to
         | pass safely and whether it is even possible to do.
        
           | tsukikage wrote:
           | What I'd really like to see is cyclists giving themselves
           | that much space. If I had a penny for every time someone's
           | squeezed through between my wing mirror and the kerb in
           | start/stop traffic with just an inch or two to spare...
           | 
           | As with many other things, the way forward here is to copy
           | the Scandinavian countries and separate cyclists from
           | motorists entirely. Sadly, though, there are too many groups
           | fighting this kind of change.
        
             | fluoridation wrote:
             | You do not have the same visibility of the lateral extent
             | of your car as a cyclist has of the lateral extent of their
             | bicycle. I've maneuvered at somewhat high speed through
             | gaps that were only like 5 cm wider than me on each side.
             | You can't do that on a car; you just don't have that kind
             | of line of sight.
        
               | tsukikage wrote:
               | I am very very aware that I lack the visibility a cyclist
               | has. This is precisely what makes having cyclists in my
               | blind spot utterly terrifying. It is even worse when I am
               | driving something larger than a car, and when the traffic
               | is slow-moving rather than entirely stationary.
        
             | Xylakant wrote:
             | > What I'd really like to see is cyclists giving themselves
             | that much space.
             | 
             | If I had a penny for every time someone's squeezed through
             | between my wing mirror and the kerb in start/stop traffic
             | with just an inch or two to spare...
             | 
             | This really gets pulled out every single time someone
             | points out the proper distance required for passing a
             | cyclist and it's wrong.
             | 
             | First, passing a cyclist with a car and passing a car with
             | a cycle are asymmetric things. The cyclist needs space to
             | actually go a straight line, the path of a bicycle is never
             | straight - and it sways more at slower speeds.
             | 
             | The cyclist also needs space in both directions to make a
             | turn, for example to avoid an obstacle. If you take that
             | space to one side, they cannot even safely turn the other
             | direction.
             | 
             | Cars have a significantly higher draft than cyclists.
             | They're bigger, heavier and scarier. If the cyclist
             | twitches as you pass them, you were too close.
             | 
             | Cars just don't fall over. Cyclists do. Slippery patch on
             | the road, whatever. And when they fall, they need space.
             | 
             | The car driver passing the cyclist has no idea how skilled
             | the cyclist is. And unskilled cyclists need more space to
             | maneuver - or make mistakes when scared and fall. See
             | above. The cyclist passing the car knows their skill. And
             | even unskilled cars do not randomly fall over.
             | 
             | The danger is asymmetric. A car even slightly touching a
             | cyclist is likely to end up with a major injury or death. A
             | cyclist slightly touching a car is a dent and a scratch.
             | 
             | This is why in many places, there's a mandatory minimum
             | distance when for a car passing a cyclist, but none for
             | cyclist passing a car.
        
               | denton-scratch wrote:
               | > The car driver passing the cyclist has no idea how
               | skilled the cyclist is.
               | 
               | If the cyclist changes bikes, then even the cyclist
               | doesn't know. And cyclists change bikes quite a lot,
               | because cycle thieves. You have to get used to a new
               | bike; each machine has different steering geometry and
               | balance.
        
               | tsukikage wrote:
               | I'm absolutely not denying the cyclist needs space and
               | motorists have to give them space. I completely agree
               | with this. I completely agree that the danger is
               | asymmetric.
               | 
               | I'm saying the cyclist still needs that space even when
               | they are moving faster than the cars around them, because
               | they are still in danger even when they are the fastest
               | moving thing in the vicinity.
               | 
               | Cars have blind spots, and cyclists that overtake with
               | insufficient clearance fit precisely into them. Cyclists
               | can still wobble, fall or slip even when they are the
               | ones doing the overtaking, and they still get hurt.
               | Danger is present even when the motorised vehicle is only
               | moving at low speed, because parts of the cyclist and/or
               | bike can still get snagged on parts of the motor vehicle
               | if the cyclist wobbles or falls into it.
               | 
               | I firmly believe insufficient clearance between cyclists
               | and cars is a situation that we can and should avoid with
               | sensible design of cycle paths, roads and junctions. In
               | the sad absence of such, enough clearance has to be
               | maintained to avoid collision if either party stops
               | suddenly or the cyclist wobbles or falls.
               | 
               | In slow or start/stop traffic, the car is generally
               | trapped between other cars and has nowhere to move to;
               | the cyclist is the only party with any control over the
               | situation.
        
               | microtherion wrote:
               | I don't think the argument was that the cyclist passing
               | close would endanger the car, it's that cyclist seem to
               | sometimes have a disturbing disregard for their OWN
               | safety when it comes to the choices THEY make.
               | 
               | Squeezing by cars in start/stop traffic is one of the
               | more debatable ones. There's also rampant red light
               | running. Driving without lights at night, wearing dark
               | clothes, is the one where I see absolutely no upside for
               | their behavior.
        
               | Xylakant wrote:
               | I agree, some Cyclist do seem to have little regard for
               | their own safety - but it's their own safety. A car
               | making a close pass endangers someone else's safety.
        
               | LanceH wrote:
               | As a cyclist and a driver, I've never had a cyclist throw
               | something at my car just for _existing_. My brother has
               | been shot at with a pellet gun. I 've had cars swerve at
               | me to run me off the road.
               | 
               | There are a lot of psychos out there with a straight up
               | violent hatred for cyclists and a way too many people
               | justifying it because a cyclist was a danger to
               | themselves at some point.
        
               | microtherion wrote:
               | Last week, while driving my car, I had a car behind me
               | flash his headlights and honking at me because I decided
               | not to pass a cyclist in front of me in an area I
               | assessed as too narrow to pass safely. So sometimes even
               | automobilists experience psycho attitudes towards
               | cyclists by proxy.
        
               | denton-scratch wrote:
               | > Squeezing by cars in start/stop traffic is one of the
               | more debatable ones.
               | 
               | Where I live, this is called "filtering", and it's
               | encouraged by both cycling organisations and motoring
               | organisations. If the ICE traffic has stopped, then the
               | worst that can happen is that you misadjust some
               | motorist's wing mirror, and they have to wind their
               | window down to fix it.
               | 
               | > Driving without lights at night, wearing dark clothes,
               | is the one where I see absolutely no upside for their
               | behavior.
               | 
               | Agreed! If you dress up as a piece of tarmac and proceed
               | down a tarmac road made for cars, without lights, you
               | should expect cars to treat you like a piece of road,
               | because that's what you look like.
        
               | denton-scratch wrote:
               | > If the cyclist twitches as you pass them, you were too
               | close.
               | 
               | If I feel the breeze as you pass me, you were too close.
               | Actually I think that's quite a good metric, because it
               | ties together your speed and closeness.
        
             | stefan_ wrote:
             | I assume you also wonder why there is an area marked on the
             | train platform you should not stand in, yet people enter it
             | all the time when a train is stopped.
        
               | tsukikage wrote:
               | Thankfully, no-one's attempted to actually enter my car
               | in slow-moving traffic to date.
        
           | cassianoleal wrote:
           | That's the point though, isn't it? 12 inches is not safe for
           | the cyclist. 5ft is a little safer.
           | 
           | If you can't give the cyclist that much space, slow down and
           | wait until you do.
        
         | egormakarov wrote:
         | the comparison with car seat belts is not that good. you dont
         | need to schlep around your seat belt with you any time you
         | leave the car.
        
         | taeric wrote:
         | They don't just have arguments, they have data to back it?
         | 
         | Your post is compelling, in comparing it to seatbelt laws. That
         | said, you probably don't know those as well as you think you
         | do. For an easy example, public transit that is often targeting
         | lower income areas often does not require seat belts. Indeed,
         | I've never been in a bus that required them. Even car seat laws
         | often have carve outs for cabs.
         | 
         | Worse, though, your post is ultimately a false dichotomy. There
         | is no need to pick one. We should reform police to be less "us
         | versus them," we should make better traffic calming choices.
         | All the while we should encourage helmets. This article even
         | does that. The claim is not to make it criminal and not to
         | weaponize enforcement. Because they have strong evidence that
         | that doesn't work.
        
         | bambax wrote:
         | > _Mandatory helmet laws do not prevent people from riding
         | bikes. Just like mandatory seat belt laws did not prevent
         | anyone from driving cars!_
         | 
         | There's a big difference between a helmet and a seat belt; the
         | seat belt is part of the car; you have to carry the helmet,
         | have it with you at all times, before and after riding. The net
         | result is a drop in the number of riders, which has an impact
         | on overall safety.
         | 
         | I came to this article thinking it would be BS but it turns out
         | to be quite reasonable. Yes, helmets protect rider and all
         | riders should wear one; but making helmets mandatory have
         | unintended consequences which result, as a whole, in making
         | bikes less safe for everyone.
        
           | 5555624 wrote:
           | > you have to carry the helmet, have it with you at all
           | times, before and after riding.
           | 
           | You need it when you're on your bike, riding it. I commuted
           | by bicycle for 19 years and biked (or walked) almost
           | everywhere (Arlington, VA - Washington, DC). When I rode to
           | the store or to meet someone or to get something to eat, the
           | helmet usually stayed with the bike. I never thought someone
           | would steal just my helmet. I didn't bother to lock it up,
           | although you can get a wire to pass through the helmet and
           | lock it up with the bike.
        
             | bambax wrote:
             | It seems my post was unclear and sounds like I'm against
             | helmets. If so, sorry about that. It's quite the opposite.
             | I ride a bike every day and use a helmet at all times, and
             | would recommend everybody should do the same.
             | 
             | But I agree that making it mandatory will do more harm than
             | good, for the reasons stated in the article.
        
           | RhysU wrote:
           | These same arguments apply to motorcycles. I find them
           | ridiculous. But, it's your head man and as an adult you
           | should be able to go helmetless if you so choose.
        
             | malfist wrote:
             | Except if they wreck and are on medicare you and I are
             | footing that bill. Or if you bump them with a car and then
             | they die because they're not wearing a helmet it's going to
             | really fuck up your life too.
             | 
             | Or if they just don't have insurance, the hospital passes
             | on the cost to recoup their care in the form of high rates
             | for everyone.
             | 
             | You don't ride a bicycle in a vacuum.
        
               | Karsteski wrote:
               | Isn't that argument easily extendible to anything
               | optional that is also dangerous..? Also this is an
               | argument from a US perspective. As someone who lives in
               | Canada, where healthcare is in large part paid by taxes,
               | I have no interest in restricting what people do because
               | "it'll cost me more". Leads down a road I don't like
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | It's a very small step from there to saying that
               | activities like above treeline winter hiking, ice
               | climbing, motorcycle riding, playing football, etc.
               | should be prohibited (or at least require expensive
               | private insurance) because some number of people consider
               | them unreasonably dangerous.
        
               | jjk166 wrote:
               | You know that if something is paid by taxes, and you pay
               | taxes, you are footing the bill for it? Yes you aren't
               | going to get an itemized bill with a line item for Jim's
               | cracked skull, but that's still money that could have
               | gone to things like schools or infrastructure or cancer
               | treatments or what have you.
        
               | aikinai wrote:
               | Then why is anyone allowed to drink, smoke, or be fat?
               | Why draw the line at helmets at not even more expensive
               | choices?
        
               | jjk166 wrote:
               | We do put restrictions on drinking and smoking, such as
               | limiting consumption to certain times, places and age
               | groups, and many places have things like taxes on soda
               | and other such tactics to reduce obesity. We have even
               | heavier restrictions on other activities that don't pose
               | much threat to anyone but the person doing it, such as
               | hard drugs. We don't want to stop people from having fun,
               | we're all willing to bear some cost for our fellow man,
               | but minor inconveniences which lead to big cost savings
               | make sense. Helmets are incredibly beneficial and the
               | burden is pretty light - even when not required by law
               | most people voluntarily wear helmets. Mandatory helmet
               | laws allow cyclists to keep doing what they love while
               | dramatically reducing the number of severe injuries that
               | society at large needs to deal with, it's a happy medium.
        
               | Karsteski wrote:
               | This is basically what I mean. If we go down the road of
               | preventing people from doing things based on medical
               | expenses, where does it end
        
               | Karsteski wrote:
               | That is what I meant yes, I am okay with paying for
               | stupid things that people do, else we end up with an
               | insane system where are prevented from doing anything
               | even mildly dangerous or disrupted, as it'll cost the
               | taxpayers money.
               | 
               | I'm infinitely more concerned with the insane amount of
               | government waste that happens where that money could go
               | to schools or infrastructure or cancer treatments. I
               | imagine that government waste is orders of magnitude more
               | expensive than cyclists damaging themselves because they
               | weren't wearing helmets, for example.
        
             | WelcomeShorty wrote:
             | As long as you yourself pay for the potential "avoidable"
             | damage: sure!
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | peoplefromibiza wrote:
             | > But, it's your head man and as an adult you should be
             | able to go helmetless if you so choose
             | 
             | The reasoning behind wearing an helmet on motorbikes is two
             | fold:
             | 
             | - there are a lot more chances of being left disabled by
             | the accident than dying, which is something you might not
             | have thought about, but when you're disabled suddenly it's
             | not your head anymore, you depend on other people to take
             | care of your head and the rest of your body. There's a cost
             | involved in severe head traumas and the monetary one is by
             | far the less important.
             | 
             | - your head splattered on the asphalt is something other
             | people might not want to watch. Some people might be even
             | traumatized by that view. So please if you really want to
             | risk it, do it when you're alone, in the middle of nowhere.
             | Because you can still do it, you won't get arrested if you
             | do it, simply fined.
             | 
             | but the real reason why I do not understand this "easy
             | rider" alle cozze argument is: helmets are super cool! If
             | professional bikers wear it, then why not?
        
             | soco wrote:
             | In a world without health insurance, fine. Otherwise the
             | system will try to minimize the costs - by forcing the
             | people contribute at minimizing the risks. This is how it
             | works now (in Germany, maybe also other places?) if you
             | have a bike or ski accident without wearing a helmet, if it
             | was self caused you'll probably get reduced payments.
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | Where does it end?
               | 
               | Do you get reduced payments for orthopedic rehab if you
               | play sports and get injured?
               | 
               | Do you get reduced payments for diabetes treatments if
               | you're overweight?
        
               | pfarrell wrote:
               | It doesn't have to be a slippery slope. People who take
               | on more risk or have higher protection pay higher
               | premiums.
        
             | ferongr wrote:
             | Not in countries with socialized health care. I shouldn't
             | have to pay for other people's recklessness.
        
               | Karellen wrote:
               | As someone who lives in a country with socialised
               | healthcare, who has occasionally done lightly reckless
               | things in the past, I am happy to pay for other people's
               | recklessness.
               | 
               | Or, rather, I am happy that if you end up in hospital for
               | any reason at all, the only thing on everyone's mind is
               | treating you as best they can, and helping you to get
               | better. No matter how you ended up there, or whether it
               | was your fault or not, or how much money you have - if
               | you're hurt, people will take care of you.
               | 
               | It's what I'd want to happen to me, it's what I'd want to
               | happen to my family, it's what I'd want to happen to some
               | of my friends who have somewhat more reckless hobbies
               | than I do. And so I'm happy to have my tax money do the
               | same thing for complete strangers, because they're
               | somebody else's family or good friends. (And even if
               | they're not, being alone is not a reason to deny someone
               | healthcare.)
               | 
               | I trust people not to "take advantage" of this and be
               | stupidly reckless simply because the healthcare is there,
               | because... even with great healthcare that's available
               | for free at the point of use, serious injuries _suck_.
               | Having great healthcare doesn 't make pain less painful,
               | or physiotherapy to come back from injury less time-
               | consuming, or less of a crimp in your whole goddamn life.
        
               | soco wrote:
               | While I totally agree with you on the payments side, I
               | still like to see the message being sent out that
               | reckless _has_ consequences outside my own little head.
               | Even those family members can suffer from my reckless
               | behaviour. Right now, in case of a self caused accident
               | without precaution measures (like, no helmet) the
               | insurance will shorten the payments yes, but the system
               | also won 't let me default on the treatments - social
               | support will kick in. So I have both the support and the
               | threat and I think it works fine like that.
        
           | invalidname wrote:
           | So carry it or tie it to your bike. There are folding helmets
           | and pretty light helmets. I crashed recently. It made a
           | difference to my skull.
           | 
           | I had a motorcycle for well over a decade. We have helmet
           | laws here and I carried that heavier helmet or placed it on
           | my bike. It was fine. Part of the cost of having a bike.
        
             | yboris wrote:
             | "Carry it or tie it to your bike" ... wouldn't it be
             | possibly stolen if you left it on your bike that you
             | chained up on the street? And carrying it doesn't sound
             | comfortable at all -- where do you put it?
             | 
             | The amount of discomfort (psychological fear of theft or
             | physical nuisance of carrying it) is very likely going to
             | discourage its use. But then you're liable for a fine for
             | not having a helmet, so you choose to not ride the bike.
             | 
             | Just don't require helmets for bike riders over some age.
        
               | invalidname wrote:
               | I tie it to my bag. I've seen ones that fold to a size of
               | a banana. If someone breaks the chain then they take my
               | bike, the helmet is the least of my concerns.
               | 
               | The idea that use would be discouraged because of that is
               | ridiculous when you consider the alternative: cars or
               | public transport. Both are terrible options. Parking,
               | traffic, etc.
               | 
               | I'm 47 and had a crash recently. How does my age have to
               | do anything if someone suddenly jumps in my lane or a car
               | runs into me?
               | 
               | If anything my healthcare bill will be higher.
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | > If someone breaks the chain then they take my bike, the
               | helmet is the least of my concerns.
               | 
               | Why not? A good bike helmet is several hundred dollars.
               | That's not life-altering money of course, but it adds a
               | decent percentage to the cost of replacing the stolen
               | bike.
        
               | esteth wrote:
               | I think they're arguing that children should be made to
               | wear helmets because won't somebody think of the
               | children.
               | 
               | The same argument applies to children of course - where
               | do you put your helmet after you've cycled to school?
               | Attach it to the bike loosely and someone will steal it,
               | it's too big to carry in your rucksack all day, and you
               | don't want to have to go back and forth to your locker
               | potentially on the other side of school if you have one
               | at all.
        
               | invalidname wrote:
               | There are foldable helmets, even smaller than this one:
               | https://www.amazon.com/Bicycle-Foldable-Closca-Electric-
               | Pate...
               | 
               | Also if it's locked to the bike you would break the lock
               | and steal the bike. The helmet is the cheaper part.
               | Helmets are often designed so locks can go through them.
        
             | marssaxman wrote:
             | It's one thing to decide that a helmet is a good idea and
             | choose to wear one.
             | 
             | It's another thing to make a law forcing everyone to agree
             | with you, or else.
             | 
             | The paradoxical result shown in this article, which has
             | been seen repeatedly, is that forcing people to wear
             | helmets does more harm, by discouraging people from riding
             | bicycles, than the benefit it creates by pushing some small
             | number of the bicyclists who remain to take safety
             | precautions they would otherwise have neglected.
        
               | invalidname wrote:
               | This is a libertarian talking point. I strongly disagree
               | but I doubt I can change your mind here (or vice versa).
               | 
               | The reasons for requiring this for the "greater good"
               | are:
               | 
               | * Younger people are easily influenced and without such a
               | law wouldn't use a helmet, seatbelt, etc.
               | 
               | * Costs of healthcare after a bad crash can be serious.
               | Yes, my country like pretty much everyone outside the US,
               | has single payer. We would foot the bill, regardless.
               | 
               | * It's proven that regulation and legislation can help.
               | Regulation for seat-belts, airbags, crash testing, etc.
               | has saved many lives. IMO this is what government is
               | about, saving people. Sometimes from their stupidity and
               | ignorance.
        
               | ddeck wrote:
               | All of those arguments would also support mandating the
               | use of helmets for all passengers in a car.
               | 
               | So why not do that too?
        
               | maxsilver wrote:
               | > would also support mandating the use of helmets for all
               | passengers in a car.
               | 
               | We _do_ also do that too.
               | 
               | Every car is built with a fancy headrests and seatbelts
               | and airbags -- the entire car _is literally_ a helmet,
               | and we require this on every new vehicle sold for
               | decades. (And we require the seatbelt be worn too,
               | legally enforceable by law in most areas)
               | 
               | We even check every single car sold to make sure the
               | Helmet-worthiness of it is safe for the general public
               | (see https://www.nhtsa.gov/vehicle/2019/CHEVROLET/VOLT/5%
               | 252520HB... as an example of a vehicle results)
               | 
               | When an occupant of the car is small enough such that the
               | built-in helmet-worthiness of the car might be rendered
               | insufficient, we also require they get _extra_ helmet-
               | like protections wrapped around their head /neck/body -
               | see https://www.dmv.com/car-seats for specifics -- and
               | even _these_ are _also_ legally enforceable by law in
               | most areas
        
               | ddeck wrote:
               | I understand the point being made and certainly there are
               | very many safety devices mandated for cars, but the fact
               | remains, that the vast majority of cars do not have
               | airbags for rear seat passengers for example, and given
               | the volume of auto accidents, it would be hard to imagine
               | that mandating helmet usage would not significantly
               | reduce injuries and fatalities.
               | 
               | Of course all of this is simply to say, that there is a
               | line, where the marginal safety gain is outweighed by the
               | cost, both economic and otherwise. Different people and
               | organizations are going to have differing opinions on
               | where this line should be, but arguing purely on the side
               | of harm reduction misses a great deal. This is aside from
               | personal responsibility, liberty, etc.
        
