[HN Gopher] Effects of grill patterns on fan performance/noise (...
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       Effects of grill patterns on fan performance/noise (2011)
        
       Author : yread
       Score  : 308 points
       Date   : 2022-09-21 10:50 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.pugetsystems.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.pugetsystems.com)
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | timmahoney wrote:
       | I put together a silent pc earlier this year and I'll never go
       | back. I had a Dell "new" XPS with 16 cores and 32GB on it, and
       | the fan for the laptop itself runs 80% of the time, and even the
       | docking station for it has a fan that runs pretty often. This
       | thing in contrast never makes a single sound.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | teekert wrote:
       | Interesting that "no grill" is always the most quiet, is there no
       | configuration possible (or has never been explored) where the air
       | flows in such a way that sound waves cancel each other out? I.e.,
       | even holes emit noise 1/2 phase changed from the uneven ones?
       | Would be a nice area of research. Perhaps it exists, I'm lazy
       | (some 5 mins of searching gave me nothing).
        
         | auxym wrote:
         | I'm aware of some research from my department, though not the
         | lab I work at:
         | 
         | https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ince/ncej/2013/000000...
         | 
         | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S00224...
         | 
         | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S00224...
         | 
         | They place specially shaped "obstructors" in fan ducts which
         | create destructive interference with some of the prominent
         | noise tones.
        
         | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
         | For passive noise cancellation you would need to add material
         | that absorbs/dampens sound, or you would create a
         | baffle/muffler of some sort. The only alternative I know of is
         | ANC.
         | 
         | This PC case fan (https://noctua.at/en/noctua_anc_project) is
         | designed for ANC. It generates the inverted signal inside the
         | fan.
        
         | n4bz0r wrote:
         | Not what you describe, but that reminds me. There are panels
         | that 'cancel' (some of) the noise by guiding the air through
         | foam channels. Had never heard of such thing before,
         | personally.
         | 
         | [0]: https://youtube.com/watch?v=tMLIzedVvH8&t=1031 (timestamp
         | included)
        
         | mannykannot wrote:
         | I'm just speculating here, but the grill is the source of the
         | additional noise, rather than something that attenuates noise
         | already present in the airflow. Therefore, to get two holes to
         | emit sound out of phase, the mechanism by which they generate
         | sound must be synchronized somehow.
         | 
         | One way that such synchronization can occur is by the blades
         | passing the holes, and I suppose that the high noise of the
         | 'turbine' grill is caused or exacerbated by the blades
         | alternately aligning with the holes and the ribs. I recently
         | learned that tire treads are made with a pseudo-randomized
         | block size, as with a same size all around the sounds each
         | makes as it contacts the road would be periodic, producing a
         | siren-like sound with a definite pitch.
         | 
         | The swirl pattern presumably mitigates this effect by having
         | little variation in the overall blade/rib alignment through one
         | revolution. There are also tire treads like this.
         | 
         | The difficulties of using interference in reducing fan noise
         | are that it becomes less effective the whiter the noise is, and
         | that destructive interference somewhere usually creates
         | constructive interference elsewhere else.
        
         | RobotToaster wrote:
         | I was wondering if a honeycomb laminar flow grid would make it
         | quieter.
        
       | robmiller wrote:
       | Acoustics consultant here. Its too bad there's no mention of
       | using a windscreen on the sound level meter, especially at 2 inch
       | distance. It would make sense if the mesh performed best, while
       | airflow was restricted nearly most if air rushing by the
       | microphone element was contributing to the level measured, and
       | not the noise of the fan itself.
        
         | roberthahn wrote:
         | I would have expected that you'd _want_ to factor in air noise
         | because humans don't only hear fan noise in their computers. Or
         | am I misunderstanding?
        
           | MengerSponge wrote:
           | You know how someone blowing in your ear makes more sound
           | than when you blow in someone else's ear? The airflow itself
           | can make sound from eddies and whatnot.
           | 
           | Most people don't put their ear next to a case fan to see if
           | it's annoying or not. You experience its sound from several
           | feet away, and the measurement should reflect that.
        
