[HN Gopher] The last design you'll ever make
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The last design you'll ever make
        
       Author : bryanrasmussen
       Score  : 195 points
       Date   : 2022-01-19 09:45 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (interactionmagic.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (interactionmagic.com)
        
       | lisper wrote:
       | I recently had the unfortunate experience of attempting to
       | recycle a Sonicair toothbrush. The "disassembly" process to
       | extract the (dead) battery did not work as advertised, and I had
       | to attack the case with several additional implements of
       | destruction besides a hammer. I was shocked at how difficult it
       | was. There is absolutely no way that the average consumer is
       | going to succeed in extracting the battery, and so all those
       | toxic materials are going to end up in landfills. Unfortunately,
       | I've also tried many other electric toothbrushes and none of them
       | work as well as my Sonicair. So I'm left with the horrible choice
       | of either polluting the environment or settling for substandard
       | care for my teeth.
       | 
       | :-( :-( :-(
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | > There is absolutely no way that the average consumer is going
         | to succeed in extracting the battery, and so all those toxic
         | materials are going to end up in landfills.
         | 
         | Only if your country / region's waste processing sucks. There
         | are separate hand-in points for things like electronics, and
         | garbage should be sorted before yote into landfill to sort out
         | recyclables and toxins. I believe that they can't just put
         | chemical waste (e.g. batteries) into landfills in most
         | countries.
        
           | beerandt wrote:
           | Even the most basic municipal landfill is lined, capped, and
           | waterproofed such that even hazardous materials that might
           | end up there aren't "polluting the environment".
           | 
           | There are reasons to sort out certain waste, usually as a
           | precaution to chemical reactions, but not leeching, but its
           | mistaken to assume only "toxic" waste is isolated from the
           | environment,
           | 
           | The reason they are called "sanitary" landfills is that they
           | already safely contain concentrated sewage, and prevent it
           | from infiltrating water supplies.
        
       | TrailMixRaisin wrote:
       | The article links to the Billy disassembly instructions
       | (https://rabbitholeprodorch001.blob.core.windows.net/plugins/...)
       | 
       | I thought this a great idea until I have seen step 5. This step
       | is exactly the reason why I opened the document as every other
       | step is straight forward. "Just magically remove the 18 nails
       | that you hammered into the back." If you have ever tried to do
       | that you have noticed that this is hard to do without damaging
       | yourself or your furniture. On the same level the instructions
       | could tell me to remove the glue or unweld a seam.
       | 
       | The disassembly instructions are not more than the assembly in
       | descending order.
        
         | anamexis wrote:
         | To be fair, those are just little brads that just hold the
         | backing on, which is a step above cardboard. I think it
         | wouldn't be too hard to remove them with a nail puller while
         | keeping the front unblemished.
        
           | formerly_proven wrote:
           | Just use the backing as the nail puller, soft kick from
           | inside the cabinet does it just fine.
        
             | nemetroid wrote:
             | Haven't done this with a Billy in particular, but in my
             | experience flimsy backings give out before the nails do.
        
               | jandrese wrote:
               | Slip a putty knife between the backing and the nails and
               | use it to pry.
               | 
               | If the backing fails then you can remove the nails using
               | a pair of pliers but you'll need to find a new backing.
               | 
               | This of course assumes the person who assembled the
               | furniture originally didn't use glue on all of the joints
               | like I do. I've found that if you glue all of the joints
               | in a flat pack when building it the expected lifetime can
               | be improved by an order of magnitude or more, especially
               | if you're moving it around regularly. Seriously it is
               | night and day between the wobbly one you only followed
               | the directions on and completely solid one that's fully
               | glued.
        
         | baldeagle wrote:
         | Unwelding is just grinding out the weld and maybe some of the
         | other heat affected zone. It isn't super uncommon. Perhaps you
         | didn't have the right tool to remove the nails, or they had
         | just been freshly installed. Their grip strength in particle
         | board / chip board isn't that strong, and with just a little
         | play it is easy to slip a small pry bar under the head.
         | Something like the little one here will help a lot:
         | https://www.homedepot.com/p/Dasco-Pro-7-5-in-Ultra-Bar-II-wi...
        
       | jaqalopes wrote:
       | As an American I learned a lot from this article. The idea of
       | encouraging product design that is specifically repairable with
       | the same parts that went into it during the initial manufacturing
       | seems like an obviously great idea, but I know enough about
       | planned obsolescence to know why that isn't the world we live in.
       | The examples here about irreversible disassembly (breaking
       | things) was also eye opening. It makes perfect sense but I had
       | never considered or really noticed this phenomenon. Of _course_
       | it should be possible to take an electric toothbrush completely
       | apart and recycle the components, but that 's often so difficult
       | that the entire thing gets thrown away, wasting all the
       | components, recyclable or not.
       | 
       | I am sensitive to environmental problems but hadn't ever really
       | thought about it at the level of these products, thinking such
       | waste was just an inevitable feature of Capitalism. I'm very
       | heartened to learn that there is a legislative effort in the EU,
       | however nascent, to try and change these patterns and create a
       | better future through design. I will never think about "right to
       | repair" the same way again.
        