               | musk_micropenis wrote:
        
               | invalidname wrote:
               | No they won't. You can argue they would do that for
               | walking around everywhere but there's a cost/benefit
               | ratio that's recommended by experts and backed by
               | statistics. You can take anything to an extreme and I
               | agree that some regulation does.
        
               | marssaxman wrote:
               | It's not a libertarian talking point; it is a summary of
               | the research presented in the article that we are
               | nominally discussing.
               | 
               | It may be proven that regulation _can_ help, in general,
               | but it has also been proven that _this specific type of
               | regulation_ does more harm than good.
        
               | invalidname wrote:
               | It shows correlation not causation and not "research".
               | There's no such proof.
               | 
               | The key sentence in the article is: " Financial struggle
               | for popular bike sharing systems"...
               | 
               | That's where the money is and that's who made up that
               | nonsense. Lots of people die because of those terrible
               | motorized bikes and scooters. They're trying to get
               | cyclists to fight their regulatory requirements by making
               | up fake science.
        
               | cbsmith wrote:
               | > That's where the money is and that's who made up that
               | nonsense. Lots of people die because of those terrible
               | motorized bikes and scooters. They're trying to get
               | cyclists to fight their regulatory requirements by making
               | up fake science.
               | 
               | I think it's entirely plausible that the article was
               | written by a PR company, and that is one possible reason
               | (though not the only) they were paid to do it.
               | 
               | I'll quibble with you on a few points though:
               | 
               | Much research only find correlation. Just because it's
               | not conclusive about causation doesn't mean it's not
               | research.
               | 
               | As much "those terrible motorized bikes and scooters"
               | might have lead to people dying (I've heard the anecdotal
               | horror stories, I've just not looked at the data, so I'm
               | ignorant to the overall effect), there have been plenty
               | of attempts (some successful) at non-motorized bike
               | sharing systems. One could reasonably imagine that when
               | those systems are successful, it is likely there's a net
               | increase in cycling within the community, thereby
               | increasing overall safety of cycling via the "safety In
               | Numbers" effect cited in the article, not to mention a
               | possible reduction in the amount of driving. It therefore
               | follows that one could make an argument that improving
               | the success rate of such systems helps improve bike
               | riding safety (though I'd like to see THAT data). It
               | might even be true (and again, I have not seen any data
               | on this) that for all the terrible deaths from motorized
               | bikes & scooters, that adoption of them still increases
               | the safety for cyclists, because if the alternative is
               | the same person being in a car/truck/SUV, then a cyclist
               | being hit by a motorized bike or scooter, even if they
               | get hit more often, might be far less dangerous.
               | 
               | I think we shouldn't presume any particular PR motive for
               | the article _necessarily_ means it is not in line with
               | the interests of cyclists. Ad hominems aren 't don't
               | really undermine the arguments presented in the article.
        
               | marssaxman wrote:
               | Good eye. I bet you're right about the PR origins of this
               | specific article, and I can see why that would make you
               | skeptical.
               | 
               | For me, however, this idea is old news. People have been
               | investigating this issue for years and the results seem
               | to be generally consistent. I have been reading reports
               | about the link between helmet laws, reduced cycling
               | rates, and reduced overall safety for at least five years
               | now.
               | 
               | I live in Seattle, where the surrounding county passed a
               | mandatory helmet law back in 1993. After decades of
               | experience, this law was seen to do more harm than good,
               | and the Board of Health decided earlier this year to
               | repeal it.
        
               | musk_micropenis wrote:
        
               | cbsmith wrote:
               | > Younger people are easily influenced and without such a
               | law wouldn't use a helmet, seatbelt, etc.
               | 
               | I did feel this aspect of the effect of regulation was
               | not well addressed in the article at least. I think
               | there's an implication that the effect of regulation has
               | been to reduce cycling, and therefore the effect on youth
               | has been more to discourage cycling altogether than to
               | encourage cycling with helmets, but I don't think that's
               | well established. IIRC, the positive effects of seat belt
               | laws are generally much more pronounced after a
               | generation or two.
               | 
               | > It's proven that regulation and legislation can help.
               | Regulation for seat-belts, airbags, crash testing, etc.
               | has saved many lives. IMO this is what government is
               | about, saving people. Sometimes from their stupidity and
               | ignorance.
               | 
               | There's also plenty of evidence of cases where regulation
               | and legislation has harmed, or had no effect. Arguments
               | that regulation & legislation intrinsically help or harm
               | are, at best, specious. Regulation & legislation are
               | tools that obviously _can_ be helpful; the debate should
               | always be about whether a particular regulatory
               | /legislative approach _is_ helpful.
        
             | bambax wrote:
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33865031
        
             | seadan83 wrote:
             | In cities with bike shares, a significant number of short
             | distance bike trips are on the bike share (like, 50% plus
             | range). Requiring a bike helmet eliminates those people
             | that are walking around and decide to use a bike share to
             | go 2 miles.
             | 
             | Tying a helmet to a bike can result in theft and weathering
             | (rain).
             | 
             | The article goes to describe that it is the secondary
             | effects that are important. Ie, it's better to have 100
             | cyclists on a road with 50% helmet usage, than it is to
             | have 3 with 100% usage.
             | 
             | I've seen campaigns and memorial stickers asking drivers to
             | watch for motorcycles. So it is not dissimilar for pedal
             | bikes, except the safety effect for driver awareness is
             | even more important for non-motorized bikes. Which is
             | essentially the non-intuitice conclusion of the article.
        
             | scott_w wrote:
             | > So carry it or tie it to your bike.
             | 
             | Or do what happened in Australia and just don't bother
             | riding a bike and drive your car instead.
             | 
             | I sound flippant but I'm just reflecting _what actually
             | happened_, which is where conversations need to be
             | grounded.
        
             | Fricken wrote:
             | I've had hundreds of crashes on a bike and hundreds of
             | others crashes and wipeouts doing other activities. A
             | helmet has never once come in handy. So I've come to
             | believe that knowing how to wipe out, as a reflexive skill,
             | is far more critical to safety than strapping some
             | styrofoam to your head.
             | 
             | Unfortunately you can't glance at a cyclist and decide
             | affirmatively that they're an idiot for riding without
             | wipeout skills.
        
               | vehemenz wrote:
               | This is as naive as drivers refusing to wear seatbelts.
               | In serious crashes, you cannot control your body in the
               | first place.
               | 
               | Of course, the helmet is only 10% of cycling safety. But
               | it's for that important 10% when your head crashes into
               | the ground. Suggesting that it would never come in handy
               | is naive.
               | 
               | Since you seem to believe in the power of personal
               | anecdote, I am an experienced cyclist and have crashed
               | directly on to my head before. It was just once, but it
               | prevented a serious head injury.
        
               | mdorazio wrote:
               | This is survivorship fallacy. You don't hear from the
               | thousands of people who weren't so lucky _because they're
               | dead_.
        
               | Fricken wrote:
               | I hear from 1000s of internet people who are totally
               | triggered by my occasional lack of a helmet. My ability
               | to avoid hitting my head using reflexive skill cultivated
               | over many years of practice never gets the credit it
               | deserves. It has come in handy on so many occasions.
               | 
               | Let me assure you, if you've decided cycling safety is a
               | binary contingent on whether or not you're wearing a
               | helmet, you're doing it wrong. It's no better than
               | superstition. There are so many other variables.
        
               | eCa wrote:
               | Safety in depth:
               | 
               | * Avoiding the crash in the first place
               | 
               | * Knowing how to fall if you crash
               | 
               | * Helmet, and potentially other protection, when unable
               | to execute crashing properly.
               | 
               | (Edit: Changed 'security' to 'safety')
        
               | denton-scratch wrote:
               | My wipeout: I heard a chink behind me, and thought I had
               | dropped my keys, so I looked over my shoulder. I lost
               | control, and my face hit the road. Not my head, my chin.
               | 
               | I got three stiches in my chin. I lost two teeth; one was
               | driven through my lip, and I had 13 stiches in that lip
               | (there are three layers in a lip: outer skin, muscle,
               | inner skin). I needed two root-canals. I fractured my
               | mandible, which is now joined to the maxilla on only one
               | side. I was concussed, and wound up sleeping about 15
               | hours a day for the next 3 months. I couldn't chew for
               | ages.
               | 
               | A motorbike helmet might have helped; but not a bicycle
               | helmet.
        
               | malfist wrote:
               | It only takes one crash where the helmet was needed for
               | you to never need one again...if you didn't wear one.
               | 
               | We went through this same nonsense with motorcycles. Stop
               | acting like it's the end of the world to put a piece of
               | foam and plastic on your head for a little bit.
        
               | quicklime wrote:
               | I'm surprised at all the comments comparing this to
               | motorcycle helmets. To me, the big difference with a
               | bicycle and a motorcycle is that I can run as fast or
               | faster than I ride by bicycle around my local
               | neighbourhood.
               | 
               | If someone asked me to wear a helmet while running, I
               | would find that ridiculous. Same thing when riding my
               | (non-road) bike.
        
               | luckylion wrote:
               | How often do you sprint over uneven terrain? Or do you
               | just ride your bike very slowly?
               | 
               | Bike speeds > 20km/h are normal and easily achievable for
               | the untrained on flat ground. Downhill, you'll quickly go
               | past 30km/h. This isn't something that you're doing while
               | running for longer periods of time while you're still
               | half-asleep.
               | 
               | Helmets annoy me too, but "the fastest runners can peak
               | at speeds higher than what I reach every other day on my
               | bike and they don't wear helmets" is a weird argument.
        
               | quicklime wrote:
               | I ride my bike slowly around my local neighbourhood,
               | often on shared paths with pedestrians. This is usually
               | under 20 km/h, probably under 15, or even less when it's
               | busy.
               | 
               | For rides where I go faster, I will take my road bike and
               | wear a helmet.
               | 
               | For rides where I go slower, I would prefer not to wear a
               | helmet, but mandatory helmet laws don't make that
               | distinction.
        
               | alwa wrote:
               | I agree- it does feel like "biking" encompasses an
               | awfully wide range of riskiness.
               | 
               | As you alluded, even between bike trips, I weigh the
               | risks differently when I think about a casual spin down a
               | protected lane or a recreational trail as compared to an
               | aggressive commute inches apart from vehicle traffic.
               | 
               | My local bike share program has started blurring things
               | even more for me lately as they introduce progressively
               | zippier e-bikes. Any more, it's trivial for me to move
               | with traffic on these huge heavy clunkers of bikes, while
               | to my impulses it still feels like the low-effort casual
               | kind of ride I'd instinctively rate as not warranting a
               | helmet.
               | 
               | Still, I'm glad to be judging for myself how to mitigate
               | the specific risks of a specific ride.
        
               | frob wrote:
               | You're very lucky. The worst wipeout I ever had was on
               | the side of a small town street. I was accelerating, the
               | chain popped of my gears, and I basically flipped the
               | bike over and ground to a stop on my helmet. My reactions
               | and training absolutely helped me; I knew how to roll
               | into it and how to not break my wrists. But without that
               | helmet, I would have ground a hole into my skull.
               | 
               | You don't need that helmet until you do.
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | uoaei wrote:
         | Latest on HN: someone with zero personal experience in the
         | matter bullshits as if they are an expert on the basis of
         | debate-bro style analysis involving only the structure of the
         | argument. It has been zero days since our last...
        
         | scott_w wrote:
         | > /Some/ protection is better than nothing at all.
         | 
         | As a regular bike rider of 20 years, a helmet has protected me
         | on exactly 2 occasions: once when I was training for racing and
         | once actually in a race. So technical/fast conditions that most
         | riders don't encounter.
         | 
         | The biggest danger to a leisure or commuter rider are car
         | drivers running them over. Helmets do nothing to stop a
         | multiple ton steel object hitting your body at 30+mph and don't
         | protect the parts that get hit.
         | 
         | > In the meantime, we need to implement better traffic calming
         | and separation of automobile and cycling/pedestrian traffic.
         | Kids die every year because in many areas, they have no choice
         | but to bike on the side of a road that has cars whizzing past
         | 60+ mph with less than 12 inches of separation in between.
         | 
         | 100% this is the answer. The only thing helmet laws and
         | discussions do is let people feel good about themselves while
         | doing literally nothing to prevent vulnerable users.
        
           | peoplefromibiza wrote:
           | > As a regular bike rider of 20 years, a helmet has protected
           | me on exactly 2 occasions: once when I was training for
           | racing and once actually in a race
           | 
           | That's their purpose, protect you when you need it, which is
           | on average a couple of times in a lifetime.
           | 
           | If the helmet had protected you hundreds of times, probably
           | you should have stopped riding a bike (or your friends and
           | family should have stopped you).
           | 
           | If you heard someone say "the seat belt saved my life at
           | least 30 times" would you or would you not think that that
           | person is dangerous and should not drive?
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | The new phrase is "acceptable losses". If some important social
       | goal can be accomplished at the cost of some lives, that's
       | acceptable. That reasoning has been applied to COVID.[1][2] A
       | China-style lockdown reduces deaths to a very low level, but the
       | impact on GDP is unacceptable to most of the rest of the world.
       | Here, it's being applied to bicyclists. Because more people of
       | color are cited for not wearing a helmet, it's more important to
       | eliminate that discrimination than to save a few lives.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7255398/
       | 
       | [2] https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2022/11/28/covid-
       | who-i...
        
         | zip1234 wrote:
         | These laws 1. make it harder for people to cycle and 2. give
         | motorists a scapegoat when they hit cyclists (a cyclist not
         | wearing their helmet as they were crushed by a 7000lb Hummer).
        
       | bowsamic wrote:
       | It's interesting to me how different countries approach helmets.
       | In Germany some people wear them, but many don't. In the
       | Netherlands wearing a helmet is practically unheard of.
        
         | golemiprague wrote:
        
         | b93rn wrote:
         | In the Netherlands you're either a tourist or 60 year or older
         | if you wear a helmet. But it is also not that fair to compare
         | the Netherlands to other countries. We grew up with bicycles
         | and our infrastructure is much better for cycling.
        
           | diarmuidc wrote:
           | I suspect people don't like comparing with the Netherlands
           | because it doesn't support their biases in this argument
        
             | smcl wrote:
             | It's more that the Netherlands is a substantial outlier in
             | terms of how they accommodate cyclists, so applying their
             | attitudes towards helmets _without_ also being as cyclist-
             | friendly (infrastructurally and socially) as they are is
             | asking for trouble.
        
           | bowsamic wrote:
           | Obviously infrastructure helps a lot, but there is still the
           | danger inherent in the fact that it's quite far from your
           | head to the ground. I don't wear a helmet though personally,
           | since the bike infrastructure is good in my city in Germany,
           | at least on the routes I take
        
         | cowmoo728 wrote:
         | Almost every racefiets rider wears one. Anyone going far or
         | fast typically does.
        
           | usrusr wrote:
           | Pretty much exactly the same as driving: those who put on
           | special clothes for their vehicle use activity routinely make
           | the helmet part of that special attire, those who operate
           | their vehicle in plain clothes don't.
        
         | konha wrote:
         | I wear a helmet every single time here in Germany and I don't
         | when I visit the Netherlands. Not that surprising when you
         | consider Dutch cities have (by German standards) excellent and
         | safe biking infrastructure and, even more important, huge
         | numbers of cyclists. You'll never be overlooked between cars
         | when you're part of a large group on the bike lane.
        
         | guntherhermann wrote:
         | if you're doing a standard 20kmh / 12mph which is a casual pace
         | to do on a flat elevation, have segregated, dedicated space to
         | cycle and have a culture where everyone cycles so everyone has
         | a "cycling mindset" then yes, you'll probably see different
         | outcomes than one with the opposite culture.
         | 
         | I cycle in the UK, i wear a helmet because our cycling infra is
         | not good, cyclists are not really protected by the police, and
         | it's common to complain about cyclists. The attitude here is
         | different. You're the enemy, a parasite, you're in the way of
         | my car!
        
       | robbrawkly wrote:
       | Mandatory motorcycling helmeting was enacted in Minnesota and
       | traffic deaths with motorcycles went way down.
       | 
       | I think it was people wanting organ donations that wanted helmets
       | to be not mandatory(and maybe some other unsavory people). I
       | guess it makes sense.
        
       | macrolime wrote:
       | Seems one of the big issues here is that almost nobody will use
       | bikesharing when needing to wear a helmet as people would rarely
       | have a helmet available when wanting to rent a bike. I wonder how
       | it would look if all rental bikes had a helmet included.
        
         | fluoridation wrote:
         | Helmets get pretty gross. I would not want to use someone
         | else's helmet.
        
       | billyt555 wrote:
       | According to the CDC, 30% of injury related deaths are TBI-
       | related, and 14% of those TBIs are from car accidents. Why not
       | have mandatory helmets for auto drivers too?
        
         | fnordpiglet wrote:
         | Because the car already has multiple redundant safety systems.
         | The bicycle has exactly zero.
        
           | billyt555 wrote:
           | Maybe so, but auto accidents still result in lots of head
           | injuries even with the existing safety systems.
        
             | ben7799 wrote:
             | You're right, if anyone was rational we'd all wear helmets
             | in the car all the time.
             | 
             | It's all irrationality and a belief that cars are much
             | safer than we pretend they are.
             | 
             | As someone who has worn a helmet in the car from time to
             | time, a lot of cars don't even leave enough headroom
             | available for someone 6' tall to wear the helmet without
             | their head hitting the ceiling.
        
             | fnordpiglet wrote:
             | Is that a reason to adopt no safety systems for a bicycle?
        
         | maerF0x0 wrote:
         | Not sure if you've ever worn a racing/motorcycle helmet but the
         | visibilty/mobility is not the same. People would shoulder check
         | even less than they do now.
        
           | billyt555 wrote:
           | I'm talking about a bicycle helmet.
        
             | maerF0x0 wrote:
             | I think that'd be pointless, right?
        
               | billyt555 wrote:
               | Not sure I follow you, are you suggesting bicyclists
               | should wear motorcycle helmets?
        
         | bitL wrote:
         | Why not mandate a HANS device for everyone? Basal skull
         | fracture is no joke and happens often with head-on
         | collisions...
        
           | billyt555 wrote:
           | Right - good point. And obviously my larger point is where do
           | you draw the line with mandates? The arguments here are
           | largely about preventing head injuries - so how far is too
           | far?
        
       | fastaguy88 wrote:
       | Of course, mandatory helmet laws do NOT make cyclists less safe.
       | They may make people who choose not to cycle because of the law
       | less safe. But there is no discussion of the balance of safety --
       | more for helmet wearers, perhaps less for people who choose not
       | to cycle.
        
         | kevincox wrote:
         | Not quite right.
         | 
         | They make those who still cycle less safe because less people
         | will cycle overall.
         | 
         | So basically a single person wearing a helmet is safer than not
         | wearing. But a person wearing a helmet is a crowd is less safe
         | than that person biking "alone" not wearing a helmet.
        
         | aeharding wrote:
         | It's a lot more productive to support a free helmet program in
         | your city, if you really want more people to wear helmets.
        
       | dncornholio wrote:
       | Helmet on a bicycle does do more harm then good.
       | 
       | If you're MTB or going fast, sure wear a helmet. If you just bike
       | to get to work or school and stay well below 25km/h, and have
       | good cycling infra, you don't a helmet.
       | 
       | It's like US don't want people to bike.
        
         | swader999 wrote:
         | I don't wear a helmet skiing but always when biking. It's too
         | easy to lose your front tire grip on gravel or wet pavement and
         | that often puts your face in direct contact with the earth. It
         | happens almost instantly.
        
       | bilsbie wrote:
       | Mods, I submitted this exact url 23 hours ago. Why didn't future
       | submissions go to mine?
        
       | konha wrote:
       | The effects of Safety In Numbers cannot be overstated. I'd go as
       | far and say it's even more important than cycling infrastructure
       | like physically separate bike lanes. You do not want to be the
       | only cyclist at a busy intersection between cars making a turn
       | crossing your lane.
       | 
       | Might be counterintuitive, but if a helmet mandate reduces the
       | number of riders even slightly it is a bad idea.
       | 
       | And of course: Wear a helmet. Especially if your city is still
       | designed for cars.
        
         | AlecSchueler wrote:
         | > You do not want to be the only cyclist at a busy intersection
         | between cars making a turn crossing your lane.
         | 
         | With well designed infrastructure this won't happen. Give
         | cyclists separate lights with priority. The situation you're
         | describing is extremely rare in somewhere like the Netherlands.
        
           | hombre_fatal wrote:
           | But that is just a trivially true point. Let's think of
           | things we can do until our city becomes interested in redoing
           | its streets in 100 years, if ever.
        
