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Computer Science > Hardware Architecture

arXiv:2207.10793 (cs)
[Submitted on 8 Jul 2022]

Title:The Dirty Secret of SSDs: Embodied Carbon

Authors:Swamit Tannu, Prashant J. Nair
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    Abstract: Scalable Solid-State Drives (SSDs) have revolutionized
    the way we store and access our data across datacenters and
    handheld devices. Unfortunately, scaling technology can have a
    significant environmental impact. Across the globe, most
    semiconductor manufacturing use electricity that is generated
    from coal and natural gas. For instance, manufacturing a Gigabyte
    of Flash emits 0.16 Kg CO$_2$ and is a significant fraction of
    the total carbon emission in the system. We estimate that
    manufacturing storage devices has resulted in 20 million metric
    tonnes of CO$_2$ emissions in 2021 alone. To better understand
    this concern, this paper compares the sustainability trade-offs
    between Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) and SSDs and recommends
    methodologies to estimate the embodied carbon costs of the
    storage system. In this paper, we outline four possible
    strategies to make storage systems sustainable. First, this paper
    recommends directions that help select the right medium of
    storage (SSD vs HDD). Second, this paper proposes lifetime
    extension techniques for SSDs. Third, this paper advocates for
    effective and efficient recycling and reuse of high-density
    multi-level cell-based SSDs. Fourth, specifically for hand-held
    devices, this paper recommends leveraging elasticity in cloud
    storage.

Comments: In the proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Sustainable
          Computer Systems Design and Implementation (HotCarbon 2022)
Subjects: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR); Computers and Society
          (cs.CY)
Cite as:  arXiv:2207.10793 [cs.AR]
          (or arXiv:2207.10793v1 [cs.AR] for this version)
          https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2207.10793
          Focus to learn more
          arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

Submission history

From: Prashant Jayaprakash Nair [view email]
[v1] Fri, 8 Jul 2022 12:45:11 UTC (79 KB)
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