         | ajuc wrote:
         | I remember watching a video by industry insider taking apart
         | Tesla and VW electric motors and comparing them. And he was
         | constantly complaining that VW uses too many bolts and screws
         | where they could make snap-in connections that are cheaper and
         | less likely to vibrate loose.
         | 
         | Like there wasn't even a thought in his mind that making it
         | possible to disassemble and reassemble an engine is a good
         | thing.
        
       | Taywee wrote:
       | I've been using some Leopold mechanical keyboards for 10 years
       | now. I've had one dead keyswitch and one chattering one, and both
       | were extremely easy replacements, needing just a little bit of
       | soldering.
       | 
       | I've been preaching this exact thing for a long time. Little
       | annoys me more than a design that is not repairable.
       | 
       | As an aside, Osterreich has two R's, and "Osterreich Post" isn't
       | inflected correctly, and would more likely be something like
       | "Osterreichische Post" (depending on the context, but mixing
       | languages makes inflection weird).
        
       | wand3r wrote:
       | Kind of an aside, but can anyone recommend an online (preferably
       | free) product/industrial design class? I am interested in
       | learning about making a physical product, something like
       | furniture or small consumer goods. Just curious but havent found
       | a good one on edx or the like yet...
        
       | disruptiveink wrote:
       | My issue with most repair jobs as a hobbyist who can do amateur
       | level of soldering is, oddly enough, stripped screws. No matter
       | what I'm trying to do and despite my best efforts, there's a very
       | high chance of me stripping a screw, which is something that can
       | happen in seconds and then either becomes very hard to recover or
       | impossible. At some point, I either have leave it alone or
       | destroy the casing altogether.
       | 
       | They show a Playstation 3 controller in the article, which is
       | actually easy to get into... if you don't strip the screws. Just
       | a few seconds of using a PH0 bit instead of the required PH00 the
       | other day lost me a controller that probably could have been
       | saved. Is this a case of bad tools? I can definitely believe that
       | when tackling rusty, big screws: larger and higher quality
       | screwdrivers with good grips definitely made the difference for
       | me in the past. But for precision jobs, I have no clue what I'm
       | doing wrong. I was using an iFixit driver kit for this job. How
       | do you avoid this? Do you absolutely have to know the exact bit
       | to use for every screw beforehand? Is just guessing "eh, this
       | looks about right" just asking for trouble?
       | 
       | The much maligned in right-to-repair circles Torx and Apple
       | pentalobe screws are actually great for me. Never in my life I
       | ruined one of those, where sometimes I feel like I damage one out
       | of five Philips or flat head screws I attempt to unscrew.
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | Torx are really good screws actually, I believe you can apply
         | more torque to them without stripping them and they're a staple
         | in any repair kit these days.
         | 
         | Similarly I have screws (and adapters) in my toolkit that look
         | a bit like torx, they inspire me with a lot more confidence
         | than Philips heads.
         | 
         | And my TV is mounted to the wall with 8cm deep screw-bolts.
         | That one didn't come with any tools, but we have a set of
         | ratchet bolt thingymajigs that did the job just fine. My drill
         | bit just was a little too short and the hole was on the wonk so
         | it still took far longer than I would like, but, lessons
         | learned.
        
           | beerandt wrote:
           | Torx and starheads are great for things like soft wood, but
           | too much torque screwing into metal or plastic is going to
           | crack the casing or strip the threads or hole instead of the
           | head.
           | 
           | Similarly they work well for bolt applications with a lock
           | washer or other point of weakness to handle over tightening.
           | 
           | Torx screws really should be used with a driver with an
           | adjustable torque setting, which is pretty standard on most
           | cordless drivers now, but rare for manual ones.
        
             | frosted-flakes wrote:
             | FYI, Phillips screwdrivers are often referred to as "star"
             | in my experience by average people. Best to just use the
             | proper terms.
        