             | AlecSchueler wrote:
             | Why? Our cities aren't magical beasts whose whims we must
             | yield to. They're shaped by people. Demand better. Look at
             | the transformations taking place in Paris, how cities like
             | Utrecht have been saved from car-centric design and given
             | back to humans.
             | 
             | I just don't understand this defeatist attitude. Most
             | people on this site live in healthy democracies. Why do we
             | call for reforms in every political sphere but maintain an
             | adamant denial of our power over city planning?
        
               | ThatGeoGuy wrote:
               | Ironically, municipal politics probably serves the
               | largest impact and easiest entry point for leveraging
               | political will.
               | 
               | Not everything has to be harangued like many federal-
               | level politics are. You can just go to your city council
               | and demand better. The worst that can happen is they say
               | no - and you can just organize to vote them out with the
               | rest of your community.
        
       | giantg2 wrote:
       | It seems that most of the commentary here is about whether or not
       | there are more injuries with helmets. It seems largely moot since
       | this is basically a proxy for the conversation that we should
       | have - should there be helmet mandates?
        
       | cptskippy wrote:
       | I think the title should be changed to "Mandatory Helmet Laws
       | reduces Bike Share usage which results in fewer bikes on the
       | road".
        
       | Zigurd wrote:
       | The real lesson is that studies like this can't be boiled down to
       | clickbait.
       | 
       | Helmets make each individual cyclists isolated action safer. The
       | question then becomes whether cyclists ride more, in more
       | diverse, less protected settings, and are exposed to more risk
       | because of road design? Or do they take more risks intentionally?
       | And for what purpose? Both, or neither, can turn out to be true.
       | 
       | Making cycling safer can't be reduced to "don't bother with
       | helmets." Much less is it valid to say helmets are a "nanny
       | state" matter.
       | 
       | On top of which, none of this directly bears on whether, in
       | making lack of a helmet a premise for a traffic stop, we gave
       | cops another tool for harassing minorities. In some places, like
       | LA, the vast majority of cop "work" is cop-initiated traffic
       | stops, disproportionately of minorities, that does nothing to
       | enhance road safety and leave just a sliver of resources for
       | property crime and other things that matter much more to the
       | people of the community.
        
       | jjk166 wrote:
       | Mandatory helmet laws make the number of injuries associated with
       | biking go down. That is their purpose, and they are effective.
       | Yes, some of that is people who would rather not bike at all than
       | bike safely, and there are some non-linear effects from that, but
       | it's still a net reduction in injuries.
       | 
       | There is a real need for society to discuss whether the value of
       | reduced injuries outweighs the cost in terms of less cycling -
       | for example more car emmisions, more traffic congestion, less
       | easy cardio, etc. But to say people are less safe is just not
       | true for the common definition of safe.
        
         | seanmcdirmid wrote:
         | We could just do what the Netherlands does and make
         | streets/paths safe for biking rather than armoring up bikers to
         | deal with a more dangerous environment.
        
           | rhacker wrote:
           | so basically for most urban areas you're advocating a huge
           | usage of eminent domain, since doing such retrofits would
           | likely involve chopping off the livingrooms of many homes to
           | make space necessary for the change. so that we can have
           | bikes without helmets, destroy a million homes.
        
             | ActorNightly wrote:
             | No. Simply segmenting a lane for bike traffic is enough, or
             | turning certain streets into bike only streets during
             | certain hours.
        
             | Scarblac wrote:
             | No, because that wasn't necessary on the Netherlands
             | either, and are streets were never as wide as US streets.
             | 
             | Just make the streets smaller, with fewer, narrower lanes.
             | It slows down the cars and makes bicycles look better in
             | comparison too.
        
         | soperj wrote:
         | > Yes, some of that is people who would rather not bike at all
         | than bike safely, and there are some non-linear effects from
         | that, but it's still a net reduction in injuries.
         | 
         | Doubtful, since it raises the number of miles driven in cars,
         | which would increase the number of injuries there.
        
         | aceHN wrote:
         | Sure, and lets make the speed limit 5mph and avoid 1.3 million
         | vehicle deaths every year. It'll take people longer to get
         | places but we know what's best for them
        
           | zip1234 wrote:
           | You say this in jest but truly their should be speed
           | governors on every car. Would do WAY more for safety than any
           | mandatory helmet law for cyclists.
        
           | jjk166 wrote:
           | We did implement speed limits to reduce the probability of
           | car fatalities.
        
         | chitowneats wrote:
         | > but it's still a net reduction in injuries.
         | 
         | Citation needed. If they are now traveling via automobile, I
         | doubt there is a net reduction when taking into account:
         | vehicle injuries and fatalities, air pollution, and of course,
         | in the long term, anthropogenic climate change.
         | 
         | This is a classic example of a system with perverse incentives.
         | Everyone feels safer in their big SUV. In reality it's just an
         | arms race, and we're all losing.
        
           | cbsmith wrote:
           | > Everyone feels safer in their big SUV. In reality it's just
           | an arms race, and we're all losing.
           | 
           | I'm not sure, absent secondary effects, wearing a helmet
           | makes cycling more dangerous for other cyclists the way that
           | driving a big SUV, absent secondary effects makes it more
           | dangerous for other drivers. It's not like the extra mass
           | from helmets means you'll do more damage when you smash in to
           | other cyclists.
        
             | noirbot wrote:
             | Sure, but that's not the argument. It's that if you require
             | people to carry a helmet with them to use your for-hire
             | bike system, less people will use it, but they'll still
             | need to get places, so they're more likely to hire a car or
             | drive themselves.
             | 
             | The hypothesis is that requiring helmets may make
             | individual bikers safer in isolation, but if it causes less
             | people to bike and to drive instead, the increase in people
             | driving cars may make it less safe to ride a bike, even
             | adjusted for the fact that they're safer via the helmet.
             | 
             | I'd imagine this is especially true given that the helmet
             | mostly only helps prevent the more dramatic injuries to the
             | head. Getting hit by a car is still likely to seriously
             | injure you in plenty of places the helmet doesn't help
             | with.
        
               | cbsmith wrote:
               | > Sure, but that's not the argument.
               | 
               | Agreed. I just thought the metaphor was not helpful.
               | 
               | > The hypothesis is that requiring helmets may make
               | individual bikers safer in isolation
               | 
               | ...though there's a (somewhat) credible argument that
               | even this isn't true. There are arguments against this
               | too. Some argue automobiles see someone without a helmet
               | as more "at risk" and therefore are more mindful of them,
               | thereby net increasing their safety. Others argue that
               | mandates tend to discourage innovation in safety
               | equipment design, effectively encouraging the deployment
               | of limited safety equipment at the expense of more
               | effective alternatives.
               | 
               | > I'd imagine this is especially true given that the
               | helmet mostly only helps prevent the more dramatic
               | injuries to the head. Getting hit by a car is still
               | likely to seriously injure you in plenty of places the
               | helmet doesn't help with.
               | 
               | Which also brings up the ol' "is it better to be more
               | likely to live, but also more likely to have broken arms
               | and legs?" question.
        
           | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
           | > If they are now traveling via automobile, I doubt there is
           | a net reduction when taking into account: vehicle injuries
           | and fatalities, air pollution, and of course, in the long
           | term, anthropogenic climate change.
           | 
           | You're not thinking like a Zero-sum American.
           | 
           | If you accidentally hit & injure a pedestrian, cyclist, or
           | another driver in your Hummer - better them than you.
           | 
           | Best to stick to your Hummer and avoid the bike.
        
             | chitowneats wrote:
             | I absolutely love your comment. I wish I could upvote it
             | enough to counteract the downvotes. In lieu of that I'm
             | leaving this comment.
        
           | peoplefromibiza wrote:
           | > Citation needed. If they are now traveling via automobile
           | 
           | First, there's no need for any citation, helmets _do reduce
           | trauma from impact sensibly_
           | 
           | See:
           | 
           |  _" Helmets provide a 63 to 88% reduction in the risk of
           | head, brain and severe brain injury for all ages of
           | bicyclists"_
           | 
           | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7025438/
           | 
           | Secondly: if they are now traveling via automobile, the risk
           | of injuries is less than going by bike without an helmet.
           | 
           | If you believe that by driving cars the risk of brain trauma
           | goes up 63 to 80%, you should provide some evidence,
           | 
           | You're also blindly assuming that no bike means car, in my
           | opinion it would mirror the usage pattern of someone not keen
           | to use a car: public transportation, walking, other means of
           | transportation such as skateboard, scooters etc.
        
             | chitowneats wrote:
             | "First, there is no need for citation"
             | 
             | Then you proceed to cite a study. Thanks for doing that.
        
               | peoplefromibiza wrote:
               | > "First, there is no need for citation"
               | 
               | To prove that claim.
               | 
               | I'm no native english speaker, in my language we usually
               | understand things from the context
               | 
               | So if someone says "you should prove that" and someone
               | reply "there's no need to" we understand that is not
               | referred to _in general_
               | 
               | But I guess there are people in the World not equally
               | averagely smart, so sorry for not taking into account
               | that fact, next time I will ELI5 my thoughts just for
               | you.
               | 
               | Silly me for thinking that quoting the particular
               | paragraph I was replying to would help...
               | 
               | Silly me for thinking that citing a study that actually
               | proves why _there is no need for citations_ because it;s
               | common knowledge, would make things clearer.
               | 
               | My fault for thinking that the HN guidelines such as
               | 
               |  _Please respond to the strongest plausible
               | interpretation of what someone says, not a weaker one
               | that 's easier to criticize. Assume good faith._
               | 
               | could help the conversation.
               | 
               | Now we're stuck with people who did not understand the
               | context, jumped to conclusion and wasted everyone's time
               | with snarky comments.
               | 
               | It must be very hard to be you, I'm really sorry for you
               | guys, good luck!
               | 
               | Ma annate affanculo, cojoni.
        
             | 0x457 wrote:
             | > there's no need for any citation
             | 
             | > provides citation
             | 
             | Yeah, it's going great.
        
         | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
         | > Mandatory helmet laws make the number of injuries associated
         | with biking go down. That is their purpose, and they are
         | effective.
         | 
         | There's significant problems with most of the studies showing
         | the effectiveness of bike helmets (especially the Thompson and
         | Rivara study) and there's also the issue that they can
         | conceivably cause greater brain damage die to rotational forces
         | (by increasing the diameter of the head). Some issues are
         | discussed here https://crag.asn.au/5-ways-wearing-a-bicycle-
         | helmet-can-resu...
         | 
         | Also, there's the Dr Ian Walker study (although very small)
         | that shows a greater number of close passes from drivers when
         | the cyclist wears a helmet. Risk compensation may also be at
         | play, so that cyclists take more chances when wearing a helmet
         | (I recall a study showing that effect was particularly
         | pronounced in kids).
         | 
         | Unfortunately, most helmet studies use hospital admissions
         | which is going to bias the results unless hospital admissions
         | are a close match with the cyclist population.
         | 
         | It's of note that cycle helmets are safety tested by typically
         | a 2m drop onto a flat surface - this equates to providing a
         | level of protection at slow speeds up to approx 12mph, but they
         | are most certainly not tested to withstand the forces involved
         | when there's a RTC. The question then is why are they being
         | prescribed for situations far beyond their designs?
        
         | thomastjeffery wrote:
         | The point here is that the "mandatory helmet" part is less
         | significant than the "law enforcement" part.
         | 
         | People who would happily be riding with a helmet are
         | disincentivized to go riding at all, because they don't want to
         | be the subject of police patrol. That's the effect we clearly
         | don't want.
        
         | denton-scratch wrote:
         | > Mandatory helmet laws make the number of injuries associated
         | with biking go down.
         | 
         | You can also reduce the number of cycling injuries by banning
         | bicycles.
         | 
         | [Edit] /s
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | You can also reduce the number of cycling injuries by banning
           | cars
        
             | notch656a wrote:
             | Doubtful if "cars" means motor vehicles, as most of the US
             | has poor public transit thus cycling would be the closest
             | best substitute readily available. The number of cyclists
             | would explode.
             | 
             | There would likely also be lots of deaths due to weakness
             | in the supply chain.
        
               | 6LLvveMx2koXfwn wrote:
               | You seem to have missed the fact that cycling deaths NOT
               | involving cars are negligible. Remove cars, remove
               | deaths.
        
               | rhacker wrote:
               | I think he was saying that if suddenly cars were not
               | allowed, there would be a class of people unable to get
               | food or services and would die. Aka, you can't replace a
               | fedex truck delivering food to a handicapped person with
               | 500 fedex bikers delivering one box each. (and what about
               | couch deliveries).
        
               | jjk166 wrote:
               | About 30% of cycling deaths are not traffic related,
               | hardly negligible. If cars magically disappeared there
               | would be a lot more than 3 times the current number of
               | cyclists on the road.
        
               | seadan83 wrote:
               | Citation? If car traffic is pushing someone into the
               | shoulder, and they hit a grate, was that counted as car
               | related? If it is a hit and run (super common), and
               | someone comes up to a person that was left for dead, is
               | that counted? How exactly is that 30% computed?
        
               | wizzwizz4 wrote:
               | I'll cite it with anecdotal evidence: I've broken a
               | bicycle helmet twice, and neither time involved a car.
        
               | jjk166 wrote:
               | https://injuryfacts.nsc.org/home-and-community/safety-
               | topics...
               | 
               | It does not say what counts as non-traffic incidents
        
               | 6LLvveMx2koXfwn wrote:
               | Your reply made me check for the UK, so in 2016 we have
               | 
               | "For teenage and adult cyclists, accidents are more
               | likely to involve collisions with motor vehicles, but
               | about 16% of fatal or serious cyclist accidents reported
               | to the police do not involve a collision with another
               | vehicle, but are caused by the rider losing control of
               | their bicycle." [1]
               | 
               | Not quite 30% but much more than I expected and obviously
               | not negligible. Thanks for the rebuttal.
               | 
               | 1. https://www.rospa.com/rospaweb/docs/advice-
               | services/road-saf... (PDF)
        
               | b3morales wrote:
               | Agree but that said cyclists can still _injure_
               | themselves without help from cars. We 'd expect the
               | absolute number of cycling injuries to rise with the
               | number of cyclists. However, they will be much less
               | serious injuries.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | > The number of cyclists would explode. There would
               | likely also be lots of deaths due to weakness in the
               | supply chain.
               | 
               | In the short term, yes.
               | 
               | In the medium and long term, if you Americans would put
               | all that money you spend on cars & car infrastructure
               | into equivalent walking and cycling infrastructure and
               | public transport, you'd probably leave even the Dutch
               | behind...
        
           | seanw444 wrote:
           | It's frustrating that people think every problem needs to be
           | solved via legislation and enforcement. Not every problem
           | can, or needs to be.
        
             | nske wrote:
             | Can, needs or _should_ , I would add. My perspective
             | doesn't seem to be very popular, however I could never
             | understand how laws that are intended to protect us only
             | from ourselves are compatible with the philosophy of law
             | that we're supposingly embracing in the west.
             | 
             | The only rational argument for these laws would be the
             | burden on the national-health system for injuries sustained
             | on the head during riding a bike. This could be solved by
             | allowing people to opt-out of the free national health
             | system coverage explicitly in these instances of injuries,
             | if indeed statistics show that there is a significant
             | burden imposed on it. And still there is the counter-
             | argument that this would be biased -what about people who
             | are engaging into leisure activities with higher-risk,
             | "extreme-sports" and such. I wouldn't be surprised if even
             | the cost of treating normal sports-related injuries is
             | higher than the cost of head-related injuries of bikers
             | riding with no helmet. Why not enforce wearing full
             | protective gear when engaging in every sport?
             | 
             | If we start with this mentality, it's only a slippery slope
             | that would lead us in a place we don't want to be.
             | 
             | Same as with smoking taxes. It started with the
             | justification that it's fair to counteract the increased
             | cost that smokers have on the national health system. A
             | perfectly fair reasoning. But by now these taxes have
             | increased so much that this justification is no longer
             | convincing -instead they are widely accepted as a sort of
             | "luxury tax" that smokers pay, no longer to cover the cost
             | of the medical treatment they are more likely to receive on
             | average, but just "because that's how it is". This income
             | is not even earmarked for the health system in many cases.
             | They also started covering things that evidence don't
             | support they pose any or as much of a risk as cigarette
             | smoking (Vaping), and in some cases -Italy, IIRC-, even
             | with official lawmaker justification that these products
             | deprive the state from tax income that they would receive
             | through the smoking tax. A completely illogical argument
             | that I was surprised to see it made nobody blink twice.
             | 
             | So I think such laws are really a demonstration of
             | government acting as a for-profit entity, squeezing money
             | from whatever they think they can get away with.
        
               | denton-scratch wrote:
               | Oh, there are scores of risky activities that can result
               | in medical costs that some people (libertarians?) would
               | prefer that we didn't socialize.
               | 
               | Incorrect use of OTC drugs; crossing the road while
               | diddling a mobile phone; drinking alcohol; hell, pushing
               | your toddler on a swing in a playground. Perhaps
               | socialized medicine should refuse to treat people who
               | have declined vaccination, or declined a bowel cancer
               | screening. Maybe climbing a ladder should close you off
               | from socialized medical care. Perhaps you shut yourself
               | out if you ever hang out with sick people.
               | 
               | Obviously, I'm not serious.
               | 
               | For me, the big thing about socialized medicine is that
               | it's universal. It's a massive benefit to everyone, if
               | people with people with infectious diseases like TB,
               | diphtheria and cholera can get treatment for free,
               | without producing ID or proof of entitlement. And that's
               | true whether or not they have legal status, as immigrants
               | or whatever.
        
               | nske wrote:
               | I agree, I was trying to follow the only line of
               | reasoning I can think of that would rationalize the
               | existence of such laws in a way that doesn't break the
               | concept that we should be able to choose for ourselves
               | the amount of risk we want to be exposed in (which is
               | generally accepted in other cases of everyday life).
        
           | jjk166 wrote:
           | And I think most cyclists would prefer a mandatory helmet
           | requirement to a cycling ban
        
             | josefx wrote:
             | You might as well go all the way. Quite sure most of the
             | bikes where I live don't even qualify as road safe because
             | only road/city bikes are sold with the mandatory safety
             | equipment (lights, bell, reflectors, ...) out of the box
             | and the attachable variants of those are often not road
             | legal either.
             | 
             | So if you want to protect cyclists from themselves lock
             | them in a cell and throw away the key, it is the only way
             | to be sure.
        
               | jjk166 wrote:
               | So you're saying there is a mandatory safety law for
               | bikes on the books already and people haven't all stopped
               | biking?
        
               | josefx wrote:
               | An outstanding result, if your only goal is to get people
               | to ignore laws.
        
         | equalsione wrote:
         | This topic has come up several times now on HN and the
         | conversation is always very frustrating. The debate tends to
         | run towards "no one will tell me to wear a helmet". The same
         | studies are cited as supporting one side or the other when all
         | the studies are clearly insufficient.
         | 
         | It's good that HN doesn't take things are face value, and the
         | discussions here seek to understand unintended consequences.
         | But sometimes a cigar is just a cigar and anecdata does in fact
         | equal data.
         | 
         | Unfortunately cycling is dangerous because - in most countries
         | - cyclists share the road with cars and trucks. There's only
         | one winner in a cyclist vs car showdown. If you cycle somewhere
         | that doesn't have nice cycling infrastructure a helmet is a
         | great idea. A helmet will not automatically turn you into a
         | target for indifference or road rage from motorists - that's
         | the default posture of most motorists towards cyclists, helmet
         | or not.
        
           | emj wrote:
           | That's the rub cycling is not dangerous, but you are right
           | that 100% helmets usage will mean a slight decline in deaths
           | _as long as_ no one stops cycling.
        
         | NegativeLatency wrote:
         | > rather not bike at all than bike safely
         | 
         | There are many many thousands of Dutch who bike daily without a
         | helmet, so this is a false dichotomy.
         | 
         | I bike a lot as in for transportation and running errands, and
         | the speeds are generally quite low, and after many years I'm
         | good at not falling off my bike. The biggest thing that
         | concerns me is drivers and their associated cars. In many cases
         | a helmet will do nearly nothing when you get crushed by an
         | overpuffed SUV or truck.
         | 
         | > There is a real need for society to discuss whether the value
         | of reduced injuries outweighs the cost
         | 
         | You could make an equal argument about driving and car/vehicle
         | use. For example the city I live in has had more deaths by
         | vehicle than deaths by homicide this year.
        
           | giantg2 wrote:
           | Which city?
        
             | NegativeLatency wrote:
             | Portland, I cant find the slide with that stat that I saw
             | from a PBOT meeting, and it looks like the results are
             | contradictory to my statement for last year (2021)
             | 
             | 66 dead from traffic:
             | https://www.portland.gov/sites/default/files/2022/traffic-
             | cr...
             | 
             | 93 dead from homicide (breaking the previous record of 66
             | from ~30 years prior):
             | https://www.opb.org/article/2022/01/15/2021-was-a-record-
             | yea...
        