           | ehnto wrote:
           | I think they mean the excess noise of a volume of air moving
           | past your ear, which is due to the turbulence created while
           | air is passing over your ear and not the soundwaves being
           | transmitted by said volume of air.
           | 
           | Practically speaking no you wouldn't want to factor the
           | turbulence generated at the microphone because the user of
           | the computer wouldn't be hearing that.
        
         | larrik wrote:
         | They measured the intake side, though, so it was more of a
         | vacuum effect. Would a windscreen still make a difference in
         | that scenario?
        
           | oliveshell wrote:
           | I can't think of why not. The velocity might be lower, but
           | moving air is moving air.
        
             | robmiller wrote:
             | Yes, I agree. Inlet side is quieter than discharge for most
             | fan types (propeller, centrifugal, etc), but noise due to
             | air movement are on both sides.
        
         | joshuahutt wrote:
         | What a cool and fascinating job you must have.
        
           | robmiller wrote:
           | Hey thanks. Yes, esoteric enough to keep it interesting day
           | to day. I mostly work with architects and design engineers to
           | coordinate quiet building systems and good interior acoustics
           | --projects anywhere from K-12 to major performing arts
           | centers to commercial offices, including some of your US
           | offices...
           | 
           | On that point, I feel everyone's collective pain on the
           | situation with open offices. I don't have the power to avoid
           | them, so the best I can do is advocate for getting the
           | signal-to-noise problem solved right.
        
             | Darkphibre wrote:
             | Thank you so much for what you do.
        
             | nomel wrote:
             | > signal-to-noise problem solved right.
             | 
             | One evening, I was sitting alone in the eating area of a
             | very high end office, and noticed a whooshing sound coming
             | from the top edge of the room. I thought it was maybe some
             | air vent, but there was no wind outside. I stuck my phone
             | camera up behind the front lip of a shelf and saw a set of
             | speakers. They were playing something close to brown noise!
             | 
             | And, I learned about sound masking [1]. So, apparently
             | there's two ends to be avoided, in the signal-to-noise
             | problem!
             | 
             | 1. https://cambridgesound.com/learn/sound-masking-101/
        
               | robmiller wrote:
               | There are various factors:
               | 
               | 1. Partitions around workspaces create a modest barrier
               | effect, not so much realizable for your nearest neighbors
               | but those more distant. No one installs partitions up to
               | 48" or 52" but you have to at least break line of sight
               | to the noisemaker to realize any improvement. This
               | reduces signal.
               | 
               | 2. Acoustically absorptive ceilings avoid the overhead
               | reflection that would be the next cue to an occupant. The
               | partition comes first, but this is second. Another signal
               | reducer.
               | 
               | 3. Background noise, whether a consistent HVAC system or
               | sound masking system raises the noise floor of the
               | environment. We have a pretty good sense of what level is
               | acceptable to most people, but there will always be those
               | with sensitivities. The noise is usually pink noise with
               | some EQ to sound like HVAC air distribution.
               | Unfortunately there has to be some treble in the noise
               | signal to reduce the consonants of speech, which can be
               | more annoying.
               | 
               | You won't make nearby co-workers inaudible, but the hope
               | is that those 20 ft or so further will be less
               | problematic. For inaudibility you have to get S/N to
               | around -10 dB, that's a noise floor of 10 dB higher than
               | the source, which is only realizable with walls at least
               | to the ceiling.
        
             | lelandfe wrote:
             | I adore how diverse the HN audience is.
        
       | whyoh wrote:
       | Related: "How do different fan mesh patterns affect fan and
       | chassis airflow?"
       | 
       | https://www.silverstonetek.com/en/tech-talk/wh_chessis
        
       | drgiggles wrote:
       | The point of a grill is to block dust and debris, which
       | presumably I want. Otherwise I would just not use one and my fans
       | would be the quietest and cool most effectively. What is the
       | trade-off between the two metrics sited and effectiveness of each
       | type of grill at its intended purpose?
        
         | kqr wrote:
         | I think the purpose of the grill on a computer is not so much
         | about dust and smaller debris as it is about (a) protecting
         | user fingers against fan bites, and (b) protecting the fan
         | against bigger pokey things that could damage the fan blades or
         | jam the fan.
        
           | Grimburger wrote:
           | I have a large fan at home that I remove the front protector
           | from because it gets dirty often and is quieter.
           | 
           | My young nephew shoves his hand it in all the time for fun
           | with zero harm.
        