               | beerandt wrote:
               | >FYI, Phillips screwdrivers are often referred to as
               | "star" in my experience by average people.
               | 
               | FYI, that's wrong. The proper generic term for Phillips,
               | Frearson, Posidrive, and similar is cruciform or cross
               | drive, not star.
               | 
               | >Best to just use the proper terms.
               | 
               | "Star drive" _is_ the proper generic term inclusive of
               | the trademarked Torx, its security Torx version, and
               | similar 6-sided drivers.
               | 
               | Just as Robertson is a tradename for a type of square
               | drive.
               | 
               | A quick search seems to only list Phillips as "star"
               | drive for some Indian web sites.
               | 
               | [0]The hexalobular socket screw drive, often referred to
               | by the original proprietary brand name Torx or by the
               | alternative generic name star drive, uses a star-shaped
               | recess in the fastener with six rounded points.
               | 
               | [0]https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_screw_drives
               | 
               | Also: https://www.sizes.com/tools//screw_drive.htm
        
         | stephen_g wrote:
         | We switched everything to Torx at one of the companies I do
         | work for (from Phillips) because too many screws would strip
         | out. This is SATCOM stuff, mostly maritime. You get a tiny bit
         | of gunk seizing the thread, and you wouldn't be able to get
         | screws out because you couldn't apply enough torque to loosen
         | them without camming out and stripping them. Torx has basically
         | completely solved the problem.
         | 
         | At the factory all the structural screws and bolts go on with
         | torque wrenches (not really necessary for covers etc.). But you
         | can get the feel pretty easily when required in the field -
         | we've had so many fewer problems, it's crazy. I'd never design
         | something with a Phillips screw in it again!
        
         | titzer wrote:
         | I, too, struggle with stripping screws. It gets better, but you
         | have to be careful. For one, don't ever use a power tool.
         | Second, find a screwdriver that fits the actual screw's
         | dimensions--not just the screw type and rough size, but
         | actually fits the depth of the (e.g. Philips) head. Too
         | narrow/sharp of a screwdriver can easily strip screws. I found
         | a magnetic tip helps a lot too, if only because the driver is a
         | different, grippier material.
         | 
         | There are ways to recover stripped screws, e.g. by using a bit
         | of rubber band between the screwdriver and the head. There are
         | tons of YouTube videos. But if you can't, you are probably
         | better off drilling it out than destroying the case.
         | 
         | > The much maligned in right-to-repair circles Torx and Apple
         | pentalobe screws
         | 
         | I have no idea why they invented those; hex (Allen) screws are
         | better. I don't have these tools and neither does practically
         | anyone else. Oh, that's why they invented them.
        
           | newaccount74 wrote:
           | Hex screws strip extremely easily and if you use a bit too
           | much force the hex bit easily gets stuck in the screw and you
           | have to wiggle it free, further damaging the screw.
           | 
           | Torx bits are much better, and they are very common, at least
           | in Europe.
           | 
           | Pentalobe on the other hand, is just Apple being Apple. They
           | don't want you opening their devices (with some exceptions,
           | like the remarkable RAM upgrade mechanism in the old 27"
           | iMac, or the various fancy ways of opening Mac Pros.
        
             | eropple wrote:
             | Was going to say this - there are a _lot_ of hex head
             | screws out there whose slots are now nearly perfect
             | circles.
             | 
             | I use some in the shop, but they're exclusively ones where
             | the head can be a full-depth socket, at least as deep as
             | the screw threading is wide. And when I have to tighten or
             | loosen a hex head, it's always with a T-handle wrench to
             | ensure I've got the thing squared.
        
           | ya_throw wrote:
           | Torx can take more torque than a hex (due to the much smaller
           | driving angle at the tool/bolt contact point). Bolts that
           | take the same torque can thus have a thinner head.
        
           | tgsovlerkhgsel wrote:
           | Pentalobe is simply there to make repairs harder.
           | 
           | Torx was specifically designed to allow transferring more
           | torque with less wear and not meant for user hostility. It
           | was certainly used that way for some time in some
           | applications (while in others Torx was chosen mainly for its
           | original intended purpose), but I'd say nowadays the bits are
           | so common that it's not really effective as an annoyance for
           | the user.
        
           | throwaway946513 wrote:
           | The patent on Torx ran out a few years ago if I remember
           | correctly, and I have any Torx bit at home for small devices,
           | while only missing the bit for wood screws and larger.
        
         | jandrese wrote:
         | If you are stripping Phillips head screws a lot try finding a
         | screwdriver one size larger. I tell people to find the
         | screwdriver that looks like the right size and then go one size
         | up. The head should be snug in the screw, if it is not you are
         | far more likely to strip it.
         | 
         | Also pay attention because some Phillips head screwdrivers are
         | pointy and some are more flat tipped. Using a pointy
         | screwdriver on a flat type screw is a good way to strip them.
         | 
         | With the right tools you will almost never strip a Philips head
         | screw that isn't rusty or glued in. In the latter case you're
         | more likely to snap the head off entirely than to strip it.
         | Finally, when removing the screw remember to push down on it
         | (yes this seems counterproductive) to avoid slipping out of the
         | hole.
         | 
         | Guarantee doesn't include cases where the knucklehead before
         | you used the wrong screwdriver and rounded the crap out of the
         | screw head.
        