           | uoaei wrote:
           | > I'm good at not falling off my bike. The biggest thing that
           | concerns me is drivers...
           | 
           | I think this is a good way to frame it for those who ~~are
           | anxious about riding~~ don't regularly ride bikes. It's
           | really easy to ride _safely_ on your own once you learn the
           | intricacies of riding on two wheels. Bikes are hard to tip
           | over if you know what you 're doing. It's the introduction of
           | large machines with the means of generating immense amounts
           | of kinetic energy with very little human input that things
           | start getting complicated. In fact this applies for the
           | introduction of electric bikes and scooters, too. So many
           | times I have seen new riders on shiny new e-bikes
           | accidentally shock themselves four meters forward because
           | they aren't used to the throttle. Imagine if they're waiting
           | behind a cyclist, or at a stoplight, and they push either
           | themselves or a cyclist in front of them into the flow of
           | traffic.
           | 
           | I would be interested to see hard data but I suspect "one-
           | person" bike injuries are much less prevalent and dangerous
           | on average than those involving at least one cyclist and at
           | least one motor vehicle (including e-bikes).
        
             | vorpalhex wrote:
             | I was driving to work one day and there was a bicyclist far
             | ahead of me, alone.
             | 
             | I have no idea what happened but the gentleman flipped the
             | bike and took a tumble right over the handlebars. No
             | visible road debris, road wasn't wet, bicyclist wasn't
             | doing anything silly.
             | 
             | I stopped and luckily he was fine (he was wearing a helmet)
             | but seemingly for no reason, a bicyclist ate pavement.
        
             | wizofaus wrote:
             | "Less prevalent" seems unlikely, from the large number of
             | accidents I'm aware of among myself and peers, maybe 25%
             | have involved motor vehicles? Sure, they tend to be the
             | more serious ones, but certainly if you do any sort of
             | regular off-road recreational riding (esp. MTB) you're
             | almost certainly going to come off quite a few times with
             | no other vehicles involved. But I don't know how well my
             | own observations extrapolate to the population as a whole -
             | I suspect a large percentage of bicycle falls never get
             | reported/recorded anywhere anyway.
        
               | uoaei wrote:
               | Off-road MTB riding has no relevance here in the
               | discussion around riding bicycles on roads with motor
               | vehicles.
        
               | wizofaus wrote:
               | It's still completely relevant to MHL.
        
               | ben-schaaf wrote:
               | Helmets are required around construction sites for health
               | and safety. That's not an argument to require helmets for
               | pedestrians. Any particular activity can be particularly
               | dangerous, and you can mandate safety gear for that
               | activity, but that has absolutely no bearing on stuff
               | outside of that activity.
        
           | fnordpiglet wrote:
           | I've never been in a car accident that required a seat belt
           | either. We should remove them all by your logic.
           | 
           | Cars have tons of safety regulations built into them and seat
           | belt laws are pervasive. I don't expect them to relax over
           | time either, cars are much safer than they ever have been and
           | I expect their safety will continue to improve year over
           | year.
           | 
           | Can you say the same thing about the bicycle? What safety
           | features do they have? The helmet is the only one I can think
           | of.
        
           | lm28469 wrote:
           | > the speeds are generally quite low,
           | 
           | Your speed doesn't matter, it's the speed at which your head
           | hits the ground that matters and that can be quite high even
           | if you're standing still before falling
        
             | NegativeLatency wrote:
             | The speed you travel on your bike directly contributes to
             | the speed your head potentially hits something. Also the
             | slower you travel the more time you have to react to or
             | avoid or mitigate a crash.
             | 
             | We could require everyone to wear helmets all the time (for
             | their own safety since someone could just fall over or trip
             | at any time), but that's clearly not going to happen.
             | 
             | I think the more general point to consider here is that
             | helmet laws are a distraction from larger issues
             | surrounding traffic deaths and the way we design our cities
             | and transportation systems.
        
             | fnordpiglet wrote:
             | I'd note that being hit by a car doesn't crush you
             | typically, it merely transfers a lot of force and you hit
             | the ground very hard. One of my best friends in high school
             | was an unparalleled genius in everything he attempted -
             | piano, chess, sports, math, everything. But he was hit by a
             | car driving and hit his head on the curb. He has lived
             | there rest of his life in the care of his parents with the
             | mental capacity of a 5 year old.
        
           | Supermancho wrote:
           | > There are many many thousands of Dutch who bike daily
           | without a helmet, so this is a false dichotomy.
           | 
           | That is not a false dichotomy. The meaning of "safety" here
           | is referencing local standards that have been socially
           | defined. Specifically, this is about the US.
           | 
           | > The biggest thing that concerns me is drivers and their
           | associated cars. In many cases a helmet will do nearly
           | nothing when you get crushed by an overpuffed SUV or truck.
           | 
           | Or getting knocked to the ground, where you will not have the
           | angle or too much momentum to protect your head (even after
           | your wrist/arm snaps).
           | 
           | > There is a real need for society to discuss whether the
           | value of reduced injuries outweighs the cost
           | 
           | This is the value in helmets, which has been validated
           | immediately in every locale where it was enacted, to my own
           | chagrin. The article immediately tries to conflate reduced
           | usage with reduced injuries, as if more usage would reduce
           | injuries. I'm sure there's a small multivector "Safety In
           | Numbers" variable that has a reduced injury rate with an
           | increase in usages...if nothing else, from normalizing bikes
           | _in some areas_ , but it's small enough that the injury
           | numbers still go up from increased usage and no helmets.
        
             | seadan83 wrote:
             | The safety in numbers should not be resigned as a small
             | effect. When drivers see zero cyclists, they stop looking
             | for them.
             | 
             | There is a very notable difference in streets that get high
             | non motorized usage vs a lot. Compare a playground or park
             | with a lot of pedestrians compared to say a national
             | forest.
             | 
             | What's more, a helmet only helps if you hit your head. A
             | small fraction (afaik, less than 10%) of falls will have a
             | helmet helping you at all (but when it would, you tend to
             | really want the helmet)
        
             | ricardobeat wrote:
             | [citation needed]
        
           | jjk166 wrote:
           | Very few cyclists get crushed, the overwhelming majority of
           | people who die in cycling accidents suffer the head trauma
           | that helmets are specifically meant to prevent.
           | 
           | Plenty of people do bike daily without a helmet, likewise
           | plenty of people don't wear their seatbelts daily - and 99.9%
           | of the time they suffer no ill effect. The Netherlands is one
           | of the few countries where more people die per year cycling
           | than driving, and per capita they have a much higher cycling
           | fatality rate than neighboring countries. Well designed
           | infrastructure is a good thing, but accidents still happen.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | jeffbee wrote:
             | Head injuries are also the most common thing that kills
             | drivers. Your argument provides an equally strong case that
             | drivers should be required to wear helmets.
             | 
             | The hierarchy of helmet need is #1 motorcyclists, #2
             | drivers, #3 pedestrians-pedestrian head injuries are
             | incredibly common-, and #4 cyclists.
        
               | thomastjeffery wrote:
               | If you are basing on totally detached statistics, maybe..
               | 
               | But what's obviously missing is _context_. Safety is all
               | about context. Walking _shouldn 't_ require protection
               | _until_ excessive risk is added to it, like walking on
               | ice or across a busy intersection.
               | 
               | The moment that risk is added, it needs to be balanced
               | with safety. Helmets might be an effective safety
               | measure, but they are situationally inconvenient for
               | pedestrians; and rely on too much behavioral discipline.
        
               | alistairSH wrote:
               | _Walking shouldn 't require protection until excessive
               | risk is added to it, like walking ... across a busy
               | intersection._
               | 
               | It's next to impossible in the US to walk anywhere useful
               | (transport vs recreation) without crossing a busy
               | intersection.
        
               | thomastjeffery wrote:
               | Yes, I don't mean to say that's uncommon. My point is
               | that helmets aren't the method generally chosen to
               | mitigate _that_ risk.
        
               | chollida1 wrote:
               | > The hierarchy of helmet need is #1 motorcyclists, #2
               | drivers, #3 pedestrians-pedestrian head injuries are
               | incredibly common-, and #4 cyclists.
               | 
               | Interesting. I would have assumed cyclists are second
               | given how fast road bikes go and the fact that they
               | normally ride on major roads where cars speeds are well
               | above 60 km/hr.
               | 
               | How did you arrive at your ordering? Was it from an
               | unlinked source?
        
               | jeffbee wrote:
               | I'm just going from national injury stats you can find in
               | CDC WONDER and derived reports. Head injuries among
               | American cyclists are a non-issue, far behind practically
               | all other causes of head injuries, and using government
               | powers to force cyclists to wear helmets is a complete
               | waste of everyone's time.
               | 
               | My go-to reference for this is https://discovery.ucl.ac.u
               | k/id/eprint/10053381/1/Mindell_Cau... but if you want to
               | translate it from UK to USA you have to do it yourself.
        
               | chollida1 wrote:
               | I appreciate the link, but I can't tell if those number
               | are per capita or just raw numbers.
               | 
               | It would make sense that bike numbers are smaller if they
               | are just the raw numbers given that there are probably
               | 100x more cyclists and 1000x more pedestrians than
               | bikers.
               | 
               | If those numbers aren't adjusted for usage then it makes
               | bikes look even more dangerous when you adjust for how
               | often each form of travel is used.
               | 
               | As someone who commutes by bike, yikes!!
        
               | AdrianB1 wrote:
               | I am both a motorcycle rider and a bicycle rider for
               | decades. While I never-ever got on the motorcycle without
               | a helmet, half of my bicycle rides on the road are
               | without a helmet and the only reason I wear one ever is
               | because it has better venting than a regular cotton cap.
               | I always wear a helmet offroad on the bicycle.
               | 
               | The day the helmet will be mandatory on a bicycle I will
               | sell by bikes, it means cycling is too dangerous to be on
               | a street and the government is incapable of protecting
               | cyclists but by mandating helmets. It's like mandating
               | bulletproof vests in Philadelphia or Baltimore instead of
               | solving the gun violence problem in the cities.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | > Head injuries are also the most common thing that kills
               | drivers
               | 
               | I wonder what the correlation is with seatbelt usage.
               | 
               | My guess is that most people who die of head injuries due
               | so because they're not wearing a seatbelt, and the head
               | doesn't take kindly to being turned into the tip of a
               | meat missile.
        
               | NegativeLatency wrote:
               | The first couple of pages in this doc substantiate your
               | claim (for Portland) at least: https://www.portland.gov/s
               | ites/default/files/2022/traffic-cr...
        
               | jeffbee wrote:
               | Well, that is interesting, but head injuries are often
               | from just falling over from any height, not really from
               | being hit by cars. Most traumatic brain injuries in older
               | adults are from falling from standing height or less.
        
               | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
               | The classic argument is that people should be wearing
               | bike helmets when climbing ladders, using stairs and
               | having a shower (a lot of people slip in the shower).
               | However, when examined logically in terms of head
               | protection, people think that it's only appropriate for
               | cyclists.
        
             | Scarblac wrote:
             | Well, per capita is pretty meaningless, as the Dutch ride
             | so much more per person.
             | 
             | Anyway there should be more discussion about what _kind_ of
             | bicycle.
             | 
             | Racing bikes go fast, your feet are in toeclips, you're in
             | a bent down position - those things are dangerous. And
             | everybody in the Netherlands wears a helmet riding them.
             | 
             | E-bikes can go very fast, cars underestimate their speed,
             | people wear helmets.
             | 
             | But city or transport bikes, they go very slow (like
             | 15km/h), you sit upright and can easily evade trouble or
             | put a foot to the ground. Falls happen and old people break
             | legs or hips sometimes, but to hit the ground with your
             | head would be very very unusual. Those are the bikes we
             | don't use helmets on.
             | 
             | I think most riders in the US ride racing bikes.
        
               | avar wrote:
               | I ride a bike daily in Amsterdam, and almost everyone on
               | an E-Bike is cruising at 20-25 km/h.
               | 
               | It's common to see people up that to 32 km/h (20 mph),
               | which you can do by setting the limits to US ones instead
               | of EU ones, and trivial on some bikes.
               | 
               | None of these people are wearing helmets, or close enough
               | to nobody.
               | 
               | I only see people on E-Bikes that can legally reach
               | speeds of 40-50 km/h or so wear helmets.
               | 
               | Those look like bicycles, but are legally classified as
               | light motorcycles. They require license plates, helmets
               | etc.
               | 
               | I think mandatory helmet laws are dumb, but let's not
               | misrepresent Dutch cycling.
        
               | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
               | Toeclips? Which year is it over there?
               | 
               | The kids these days are using clipless pedals (stupid
               | name to distinguish them from toe-clips) which connect to
               | a cleat on the bottom of your cycling shoes. Once
               | practised, a twist of your ankle is all that's required
               | to get your foot free. When not practised, you see a
               | cyclist falling over slowly to the side when they forget
               | to unclip at a traffic light.
        
               | Scarblac wrote:
               | I never ride racing bikes, so forgive me. But it's still
               | always slightly harder to quickly put a foot on the
               | ground than without, I assume?
        
               | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
               | Yes it is. I've only come off a handful of times, but I
               | never noticed my feet being trapped - after a while it
               | becomes almost a subconscious action.
               | 
               | Toeclips are considered more dangerous as you often need
               | to loosen the straps first to free your foot. I know one
               | person that broke bones in his foot when riding up a curb
               | at the wrong angle (i.e. wheel slips) when using
               | toeclips. (I also hurt my wrist when using modified
               | toeclips on a unicycle and didn't get my foot free in
               | time).
               | 
               | They're still in use, but probably more likely on a fixie
               | than a road/racing bike.
        
         | renewiltord wrote:
         | Interestingly, mandatory helmet laws for car drivers and
         | passengers would get us more QALYs than MHLs for bikes. By our
         | reasoning chain of proximate injury reduction, we must
         | prescribe them.
        
         | nix0n wrote:
         | > Mandatory helmet laws make the number of injuries associated
         | with biking go down.
         | 
         | What are the effects on the number of fatalities associated
         | with biking?
         | 
         | It's well known (you didn't cite any studies, so I won't
         | either) that cars pass closer to helmeted cyclists than to
         | unhelmeted cyclists.
        
           | AlbertCory wrote:
           | Back when mandatory seatbelt laws were debated, people used
           | to concoct scenarios where a rider/driver is saved because
           | they're _not_ wearing a seatbelt (they were  "thrown clear").
           | 
           | This reminds me of that. Your "safety in numbers" and "cars
           | pass closer to helmeted cyclists" is a desperate attempt to
           | avoid a simple fact:
           | 
           |  _if a head hits the pavement without a helmet, it gets
           | injured._
           | 
           | Of course you can invent other scenarios, but only by
           | ignoring that one.
        
             | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
             | Although: https://crag.asn.au/5-ways-wearing-a-bicycle-
             | helmet-can-resu...
        
               | AlbertCory wrote:
               | "Risk compensation" is definitely a legit issue. I think
               | you're the first to bring it up.
        
               | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
               | It's not my first helmet debate rodeo
        
           | jjk166 wrote:
           | https://helmets.org/evalstudies.htm
           | 
           | There is an incredibly large number of studies that have all
           | shown massive reductions in the rates of head injuries and
           | deaths with the introduction and enforcement of mandatory
           | helmet laws.
           | 
           | Apparently whatever negative effect drivers passing closer to
           | helmeted cyclists has is insignificant against the massive
           | improvement of protecting an extremely important and
           | extremely vulnerable part of your body.
        
             | adql wrote:
             | Okay but we care for amount of helmeted individuals injury
             | rate vs ones without helmets.
             | 
             | Less incidents can be just less cyclists, or something
             | mildly related as "on average, helmets are colorful and
             | increase visibility vs average cyclist that before helmet
             | had nothing well visible on them"
        
             | adgjlsfhk1 wrote:
             | All of these studies are measuring incidents per year. They
             | miss the confounding effect that helmet laws can make
             | people bike less.
        
               | wizofaus wrote:
               | Which just by itself would help reduce the total number
               | of injuries, as the unfortunate reality is almost every
               | other form of transport is less likely to result in hits
               | to the head. So you then have to balance that against the
               | downsides of people choosing "safer" forms of transport,
               | which are not inconsiderable.
        
               | ricardobeat wrote:
               | Not true, if you look into the data there are more
               | _pedestrian_ head injuries than cyclists'. Or car
               | accidents.
        
               | wizofaus wrote:
               | It might be conceivable that more people hurt their heads
               | on a per-km basis walking than cycling, but I'd be
               | extremely surprised that for the same individual, walking
               | (or driving) a given distance would be more likely to
               | result in a serious head injury than cycling it.
        
               | RyanHamilton wrote:
               | If you are implying cars. What about deaths from
               | pollution? Reduced years of life from pollution? Reduced
               | years of life from being overweight due to lack of
               | exercise? Miserable years of life caught in traffic?
               | 
               | "Air pollution, which is primarily the result of burning
               | fossil fuels, takes 2.2 years of the global life
               | expectancy for each person".
               | https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-
               | pharmaceuticals/...
        
               | wizofaus wrote:
               | Absolutely, I certainly _don 't_ wish to see more people
               | driving cars! But for any individual, if safety is your
               | primary concern and you're deciding between a car and a
               | bicycle, you'd choose the former.
        
           | b3morales wrote:
           | I'm a little wary of relying on this, because it seems like
           | the kind of effect that would go away if no-helmet was more
           | normalized. In other words, if we have a (local) culture that
           | says "bicycling is sufficiently dangerous as to require a
           | helmet", then drivers (even the ones who don't themselves
           | cycle) are going to have that in their heads, and it's going
           | to influence their behavior: "if I accidentally strike this
           | person not wearing a helmet they're going to get _really_
           | hurt, I 'd better be extra careful". If the consensus is that
           | lacking a helmet is not particularly problematic, I suspect
           | we'll find drivers not acting specially too.
        
           | r00fus wrote:
           | > you didn't cite any studies, so I won't either
           | 
           | This doesn't make your response sound any better, just
           | bitter.
        
       | vxNsr wrote:
       | There is some serious reaching going on here, chicago has
       | mandatory helmet laws, most people don't wear helmets anyways its
       | one of those selective enforcement laws that will get you in
       | trouble you're already doing something the cops care about. Our
       | bike share program is fine and bike infra is increasing.
        
         | Xylakant wrote:
         | Selective enforcement is even worse. It leaves the decision to
         | the cops and who are they going to go after? The ones that are
         | weak and have little power to defend themselves.
        
           | vxNsr wrote:
           | All street violations are selectively enforced.
        
       | toss1 wrote:
       | This is nonsense, and sounds like the same kind of opposition to
       | motorcycle helmets, i.e., a series of platitudes and excuses that
       | are thinly or not-at-all supported by any actual data.
       | 
       | Basic protective gear has a high frequency of converting a life-
       | changing or life-ending event into a "drat, I scratched my
       | helmet/glasses/gear" event. When I was a teenager a guy in my
       | town was getting known as a motocross racer. Until one Friday he
       | was tuning his bike, went around the block to check something
       | about the tune, slid on a patch of sand, hit his head and died.
       | If he'd just spend 5sec to toss his helmet on, he'd have had to
       | get another one for that race. Instead, he is no more.
       | 
       | Their entire argument here is that 'fewer cyclists come out with
       | helmet _laws_ because it is mandatory '. Aside form no data, I'd
       | say that it is better that there are fewer cyclists but they have
       | their helmets on. Sure, there's less of a 'safety in numbers'
       | effect, but the effect of many more injuries in the
       | news/scuttlebut will also reduce numbers of cyclists.
        
       | fredley wrote:
       | Mandatory Helmet Laws may make cyclists less safe by macroscopic
       | effects but for the love of God wear a helmet. I would not have a
       | father right now if he had not been wearing a helmet when he hit
       | a pothole.
       | 
       | It's not just cars / other road users that are potentially
       | dangerous to cyclists, poor road surface or debris can just as
       | likely cause a life-changing injury, even if you're not
       | travelling at high speed. Wear a helmet.
        
         | jonstewart wrote:
         | This is kind of what the article says. It's not anti-helmet.
         | 
         | For cities, bikeshare can be amazing--I live in DC and our CaBi
         | system is very popular. It is a cheap and easy way for everyone
         | to have access to a bike, and it complements the District's
         | investment in a bike lane network. A helmet law would kneecap
         | the system.
         | 
         | Wearing a helmet is good, but getting people out of cars and
         | onto bikes with good bike lanes will lead to overall health
         | benefits for a community.
        
           | ZanyProgrammer wrote:
           | Yet it is being anti helmet by trying to cite sketch studies
           | and be too clever by half.
        
           | barbazoo wrote:
           | > A helmet law would kneecap the system
           | 
           | Just an anecdote. Bike share in Vancouver, BC where helmets
           | are mandatory comes with helmets attached to the bikes. And
           | there are "hair nets" IIRC for hygiene purposes.
        
       | conor_f wrote:
       | The safest thing for cyclists is not a helmet, it's good
       | infrastructure. Everything else is just noise.
        