             | somehnguy wrote:
             | On the flip side, a few of my hobbies include devices where
             | the fans are usually exposed - and I've cut myself a
             | handful of times because of it.
             | 
             | It's very size/shape/rpm dependent.
        
             | mellavora wrote:
             | zero harm to him or to the blade?
        
             | jabroni_salad wrote:
             | Big fans are at a relatively low RPM, and household fans
             | might be made with kids sticking their fingers in them in
             | mind. I've got a little noisy desk fan with metal blades in
             | it that I would prefer not to take my chances with. I've
             | also cut myself on my RC Plane's props a few times.
        
             | Sarkie wrote:
             | "It doesn't affect me, so it cannot be an issue"
        
           | gigaflop wrote:
           | In super small form factor PCs, sometimes you use a fan
           | grille on the _inside_ , to make sure that wires, etc on the
           | interior don't get caught in the fan.
        
           | drgiggles wrote:
           | hmm, I always assumed there was some other benefit. I'm
           | taking all mine off. Seems pretty easy to not ram my finger
           | in it.
        
             | zamadatix wrote:
             | No roaming pets or children I take it :p.
             | 
             | Debris are usually covered by a foam filter in front of the
             | fans (if at all). I'll usually take that off though and
             | just clean it every once in a while.
        
               | drgiggles wrote:
               | No, I comment on posts about pc fan grills at 6am...I'm
               | single :)
        
               | wffurr wrote:
               | That's exactly the kind of thing I do in the morning over
               | coffee in those quiet few minutes before the children are
               | up. Rest assured that you can still continue to comment
               | on obscure tech minutiae at odd hours of the morning.
        
       | MichaelCollins wrote:
       | I think grills on plastic bladed fans are an anachronism. Most
       | fan blades used to be metal (some still are) and those can likely
       | hurt you badly if you stick your finger in the blades. Plastic
       | fan blades came later, but by that time people expected fans to
       | come with blade guards so they do, even though they now serve no
       | practical purpose. I can stop my plastic-bladed box fan by
       | flicking my pinky finger between the blades and it doesn't even
       | leave a bruise. But I leave the fan guard on my metal bladed
       | lasko, I think that fan might cut my finger off if I tried the
       | same trick. Those metal fan blades are fairly sharp and have a
       | lot more momentum.
        
         | Heyso wrote:
         | Sharp blades, hot radiator, equipped for cooking.
        
         | sbierwagen wrote:
         | >I can stop my plastic-bladed box fan by flicking my pinky
         | finger between the blades and it doesn't even leave a bruise.
         | 
         | I might be misreading this. Are you saying you can stop a
         | running box fan, powered on, force being applied to the
         | impeller by the electric motor, with your pinky?
        
         | liminalsunset wrote:
         | I think it's always a good practice to exercise caution and
         | respect for mechanical and electrical devices, no matter how
         | low the perceived risk may be. While standards exist for e.g.
         | voltage or current under which the relative risk is reduced,
         | careless operation of even low-energy systems may at best
         | damage the equipment, or at worst result in injury. It also
         | tends to lead to the normalization of dangerous practices,
         | which transfer to dangerous situations.
         | 
         | PC fans are surprisingly dangerous.
         | 
         | So much so, that Dell and HP are forced to put a little
         | triangle "warning!! fan!" sticker next to the fan in a laptop.
         | 
         | Okay, maybe not. In the case of the blower fans, you are more
         | of a danger to the fan than it is to you. Touching the thin
         | blades while operating is often enough to snap some or all of
         | them off the hub.
         | 
         | On normal axial fans, DIY PC market fans are often
         | underpowered, at 0.1-0.2A at 12 volts. This isn't a lot of
         | power, and the rotation speed is low and as you have found, not
         | very dangerous.
         | 
         | However, outside of the DIY PC market, even in any PSU, fans
         | are often rated at 0.3 A, and the average graphics card fan is
         | rated 0.6 A. Once you get into the several watts territory, the
         | fan is capable of operating at 3000+ RPM. On OEM PCs, 80-90mm
         | CPU fans are rated at like 0.9-2.5A. In servers, fans up to 4A
         | are common. These operate at 10,000 RPM or more.
         | 
         | The reason you do not hear about this is because most systems
         | oversize the fan and run it at a low speed to reduce noise, but
         | keep that machine that is choking in dust running at full speed
         | so the factory floor doesn't halt or something. I have seen
         | Dells in these kinds of situations where nobody will clean the
         | PC in 20 years, but it has to, and does, keep trucking. These
         | kinds of fans produce robot vacuum cleaner territory of static
         | pressure, up to many inches of water column at 250 CFM.
         | 
         | These kinds of fans are extremely dangerous. China/AliExpress
         | calls them "high speed violence fans" for a reason. The motor
         | hubs are usually made of steel in higher powered ones, and the
         | stall torque is high. The blades have a swept, sharpened tip
         | made of glass fiber reinforced plastic, and the blade assembly
         | carries several hundred grams to kilograms of inertial force.
         | These fans will mangle fingers. When I was very young and
         | inexperienced, [warning graphic], I caught my finger on the
         | sharp tip of a 90mm fan from a Dell while it was spinning down.
         | In a separate incident, I also managed to touch a Intel stock
         | cooler on full speed, and the blade got caught under my
         | fingernail.
         | 
         | Always use a suitable fan guard or safety equipment when
         | testing cooling fans or working around them. The more powerful
         | fans will take off chunks of your fingers, and even a tame
         | seeming fan can quickly speed up to dangerous power levels
         | without notice when the system controller senses a case open,
         | fan failure, or high ambient situation.
        