           | mikestew wrote:
           | _Guarantee doesn 't include cases where the knucklehead
           | before you used the wrong screwdriver and rounded the crap
           | out of the screw head_
           | 
           | For those cases, there's the manual impact driver. Hand-held,
           | whack the end of it with a hammer and it drives the
           | Phillips/whatever bit into the fastener while giving it a
           | little twist. A couple of whacks will remove the most
           | stubborn screw. Or it will tear the head off. Those are the
           | only two outcomes I've ever seen, it never just sits and
           | spins in the rounded slots.
        
           | doubled112 wrote:
           | > some Phillips head screwdrivers are pointy and some are
           | more flat tipped
           | 
           | Some Phillips are not Phillips at all. They are JIS. Or
           | pozidriv.
        
         | jackyinger wrote:
         | You absolutely need to use the correct sized screwdriver for
         | the screw. And then make sure to press the screwdriver firmly
         | into the screw while you turn so it can't climb out.
         | 
         | You can get away with close enough or lower pressure if the
         | screw is loose. If it is not, one size off and you're asking
         | for trouble.
         | 
         | If it seems like this is annoying, think of the screw as an
         | interface. One typically works to comply with an interface's
         | specification, otherwise they likely get unexpected results.
        
           | beerandt wrote:
           | Not only this, but the correct driver head is designed to
           | spin out before stripping the screw threads or over
           | tightening.
           | 
           | The head stripping instead of the threads or hole is a
           | feature, as the desired point of failure.
           | 
           | A quality screw can spin out without too much damage, but
           | often today cheap screws mean trashing it once that's
           | happened.
        
         | erwincoumans wrote:
         | For me the fragile flat ribbon cables are hindering repair:
         | they either break too easily or they are super hard to put back
         | into their slot. And getting too close with a soldering iron
         | will just melt the whole thing :)
         | 
         | How do you repair a broken flat ribbon? They are often custom
         | sizes, including weird shapes going around corners.
        
         | handsarebags wrote:
         | Second the call for quality screwdrivers.
         | 
         | You might be encountering thread locker too. You'll notice a
         | residue on the threads of screws.
         | 
         | I've used a narrow tip on a hot air reflow gun to heat up
         | fasteners I know have a thread locker on them. Do need to be
         | aware of what is heat sensitive and how the hearts spreading.
         | Is sometimes not an option.
        
         | ya_throw wrote:
         | It might be a technique thing, although you are correct that
         | those maligned "modern" screw designs do not strip as easily.
         | 
         | It is crucial to get the right type and size of screwdriver -
         | look for the markings on the screw to differentiate Philips
         | from Pozidrive (mixing them up will chew up screws). Give a
         | test wiggle before trying to turn the screw - there should be
         | minimal slop, and the bit shouldn't immediately try to "cam
         | out".
         | 
         | Apart from that, the trick is maximal downward force. Push the
         | screwdriver into the screw as you're turning - most cross-head
         | designs will try to "cam out" due to tapered sections of the
         | interface, and that's what chews up the screws. I rarely strip
         | screw heads, even on cheap consumer products.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | bfirsh wrote:
           | I learned the difference between Philips and Pozidrive at
           | school, thank goodness, and this has saved countless stripped
           | screw heads. I am surprised how few people know about it,
           | even professionals.
           | 
           | It's particularly important when using power tools. An
           | electric drill with Philips bit will instantly munch a
           | Pozidrive screw.
           | 
           | It is the 45 degree markings you're looking for, in case that
           | isn't clear: https://shop4fasteners.co.uk/blog/pozidriv-vs-
           | phillips/
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | steverb wrote:
             | Thank you for this. As an amateur I knew the difference
             | existed, but I was never sure how to tell them apart. And
             | if I had ever actually thought about it I would have
             | googled, but it's one of those things that never occurred
             | to me until I was knee deep into a repair.
        
           | disruptiveink wrote:
           | Thanks for the tips and for the more or less confirmation of
           | my terrible technique. You're right that I pay no attention
           | to Philips vs Pozidrive, will definitely need to start taking
           | that into consideration. When following a guide, I do pay
           | attention to exact bit sizes when they are mentioned , but
           | for guide-less jobs I just go with "this looks like it fits".
           | Will try out wiggling before committing.
           | 
           | I imagine it'll take a while to start to get a feel for it,
           | wonder what's the best way to get a good amount of practice
           | without damaging (useful) things.
        
             | ProZsolt wrote:
             | If you doing a lot of small screws I would suggest getting
             | a Wiha precision screwdriver set. The iFixit set has great
             | cost/value ratio, but there are much better tools on the
             | market.
        
             | ya_throw wrote:
             | Damage useless things? Seriously though, practice and
             | experience are necessary, go and get some! Sadly that
             | sometimes also includes learning how to figure out when
             | you're out of your depth, which can be an annoying lesson
             | to learn when you break something nice.
        
           | formerly_proven wrote:
           | JIS is still a thing as well. Look a lot like Philips except
           | that it's way easier than normal to cam out.
        