       | JodieBenitez wrote:
       | As a cyclist riding a dedicated and perfectly safe lane by the
       | country, the day helmets are mandatory is the day I sell my bike.
       | Enough with that zero-risk obsession.
        
       | cies wrote:
       | The only real argument for making it less safe is the "increased
       | interactions with the police" argument. This seems to be very US-
       | centric as in most other places an interaction with the police
       | will not get you shot/teased/maced/neck-kneeled as likely.
        
       | filbo wrote:
        
       | AlbertCory wrote:
       | If ever there was a deliberately-deceptive clickbait headline,
       | this is it. Let's look at their overall conclusions:
       | 
       | 1. A reduction in the number of cyclists on streets;
       | 
       | 2. Financial struggle for popular bike sharing systems; and
       | 
       | 3. More exposure among vulnerable populations to unnecessary
       | interactions with police.
       | 
       | NONE of these support the clickbait headline. #1 and #2 say that
       | MHLs reduce the _number of cyclists_. And #3 fails to control for
       | "percent of populations who ride without helmets."
       | 
       | None of them say that a cyclist wearing a helmet is just as
       | likely, or more likely, to get injured.
       | 
       | > The unfortunate truth is mandatory helmet laws simply don't
       | lead to their purported goal, which is to make streets safer.
       | 
       | No, that's never been the "purported goal." The goal is to
       | protect people who already ARE cycling.
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | https://www.bicycling.com/news/a25358099/drivers-give-helmet...
        
           | AlbertCory wrote:
           | Missing from this is any proof of a connection between "close
           | passes" and injuries:
           | 
           | "The new paper from Walker also re-affirms that wearing a
           | helmet was indeed associated with more "close" passes when
           | you take into consideration that in some places, the law
           | dictates more than one meter of room."
           | 
           | and any increase in accidents, let alone injury accidents.
        
             | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
             | It seems obvious to me that if drivers are passing closer,
             | then there's less room for error, either by the driver not
             | judging distance or the cyclist needing to avoid a pothole
             | etc. There's also the intimidation factor - a lot of people
             | are put off from cycling due to not feeling safe, and
             | having vehicles pass at speed within a metre is extremely
             | scary.
        
         | 3bone wrote:
         | I agree, they don't do a fantastic job of justifying the title.
         | However, #1 and #2 are related, and the article does try to
         | explain why they cause less safety. More people biking means
         | both fewer cars, and people driving cars are more aware of
         | bikers.
         | 
         | > Safety in Numbers is a straightforward concept: More people
         | on bikes creates safer conditions on our streets. The National
         | Association of City Transportation Officials (NACTO), which
         | represents professional planners from 81 cities from around the
         | United States, pointed this out in their own pushback on NTSB's
         | recommendations.
         | 
         | If you follow the links in the article you'll come to some
         | actual research about the topic
         | https://www.bmj.com/content/332/7543/722.2.
        
           | backtoyoujim wrote:
           | As someone that has commuted through urban and industrial
           | environments for years on bicycle I don't care what
           | statistics say about assertions and possible changing
           | circumstances for cyclists safety.
           | 
           | Wear a helmet. Your skull doesn't care about this study.
           | 
           | And titles like could lead to people to thinking that they
           | won't need one. Which is unsafe for cyclists.
        
             | taeric wrote:
             | I want you to read that a bit more slowly. And then explain
             | to me how this isn't a paraphrase of "I don't believe in
             | science and studying things."
             | 
             | It would help if you ack that the article encourages
             | helmets. They are not trying to say to not wear them. They
             | are arguing that the practicalities of how "mandates" work
             | out cause more issues than they solve.
             | 
             | I, for one, fully accept that "more studies" would be good.
             | I also always wear a helmet. I don't think either of those
             | are good rebuttals. And any blanket statement of "I don't
             | care what evidence there is," is almost certainly the wrong
             | foot to be on.
        
               | CaptainNegative wrote:
               | > And then explain to me how this isn't a paraphrase of
               | "I don't believe in science and studying things."
               | 
               | I think a more accurate description would be "I don't
               | waste my time with bad science and sealioning" (of which
               | I accuse the article, not you).
               | 
               | Take the "dropped precipitously" link from the article.
               | Does it link to an article about the before-and-after
               | effects of the helmet mandates in Sydney in Melbourne?
               | No. Does it talk about a drop in bicycle usage,
               | irrespective of any relation to the mandates? Also no.
               | It's an uninstrumented observational article about the
               | lack of adoption (specifically) of bike share programs in
               | several Australian cities, with no meaningful analysis of
               | policy-based or temporal factors (outside of the changing
               | coverage areas of the bikeshare companies). That study
               | has zero relation to the claim for which the posted
               | article cites it. Trying to pass it off as if it does is
               | entirely in bad faith.
               | 
               | Articles like the one linked in the OP are a dime a
               | dozen, and disregarding them based on simple heuristics
               | is a good use of everyone's time. If one has a bold
               | scientific claim to make, they should either present the
               | data alongside the article in which they make the
               | statement, or accompany it with a peer-reviewed article
               | that does.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | People are surprisingly bad about reading words and
               | instead reading something entirely different.
               | 
               | It's clear from even the short HN title that we're
               | talking about making helmets mandatory by law, not
               | whether you should wear them.
        
             | dingdingdang wrote:
             | Cracked bikehelmet this morning due to black ice, still f'd
             | due to hurting my foot badly when going down but
             | honestly... without a bike helmet I would be in hospital
             | for sure.
        
               | addingadimensio wrote:
               | Without a bike helmet perhaps your confidence would
               | better match your surroundings eg: black ice. If I biked
               | all winter in full hockey gear I'm certain I would fall
               | more often because I would not be scared to death of
               | slipping on black ice and getting running over by the
               | truck behind me
        
             | _ZeD_ wrote:
             | the point here is very simple: have you ever crossed a
             | street on bicycle alone? and have you ever crossed the same
             | street in a group of bicycles?
             | 
             | THIS is the real difference.
        
               | u801e wrote:
               | I don't see your point. If I cross the street in a group,
               | I pay more attention to others in my group as opposed to
               | approaching traffic. That would be less safe in my
               | opinion because I'm relying on someone else's judgement
               | who may also be distracted by the group.
        
             | jacobr1 wrote:
             | > I don't care what statistics say about assertions and
             | possible changing circumstances for cyclists safety.
             | 
             | Why not? Shouldn't we want to increase cyclist safety?
             | Wearing helmets does that, both the data and common-sense
             | concur here. But article was making a different claim. We
             | shouldn't have laws MANDATING helmet use due to unintended
             | side-effects actually producing more net-harm than the
             | whatever deterrence impact the laws have in increasing
             | helmet use. This is really not an obvious conclusion and
             | requires reviewing the empiric data - but I suspect it is
             | right.
             | 
             | > And titles like could lead to people to thinking that
             | they won't need one.
             | 
             | Yes - the title is badly phrased. They are trying to
             | present a subtle, nuanced argument that is not-obvious to a
             | casual reader scanning headlines or even an article
             | summary.
        
               | hyperbovine wrote:
               | So absolutely everyone should wear a helmet, and
               | absolutely nobody should be required to wear a helmet.
               | There must be a name of this sort of paradox.
        
               | trgn wrote:
               | Yes, it's called reality. It's only a paradox for
               | obsessive right brains, pushing their glasses up their
               | noses, pointing their fingers in the skys, _grunting
               | smacking noises_ , semantics!
               | 
               | Multiple things can be true at once. MHL hurt cyclists,
               | and having a helmet on makes your head hurt less when you
               | fall.
               | 
               | Cyclist safety is _not_ an individual responsibility.
               | It's a collective one. Mandatory helmets promote a state
               | of affairs where cycling is considered a leisure opt-in
               | activity, a fig leaf for shameless victim blaming when
               | drivers do run into a cyclist (should have worn a helmet
               | har har). The collective psychology of drivers, -
               | reckless, inconsiderate, entitled - combined with a
               | street design that actively encourages speeding and
               | reptile-brain fueled jostling for position is what is
               | hurting cyclists. This is why mandatory helmet laws are
               | harmful, they are actively nurture a deadly collective
               | mindset.
               | 
               | Plus, we are not making drivers where helmets. In a
               | crash, having their head packaged inside a helmet will
               | benefit drivers too. So maybe let's start there.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | gernb wrote:
             | The society with the most cyclists disagrees with you. I'm
             | confident their bike safety record is better than countries
             | with mandatory helmet laws.
             | 
             | https://www.google.com/search?q=dutch+cyclists+don%27t+wear
             | +...
             | 
             | Your argument that you're safer with a helmet might be true
             | but you're probably being hypocritical in that there are
             | plenty of things you do in life where you'd be safer with a
             | helmet were you don't personally wear a helmet. Apparently
             | you'd be ok if the government forced you to where a helmet
             | at all times except sleeping because by the same argument,
             | it's safer to walk with a helmet than without therefore
             | there should be a law requiring it
        
         | Arainach wrote:
         | Number of cyclists on the streets is incredibly important to
         | safety. If drivers aren't expecting cyclists they pay less
         | attention to them and aren't as practiced in how to drive
         | safely around cyclists.
        
           | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
           | Perhaps, but cars aren't the _only_ hazards bikes face. Bikes
           | wipe out on ice, on potholes, on stopping suddenly and
           | flipping over the handlebars when a pedestrian steps out in
           | front of you (biker 's fault, yes, but I've seen this
           | happen). Without a helmet, an otherwise minor accident can
           | result in serious brain damage, car or no car.
           | 
           | It's also possible to have mandatory helmet laws and still
           | have lots of cyclists. Vancouver Canada is a good example.
           | Lots of cyclists. Good cycling infrastructure. Mandatory
           | helmets. They do get black ice.
           | 
           | Maybe we should just make helmets mandatory for drivers. Then
           | perhaps they'll hop on a bicycle instead.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | If I could get significant discounts on health or car
             | insurance by wearing a helmet I would (though I'm not sure
             | I'd fit in most cars with a helmet on).
        
             | adgjlsfhk1 wrote:
             | There's a really big difference between cars and other
             | hazards. All the other hazards for a cyclist are them
             | hitting something which is a lot safer than them being hit
             | by a vehicle that weighs a ton or two.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Hitting things other than cars is what helmets are good
               | for. If you are in a bike-car accident no helmet will
               | protect you - you need a several ton cage around you if
               | you want a chance. (motorcycles face the same issue).
               | However there are a lot of things other than cars that
               | you can get in a bike accident with, and most of those
               | are things where helmets are helpful.
        
               | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
               | The ground weighs a lot more than two tons. It really
               | depends on speed, and hitting the ground hard can be very
               | deadly -- especially without a helmet.
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | I'm solidly on team helmet but F=ma is dominated by
               | several tons of SUV. It's really hard for almost any
               | other situation to reach the same energy levels and on
               | average that's what determines how severe an impact is.
        
               | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
               | That's true if and only if the SUV is moving at a high
               | relative speed. Otherwise an SUV will not out-inertia the
               | Earth or anything bolted to it, like a concrete paver, a
               | brick wall, or a lamppost. And yes, if the car hits you
               | at a high speed, you're no better off than a pedestrian
               | and the helmet is unlikely to help.
               | 
               | But without a helmet, it really doesn't require much
               | energy for a head strike to be a fatal or life-changing
               | injury. If riders face a baseline risk from non-car
               | collisions, there's a strong case to be made for
               | mandatory helmets, even if it means the risk from car
               | collisions increase.
        
         | zzzeek wrote:
         | > The goal is to protect people who already ARE cycling.
         | 
         | if you have 4x as many people on bikes, the cyclists with
         | helmets are safer due to the "safety in numbers" effect. If
         | you've done any urban bike riding you'd see this is obviously
         | true.
        
         | mike_hock wrote:
         | And why shouldn't I be allowed to risk my life the way I see
         | fit? Who am I endangering by cycling without a helmet?
        
           | iso1631 wrote:
           | Who am I endangering by driving without a seatbelt?
        
         | bitL wrote:
         | There is a trend of increased incidence of severe injuries when
         | wearing a cycling helmet in countries that introduced mandatory
         | helmets.
         | 
         | EDIT: Evidence: https://road.cc/content/news/268605-wearing-
         | cycle-helmet-may...
        
           | AlbertCory wrote:
           | This is without any supporting evidence, where one would
           | expect some. What do you mean "a trend" ?
           | 
           | Do you mean "more injuries overall" or "more injuries per
           | cyclist"? Or something else entirely?
        
         | welshwelsh wrote:
         | The article goes on to explain why these conclusions make
         | cyclists less safe.
         | 
         | Basically, the only reason that bicycling is unsafe is cars.
         | Cars are only a threat to cyclists when they share the same
         | roads, which is only a problem because not enough people bike.
         | The best way to ensure safety for cyclists is for there to be
         | dedicated bike infrastructure that is completely separated from
         | car infrastructure, and that's only going to happen once enough
         | people switch to biking.
         | 
         | >None of them say that a cyclist wearing a helmet is just as
         | likely, or more likely, to get injured.
         | 
         | That is not said or implied by the headline.
         | 
         | > The goal is to protect people who already ARE cycling.
         | 
         | If that's true, it's an idiotic and shortsighted goal. We have
         | to do better than that- the goal should be to promote bicycling
         | as a safe and accessible alternative to driving for everyone.
         | 8-year-old children should be free to bike to school
         | unsupervised without the risk of getting hit by a car.
         | Mandatory helmet laws don't solve the problem, they make it
         | worse.
        
           | com2kid wrote:
           | > Basically, the only reason that bicycling is unsafe is
           | cars.
           | 
           | How is that true? I fall off my bike and hit my helmet on
           | pavement once every couple of years or so. I am quite
           | thankful I wear a helmet regularly.
           | 
           | Bicycling is of course much safer with less cars.
        
             | matkoniecz wrote:
             | > I fall off my bike and hit my helmet on pavement once
             | every couple of years or so.
             | 
             | That seems extremely unusual. Are you MTBing / using
             | skateparks / etc?
        
               | com2kid wrote:
               | > That seems extremely unusual. Are you MTBing / using
               | skateparks / etc?
               | 
               | No, just riding around streets. Typically from a large
               | stone or something in the walkway, or I try to jump a
               | curb and miss it by a bit.
               | 
               | I don't have the best balance in the world.
               | 
               | -\\_(tsu)_/-
        
               | steelframe wrote:
               | > > I fall off my bike and hit my helmet on pavement once
               | every couple of years or so.
               | 
               | > That seems extremely unusual. Are you MTBing / using
               | skateparks / etc?
               | 
               | As someone who commutes exclusively by bicycle and who
               | goes on 80+ mile rides on the weekend, I used to hit the
               | pavement about once a year. I now ride with elbow pads in
               | addition to a helmet, and I think I've developed a pretty
               | good instinct for what could go sideways. I don't have
               | control over every factor, and being a normal animal that
               | gets tired or distracted, I expect falls to happen again
               | in the future.
               | 
               | Some of the ways I've hit the ground include hitting a
               | patch of icy road after 3 days of 50+F temps because that
               | spot happened to be covered by shadow no matter where the
               | sun was that time of year, hitting a small wet metal
               | grate at the entrance to my employer's parking garage
               | where the bike cage is, and the driver of a truck passing
               | too close and hitting my hand which was out signaling my
               | intention to turn.
               | 
               | Speaking nothing of the hundreds of times I've identified
               | a hazard and avoided it by adjusting my road position,
               | slowing down, bunny hopping, or sometimes even stopping
               | and dismounting when I'm in the middle of the stroad
               | (once when I found myself in a mess of overlapping
               | streetcar tracks all around me). But even with a 99.9%
               | success rate at responding to hazards correctly in the
               | moment, I can expect to fail once every 1,000 hazards or
               | so. That's why I wear protective gear.
        
         | codexb wrote:
         | #1 supports their argument that a cyclist is _more likely_ to
         | be involved in a vehicular accident and therefore more likely
         | to suffer an injury with mandatory helmet laws.
         | 
         | Less overall cyclists means less visibility and less awareness
         | by motorists (ie. if you encounter less bikes, you're less
         | likely to watch out for them)
        
         | shwestrick wrote:
         | You seem to be interested in this question: "If I bike without
         | a helmet, how much more likely am I to be injured than if I
         | bike with a helmet?". And of course, the answer is that you are
         | safer with a helmet.
         | 
         | But the article is interested in a different question: "If I
         | bike, how likely am I to be injured?".
         | 
         | This question is very heavily influenced by the ratio of bikes
         | to cars on the road. More bikes leads to lower chance of injury
         | for bicyclists.
        
           | AlbertCory wrote:
           | "overall traffic safety" is not a goal for MHLs for bikes, or
           | motorcyclists; or seatbelt laws for car riders. Your first
           | paragraph's question is the only relevant part of that.
        
             | shwestrick wrote:
             | That's not a useful perspective. It doesn't matter what the
             | goal of the law is; it matters what effect the law has.
        
             | alistairSH wrote:
             | But, that's not correct either.
             | 
             | MHLs could increase my overall risk of cycling accident
             | enough to offset any gain from wearing the helmet.
             | 
             | There are studies that show drivers go faster and closer to
             | cyclists wearing helmets (vs those without helmets). That
             | alone could increase the risk of deadly car-bike
             | interaction enough to offset the gains from wearing the
             | helmet.
             | 
             | https://www.bicycling.com/news/a25358099/drivers-give-
             | helmet...
             | 
             | Edit - either way, I'm all for separate, protecetetd
             | bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure. That's the "real"
             | solution here - get bikes and cars onto different roads and
             | what drivers do or don't do ceases to be a problem (almost,
             | we still get drunken idiots driving down our protected bike
             | paths outside DC).
        
           | Cpoll wrote:
           | > And of course, the answer is that you are safer with a
           | helmet.
           | 
           | I'm not claiming you're wrong, just that it's not a home-run
           | "of course": https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk_compensation
        
           | pdonis wrote:
           | I would put it this way: the article's information might be
           | useful if you are trying to decide _whether or not to bike_.
           | 
           | But if you have decided to bike, the article's information in
           | no way means you should not wear a helmet.
           | 
           | Unfortunately, the clickbait headline mixes up these two very
           | different things.
        
             | lanstin wrote:
             | The choice to ride with or without a helmet is different
             | for different people. It depends on where you are going,
             | how many other bikers take that route, how fast you will
             | bike, to what extent is it biking in traffic and what just
             | bike trails, and also have you been there before, and
             | do:you think:you should always wear a helmet. One weird
             | factor is that people (car drivers and bike riders) have a
             | certain tolerance to risk, so cars will get closer if you
             | have a helmet on.
             | 
             | https://www.bicyclelawyer.com/cycling-law-blog/study-
             | shows-c...
             | 
             | I bet that people also drive with a bit more risk tolerance
             | when they are wearing a helmet than otherwise, and of
             | course more likely to get that helmet for a fast, risky,
             | fun ride than a quick trip to the grocery store.
             | 
             | Interestingly, if you are seeking to reduce your personal
             | odds of dying, it is a no brainer to bike. The
             | cardiovascular health benefits outweigh the chance for
             | getting hit by a car.
             | 
             | Edit: add the link
             | 
             | https://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2031394/Cycling-
             | w...
        
             | PeterisP wrote:
             | If you have already decided to bike, the article's
             | information means that passing a mandatory helmet law is
             | expected to make you less safe, because the effect of
             | having less bikers causing less safety outweighs the effect
             | of motivating you to wear the helmet more often.
        
               | pdonis wrote:
               | _> If you have already decided to bike, the article 's
               | information means that passing a mandatory helmet law is
               | expected to make you less safe_
               | 
               | You can _change_ your decision of whether to bike or not
               | based on information about the effects of mandatory
               | helmet laws. Some people might choose not to bike any
               | more based on that information.
               | 
               | But _if_ , taking the effects of those laws into account,
               | you still decide to bike, the article says nothing to
               | contradict the obvious common sense that you'll still be
               | better off wearing a helmet than not.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | hyperpape wrote:
             | As I see the title (just in case it has been changed), it
             | is "Turns Out, Mandatory Helmet Laws Make Cyclists Less
             | Safe".
             | 
             | This simply doesn't indicate that wearing a helmet makes
             | cycling less safe. Perhaps someone might misread it that
             | way, but that would be a mistake in terms of both logic and
             | rhetoric.
        
             | welshwelsh wrote:
             | The article isn't for either of those things. Mandatory
             | helmet laws are a matter of public policy, they have
             | nothing to do with individual people making individual
             | decisions.
             | 
             | The article's information is useful _if you are a voter or
             | a politician trying to decide whether mandatory helmet laws
             | will help to make your city a safe place for cyclists._
        
               | pdonis wrote:
               | _> The article isn 't for either of those things._
               | 
               | You'd never know it from the clickbait headline.
               | 
               |  _> Mandatory helmet laws are a matter of public policy,
               | they have nothing to do with individual people making
               | individual decisions._
               | 
               | Public policy doesn't _do_ anything by itself; all it
               | does is determine the incentives that people face when
               | making individual decisions to do or not do things. So
               | correctly describing the effects of a public policy is
               | very important to individual people trying to make
               | individual decisions.
        