       | kqr wrote:
       | What can explain the case where there's more air moving out the
       | exhaust side than being sucked up the intake side?
        
         | mannykannot wrote:
         | The airflow into a fan is in response to the low pressure
         | created by the blades, an so will approach over a wide angle.
         | The outflow, however, is initially strongly biased to a
         | direction perpendicular to the plane of the blades (together
         | with some swirl imparted by the blades.) Because of this, the
         | anemometer shown is likely to intercept a larger fraction of
         | outflow than the inflow.
         | 
         | Maybe the swirl will also have an effect, depending on whether
         | the fan blades and anemometer blades rotate in the same or
         | opposite directions.
        
         | danuker wrote:
         | Coanda effects might drag air from somewhere else, not just
         | from the intake.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coand%C4%83_effect
         | 
         | Edit: I see the tester used an anemometer, which measures just
         | the air moving THROUGH the anemometer.
         | 
         | If the exhaust is smaller than the intake, then air will move
         | at a higher speed through the exhaust. Thus the anemometer will
         | show a higher reading.
        
           | lupire wrote:
           | It has to come from _somewhere_ , by conservation of mass.
        
             | danuker wrote:
             | Indeed. I was thinking it's from some other holes of a non-
             | airtight case. But actually, the mass conservation happens
             | through air around the anemometer (i.e. air not getting
             | measured, but still moving).
        
             | Scoundreller wrote:
             | Evaporation and gas formation of the electrolytic capacitor
             | goop comes to mind :)
        
       | Neil44 wrote:
       | I remember back in 2000 ish I worked in R&D of a PC manufacturer
       | and had to check the new PSUs and cases with a 'Test Finger' to
       | make sure all the holes were small enough. The test finger was
       | really expensive IIRC.
       | 
       | I also had to strap a full CRT PC to a table that rotated through
       | various axies to measure the EMI/RFI coming from the complete
       | setup while it was running and every now and then the straps
       | would slip and the whole thing would crash down and make a big
       | bang and a mess. Good times.
        
         | zh3 wrote:
         | BSI standard for test finger appears to have been withdraw [0]
         | in favour of EIC standards. You can still get test fingers on
         | Amazon though [1].
         | 
         | [0] https://knowledge.bsigroup.com/products/standard-test-
         | finger...
         | 
         | [1] https://www.amazon.co.uk/GOWE-IEC61032-IEC60529-Probe-
         | Finger...
        
         | auxym wrote:
         | We often use stepped "reach gauges" for machine guards used in
         | manufacturing and such:
         | https://www.mcmaster.com/gauges/machine-guard-safety-gauges/
         | Not too expensive though.
        
         | Sohcahtoa82 wrote:
         | ...
         | 
         | Why was the "test finger" so expensive? What was it made of?
         | 
         | Why not just use a $3 wooden dowel rod from Home Depot?
        