             | throwaway946513 wrote:
             | JIS screws will strip/cam out if you use a Philips, where I
             | misunderstood this when replacing a rear lamp assembly on a
             | 2016 Subaru, destroyed the JIS screw head where it had to
             | be removed using the 10mm socket instead.
             | 
             | I've now used JIS bits for JIS screws and had no issues
             | further than the initial.
        
             | aidenn0 wrote:
             | Easier to cam out than Philips? Yuck!
        
               | eropple wrote:
               | It's generally better to cam out without wrecking the
               | head than to cam out only under sufficient force as to
               | tear up the slots.
        
               | aidenn0 wrote:
               | Philips usually damage the head when camming out because
               | as they cam out the total contact surface slowly goes to
               | zero, so at some point the pressure exceeds the strength
               | of the metal.
        
               | eropple wrote:
               | Right. In my experience, JIS screwdrivers lose contact
               | faster if you're off-angle so they don't have the same
               | opportunity to trash the head.
        
               | ya_throw wrote:
               | Exactly this - camming out as a protective feature is
               | hugely over-blown and possibly totally false. In my
               | experience, only the very cheapest of cheese-grade screws
               | (a la Aliexpress) chew up _without_ camming out.
        
             | ya_throw wrote:
             | It's supposed to be much _harder_ to cam out with JIS,
             | unless you try to use a Philips screwdriver on a JIS screw
             | (which will most definitely cam out and chew up). I treated
             | myself to a JIS screwdriver, for the rare occasions I
             | adjust my (Japanese) bicycle groupset.
             | 
             | JIS, as far as I know, is the technically superior cross-
             | head design.
        
         | fps-hero wrote:
         | Aluminium is weak as piss. I get verbally abused by our
         | machinist for simply asking for an M2 tapped hole. Even on a
         | CNC, your tap can break during a run and you will have a vey
         | bad day. How any of those tiny screw holes is machined in mass
         | production is beyond me.
        
           | varjag wrote:
           | I did a fair amount of threads as small as M1.2 in aluminium
           | and brass by hand. You absolutely want to use two number sets
           | of taps (undersize and finishing) for that.
        
         | snth wrote:
         | Yes- death to Philips and slotted screw heads. Torx,
         | square/Robertson, or (internal or external) hex heads are all
         | so much better.
        
           | throwaway946513 wrote:
           | Slotted (flat) screw heads at least enable the user to use a
           | 'non-tool' to remove the screw in the case they do not have
           | the necessary tool on hand.
           | 
           | Take for example my front license plate, the flat head screws
           | enabled a random while I was at work to remove the plate from
           | the car, without any specialized screwdriver.
           | 
           | So in some instances flat heads may prove to be useful.
           | Philips however has often led to the screws I need out
           | getting stripped. Torx all the way.
        
         | CapitalistCartr wrote:
         | I use Wiha screwdrivers for that very reason. Buy some good,
         | German ones; inspect your old ones, and give most of them away.
        
         | FourthProtocol wrote:
         | Give rusty screws a shot of WD40 and let soak for a while.
         | Overnight if it's really bad. Clean the WD40 off the screw
         | before starting to unscrew, then proceed as required.
        
         | Turing_Machine wrote:
         | If it comes to the worst, there are still things you can do.
         | 
         | 1) If the stripped fastener is accessible (i.e., not down a
         | hole) you can try cutting a new cross slot in a screw head or
         | new flats on a nut using a Dremel tool with a cutoff wheel (or
         | a small file, if you're old-school). This is also an option for
         | any special fasteners that you can't get a driver for.
         | 
         | 2) You can (carefully) drill the screw head off, then, once the
         | piece immediately below the screw head is loose and has been
         | removed, grab the stub with a pair of vise grips and turn it
         | out.
         | 
         | 3) If it's in plastic, you can heat the screw head with a
         | soldering iron until the plastic surrounding the screw body
         | melts and the whole thing can be pulled off (obviously this is
         | going to result in damaging the plastic to some degree... you
         | may need to use a larger self-tapping screw to put it back
         | together, or you could put a small amount of hot-melt glue down
         | the now-oversized hole, in case you need to do it again).
         | 
         | As others have said, hand drivers are a better choice for this
         | than powered drivers. If you do use a power driver and it has
         | adjustable torque, start at the lowest setting. And yeah, as
         | much downward pressure as you can apply without breaking the
         | case is a good idea.
        
         | formerly_proven wrote:
         | The "stripping in seconds" bit makes me think you might be
         | using a drill / driver to do it instead of a screwdriver. With
         | the former it takes a fair bit of practice to notice imminent
         | slippage, while the latter makes it much easier so that you can
         | avoid it.
        