               | a1369209993 wrote:
               | > You'd never know it from the clickbait headline.
               | 
               | What headline are you seeing? At the time of this
               | comment, the clickbait headline is:
               | 
               | > > Mandatory helmet laws make cyclists less safe
               | 
               | Which is clearly relevant for:
               | 
               | > a voter or a politician trying to decide whether
               | mandatory helmet laws will help to make your city a safe
               | place for cyclists.
               | 
               | and _not_ clearly relevant for individual people making
               | individual decisions, whether about biking at all, or
               | about wearing a helmet when they do. (It 's obviously
               | possible (even likely) that relevant information might
               | show up, but the clickbait headline isn't actually
               | claiming that.)
        
               | pdonis wrote:
               | It's easy to interpret the headline as telling you what
               | the article is actually saying...if you already know what
               | the article is actually saying.
               | 
               | But my initial reaction on reading the headline was:
               | "Huh? They're saying wearing a helmet makes you less
               | safe? That doesn't make sense! A helmet protects your
               | head." I suspect I'm not alone (at least one other poster
               | in this discussion has called the headline "deliberately
               | deceptive clickbait", which is an even stronger claim
               | than just "clickbait").
        
               | substation13 wrote:
               | > all it does is determine the incentives
               | 
               | You say that like it's not a HUGE thing. Incentives will
               | determine the entire transport ratios of a region.
               | 
               | Biking on freeways is for misfits and weirdos :)
        
               | pdonis wrote:
               | _> You say that like it 's not a HUGE thing._
               | 
               | I said no such thing. Obviously incentives are important.
               | 
               | I'm just pointing out that incentives act on _individuals
               | making individual decisions_. So to claim, as the GGP
               | (not you) did, that public policy has nothing to do with
               | individual decisions is simply wrong.
        
           | wizofaus wrote:
           | But that problem _can_ be addressed in other ways - primarily
           | better infrastructure (though I 'd like to see better driver
           | education too, e.g. as per the Netherlands where drivers are
           | encouraged to open doors while parked in a manner that
           | ensures they see any oncoming cyclists before doing so). We
           | have MHL where I live and while I think there's a good
           | argument for relaxing them at least for certain cases, I am
           | grateful for having grown up in a culture where wearing a
           | helmet is expected/ normal while riding a bike - they've
           | certainly saved me from more serious injuries multiple times
           | (including cases where I've hit the top of my head on
           | branches etc. while riding!). But the fact that so few places
           | in the world do have such legislation is telling - if a law
           | truly is effective with limited downsides it tends to get
           | adopted far more universally.
        
             | mackrevinack wrote:
             | but would you have hit your head if you weren't wearing a
             | helmet? maybe you would have been more cautious! maybe
             | people are slightly more careless/risk taking when they
             | take certain safety measures?
        
             | stingrae wrote:
             | The infrastructure doesn't get built until you have large
             | demand from existing cyclists.
        
               | wizofaus wrote:
               | Building out better infrastructure is usually the most
               | effective way to increase the number of people cycling
               | (and to make it safer for those already doing so).
        
               | jackbravo wrote:
               | Politicians usually don't do anything unless they see a
               | demand for it on their citizenship. Just hoping they will
               | build better infrastructure is naive. And if you want to
               | increase the number of cyclists, laws that make it
               | harder, like helmet requirements, will of course slow the
               | demand.
        
               | wizofaus wrote:
               | Politicians have access to the studies showing that such
               | infrastructure when built has the desired effect, and
               | studies showing that the number one reason people don't
               | cycle more is that they feel unsafe riding among traffic,
               | regardless of helmets. Governments have the job of
               | providing infrastructure to enable cities to function,
               | and in many cases better bicycle infrastructure is the
               | cheapest way to achieve it.
        
               | thrashh wrote:
               | There also studies about how car on-ramps can be built,
               | how sidewalks should be routed, how schools should be
               | organized, etc. etc.
               | 
               | And money has to be split between all those things. A
               | government has to provide for its people's needs and if
               | its people show no interest in cycling, some other more
               | pressing problem is going to take priority
        
               | stingrae wrote:
               | They ignore it as long as there is a vocal contingent of
               | people against cycling infrastructure because of cost or
               | because it may create a slight disruption to a car.
        
               | wizofaus wrote:
               | Some do, sure. But thankfully at least where I live
               | governments (both state and local-level) have seen the
               | benefits of improving cycling infrastructure and are
               | continuing to do so. A good many car drivers are quite
               | happy to not have to share roads with bikes too! Well-
               | built cycling infrastructure makes roads better for all
               | users, esp. if it can reduce the number of unnecessary
               | car trips.
        
         | substation13 wrote:
         | > No, that's never been the "purported goal." The goal is to
         | protect people who already ARE cycling.
         | 
         | The real goal is often to reduce the number of people biking.
         | This is why there is strong correlation between supporting
         | mandatory helmet laws (and bicycle taxes, license plates and
         | mandatory training) and opposing safe infrastructure such as
         | segregated bike lanes.
        
           | halostatue wrote:
           | MHLs also put the burden back on the vulnerable road users,
           | allowing spineless politicians to blame the victims.
        
         | jona-f wrote:
         | When there are more cyclists on the streets, car drivers are
         | used to taking care of them, so its safer for the individual
         | cyclist. Also, for many people, being safe includes not getting
         | stopped by police. It's a different kind of safety, yes. This
         | isn't really hard to see, so i think your hate of clickbait is
         | clouding your vision. There is no deception, mandatory helmet
         | laws make cyclists less safe. At least that is the authors
         | opinion.
        
         | taeric wrote:
         | This is a poor summary. The reduction in the number of cyclists
         | is very easy to see as making things less safe for the
         | remaining cyclists. The data is rather clear on that, oddly.
         | The article even linked to the study they are basing that on at
         | https://usa.streetsblog.org/2015/02/27/safety-in-numbers-
         | bik....
         | 
         | Do we know the full causal factors? I'd wager not. But it is a
         | testable hypothesis as much as "mandating helmets will save
         | lives is." Per the evidence of this article, that hypothesis is
         | on much shakier ground than your post would allow.
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | The "reduction makes it less safe" is quite common. When
           | something is "common and normal" everyone works around it,
           | when something is rare nobody expects it.
           | 
           | This is why you can have _less_ pedestrian fatalities in
           | cities where everyone wanders into the roads seemingly
           | haphazardly than in cities where there are fewer pedestrians
           | and they usually cross with the lights.
        
           | AlbertCory wrote:
           | Your article is statistically naive and doesn't prove
           | anything like what you think it does.
           | 
           | https://usa.streetsblog.org/2015/02/27/safety-in-numbers-
           | bik...
           | 
           | There are so many confounding factors in there that it would
           | be laughed out of the room at any statistician conference.
           | 
           | No, it's not a "testable hypothesis." Maybe you can find a
           | "natural experiment" where two localities are exactly alike,
           | _except_ one has a MHL and the other doesn 't: like a city
           | where two school districts with identical demographics are
           | divided by an artificial barrier.
           | 
           | Even in your article, they admit the uncertainties:
           | 
           | > Do more people on bikes cause cycling to become safer, or
           | does safer infrastructure attract more people to bike?
           | There's no conclusive evidence either way, but the answer is
           | probably a mix of both.
        
             | AnthonyMouse wrote:
             | > Your article is statistically naive and doesn't prove
             | anything like what you think it does.
             | 
             | A major point here is that the burden of proof should be on
             | the ones proposing to make something _mandatory_.
             | 
             | Intuitively you might think that mandating helmets would
             | improve safety. But now we've got a plausible argument that
             | it might not. At this point _there should not be a mandate_
             | unless the proponents can conclusively prove that it
             | actually helps.
             | 
             | Because if helmets make things safer, people are still free
             | to wear them in the absence of a mandate. But if they
             | don't, and you impose the mandate anyway, you are now
             | actively causing harm that its victims have no way to
             | mitigate.
        
             | adql wrote:
             | I'd wager most of what they observed there is just "how
             | well are cities build for cyclist" (prime example:
             | Netherlands) and how competent average driver is (Germany)
             | not some nebulous "safety in numbers"
        
               | stingrae wrote:
               | The numbers lead to more bike infrastructure and safer
               | riding conditions.
        
               | ben7799 wrote:
               | bike infrastructure quality can be more important than
               | quantity.
               | 
               | A lot of what we are getting for bike infrastructure in
               | the US is horribly designed and often ends up being
               | statistically more dangerous than no infrastructure at
               | all.
               | 
               | A lot of our urban bike lanes, even the ones protected by
               | barriers, fall into this trap. They make things safer in
               | between intersections, but very few accidents happen in
               | between intersections. But the poor design of the lanes
               | causes increased risk AT the intersections. And the
               | intersections were already where almost all the accidents
               | happen. We have an epidemic of bike lanes designed by
               | people who don't bike who have the irrational fear of
               | being rear ended by a car as the #1 risk when that's
               | actually one of the least common accidents.
               | 
               | The bad infrastructure puts more cyclists who don't
               | really know what they are doing on the road and they
               | don't understand the pitfalls of the lane design. So you
               | don't see reduced bike-car collision rates.
        
               | halostatue wrote:
               | The truth is the opposite: more bike infrastructure and
               | safer riding conditions _with_ fewer barriers (e.g.,
               | mandatory helmet laws, cyclist licensing -- another
               | stupid idea that comes up with regularity) brings more
               | cyclists.
        
               | stingrae wrote:
               | Of course this is also the case. I am just saying it is
               | hard to get cities to prioritize investments in cycling
               | infrastructure without a large number of users.
        
             | taeric wrote:
             | Apologies, I should not have indicated that it "proves"
             | that this is so. Rather, it does paint a convincing picture
             | that something is there. It is akin to a smell test, if you
             | will.
             | 
             | So, yes, lets debate the confounding factors. If you can
             | name some factors, they should guide us in how we would
             | build tests to explore them. I didn't claim it was easily
             | testable, but it is certainly testable.
        
           | joegahona wrote:
           | > The reduction in the number of cyclists is very easy to see
           | as making things less safe for the remaining cyclists.
           | 
           | Perhaps that should be the headline then. "Mandatory Helmet
           | Laws Make Cyclists Less Safe" implies that going helmet-free
           | is safer than wearing a helmet. I get that there's a logical
           | thread the writer is following re: fewer cyclists create a
           | more dangerous environment -- we could also follow that logic
           | when talking about rising bike prices or any number of things
           | removed from the actual noggin-protecting benefits of
           | helmets. Not sure I'd go so far as to call the headline
           | "clickbait," but a more precise headline would've more
           | accurately described the actual story (which was interesting
           | to me, and I learned something).
        
       | timzaman wrote:
       | Zero people in Holland use bike helmets, and we are the biggest
       | bikers. I usually say: 'if you need to wear a helmet to be safe,
       | you shouldnt be biking'. Make the streets safer, dont focus on
       | the helmet.
        
         | balls187 wrote:
         | American cities are almost overwhelming designed for car
         | traffic and not pedestrian / people.
         | 
         | I wonder if Dutch cities tend to favor bikes and people, which
         | leads to fewer fatal accidents.
         | 
         | Or as the article is suggesting because biking is such integral
         | to dutch culture, drivers expect bicyclists and are more apt to
         | look out for them
        
       | alkonaut wrote:
       | The article doesn't seem to make any claims about reduced safety.
       | It claims there is a reduction in cycling, worse business for
       | bike-sharing and more harassment of minorities.
       | 
       | But what are the concrete numbers on injuries (either absolute or
       | per distance traveled) that would back up the safety claim? Or is
       | the "less safe" not actually refering to physical safety while
       | riding?
        
       | fredrikholm wrote:
       | Headline sounds like a Friedman quote.
       | 
       | Coming from Scandinavia where dedicated bike paths are the
       | default, I'm surprised that Americans willingly bike _directly in
       | traffic_. Especially given how few they are (compared to the very
       | high number of cars).
       | 
       | The few times people bike in traffic here is on the rare occasion
       | where you need to switch between two separate bike lanes that
       | aren't connected.
       | 
       | Having seen cyclist getting hit by a car doing 20kmh/30mph and
       | hitting the pavement head first, however inconvenient it might be
       | for you, please wear a helmet.
        
       | lamontcg wrote:
       | The only legal effect of mandatory helmet laws are that black and
       | homeless people will get a ticket when they get into an accident,
       | even if the accident wasn't their fault (but then it certainly
       | becomes their fault).
        
         | missedthecue wrote:
         | You can buy a bicycle helmet for $15, are you saying that
         | minorities are priced out of this? How do they afford the bike
         | itself?
        
           | snhly wrote:
           | Worded differently: Minimum $15 (average: $35) _each time_
           | your helmet is stolen /lost/forgotten (from my experience as
           | a cyclist: this is a much more frequent occurrence than
           | losing the bike).
           | 
           | We'd be adding a new legal requirement for cycling. This
           | would of course discourage financially struggling groups with
           | more pressing issues at the front of their mind. If someone
           | is living well below the poverty line, and they or their kids
           | lose a helmet, through theft or otherwise, they may just
           | decide to start walking 3 hours to work/school each day for a
           | while. $15 each time you lose it may seem small to us, but
           | for some parent it could be a choice between buying a new
           | helmet and buying 2-3 days of MacDonalds meals for the kids.
           | The over-arching cause of cyclist death is bad cyclist
           | infrastructure. Solutions targeting anything else are just
           | red herrings and detraction. Bike helmets should be
           | encouraged but not enforced.
           | 
           | PS mandatory bike helmets would inevitably drive up the price
           | of bike helmets beyond minimum $15.
        
           | lamontcg wrote:
           | I'm really saying that the only people who get the ticket are
           | minorities or homeless, and its used as a tool to blame them
           | if there's any accidents.
           | 
           | https://crosscut.com/news/2020/12/nearly-half-seattles-
           | helme...
           | 
           | https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/18/us/seattle-bicycle-
           | helmet...
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | qwertox wrote:
       | When I started biking around 4 years ago, I rode my bike for at
       | least two years without a helmet. That would be around 10.000 km
       | without one. I never had an issue. When I started wearing a
       | helmet I started breaking my bones, because I started to do
       | riskier stuff (which was the reason for starting to wear a
       | helmet).
       | 
       | Then I got used to it and bought myself a better one last year,
       | instead of the 20EUR one wich I initially had.
       | 
       | But I don't ride my bike in traffic on a street, so those first
       | two years were never really a high-risk scenario.
        
         | jupp0r wrote:
         | I started playing daily russian roulette last month and never
         | had an issue. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survivorship_bias
        
       | anorwell wrote:
       | The article says:
       | 
       | > When the Australian cities of Melbourne and Brisbane mandated
       | helmet use, it actually made streets less safe for cyclists. The
       | number of people riding bikes dropped precipitously, which
       | reduced the "Safety in Numbers" effect.
       | 
       | This links to [1], but this paper doesn't seem to support the
       | assertion at all.
       | 
       | > These results help explain why two of the four companies
       | operating in Sydney decided to leave the city in July 2018: the
       | low rate of trips-per-day per bike, a high level of vandalism,
       | and the threat of heavy fines from councils made the system one
       | without potential for financial profit. While dockless
       | bikesharing appears to be successful in many cities globally, the
       | factors leading to its success have not been replicated in Sydney
       | to date.
       | 
       | There's no mention of helmets, and the paper is specifically
       | about bike sharing programs, not biking in general.
       | 
       | [1] https://findingspress.org/article/7615-stationless-in-
       | sydney...
        
         | float4 wrote:
         | I'll cite SWOV.nl (Dutch institute for road safety research):
         | 
         | > The effect of (mandatory) bicycle helmets on bicycle use is
         | not clear. Several international studies show that bicycle use
         | decreases after the introduction of helmet laws, even though
         | most studies do not find such an effect or only find a
         | temporary effect [9] [42] [49]. [...]
         | 
         | > There are two international review studies of the effect of
         | mandatory helmet use on the use of bicycles, both dating from
         | 2018 [9] [42]. The first study [42] shows that the available
         | research results are not unequivocal. It states that mandatory
         | helmet use could indeed result in a decrease of the number of
         | cyclists, but that this need not always be the case and that,
         | if the number of cyclists initially decreases, that need not be
         | of long duration. The second study is a mostly qualitative
         | analysis of the available literature [9]. Based on their
         | findings, the researchers conclude that there is little to no
         | evidence of a substantial decrease of bicycle use due to the
         | introduction of mandatory helmets. They have examined 23
         | studies/data sets and conclude that 2 of these studies support
         | the hypothesis that mandatory helmets lead to a decrease of
         | cycling, whereas 13 studies do not, and 8 studies show mixed
         | results.
         | 
         | > The abovementioned review studies only concern research done
         | abroad, in particular in Australia and North America.
         | 
         | https://swov.nl/en/fact-sheet/bicycle-helmets (Under "What is
         | the effect of helmet use on the popularity of cycling?")
        
         | michaelt wrote:
         | Presumably the first link was intended to link [1] which says
         | Australia's mandatory helmet laws reduced cycling by _" 30-40%
         | overall, and up to 80% in some demographic groups"_
         | 
         | It also claims that _" MHLs are the main reason for the failure
         | of Australia's two public bike hire schemes. Brisbane and
         | Melbourne are the only two cities in the world with helmet laws
         | to have attempted public bike hire. While schemes in places
         | like Paris, London, Montreal, Dublin and Washington DC have
         | flourished, Brisbane and Melbourne have amongst the lowest
         | usage rates in the world."_
         | 
         | Presumably in editing, the article's two mentions of cycle hire
         | schemes got confused.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=173283f8-7b1c-4...
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | andrewstuart wrote:
       | Just wear a helmet.
       | 
       | It protects you from brain damage.
        
         | barry-cotter wrote:
         | Indeed, you should wear a helmet in cars and trains too.
        
         | Dobbs wrote:
         | Having proper cycling infrastructure protects you far more.
        
           | charonn0 wrote:
           | It's not either/or.
        
           | malfist wrote:
           | Okay? Mandating helmets don't prevent cities from building
           | better cycling infrastructure.
        
             | zip1234 wrote:
             | If they reduce cycling, they do in fact prevent that. The
             | old 'nobody cycles so why should we build that' argument is
             | highly persuasive.
        
         | usrusr wrote:
         | E.g. while driving. All the professional racers do it, I guess
         | they know a thing or two about dangers while driving.
        
           | diarmuidc wrote:
           | So all drivers should be required to wear a helmet? If not,
           | why not ?
        
           | Philip-J-Fry wrote:
           | They wear them because:
           | 
           | Their cars are custom built (e.g. F1) and don't have air bags
           | or crumple zones and are open top.
           | 
           | Their cars are modified to be lighter weight, so air bags and
           | other safety equipment is removed. Instead they are fitted
           | with roll cages and wear a helmet.
           | 
           | They're also racing around at high speeds where rolling a car
           | is a real possibility.
           | 
           | Yes, let's equate that to a road car with a proven safety
           | record (NCAP) tests.
           | 
           | Let's see how many tests of a cyclist smashing their head
           | into the ground shows that it's harmless...
        
             | usrusr wrote:
             | > Let's see how many tests of a cyclist smashing their head
             | into the ground shows that it's harmless...
             | 
             | I'm sure that you can provide evidence of helmet-wearers
             | doing the same to show that it's harmless one you put on a
             | foam hat?
             | 
             | On a related note, thousands of drivers dying from head
             | trauma each year demonstrate that NCAP is no immortality
             | cheat either.
        
         | cies wrote:
         | Demand bicycle safe cities!
         | 
         | Helmets should be optional. Taking risks should be legal.
         | 
         | > Just wear a helmet.
         | 
         | You do you. Next up we gonna enforce pedestrians to wear air-
         | bag suits "for their own safety", forbid roller skating, etc.
         | 
         | Disclaimer: living in the Netherlands.
        
           | alkonaut wrote:
           | > Taking risks should be legal
           | 
           | What's the difference from a seat belt law? As long as I'm
           | paying for everyone elses' healthcare (which is the norm in
           | developed countries), their personal risk taking is my
           | concern. Even in places without publically funded healthcare,
           | everyone pays for others' risks through premiums so the
           | difference isn't as big as it would seem.
        
             | mughinn wrote:
             | Seat belts laws also shouldn't exist
             | 
             | You also shouldn't be paying for everyone elses' healthcare
        
               | alkonaut wrote:
               | Even in the US you would be paying for the risktaking of
               | others because their premiums depend on whether everyone
               | in their insurance pool wears a seatbelt or not.
        
               | mughinn wrote:
               | I don't know if this is legal now in the US, but
               | insurance should be allowed to charge more for people
               | with higher risk-taking, either because of past offenses,
               | or other behaviors
        
               | lukas099 wrote:
               | Interesting take, so we should allow people to ride
               | without helmets and then when they're bleeding out on the
               | street we should just leave them there if they can't pay.
        