           | Neil44 wrote:
           | Maybe they just told me that to stop me loosing it all the
           | time!
        
           | JohnFen wrote:
           | Very likely they just wanted or needed certification-level
           | accuracy. A wooden dowel would be very inaccurate for a bunch
           | of reasons, including that its dimensions will change with
           | humidity.
           | 
           | Test fingers and the like are very expensive because of the
           | serious precision they have to be machined to, and are made
           | of expensive materials to minimize dimensional changes the
           | result from environmental variations and use.
        
             | JohnBooty wrote:
             | I imagine they're small manufacturing runs as well. How
             | many ISO-certified test fingers do they sell per year? Adds
             | to the cost.
        
           | queuebert wrote:
           | You can buy small stainless steel cylindrical gauges accurate
           | to 0.0001" for not much more than that.
        
           | Kon-Peki wrote:
           | All that cost savings goes out the window the first time you
           | get sued ;)
           | 
           | But also keep in mind that test fingers are used for more
           | than just seeing if it can poke through a screen.
           | 
           | Way way way back when I worked in the auto supplier industry,
           | we needed to test to make sure the auto-up windows and auto-
           | closing minivan doors would actually not cut your
           | finger/hand/leg off. We always used pencils as a first try.
           | They break a lot easier than a dowel rod of the same
           | diameter. If we were happy with the results, we'd get out the
           | test finger. If it looked a little iffy, we'd suggest that
           | the engineers should use their own fingers if they were
           | really confident in their work.
        
       | once_inc wrote:
       | I just realized that my Synology DS218play NAS is so loud because
       | of the fan grill at the back. Too bad I can't easily remove it...
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | Looks like it's nothing some pliers or a dremel can't handle.
         | Also if it's the one I'm seeing on an image search, it looks
         | like the grill at the back is of the mesh variant - it's
         | plastic, molded in a rounded-off fashion. There's probably some
         | tweaks you can do, if it stays cool enough, lower the fan speed
         | or make it dynamic depending on temperature.
        
           | neilv wrote:
           | Additionally, replacing the fan itself with a quieter one can
           | also help. Image search for "synology noctua" shows this is a
           | thing (and looks like some of them are just removing the
           | grills altogether).
        
           | n4bz0r wrote:
           | Not quite sure you'd have to get down and dirty like that.
           | Here is a video of a (seemingly) similar model where a guy
           | simply unscrews the grill without even opening the case:
           | 
           | https://youtube.com/watch?v=lBaeK5ry-aM&t=30s
        
       | nemacol wrote:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1L2ef1CP-yw
       | 
       | Matthias has an interesting video that is tangentially related
       | talking about the distance of a fan to a window and air flow.
       | While watching I was wondering how this interacts with PC case
       | fans and if they are losing a lot of performance by being
       | directly against the case.
        
       | Sohcahtoa82 wrote:
       | As someone with three long-haired cats, Mesh is my only option
       | unless I want to take on a monthly task of removing fur from all
       | the fans.
        
       | flybrand wrote:
       | The author doesn't consider % void volume / aka 'open-ness' of
       | the grill. (Or if they did, I missed it.)
       | 
       | I'd predict the most open to Have the least resistance, which
       | would give the least noise.
        
         | mannykannot wrote:
         | An engineer wishing to design a quieter or more efficient fan
         | may be interested in developing a model in which 'open-ness' is
         | a factor, but as a user, I am primarily interested in firstly
         | creating the required airflow quietly, and secondly
         | efficiently. For my concerns, direct measurements are more
         | valuable than indirect ones.
         | 
         | The author did not compare the grills at specific airflows, but
         | the information is still useful.
        
         | teekert wrote:
         | I predict that is a large impact of laminar vs turbulent flow,
         | which is not really an intuitive thing to reason about. But it
         | could be that a more closed but weirdly shaped grill is better
         | than a more open configuration? I'm not an expert, just have
         | some experience with microfluidics, back in the day.
        
       | omega3 wrote:
       | I think a more interesting question would be whether the design
       | actually makes any difference or if the airflow just depends on
       | the free/unobstructed area.
        