       | SeanLuke wrote:
       | Interesting that he mentions the Dave Smith Instruments (now
       | Sequential) Prophet 12. I have a Prophet P08, and have opened it
       | up to repair it, and it is a work of design elegance. It contains
       | five boards, each connected via an easily removed ribbon cable,
       | attached to a metal body with just a few screws. You can
       | trivially remove all the boards, and in fact I did exactly this
       | to ship the boards to the company for a minor repair rather than
       | shipping the entire unit.
       | 
       | Another work of design beauty was the NeXTstation, NeXT's pizza-
       | box shaped workstation. A solid magnesium case with an elegant
       | molded heat sink on bottom, opens with a single screw in the
       | back. Inside there's a fan (two screws), a power supply attached
       | directly to the case over the heat sink (one screw), a mount for
       | the floppy drive (one screw), a mount for the hard drive (one
       | screw), and the motherboard (one or two screws). And that's it --
       | that's the entire thing! You can break down the entire machine in
       | less than five minutes. Did I mention it's made of solid
       | magnesium?
       | 
       | How NeXT/Apple has fallen.
        
         | iNate2000 wrote:
         | But compare the NeXT Station to the current Mac Pro. This is a
         | similar product with similar use cases and price tag.
         | 
         | The current Mac Pro gets a 9/10 repairability score on
         | iFixit[1]
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/Mac+Pro+2019+Teardown/128922
        
           | jandrese wrote:
           | The iFixit team clearly has not been asked to remove the WiFi
           | from those Mac Pros.
        
         | mountain_peak wrote:
         | Funny, I have a DSI PolyEvolver, and when one voice decided to
         | go on the fritz with an intermittent issue, I couldn't find a
         | schematic anywhere (that's because DSI hasn't made a technical
         | service manual available for years). Not that other synth
         | manufacturers are more forthcoming with service manuals, but
         | they are at least "available", which helps immensely when
         | troubleshooting. DSI was very helpful, but in the end, the
         | issue turned out to be a lead-free solder joint issue on one
         | the DSP legs (early lead-free solder was prone to cracking
         | under repeated heating and cooling cycles).
         | 
         | Not sure what the article is implying by saying the Prophet has
         | interesting silkscreen designs or instructions - that may help
         | remove the right components to send back to DSI, but doesn't
         | help someone diagnose and repair the board themselves. Oh,
         | also, I have successfully replaced the battery in a Sonicare
         | toothbrush without destroying it - still working to this day.
        
           | boznz wrote:
           | Very trivial to include a bill of materials and/or a link to
           | the schematic on most PCB's I do it with all my industrial
           | designs but it doesnt necessarily help if 99% of the logic is
           | in the microcontroller flash unless you also publish
           | documented source code. Once you've done that it is game over
           | as a business as it will be copied mercilessly unless you
           | have some sort of "platform as a service" or ability to
           | exclude copies.
        
             | mountain_peak wrote:
             | A BOM would be lovely and glad that you include a link
             | right on the board, but isn't a showstopper - most
             | components are fairly obvious on inspection/testing (not so
             | much when manufacturers sand off/exclude/obscure IC
             | identifiers), but a list would definitely be a huge
             | timesaver. A schematic is almost essential though - I think
             | the PolyEvolver board is 6 layers and would take ages to
             | map out.
             | 
             | Oddly enough, someone else mentioned the other day that
             | Sequential started a cloud-based service for converting
             | wavetables to a usable format for the new Pro3 [0] - it's
             | free now, but maybe a service after DSI was bought out by
             | Focusrite?
             | 
             | As for source code, updates are still downloadable from
             | DSI, plus the microcontroller has an I2C or JTAG interface
             | and isn't protected AFAIK; wouldn't be overly difficult to
             | extract the source (albeit in machine code). I think I
             | previously ordered backups of the DSP and microcontroller
             | when they were still available - just in case, but there
             | are a bunch of components that aren't available from DSI or
             | supply shops anymore (e.g., the custom CEM chips). I think
             | that's an aspect of the right to repair that may be
             | overlooked - component availability.
             | 
             | [0]: https://www.sequentialwaves.com/
        
           | SeanLuke wrote:
           | If you get frustrated with your PolyEvolver, feel free to
           | ship it directly to me :-)
           | 
           | Seriously though, I build patch editors in my spare time
           | (https://github.com/eclab/edisyn) and would really like to
           | make an editor for the PolyEvolver.
        
             | mountain_peak wrote:
             | The PolyEvolver is one of my favourites - the sounds
             | haven't 'aged' much, unlike most of the 90s synths; would
             | be difficult to let that one go!
             | 
             | Woah - you wrote and maintain Edisyn? Excellent software,
             | and pretty much vital to the productivity (and sanity) of
             | synthesists worldwide; thanks very much for your work!
             | 
             | I use Edisyn for my Kawai K3 (which has an unusable button-
             | and-dial interface for wavetable editing), although it's
             | not on your list in GitHub for some reason. I have the
             | SoundTower PolyEvolver editor, and it's quite functional
             | (albeit within a quirky interface). It also 'unlocks'
             | custom user wavetables, which is helpful. Not sure if that
             | influences your decision to tackle another editor, but I'm
             | sure it would round out your DSI list (and the MonoEvolver
             | would be a natural leader/follower).
        
