[HN Gopher] Embodied Carbon: The Dirty Secret of SSDs (8x More T...
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       Embodied Carbon: The Dirty Secret of SSDs (8x More Than HDD)
        
       Author : PaulHoule
       Score  : 25 points
       Date   : 2022-07-25 19:35 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (arxiv.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (arxiv.org)
        
       | kerblang wrote:
       | > digital data creation and consumption across the globe is snow
       | bowling
       | 
       | I think they meant "snowballing"
       | 
       | Snow bowling would be a cool sport though
        
       | Beltiras wrote:
       | Solution was discussed on HN the other day. The process by which
       | we displace putting more carbon in the air is quite well
       | understood and will be economically viable if we can bring down
       | and scale up energy production, cost by a little, production by a
       | lot. The article talked about solar but I'd put my money on
       | molten salt reactors for the energy production.
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | If you want to make that bet the world has provided you ample
         | opportunities.
         | 
         | https://www.google.com/finance/quote/GE:NYSE?comparison=SHE%...
         | 
         | A faster way would be to just light the money on fire, though.
        
         | hcarvalhoalves wrote:
         | It is unlikely miraculous new technology alone will solve
         | anything.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_effect_(conservation)
        
           | Beltiras wrote:
           | MSRs are neither new nor miraculous.
        
             | PaulHoule wrote:
             | See moltex
        
               | Beltiras wrote:
               | Was unaware. There's also Thorcon. They have a test plant
               | in Indonesia (under construction last I knew).
        
           | eikenberry wrote:
           | Sounds like this means it solved the problem of there not
           | being enough of it being to expensive. The rebound effect
           | doesn't mean it doesn't solve problems, it means you
           | misunderstood the problem.
        
       | golemotron wrote:
       | World population is going to peak by 2050. The problem will be
       | taking care of itself naturally at that point.
        
         | Cyberdog wrote:
         | Dare I ask, what is your source on this?
        
         | Swenrekcah wrote:
         | It will be to late by then if we don't start on the reduction
         | path now.
        
       | gumby wrote:
       | Does this include the fuel of transporting a terabyte of hard
       | drive vs a terabyte of flash?
        
       | mjb wrote:
       | Measured per gigabyte, which seems a little bit silly for a lot
       | of applications (especially server applications). For example, a
       | modern SSD can do as many random 4kB read IOs in a second as the
       | average hard drive can do in a week! So if you're IO bound, then
       | the cost is much much lower. Throughput is closer, but there's a
       | nearly 10x and increasing gap there too with modern NVMe devices.
       | 
       | If you're going to worry about SSD carbon footprint in servers,
       | you need to include those factors too. May server applications
       | are scaled on IO or throughput and not on storage, and its much
       | harder to solve IO and throughput problems with tiering than it
       | is to solve storage problems.
        
       | er4hn wrote:
       | FTA: Unfortunately, scaling technology can have a significant
       | environmental impact. Across the globe, most semiconductor
       | manufacturing use electricity that is generated from coal and
       | natural gas.
       | 
       | So the problem is the power plants in manufacturing environments.
       | It's not that SSDs are packed with carbon that pollutes the
       | environment when disposed of.
        
       | wmf wrote:
       | Two approaches:
       | 
       | A. Death by a thousand guilt trips
       | 
       | B. Tax carbon
       | 
       | Let's stop accounting and start actually greening.
        
         | lynndotpy wrote:
         | This paper makes recommendations other than guilt trips and
         | doesn't preclude carbon taxes.
         | 
         | From the abstract:
         | 
         | > First, this paper recommends directions that help select the
         | right medium of storage (SSD vs HDD). Second, this paper
         | proposes lifetime extension techniques for SSDs. Third, this
         | paper advocates for effective and efficient recycling and reuse
         | of high-density multi-level cell-based SSDs. Fourth,
         | specifically for hand-held devices, this paper recommends
         | leveraging elasticity in cloud storage.
         | 
         | This seema reasonable to me. I don't think this paper claims to
         | be much more than one item of research.
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | For real. The total global CO2 discussed here is less than 2%
         | of the CO2 from the light vehicle fleet of the U.S.A. alone.
         | Slap a price on carbon and let us choose whether we'd rather
         | spend our carbon budget on IOPS or car rides.
        
           | billfor wrote:
           | Do you think China and Russia will go along with that?
        
             | Arbortheus wrote:
             | Does it matter? When the EU adopted GDPR the rest of the
             | tech industry had to follow. If we introduce carbon levies
             | then processes will improve everywhere. It's more economic
             | to run one carbon efficient production line for everyone
             | than an efficient line for one market and an inefficient
             | line for another.
        
             | mc32 wrote:
             | One way if could work, if people were willing to put up
             | with side effects (price increases) would be to tie it in
             | to trade. Add import duties to imports that aren't carbon
             | taxed, take that tax and use it to further incentivize
             | alternate (non carbon emoting inputs).
        
           | toolz wrote:
           | In reasonably governed world this seems sensible. As it
           | stands we have handfuls of congress in the US regularly
           | beating all the hedge fund managers with their investments.
           | Not exactly a governing body that's overly concerned with
           | creating trust and protecting it's people. This doesn't even
           | touch on the countries that produce the vast majority of CO2
           | and don't seem to share as much popular sentiment as the west
           | for reducing their emissions.
        
           | Arbortheus wrote:
           | Honestly, the fact SSDs represent 2% of the USA's light
           | vehicle emissions is surprisingly high.
        
             | agumonkey wrote:
             | Indeed, that said I wonder if SSD latency reduction saved
             | enough power from non wasted cpu cycles.
        
               | Cyberdog wrote:
               | Or the power it takes to continuously spin hard drive
               | platters regardless of whether a data transfer is
               | actually happening. Or, as stated in another subthread,
               | the reduced energy usage per gigabyte involved in
               | transporting SSDs versus larger, heavier HDDs.
               | 
               | If we're going to stress the numbers this minutely, then
               | let's really stress them.
        
         | copx wrote:
         | SSDs are produced in China, most things are these days, and the
         | Chinese Communist Party certainly won't start taxing carbon..
         | 
         | So you could only add the tax to SSDs when they are sold in a
         | country where the government supports such taxes putting said
         | countries at a competitive disadvantage in a globalized
         | economy.
         | 
         | Furthermore how are you going to get an honest assessment of
         | the carbon footprint of their products out of the Chinese to
         | begin with?
         | 
         | The primary problem with reducing carbon emissions is that most
         | of the world is unwilling to.
        
           | parineum wrote:
           | Place a carbon import tariff on anything imported without a
           | carbon tax already imposed. Make that tariff 110% estimate of
           | carbon production.
        
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       (page generated 2022-07-25 23:02 UTC)