       | jansan wrote:
       | The difference of 5 to 15dbA is quite a big deal, as 10dBA higher
       | values are roughly perceived as "twice as loud".
        
       | donut wrote:
       | Love this:
       | 
       | > Always look at the date when you read a hardware article. Some
       | of the content in this article is most likely out of date, as it
       | was written on September 19, 2011.
       | 
       | Not only do they have a date on the article (and many posts in
       | recent years simply don't), but they draw your attention to it
       | because it's long ago.
       | 
       | It's such a small but important detail. Instantly increases my
       | trust for the company.
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | I actually came to complain about that warning. Why does it
         | exist? These are just experimental observations. They are valid
         | forever. Many of the thermodynamics texts I needed at
         | university traced their first editions to the 19th century.
         | They didn't come with weird disclaimers.
        
           | robertlagrant wrote:
           | It's not weird, and it's not a disclaimer! Many articles I
           | come across online don't have a date on them.
        
           | rtkwe wrote:
           | You're comparing fundamental laws of physics to consumer
           | product interactions. PC fan design is not static on the
           | quiet end and neither are grill designs though they're less
           | fluid. The interaction between them matters though for the
           | kinds of changes and noise they're trying to measure.
        
           | TehCorwiz wrote:
           | While this is broadly true it does ignore some interesting
           | developments in CPU fans. Ten years ago fan sizes were
           | smaller and blade designs less differentiated. Now, there are
           | fans optimized for air flow for air cooled systems and fans
           | optimized for static pressure for cooling radiators in water
           | cooled systems. This opens up a whole bunch of questions
           | which may obsolete these results.
           | 
           | Does the change and differentiation in fan blade design have
           | implications for grill interference noise with regards to
           | this data? Do fans that are optimized for flow versus those
           | for pressure behave the same? Do 80mm, 120mm, and 140mm all
           | have the same grill noise characteristics?
        
             | whyoh wrote:
             | Anecdotal, but even with the new fans, stamped out grills
             | still perform poorly in terms of noise. They're popular
             | because they're cheap.
             | 
             | I'd gladly pay $10 more for a PC case with a less noisy
             | grill, but I can't find any that has this, not even ones
             | that are advertised as "silent".
        
               | rtkwe wrote:
               | It's a pretty easy mod if you really want to swap to wire
               | grills. 10 minutes with a dremel and 10 more to make it
               | look ok again and you can have a completely open fan
               | mount.
        
           | npteljes wrote:
           | I suspect it's the feature of the website engine. I have seen
           | it on other websites as well - it just appends this
           | disclaimer, after a preset amount of time.
        
             | Karliss wrote:
             | Yes few clicks looking at other articles on that website
             | confirm that they show that warning for all posts older
             | than ~1 year. Makes sense for a blog focusing mostly on
             | latest computer hardware and software benchmarks which can
             | get outdated quit quickly.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | hedora wrote:
           | Well, for one thing, the once-excellent model of fan they
           | picked aged as well as an avocado green Chevy Nova with a
           | rusted out coffee can muffler:
           | 
           | https://graphicscardhub.com/best-silent-pc-fans/
        
             | elabajaba wrote:
             | That list is terrible. They clearly didn't do any testing
             | and just copied off the spec sheet, and ignored what
             | enthusiasts actually recommend as good fans in 2022
             | (Corsair fans are terrible, Arctic F12 instead of P12,
             | etc).
        
             | afterburner wrote:
             | Weird, I remember Noctua fans being really good ten years
             | ago too. Choosing Antec feels like a deliberately mid-range
             | choice, but I don't remember how they were thought of back
             | then.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | SilasX wrote:
         | Okay, but also keep proper perspective. 2011 is not some kind
         | of ancient history in the domain of fluid mechanics and fan
         | design.
         | 
         | Reminds me of the time some Rust advocates insisted 2016 was an
         | era before programmers were aware of the concepts of
         | abstraction and separation of concerns:
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19109418
        
           | NavinF wrote:
           | Linked thread shows you getting schooled. You used a crappy
           | library that died before it ever made it to version 1.0, a
           | mistake that everyone makes at least once.
           | 
           | On topic: This article was written by an SI (system
           | integrator). 2011 is ancient history as far as PC hardware
           | goes. Eg today's fans are a lot more efficient at the same
           | price point and most enthusiasts need a lot more static
           | pressure for radiators.
        