               | SeanLuke wrote:
               | Yes, I wrote Edisyn. Hmm, Edisyn has never had a K3
               | editor; it's on my list if I ever come across a unit.
               | It's got a K1, K4 and K5 editor. How are you using Edisyn
               | with your K3?
        
               | mountain_peak wrote:
               | Apologies - I just looked for the software and can't seem
               | to find it on my machine - may have been on an old iPad,
               | but not likely to have been your excellent software.
        
               | SeanLuke wrote:
               | I as almost able to get a K3m locally a while back, but
               | no... :-(
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | titzer wrote:
       | I recently bought an antique chair, literally from the 1800s. It
       | is a little thing, probably a child's chair. One of the legs
       | broke. At first I was sad since it was a nice buy ($15?) and fit
       | exactly into a little space I had for it. I mean, it survives a
       | hundred years and then gets broken by my idiocy within weeks?
       | Then I had a look. The thing is put together with _no screws_. It
       | 's literally a friction fit for every one of the 4 legs and cross
       | braces. So fixing it is as easy as spinning up a wood lathe and
       | making a new leg. And it turns out...it _has_ been repaired
       | already. This is why it has lasted 100 years.
        
         | joncrocks wrote:
         | Chair of Theseus...
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship_of_Theseus
        
           | funkaster wrote:
           | like most GA planes. Eventually you'll replace _almost_
           | everything in them :)
        
         | rhapsodic wrote:
         | _> So fixing it is as easy as spinning up a wood lathe and
         | making a new leg._
         | 
         | Which, for 99.99% of humanity, equates to "not easy".
        
           | titzer wrote:
           | That's just if you want to match the actual leg style. A
           | round stick of wood with a hole in the right spot _would_
           | technically work :-)
           | 
           | I don't have a lathe, but when I run across one, I'll give it
           | a go, or ask a friend.
        
             | jandrese wrote:
             | The trick is hand carving the pegs exactly the right size
             | to friction fit in the hole. Without a lathe that is tall
             | ask.
             | 
             | But also I wonder if they didn't include some glue to hold
             | that chair together originally. Screws in furniture are
             | mostly just there to keep the thing together while the glue
             | cures.
        
               | throwaway946513 wrote:
               | From the old wood work I've seen around the house, most
               | appear to have glue with a wood dowel, pin, or shim to
               | lock the glued piece into place while it dries, and
               | aren't applying excess pressure to the grain causing a
               | split piece of wood.
        
         | voiper1 wrote:
         | Quite possibly it was green woodworking. When the greenwood
         | dries, it increase the tightness of the joining.
        
       | nayuki wrote:
       | The linked PDF about illegal build configurations in LEGO was an
       | interesting read: http://casadebricks.com/wp-
       | content/uploads/2021/05/Stressing...
        
       | vlovich123 wrote:
       | For electronic devices, this would also mean the ability to load
       | on your own SW on any processor _. That means the manufacturer
       | needs to provide the toolchain, relevant specs, and source code
       | (basically whatever they used for development) in escrow.
       | Additionally, many updates are now cryptographically signed which
       | means you 'd need to put keys in escrow that get released when
       | support from the manufacturer ends (which itself has serious
       | security implications since the escrow holder, in addition to the
       | manufacturer, now has root access to all devices).
       | 
       | _ This is actually very hard to define. Ideally it would also
       | include any code that's updateable including firmware, but then
       | are you including things like CPU firmware?
        
         | unglaublich wrote:
         | They could transfer escrow to a trusted international org that
         | can provide keys to users.
        
       | _nalply wrote:
       | I ordered a Framework laptop and hope that this the laptop that
       | will stay for decades with me till I die.
       | 
       | https://frame.work
        
       | marapuru wrote:
       | For those who like to read more about designing for product EOL,
       | I highly encourage Ends. by Joe MacLeod.
       | 
       | https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/35857076-ends
        
         | DennisP wrote:
         | Checked Amazon. It's a bit ironic that that book, published in
         | 2017, is available in paperback but not kindle.
        