               | mughinn wrote:
               | Yes, we should allow people to ride without helmets.
               | 
               | No, I'm not saying we should just leave them there to
               | die.
        
               | cies wrote:
               | In same vain we could ban ice hockey then :)
        
             | cies wrote:
             | > What's the difference from a seat belt law?
             | 
             | You found a risk reducing law that probably does make
             | sense. Very small investment (Volvo relinquished the
             | patent, thanks Volvo) and very large benefit.
             | 
             | But this "their personal risk taking is my concern"
             | argument of yours makes me shiver. I'd never want someone
             | else's risk taking to be my concern: I've got more
             | important stuff to attend to, thank God.
        
               | tsukikage wrote:
               | All right, let's suppose for a minute that self-interest
               | is literally the only thing to be considered.
               | 
               | Your personal risk preferences impact me in a variety of
               | ways:
               | 
               | * my cost of living goes up, because damage control is
               | much more expensive than prevention; someone has to pay
               | for it, and dead people can't.
               | 
               | * my personal risk goes up, because resources I might
               | need such as emergency doctors' time are occupied dealing
               | with the consequences of your decisions instead.
               | 
               | * my quality of life goes down, e.g. I have to spend more
               | time waiting in traffic jams while the bodies are scraped
               | off the roads.
               | 
               | If you take your risks in a space I am forced to share
               | with you, whether physical, societal or economical, your
               | choices affect me.
        
               | cies wrote:
               | And we will live in the most boring Brave New World where
               | all danger is eliminated because of this reasoning.
               | 
               | Sports will be gone, only the gym survives as it has the
               | lowest risk factor. No more alcohol and drugs. And there
               | will be condom police checking up on you when you cozy up
               | with anyone except your wife.
               | 
               | Sure, go and try to make it happen. But I will also try
               | to subvert it :)
        
             | cies wrote:
             | There was a commedian saying cars should be make more
             | dangerous for the driver: "that will teach 'm". He claimed
             | car's driver safety features made them less safe for
             | everyone else, as driving like an idiot had little negative
             | outcome for the driver.
             | 
             | "Put a sharp pin in the steering wheel and forbid belts and
             | airbags." he jokingly argued.
             | 
             | There's quite some truth to it.
        
               | tsukikage wrote:
               | Dead people can't learn.
        
               | ZeroGravitas wrote:
               | But they wouldn't be dead, because no one would be
               | brave/stupid enough to drive such a car at high speeds
               | while texting on their phone.
        
               | mbg721 wrote:
               | I dunno, people are generally wired to ignore high-
               | severity but low-frequency bad events. You can drive like
               | an idiot for a long time and have nothing happen.
        
             | bigDinosaur wrote:
             | Bicycling makes you fitter and healthier, reducing overall
             | disease burden, as well as providing mental health
             | benefits, reduced traffic, consequently reduced air
             | pollution which also is a major win for public health.
             | 
             | Cars literally don't do any of those things. They're
             | convenient (at least when your city isn't subject to awful
             | traffic) and that's it.
        
           | tsukikage wrote:
           | Motorists and street furniture in bike lanes are not the only
           | things helmets protect you from. Pedestrians, other cyclists,
           | mechanical failure, rubbish in the road, oil patch, black
           | ice; any number of things can result in you hitting the
           | ground even when entirely separated from motor vehicles.
           | Meanwhile, more and more people are using e-bikes and
           | spending a larger proportion of their time on the bike doing
           | 20-30mph or more.
           | 
           | Hitting concrete with your body at speed is not going to be
           | great for you regardless of the exact cause or exact body
           | part. Just wear the helmet, pity's sake. Why be a meat
           | crayon?
        
             | cies wrote:
             | You do you. I want helmets for those who want helmets.
             | 
             | I'm fine without, thank you for being considerate.
             | 
             | The article makes a point, I agree with: don't put barriers
             | on cycling.
             | 
             | I agree wholeheartedly. And I have trouble with most safety
             | laws: they can be recommendations, but not laws (yes seat
             | belt was mentioned, I know, I know).
        
         | diarmuidc wrote:
         | That's a fallacious argument. There is no activity that could
         | not be made more safe by wearing a helmet. Yet we don't because
         | the arguments like yours are simple and wrong.
        
           | fleischhauf wrote:
           | how is this wrong? A helmet protects your head and thus your
           | brain. It makes sense wear helmets in situations where your
           | head is more prone to be damaged (e.g. construction work, or
           | in this case biking).
        
             | Swenrekcah wrote:
             | It absolutely makes sense to wear a helmet while cycling
             | but it just shouldn't be compulsory.
        
           | usrusr wrote:
           | Multiple cases have been documented of children strangulating
           | themselves wearing a bike helmet while mucking about on
           | playgrounds and the like. Entire education campaigns have set
           | out to prevent the wearing of helmet in activities that
           | turned out to be made less safe by them.
           | 
           | But I agree with your general point, if the marginal safety
           | gain during cycling was enough to make them mandatory, few
           | activities would remain without mandatory protective headwear
           | (my last bike-related head injury happened while _walking
           | through the kitchen_ during maintenance).
        
         | fjfaase wrote:
         | Are you implying to always wear a helmet? When you are in a
         | car, in public transportation, walking down the street, going
         | down the stairs or just always? The last time, I hit my head
         | was in a house.
         | 
         | The closest I came to a concussion was when I slipped while
         | walking on ice.
         | 
         | It is quite likely, I spend at least 10,000 of biking so far
         | without a helmet. I had some small accident, but non where I
         | got any brain damage. In most cases the accidents was the
         | result of my own stupidity: being too hurried, not watching the
         | traffic, or doing putting on a rain coat while biking.
        
           | chrisbaker98 wrote:
           | What possible reason is there to _not_ wear a helmet when
           | riding a bike?
        
             | walthamstow wrote:
             | I'll chip in with my main reason, as a London cycling
             | veteran of nearly 10 years: shoulder checks.
             | 
             | I whip my head back and forth over my right shoulder
             | constantly to check the state of traffic behind me.
             | 
             | Before I maneuvre, I check, check and check again. Always
             | checking. Always fully aware of what's behind me.
             | 
             | Having something attached to my head makes it harder and
             | less comfortable to do these rapid checks. I think this
             | makes me less safe overall.
        
             | hombre_fatal wrote:
             | Having to carry it around. People who say you can just clip
             | it to your bike haven't lived in any city I've lived in.
        
             | kypro wrote:
             | Same reason for not wearing one in a car, bus or when
             | crossing the road, I guess. Some people just like to take
             | risks.
        
               | fjfaase wrote:
               | I do not like taking risks and I think i am a risk
               | avoiding person.
               | 
               | Here in the Netherlands, I guess that my risk for getting
               | involved in an accident, is not any higher than walking
               | and other forms of transportation. I am not using an
               | e-bike and I usually bike at a speed of about 15km/h. I
               | do not use a racing bike, but a bike where you sit in an
               | upright position allowing you to look around easily. I
               | also take care of using routes that are safe. Here in the
               | Netherlands, where are more bikes than cars, and biking
               | is an important means of transportation for daily
               | commutes and doing shoppings. We have good
               | infrastructures for bikes.
        
             | airza wrote:
             | What possible reason is there not to wear a helmet when
             | driving a _car_?
        
               | chrisbaker98 wrote:
               | Seatbelts, airbags, crumple zones.
        
             | blahedo wrote:
             | Several of the reasons are shown elsewhere in this thread,
             | but here's one I haven't seen here yet:
             | 
             | Because I like my head not freezing when it's ten degrees
             | below freezing? When I bring this up, sometimes people tell
             | me about thin membrane caps that fit under the hat, but
             | they don't work when it's actually really cold out. Helmets
             | absolutely do not fit over warm-weather hats (or any hats,
             | really). (Other people have said "why would you be biking
             | if it's below freezing", which shows that they don't
             | understand the entire conversation.)
        
               | Sharparam wrote:
               | I think I might be quite warm naturally but those thinner
               | caps that fit below the helmet work just fine for me when
               | I bike in cold Sweden in the winter. -10 degC and below.
               | 
               | The helmet itself gives some wind protection which helps
               | as well I think.
        
               | wl wrote:
               | I've got a thin balaclava I've worn under a bike helmet
               | down to 0degF that's kept me warm enough. Let out the
               | band on the helmet a few clicks and it fits perfectly.
        
             | 0_____0 wrote:
             | I wear a helmet 99.9% of the time on a bike. They are not
             | zero hassle. If you live somewhere where stuff gets nicked
             | in public and you've got a nicer helmet, you bring it
             | inside your destination with you. They mess up hair too.
             | 
             | They're not GOOD reasons but let's not pretend there aren't
             | any at all.
        
             | 3nf wrote:
             | Helmet hair. Once my hair gets compressed by a helmet,
             | nothing other than a shower can fix it, and we don't have
             | showers at work [not an issue as I'm remote now].
             | 
             | I live less than a mile from my former cubicle, and my old
             | commute was mostly through a park with two road crossings.
             | There was no reason to wear a helmet.
             | 
             | If I'm on a longer road ride, or riding off-road, I
             | religiously wear a helmet. If I'm riding lift-assisted
             | downhill, I wear a full-face helmet.
        
           | Kiro wrote:
           | What's your grudge with helmets? Strange hill to die on.
        
             | pfdietz wrote:
             | That's not quite fair. They could be dying in ditches, on
             | hoods of cars, against walls or trees, not just on hills.
        
           | tsukikage wrote:
           | If you _really_ _hate_ helmets, you could use one of these
           | instead: https://hovding.com/
        
             | fjfaase wrote:
             | Not very practical for daily commutes. If I would not feel
             | safe biking, I would rather wear a helmet than a device
             | like this.
             | 
             | Here in the Netherlands, biking (without support) at speeds
             | around 15km/h if you are in good health and of sound mind,
             | is not more dangerous than walking or traveling by some
             | other means. Recently, the number of traffic causalities
             | has gone up, that those are mostly related to the use of
             | e-bikes by elderly people and younger people. I feel that
             | if you need support for biking when you do not have the
             | strength (due to old age), you probably are not fit for
             | biking at all. Many young people using e-bikes remove the
             | speed restriction allowing them to bike at speed up to 30
             | km/h. At those speeds, the chance of accidents go up very
             | quickly.
        
               | tsukikage wrote:
               | True, a helmet is better in all kinds of ways. It doesn't
               | need a battery, it still works even when things hit you
               | rather than you hitting things, and it's an order of
               | magnitude cheaper to replace after a knock.
               | 
               | But if someone will wear one of these things who wouldn't
               | otherwise wear anything at all...
               | 
               | Cycle routes in the Netherlands are awesome! Things are
               | slowly improving here, but we're still a long way from
               | that level of care placed into the design.
        
           | forgotusername6 wrote:
           | I've seen a cyclist lying motionless on the street. Eyes
           | open, blood coming from her nose. No helmet.
           | 
           | I've also seen helmets from friends who have crashed where
           | the helmet is completely destroyed. It just isn't worth it.
           | 
           | Your argument is the same as that against seatbelts. I've
           | driven hundreds of thousands of miles but never had an
           | accident. I still put my seatbelt on.
        
         | rmvt wrote:
         | just don't leave your house. it protects you from getting run
         | over, being robbed at gunpoint, heartbreak, etc. do you see
         | where your logic fails?
         | 
         | this is not news. wearing helmets has been associated with a
         | range of negative issues for years now.
         | (https://road.cc/content/news/268605-wearing-cycle-helmet-
         | may..., https://www.bicycling.com/culture/a29802208/helmet-
         | laws-safe..., https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/09/060
         | 911102200.h...)
        
           | rmvt wrote:
           | correction: i pasted the wrong bicyling.com link, this is the
           | one i meant https://www.bicycling.com/news/a20009468/people-
           | take-more-ri...
        
       | JohnGB wrote:
       | The Netherlands did a study on bike helmets and found that cars
       | tend to be more dangerous with cyclists if the cyclists are
       | wearing a helmet, which is why there are no mandatory bicycle
       | helmet laws in the Netherlands. However, it's worth noting that
       | the cycling infrastructure in the Netherlands also for the most
       | part separates bikes and cars with more than just a line of
       | paint, so their experience may not translate well to other
       | countries with poor cycling infrastructure.
        
         | peoplefromibiza wrote:
         | > The Netherlands did a study on bike helmets
         | 
         | They did not.
         | 
         | But it's true that _" Dutch neurologists and surgeons call on
         | people to wear helmets while cycling"_
         | 
         | https://road.cc/content/news/dutch-neurologists-call-cyclist...
         | 
         | Because, you know, politicians would do anything to keep people
         | voting for them, including putting people lives at risk to
         | please them (COVID just proved it, if there was some doubt
         | left), but doctors opinions are a bit more of a reliable source
         | to understand what could potentially kill you and what could
         | save your life.
        
           | kqr wrote:
           | I don't agree. A surgeon is not going to see the vast
           | majority of people who don't suffer head trauma, so they are
           | not any more reliable than anyone else. If anything, they are
           | likely to be _more_ biased than the average person.
           | 
           | Now, get me a statistician and we can talk.
        
             | peoplefromibiza wrote:
             | > A surgeon is not going to see the vast majority of people
             | who don't suffer head trauma
             | 
             | Which is a very silly argument.
             | 
             | A surgeon is one among the few that can see a spike in
             | brain traumas cases and can investigate the causes, it's
             | totally more reliable than you or me, because he has the
             | data and the knowledge, we don't.
             | 
             | I don't know about you, but I would ask a veteran about the
             | horrors of war, not to 4 years kids, who, having seen none
             | of it, are, by your reasoning, less biased.
             | 
             | > A surgeon is not going to see the vast majority of people
             | who don't suffer head trauma
             | 
             | Because surgeons are notoriously not people too and live in
             | a closet in the hospital.
             | 
             | > Now, get me a statistician and we can talk.
             | 
             | first of all, medical professionals typically study
             | statistics, epidemiology doesn't really figure out itself
             | on its own.
             | 
             | Secondly, I work with statisticians to assess the risks for
             | insurance companies (not in the US). I work with that kind
             | of data everyday and, guess what, MDs reports are highly
             | predictive of risks, the average Joe with a laptop
             | opinions, are discarded because, after examination, have
             | been found "completely non-predictive".
        
               | mmcnl wrote:
               | Ban cycling. Even less trauma. And why stop there, make
               | it illegal to walk outside as well. No more pedestrians
               | getting hit by cars!
               | 
               | This sounds absurd ofcourse, and it is. But from the
               | point of the surgeons it is not absurd, as it reduces
               | trauma significantly. So any decisions should be taken by
               | taking into account socio-economic effects as well.
               | Cycling is a part of Dutch culture and compared to other
               | countries we are doing very well. Mandatory helmets are a
               | big deal (where do you keep the helmets?) and will
               | definitely move people from bikes to cars.
        
               | xapata wrote:
               | > medical professionals typically study statistics,
               | epidemiology doesn't really figure out itself on its own.
               | 
               | Having tutored medical professionals trying to pass their
               | epidemiology classes, I would not make that claim. From
               | my observations, epidemiology and statistical literacy is
               | treated as a "check this box" effort, the least important
               | of their courses.
        
         | float4 wrote:
         | > The Netherlands did a study on bike helmets
         | 
         | This was a British study
         | 
         | > and found that cars tend to be more dangerous with cyclists
         | if the cyclists are wearing a helmet
         | 
         | Re-analysis showed that there actually was no significant
         | effect. Source: https://swov.nl/en/fact-sheet/bicycle-helmets
         | (under: "Do bicycle helmets also have adverse effects?")
         | 
         | > which is why there are no mandatory bicycle helmet laws in
         | the Netherlands
         | 
         | We (the Netherlands) don't have helmet laws because we hate
         | helmets, not because we did research and concluded they'd have
         | significant adverse effects.
        
           | tremon wrote:
           | _because we hate helmets, not because we did research_
           | 
           | Actually, we did. From [0] (the link to the study itself is
           | on that page too):
           | 
           | > A recent Dutch study (2021) concludes that many people
           | expect to make fewer bike rides when mandatory helmet laws
           | are introduced. These findings suggest that such a law would
           | have a negative effect both on bike usage and on public
           | health in general.
           | 
           | In addition to the standard arguments already posted here
           | about safety in numbers, efficacy of a helmet, and
           | infrastructure design, they also mention a few practical
           | problems with helmets:
           | 
           | - What to do with the helmet when you're not wearing it? A
           | good helmet is too big to just store in a coat pocket or a
           | handbag.
           | 
           | - What to do if you lose your helmet or it gets stolen? How
           | will you make it home then?
           | 
           | [0] https://www.fietsersbond.nl/de-
           | fiets/accessoires/fietshelmen...
        
           | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
           | I believe that re-analysis was refuted by Dr Ian Walker:
           | https://psyarxiv.com/nxw2k
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | > and found that cars tend to be more dangerous with cyclists
           | if the cyclists are wearing a helmet
           | 
           | I know that when I'm driving a car, I specifically behave
           | differently when I see a bicyclist with a helmet vs without.
           | /s
           | 
           | This just sounds so preposterous. First off, I doubt the
           | average driver notices bicyclists at all. Of those that do,
           | I'd seriously doubt if they even consider that they are
           | wearing a helmet or not and just express frustration at the
           | bicycle being there in the first place. The suggestion that a
           | driver notices a helmet and acts more aggressively towards
           | the rider or that they give a wider berth to the rider when
           | not wearing a helmet is just "trying too hard" for lack of
           | better words to describe my incredulity.
        
             | paddez wrote:
             | > I doubt the average driver notices bicyclists at all.
             | 
             | This seems like an issue. The average driver should
             | absolutely notice the environment they're operating in.
             | 
             | This includes noticing those around them. This should be
             | especially true for the more vulnerable road users.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | Um, that's the point of it being _THE_ issue.
               | 
               | If you are riding a bicycle in an area (like mine) where
               | biking is just not at all that common in the majority of
               | areas, then the drivers of motor vehicles are just out of
               | practice of noticing bicycles. It is not in their muscle
               | memory of needing to look out for them. Other cars, sure.
               | Pedestrians, maybe (but that's probably pretty low as
               | well).
        
             | kenjackson wrote:
             | I do behave differently with some bicyclists than others
             | and it _might_ be correlated with helmet use.
             | 
             | If I see a bicyclist that looks like a bicyclist I tend to
             | drive closer to them because I expect they are going to
             | stay in their lane. Conversely, people who look like they
             | aren't regular bike riders or teenagers just screwing
             | around -- I will give a much wider berth... in some cases
             | even going a completely different route to avoid them.
        
               | lcnPylGDnU4H9OF wrote:
               | > If I see a bicyclist that looks like a bicyclist
               | 
               | I recall a coworker explaining the duality of cycling in
               | full kit vs. cycling in "street" clothes with his
               | children. In the former case, he appears as a pro or
               | semi-pro cyclist and in the latter, as a dad spending
               | time with his children.
               | 
               | It's not hard to guess which get-up gets him honked at,
               | coal rolled[0], etc. It's also not hard speculate that a
               | driver is more likely to give the dad spending time with
               | his children more room on the road. (Of course, in either
               | case the cyclists should all be wearing helmets, but
               | we're only even having this discussion because not all
               | are so responsible.)
               | 
               | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling_coal
        
           | lmm wrote:
           | The "re-analysis" just does a bunch of ad-hoc adjustments to
           | make the study underpowered. You could make literally any
           | scientific paper show no effect by doing the same thing.
        
           | moffkalast wrote:
           | > because we hate helmets
           | 
           | I mean yeah helmets for commuting at a snail's pace in areas
           | without cars are an annoyance at best.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | Fiahil wrote:
         | that study comes out a lot, but, AFAIK was poorly challenged.
         | It would be nice to get a second opinion on this topic before
         | jumping to conclusions.
        
           | lukas099 wrote:
           | It may not be perfect, but if it's the best study we have on
           | the matter I think we should tentatively and judiciously
           | accept it.
        
             | cryptonector wrote:
             | Why not attempt to reproduce it?
        
             | snakeboy wrote:
             | I would assume there is quite a lot of evidence for the
             | efficacy of helmets in the event of a crash, no? I think in
             | general it makes more sense to give credence to studies
             | that give intuitive results that are explainable by sound
             | first principles modeling, rather than one study that gives
             | an unintuitive result based on human behavior.
        