           | anamexis wrote:
           | The link seems to be you just constructing that straw man,
           | with no one insisting on those things at all.
        
             | SilasX wrote:
             | I said the problem was that the function calls didn't obey
             | well-understood practices for abstraction.[1]
             | 
             | Responses defend it on the grounds that it was a long time
             | ago, i.e. 2016.
             | 
             | Where's the straw man?
             | 
             | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19109093
        
               | anamexis wrote:
               | Where does anyone insist that "2016 was an era before
               | programmers were aware of the concepts of abstraction and
               | separation of concerns"?
        
               | SilasX wrote:
               | Like I just said, the part where they insist my
               | expectations of that library where too high because it
               | was 2016, and my expectation was that it obeyed proper
               | abstraction.
        
               | anamexis wrote:
               | I don't see anyone insisting on that, either.
        
           | 411111111111111 wrote:
           | I don't think linking to that comment favours your point,
           | honestly.
           | 
           | > _Rust 1.0 was just released and the ecosystem was mostly
           | maturing at that point. You 're talking about version 0.2.36
           | of a library that had been in development for less than two
           | years during a quite tempestuous time in Rust._
        
             | SilasX wrote:
             | And like I said at the time, that would excuse failure on
             | some edge case. It wouldn't excuse the thing I was actually
             | criticizing, that "the calls for common functions require
             | you to specify low-level implementation details that don't
             | matter to you". That's the kind of thing the typical
             | software dev gets right when designing the function,
             | because abstraction was _very well understood in 2016_.
             | 
             | It's not something they would only figure out after fixing
             | the thousandth bug.
        
           | duskwuff wrote:
           | > 2011 is not some kind of ancient history in the domain of
           | fluid mechanics and fan design.
           | 
           | But it is for most of the other articles this site publishes
           | about consumer computer hardware, like the two that were
           | published surrounding this one ([1], [2]). This article just
           | happens to be an exception.
           | 
           | [1]: https://www.pugetsystems.com/labs/articles/Product-
           | Qualifica...
           | 
           | [2]: https://www.pugetsystems.com/labs/articles/Product-
           | Qualifica...
        
           | AaronFriel wrote:
           | Is Rust on topic here?
        
       | Spooky23 wrote:
       | This is really cool!
       | 
       | Measuring something as that nobody even thinks about or realizes
       | is there, and finding an actual big difference in performance is
       | always a delightful discovery to me.
        
       | userbinator wrote:
       | Interesting to see the classic wire grill at the top. All PC PSUs
       | used to have them, but I guess cost reduction took over.
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | At least the slightly upmarket ones still use a wire grill on
         | the intake, where the fan resides.
        
       | ehnto wrote:
       | The real secret to a quiet PC is not running the fans until
       | absolutely necessary. My PC is silent 95% of the the time,
       | because of massive heatsinks, good venting, and a lack of silicon
       | sympathy, I can tune the fans to only come on at 90th percentile
       | temps.
        
         | whyoh wrote:
         | The _other_ main source of PC noise nowadays is coil whine.
         | That one is harder to deal with, because it 's often down to
         | just luck (and that's because companies apparently don't care
         | enough to solve this problem during production).
        
       | peanut_worm wrote:
       | Didn't think it would make such a big difference. I am also
       | surprised the mesh was so quiet, I would have assumed it would
       | have been the loudest.
        
       | londons_explore wrote:
       | "Wire" is effectively the air passing around a cylinder.
       | 
       | There is a lot of information about airflow around cylinders. Eg
       | [1]. The top left diagram should be the one that applies with
       | small diameters and the kind of airflow rates in a PC fan.
       | 
       | I would guess that all the other shapes have micro-scale sharp
       | edges that leave vortexes which both slow the flow down and make
       | noise.
       | 
       | [1]: https://i.ytimg.com/vi/pW0JfEBE9h8/maxresdefault.jpg
        
         | jongala wrote:
         | I agree, it feels like a missed opportunity to not explore
         | this. I'd love to see an analysis of the swirl design (or other
         | commonly used manufacturer patterns), with the edges rounded or
         | beveled on the intake face, exhaust face, or both.
         | 
         | Like, even on cut or stamped grills, how much could performance
         | be improved by e.g. sandblasting the finished piece from one or
         | both sides and taking down the edges a bit?
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | The wire is only _just_ laminar flow... I found a random PC
           | fan and assumed a 1mm wire diameter, 2.3m /s airflow, and the
           | reynolds number comes out at 36.
           | 
           | That tells me if you were to get a 1000x really powerful fan,
           | then the grille would start giving turbulent flow, and might
           | no longer perform the best.
           | 
           | Page with lots of details: http://labman.phys.utk.edu/phys221
           | core/modules/m8/turbulence....
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | I mean that's the main difference between the wire and all the
         | others, really; the wire is round metal, the others are shapes
         | stamped from flat metal.
         | 
         | That said, my current PC has plastic "angled slats" at the back
         | (outlet) and a honeycomb and mesh (filter) at the front, so it
         | could be quieter. I'll keep it in mind if I ever buy a new one.
         | I believe the wire one was the most common on older PCs (90's /
         | 2000's).
        
           | ridgered4 wrote:
           | I seem to recall the wire covers being on the IBM XT power
           | supply so I think they are the OG.
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | And 'stamped from flat metal' has a cross section of a
           | cuboid... And a cuboid is also the shape of a brick... And
           | there is that old expression... "As aerodynamic as a
           | brick...".
        
             | Darkphibre wrote:
             | Ah yes, just like the space shuttle. ;)
             | 
             | "They took a high-performance business jet, added extra
             | drag, and ran the engines in reverse to simulate a flying
             | manhole cover."
             | 
             | https://youtu.be/pfNQW4jToHE?t=340
        
         | carabiner wrote:
         | The problem is you have very messy flow originating from the
         | fan with a ton of swirl, so it is likely not like the top left
         | diagram and more like the bottom two. It's totally unsteady
         | flow, like in this CFD:
         | https://www.automotivetestingtechnologyinternational.com/wp-...
         | 
         | Wind tunnels use honeycomb flow straighteners to take care of
         | this.
         | 
         | A full blown analysis might use computational aeroacoustics
         | software that can calculate the noise generated from solid
         | geometry in a given flow. This field has advanced considerably
         | since when the article was published due to newer methods like
         | LBM. It'd be beyond the scope of journalism like this, but it
         | is no doubt done by companies with resources like Apple.
        
       | contravariant wrote:
       | Going from 36 to 50.2 dBa is not a 41.4% increase, you can't use
       | percentages with a relative scale.
       | 
       | Technically it's a 2530% increase, but that's silly because it
       | doesn't correspond to how people experience sound.
        
         | dwringer wrote:
         | Sorry if this is a nitpick, but by design, sound doubles in
         | perceived loudness (roughly) every 10dB, and dBa is a
         | calibrated version of dB which _is_ intended to correspond to
         | how people experience sound, so that increase is only around a
         | tenth of the figure you gave (although you 're absolutely right
         | that it's a lot higher than 41%).
        
           | martincmartin wrote:
           | Yes, but the zero point is arbitrary, so a percentage of dBa
           | is meaningless. You can say it's 14.2 dB louder, or 10^(1.42)
           | more energy, neither of which is very meaningful to the
           | average person.
        
             | mckirk wrote:
             | So then wouldn't it basically be 142% louder?
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | In that case 36 to 50 is well over twice as loud, right? So
           | while 2500% is wrong, 42% is clearly wrong as well. It's
           | closer to 130% (or 230% if you're not doing additive
           | percentages).
        
           | contravariant wrote:
           | I don't mind being nitpicked when I'm being pedantic. Indeed
           | you can (roughly) approximate perceived loudness that way,
           | but only the _absolute difference_ in dBa is meaningful,
           | looking at a relative difference in dB is meaningless.
        
             | LeifCarrotson wrote:
             | Rather than using percentages under the noise readings, it
             | would be much more useful to show the delta.
             | 
             | If the unguarded fan is at 35.5 dBa, and the turbine guard
             | is at 50.2 dBa, the delta is 14.7 dB. This is the same
             | increase in perceived noise as an unguarded 60 dBa fan and
             | a guard that raised the noise level to 74.7 dBa, not a
             | relative difference of 41% and 24.5%.
        
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