               | banannaise wrote:
               | Bicycle helmets are designed to protect riders from
               | collisions with terrain at normal cycling speeds (in
               | fact, less than that; helmet tests are done with a speed
               | of about 14 miles per hour [0]).
               | 
               | Cyclists who are hit by traffic are likely to be hit
               | much, much harder than that. Therefore the effect of the
               | helmet is more or less entirely untested, and
               | manufacturers have no incentive to design helmets for
               | that scenario.
               | 
               | [0] https://helmets.org/limits.htm
        
               | ThatGeoGuy wrote:
               | Not really? There may be slight reductions in some
               | injuries as a result of helmet use, but for most cyclists
               | this isn't really what you'd call definitive data. At the
               | end of the day, a few inches of foam isn't going to
               | protect you from a few tonnes of steel.
               | 
               | That said, it's notoriously under-studied. If you look
               | into "best helmet" in terms of safety you'll see a lot of
               | marketing speak and not a lot of science. The way that
               | helmets are tested tend to 1) not be reflective of actual
               | use of the helmet in a conflict scenario and 2) tend to
               | make pretty broad assumptions about the largest danger
               | factor on the roads.
               | 
               | The thing is that you would /think/ that there's a lot of
               | evidence out there for helmet use. The most compelling
               | evidence for helmet use is for drivers in cars /
               | automobiles, and we wouldn't dare mandate that into
               | existence.
               | 
               | Helmet laws always seem to get people ruffled up but at
               | the end of the day the number of bike fatalities is
               | already low, and skewing that in terms of helmet use
               | somewhat misses the point - dedicated and separated
               | bicycle infrastructure will have a vastly larger impact
               | compared to any mandate on using a helmet. It seems like
               | arguing about adding a mandate on helmets is just an easy
               | way for the system to wash its hands of responsibility
               | for not regulating vehicle and street design more
               | thoroughly.
        
               | peoplefromibiza wrote:
               | > Not really? There may be slight reductions in some
               | injuries as a result of helmet use,
               | 
               | Yes, actually, really!
               | 
               |  _Helmets provide a 63 to 88% reduction in the risk of
               | head, brain and severe brain injury for all ages of
               | bicyclists_
               | 
               | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7025438/
               | 
               |  _There was a significantly higher crude 30-day mortality
               | in un-helmeted cyclists 5.6% (4.8%-6.6%) versus helmeted
               | cyclists 1.8% (1.4%-2.2%) (p <0.001). Cycle helmet use
               | was also associated with a reduction in severe traumatic
               | brain injury (TBI) 19.1% (780, 18.0%-20.4%) versus 47.6%
               | (1211, 45.6%-49.5%) (p<0.001), intensive care unit
               | requirement 19.6% (797, 18.4%-20.8%) versus 27.1% (691,
               | 25.4%-28.9%) (p<0.001) and neurosurgical intervention
               | 2.5% (103, 2.1%-3.1%) versus 8.5% (217, 7.5%-9.7%)
               | (p<0.001)._
               | 
               | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/9/e027845
               | 
               |  _"The evidence is clear: helmets save lives and
               | significantly reduce the risks of severe injury," said
               | Lois K. Lee, MD, MPH, FAAP, lead author of the statement,
               | written by the AAP Council on Injury, Violence, and
               | Poison Prevention. "And yet sports-related injuries make
               | up a substantial proportion of all traumatic brain
               | injuries. As a pediatric emergency medicine physician, I
               | advise all my patients - and their parents-- to wear
               | helmets."_
               | 
               | https://www.aap.org/en/news-room/news-
               | releases/aap/2022/amer...
        
               | seadan83 wrote:
               | The kicker is rate of head injuries during a bicycle
               | crash. A fraction of crashes involve a person's head
               | (though when it does, for those one in ten falls, you
               | really want it)
               | 
               | The numbers are under reported. Every cyclist I know that
               | uses a bike for transport has been hit by a car. Myself
               | thrice, never reported. Crashes involving myself, never
               | reported. Hence, there is a bias in the data for the
               | really traumatic injuries
        
               | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
               | There's some debunking of helmet studies here:
               | https://www.cyclehelmets.org/1027.html
        
               | peoplefromibiza wrote:
               | thanks.
               | 
               | A very good example of what "selection bias" means.
        
               | ThatGeoGuy wrote:
               | I don't think I'm necessarily disagreeing that in the
               | worst-case scenario that helmets do the job of reducing
               | brain and skull trauma. Doing something is the
               | alternative to doing nothing, you'd expect some
               | difference here.
               | 
               | My problem is that helmet use isn't exactly "well-
               | studied." All these studies look at existing reports from
               | medical centres on injuries & deaths. This doesn't
               | actually account for the broader behavioural changes in
               | the system, or look at causes outside of "injured while
               | wearing a helmet vs. not."
               | 
               | In any other industry this kind of reporting (while
               | factual) is absolutely ignoring everything else. A short
               | list of what isn't being considered:
               | 
               | - Which road and behaviour led to incident?
               | 
               | - Which kinds of road conflicts can be addressed by
               | helmets?
               | 
               | - How did road design lead to the incident?
               | 
               | - Were environmental factors a concern (winter, ice,
               | rain, etc.)?
               | 
               | - How does behaviour for the cyclist change as a result
               | of not wearing a helmet?
               | 
               | - How does behaviour for other road users change as a
               | result of a cyclist not wearing a helmet?
               | 
               | - What kinds of helmets are more viable for protection in
               | the case of the most extreme (and most common) conflict
               | scenarios? How do we then test these helmets to ensure
               | compliance in manufacturing?
               | 
               | These are all questions you'd expect to be answered here,
               | and then you'd do the cost-benefit analysis on whether a
               | mandate is necessary or not. A "well-studied" field would
               | have discussed these effects in broader detail, not just
               | short-cut to "fewer people who already had huge injuries
               | while cycling died when using a helmet." That is not the
               | entire problem, because it leaves out a huge sampling of
               | people who do not wear helmets and do not make it to the
               | hospital in the first place.
        
               | cryptonector wrote:
               | I got to witness an accident where a helmet would have
               | made a huge difference for the cyclist. A lady was
               | cycling at fairly low speed on a street that had old
               | rails, then her front wheel apparently got stuck in a
               | rail and she fell over and got a pretty serious looking
               | head injury. Several of us in cars pulled over, called
               | 911, and waited till the ambulance arrived and told them
               | what happened. I have no idea what happened to her in the
               | end, but she was unconscious and bleeding profusely from
               | her her. She was not wearing a helmet, as you might
               | surmise.
        
       | incomingpain wrote:
       | >A reduction in the number of cyclists on streets;
       | 
       | Really a goal of the move. For sure there's a reduction, article
       | suggests 15-40% which jives for me. So long as a bikes are
       | allowed on the road, you will have movements to punish cyclists.
       | Soon as a city has bike pathes all over enabling you to get to
       | your destination and banning cyclists off the road and sidewalks.
       | Then this problem will be solved.
       | 
       | Bike sharing systems basically cant function where bike helmets
       | are mandatory. Which is super interesting because how many people
       | really just ignore the bike helmet rule anyway?
       | 
       | >More exposure among vulnerable populations to unnecessary
       | interactions with police.
       | 
       | Police brutality is a huge problem for the USA. Not anyone else.
        
       | denton-scratch wrote:
       | One risk for cyclists from helmet-wearing is torque.
       | 
       | If you fall off and bang your head, the helmet will give you some
       | protection against a head injury (how much protection? Nobody
       | knows, because unlike motorcyle helmets, there are no standards).
       | 
       | But the helmet increases the width of your head, which means that
       | torque from the impact is more likely to injure your neck.
        
         | ben7799 wrote:
         | Everything about this is misinformation.
         | 
         | The neck torque thing constantly has been trotted out by anti-
         | helmet motoryclists and has never been shown to be real.
         | 
         | And there are many bicycle helmet standards, some of which are
         | very strict. CPSC, the European equivalents, SNELL bicycle
         | certifications, etc.. There are separate certifications for
         | bicycling disciplines with higher risk like BMX, Downhil/Enduro
         | mountain biking, etc.. as well.
         | 
         | The SNELL standards for bicycles don't require the same levels
         | of protection as motorcycle or car motorsports helmets but are
         | very strict in that they will go and buy helmets in the field
         | to hold the manufacturers honest. CPSC famously lets the
         | companies self-certify.
         | 
         | CPSC Standard:
         | https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/16/part-1203
         | 
         | SNELL Standards: https://smf.org/stds
         | 
         | EU Stanard (EN 1078):
         | https://www.helmetfacts.com/standards/en-1078/
        
       | jgalt212 wrote:
       | > More exposure among vulnerable populations to unnecessary
       | interactions with police.
       | 
       | Don't forget to leave out the obligatory reference to structural
       | racism.
        
       | trmsw wrote:
       | A better way to make cyclists and pedestrians safer would be more
       | stringent laws against dangerous car designs, and some
       | enforcement of the existing laws. We are starting to see US-style
       | monster pickups and SUVs here in Belgium and they are a fucking
       | abomination - far too large for city streets - and their extra
       | weight and height plus reduced visibility make them dangerous for
       | pedestrians and cyclists.
        
       | globular-toast wrote:
       | Imagine requiring non-smokers to wear respirators because passive
       | smoking is bad for you.
        
       | jiripospisil wrote:
       | I think the article and the arguments presented don't really make
       | much sense, but I do find interesting that it says the article
       | was published on Oct 5, 2022, yet there are comments going back
       | as far as November 2019.
        
         | taeric wrote:
         | The article seems clearly from 2020. It leads with a concern
         | over something from "last year" that is dated 2019.
         | 
         | On its topic, I was expecting to mostly disagree. That said,
         | the case is compelling. To condense, it is basically saying
         | don't turn it into a partisan conflict between riders and
         | police. That plays out in predictably bad ways for communities.
        
         | laborcontract wrote:
         | Good catch. This is a SEO trick they probably do every year to
         | convince google that their information is timely.
         | 
         | Edit: Yep.
         | https://web.archive.org/web/20220000000000*/https://www.bicy...
        
           | i_am_proteus wrote:
           | Is Google's search team really this naive? Google keeps
           | cached versions of sites it crawls. An algorithm to catch
           | these date changes would not be difficult to implement.
        
             | chrisbaker98 wrote:
             | It might not necessarily be about tricking Google's
             | algorithm. It could also be to make users stick around.
             | People might be less likely to read an article (and
             | potentially click another link on the site and generate
             | another ad impression) if see that the article is "old".
        
             | laborcontract wrote:
             | Most people make cursory updates to the body of the text as
             | well. Like my sibling comment said, updating the date also
             | helps your search engagement by showing a more recent date.
             | That said it's considered best practice to show the
             | original and updated date.
        
               | i_am_proteus wrote:
               | I think the entire point is that it shouldn't "help
               | search engagement" if it's an older article that's been
               | "updated for present year" just to game search results.
               | 
               | >cursory updates to the body of the text
               | 
               | Still pretty straightforward to algorithmically determine
               | if this has happened.
        
               | User23 wrote:
               | It's interesting that a search engine would choose to
               | encode recency bias.
        
               | hombre_fatal wrote:
               | Why would that be surprising? When people search for
               | something, they tend to want more recent info, more
               | recent coverage, more recently made lists, etc.
        
               | User23 wrote:
               | For some things sure. For others, for example recipes,
               | newer is not necessarily better.
        
           | goldcd wrote:
           | Yep - they're not quite keeping up though. Original 2019:
           | "the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) recommended
           | <i>last week</i>"
           | 
           | Then at some point it was <i>last year</i> - and they've just
           | left it like that for new next couple of years.
           | 
           | Only other real change is that the author used to work for
           | "Transportation Alternatives and Families for Safe Streets" -
           | and now doesn't.
        
       | jmount wrote:
       | I know one observation is just an anecdote, but my experience is
       | totally different.
       | 
       | 1) I had one fall from a bicycle in my 30s from a front axle
       | failure. My fault on not setting the quick release on the wheel
       | correctly. I had the good fortune to roll forward. My head
       | touched the ground, and I had no injury or concussion. My foam
       | (no outer shell) helmet had cracked. I think the impact "doing
       | work" on the helmet prevented a serious injury.
       | 
       | 2) I have never been injured by the helmet (dropped on my foot,
       | or not been able to see due to it).
        
         | pja wrote:
         | A helmet protects you by being crushed - it dissipates the
         | kinetic energy of your head in the process. They're not very
         | strong in tension at all - a cracked helmet is a helmet that
         | failed to do its job properly.
         | 
         | If it crushed first & then cracked then that's different of
         | course.
        
         | gernb wrote:
         | Do you wear a helmet when you walk? 800k people a year get
         | injuries from falling while walking. Would you be for a
         | mandatory walking helmet law?
        
         | josephcsible wrote:
         | You're confusing helmets with mandatory helmet laws.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | jmount wrote:
           | Ah, good point. Policy can be different than individual
           | actions.
        
       | olliej wrote:
       | My supervisor for my masters was vehemently anti-helmet. Not
       | anti-helmet law, anti _helmet_ - was so viscerally opposed to
       | them that he bought a tricycle to circumvent NZs mandatory helmet
       | law and then intentionally goaded police into writing tickets so
       | he could then say "the law says bicycle and this is a tricycle".
       | 
       | Note that every study has shown that wearing a helmet reduces the
       | likelihood of permanent injury, so while you can complain that
       | helmet laws are bad, this guy was an idiot and believed that the
       | act of wearing a helmet itself increased your likelihood of
       | injury.
        
       | Naijoko wrote:
       | This Articel is bullshit. Helmets make cyclist more safe. It only
       | reduces the total number of cyclist. And because of that there is
       | less investment in cycling infrastructure. But the scientific
       | articel they are linking to says following
       | 
       | " Do more people on bikes cause cycling to become safer, or does
       | safer infrastructure attract more people to bike? There's no
       | conclusive evidence either way, but the answer is probably a mix
       | of both. "
       | 
       | So full blown clickbait...
        
       | julius wrote:
       | Does not matter if it is more safe or not. It is typical
       | goverment overreach. Me wearing a helmet is no ones business but
       | my own. It has no effect whatsoever on anyone else in society.
        
         | taylodl wrote:
         | You're emphatically wrong. If we have an accident and you die
         | as a result of not wearing a helmet then your estate can file a
         | wrongful death lawsuit against me. If there was a helmet law in
         | place and you weren't wearing a helmet at the time of the
         | accident then your estate is going to have a much more
         | difficult time winning a wrongful death lawsuit. Your actions
         | have consequences for others and frankly it's rather childish
         | to try to pretend they don't.
        
         | peoplefromibiza wrote:
         | > It has no effect whatsoever on anyone else in society
         | 
         | If you die or not in an accident makes an enormous difference
         | in society, especially for the other people involved in the
         | accident.
        
         | SpeedilyDamage wrote:
         | Your brains splayed out on the concrete has an effect on my
         | child as she watches you die a gruesome death...
        
           | renewiltord wrote:
           | Is your child specifically sensitive to brains? If she sees
           | me lying at the end of a long red smear in a pool of blood
           | with my head intact, but with my leg ripped off and my other
           | limbs contorted into absurd positions, is she likely to have
           | no lasting effects.
           | 
           | Fascinating child.
        
         | ravenstine wrote:
         | A possible steel man for the opposite position could be that a
         | person hospitalized because of a preventable injury to the head
         | will be of a greater cost to society, and that the sacrifice of
         | personal liberty is outweighed by every dollar going towards
         | something more beneficial.
         | 
         | I'm not saying I totally agree with that, but I think it's an
         | argument that's rarely articulated, whereas the more reductive
         | argument of keeping everyone "safe" is almost always the
         | default.
        
       | charonn0 wrote:
       | It seems like they're really reaching to find ways to oppose
       | helmet laws on "safety" grounds. I discern that their opposition
       | to helmet laws has nothing to do with safety.
        
         | cbsmith wrote:
         | You'll note the criticism in this article goes beyond safety
         | grounds. The reason for the headline is patently obvious
         | though: if the sole intended _positive_ effect of the laws
         | doesn 't actually play out, then it's no longer a case of
         | weighing the positives vs. the negatives.
        
           | charonn0 wrote:
           | I noted that the criticism in the article attempts to frame
           | on safety grounds.
        
             | cbsmith wrote:
             | Yes. I point is that even if your motives have nothing to
             | do with safety, assuming you can make a credible argument,
             | it makes perfect sense that you'd attack the laws on
             | "safety" grounds, since the presumed positive safety effect
             | is really the only supporting argument for the laws.
             | 
             | tl;dr: if there was an oracle that could tell us
             | definitively that mandatory helmet laws don't improve
             | safety, I think we'd see mandatory helmet laws repealed
             | pretty much everywhere.
        
               | charonn0 wrote:
               | I don't think they've made a credible argument here. This
               | is true regardless of whether the arguments they raise
               | have merit otherwise (e.g. police interactions.)
               | 
               | People are well justified in looking at them askance for
               | their choice of framing device. It's manipulative and
               | dishonest, or at the very least comes off that way.
        
               | cbsmith wrote:
               | > I don't think they've made a credible argument here.
               | 
               | That seems irrelevant.
               | 
               | > People are well justified in looking at them askance
               | for their choice of framing device.
               | 
               | Yes, but I think, if you ask that question, you also have
               | to ask, "what would be the best way to frame this
               | article?" I don't think there's such an obviously better
               | answer.
               | 
               | > It's manipulative and dishonest, or at the very least
               | comes off that way.
               | 
               | A key argument of the article is that mandatory helmet
               | laws don't improve cyclist safety. I don't see how it is
               | dishonest to frame the article that way.
               | 
               | If you're looking to persuade someone to make a decision
               | you want them to make, it's usually best to speak to
               | their concerns, not your own. You can call that
               | manipulative if you want, but I think a lot of people
               | would just call it persuasive.
        
       | MagicMoonlight wrote:
       | "Seat belts make drivers less safe"
        
       | teddyh wrote:
       | A special case in the U.S. is that I've heard that car drivers
       | have an unusually large ire against cyclists. They see cyclists
       | as a stereotype; i.e. using a racing bicycle, wearing spandex,
       | going dangerously fast around both people and cars, not
       | respecting traffic laws, and, crucially, _wearing helmets_. If
       | you are biking using a normal bicycle, while wearing normal
       | street clothes, but _are_ wearing a helmet, this might make
       | drivers associate you with the stereotype and therefore feel safe
       | in hating you and your bicycle. You have changed from "a normal
       | person on a bicycle" to the dreaded _cyclist_. If this is so,
       | then it might be that the helmet in fact did _not_ make you any
       | safer, on balance.
        
       | balls187 wrote:
       | Pronto didn't fail due to mandatory helmets.
        
       | lajosbacs wrote:
       | I wear a helmet, laws or not. But when I occasionally don't, I
       | notice that I am way more careful, e.g. more mindful of a curb
       | with a metal post that I ride by.
       | 
       | I wonder if this effect is permanent, if I would stop wearing a
       | helmet forever.
        
         | ZanyProgrammer wrote:
         | Being more mindful won't protect your brain if you do get in an
         | accident without a helmet. If the effect as permanent, why wear
         | helmets at all? This is all galaxy freakonomics brain shit.
        
       | up2isomorphism wrote:
       | The cyclists have been the most blatant traffic violators for
       | quite a while in the city. Ik any day if someone is running a red
       | light it is likely a cyclists.
       | 
       | Now this type of article is just a another way of presenting such
       | a mentality.
        
         | smcin wrote:
         | No, and your individual experience (which country/state/city?)
         | doesn't necessarily prove anything: minor violations by
         | cyclists don't _necessarily_ imply any reduction to other
         | people 's safety, totally unlike violations by
         | cars/trucks/buses. They often simply mean the regulation
         | doesn't make sense or can safely be ignored (we're all aware of
         | some regulations for motorists being ignored or under-
         | prosecuted.)
         | 
         | Extremely relevant example: many jurisdictions in the US have
         | or are looking at legalizing so-called _Idaho stop_ /rolling
         | stop [0], which allows cyclists to treat a stop sign as a yield
         | sign, and a red light as a stop sign. (Obviously they still
         | have to stop or yield to pedestrians crossing or about to
         | cross).
         | 
         | [0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idaho_stop
        
       | kriro wrote:
       | My cousin had a cycling accident where his helmet cracked in half
       | (pretty much) but the head was safe. He just slipped on some
       | leafs or ice or something so there wasn't even anyone else
       | involved. Ever since I saw that picture I'm religious about
       | wearing a helmet. Skulls crack folks, not rocket science. I mean
       | I don't need a law for that. I kind of like my life.
        
       | scelerat wrote:
       | If we're looking for effectively reducing injury across all
       | people, shouldn't we be working on mandatory helmet laws for
       | automobile occupants first?
       | 
       | Bicycle riders (in the US) are a small minority.
        
         | vorpalhex wrote:
         | Do you have any research that wearing a helmet in an automobile
         | saves people? Given that you have a full frame and airbags that
         | seems questionable.
        
           | seadan83 wrote:
           | I recall seeing similar research. On a phone, but could try
           | to dig up citations showing head injuries is significant
           | factor for mortality.
           | 
           | Eg: if it makes no sense, and airbags and frame are good
           | enough, why do they wear helmets in nascar? (Answer, the
           | helmet helps prevent head injuries when in a motor-vehicke
           | crash)
        
             | vorpalhex wrote:
             | NASCAR cars go a bit faster than mom goes on the freeway
             | (your mom goes about 70mph, NASCAR goes up to 200mph). They
             | also don't have airbags as they have helmets and four point
             | harnesses.
        
         | Eric_WVGG wrote:
         | More people have head injuries in showers than on bicycles.
         | Furthermore, the focus on helmets makes it sound as though head
         | injuries were the only -- or even primary -- threat that
         | cyclists face.
        
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