           | marapuru wrote:
           | Ironic indeed :-)
        
       | fps-hero wrote:
       | _Sometimes documentation can be redundant. Strip down an Anker
       | USB cable and you 'll find four coloured-coded wires: red, black,
       | green and white. Presumably this helps during the assembly
       | process, but it also makes repair work a breeze. UK and EU mains
       | wiring is similarly colour coded. Software developers will joke
       | about self-documenting code that's so clear it doesn't even need
       | comments. Maybe this is the hardware equivalent?_
       | 
       | The only axiom that holds true is a cable's wiring is only how it
       | probes out, and whether that is correct or not is an exercise for
       | the engineer to determine.
       | 
       | - Top image search results for USB wiring show green and white
       | flipped, and they are not wrong, because they often are. The
       | standard is only between the connectors, the exact wiring doesn't
       | matter if it works.
       | 
       | - Cheap cables won't have a black wire, they reuse the cable
       | shield as ground return. Funnily enough, cheap cables also use a
       | cheap shield bread which isn't flex appropriate, so 95% this will
       | fail first.
       | 
       | - Cheap products that come with their own appropriately cheap USB
       | cable often take liberties with USB standards, such as actually
       | using the connector shield as ground return and leave the ground
       | pin disconnect, because they know their product does this
       | internally. You will have a great day when you pull this cable
       | out of your draw.
        
       | asicsp wrote:
       | I think "Design for repair" (based on post link) is a better
       | title than "The last design you'll ever make"
        
       | KronisLV wrote:
       | Aside from all of the planned obsolescence that others are
       | talking about in the comments (which rightfully deserves
       | discussion), i can't help but to feel like this hardly works for
       | information and communication technology devices - smartphones,
       | tablets, laptops/netbooks, desktop computers, consoles etc.
       | 
       | The industry as a whole has this odd desire to always push for
       | better hardware and newer things, to the point where Windows 11
       | refused to support older AMD processors and whatnot. At the same
       | time, Android 8.1 (the OS on one of my older phones) has been
       | abandoned and thus makes the device not an entirely viable backup
       | phone; unless i'm okay with running insecure software, or want to
       | install custom ROMs that will break things, especially in the
       | case of a non-mainstream vendor.
       | 
       | To me, it feels like we should stop forcing progress before its
       | time has come, which we currently do with better hardware that is
       | used in suboptimal ways and tossing aside everything that can't
       | keep up, as opposed to actually investing decades to write better
       | software.
       | 
       | Right now, my desktop PC has a 1st gen Ryzen 3 1200. If it were
       | not for the OS, the browser and almost every piece of software
       | and even game that i want to play becoming more bloated, i could
       | safely use it for a decade with no issues, Wirth's law be damned.
       | In my servers i have 200GEs that are similarly old and yet, are
       | fully sufficient for my homelab needs, but eventually you won't
       | be able to buy any old new stock for reasonable prices, because
       | AMD will be off chasing whatever new skew or technology they need
       | to remain competitive.
       | 
       | Even Firefox, the browser that was supposed to be "the good one"
       | (e.g. default in most Linux distros, less controversial than
       | Chrome/Chromium) got noticeably worse sometime around the Quantum
       | upgrade in regards to its RAM usage, even when you limit its
       | content process count to just 1. Similarly, it feels like most
       | IDEs nowadays are also somewhat heavyweight - why can't i have
       | exceedingly boring looking software that has a lot of the smart
       | autocomplete that i'd expect, yet doesn't slow the whole machine
       | down when things need to be re-rendered because of a non-native
       | UI toolkit? Just look at how snappy Lazarus is:
       | https://www.lazarus-ide.org/ And yet, i cannot feasibly do webdev
       | or many projects with it, because no hype means no new tools, no
       | ecosystem support and so on, so i'm essentially dragged along to
       | use whatever the modern tech choices are, like JetBrains products
       | which are admittedly otherwise great and allow me to work with
       | almost every popular tech stack, yet still eat lots of RAM.
       | 
       | I guess this is less of a rant and more of a question to the
       | people here: how do you fight back against this supposed
       | progress, that somehow manages to couple security updates and
       | feature updates with otherwise unnecessary bells, whistles and
       | unreasonable amount of browser tech and whitespace in most
       | software? How do you fight back against your hand being forced to
       | create e-waste?
       | 
       | Do you use Alpine, Debian (LXDE, LXQt or even XFCE) or another
       | lightweight Linux distro (or even something of the BSD variety)
       | as a daily driver and live with the fact that some software and
       | most of gaming will often be a no-go (about 30/120 games that i
       | have on Steam are even supported on Linux)? Do you do complicated
       | setups with Windows VMs and GPU passthrough and relative mouse
       | movement modes or something? Maybe you try to cut down your
       | Windows installs as much as possible, removing bloat regularly,
       | attempting to match Microsoft's ability to put it in, in
       | combination with dual booting? Or do you just have a dedicated
       | machine or two that (hopefully) aren't connected to the network
       | and run EOL software (i've personally seen folks doing that with
       | Windows XP), thus freeing you from updates that do things that
       | you don't want? Or is there a really nice solution that i'm not
       | aware of?
        
         | BirAdam wrote:
         | I have had similar feelings, and these were made worse when I
         | realized that my XT is actually still perfectly fit for most
         | things people need to do (read some text or send some text on
         | the web, word processing, spreadsheets, email). It can even do
         | these things graphically and with low res photos via Windows 3.
         | This means that for most people, new computers were not truly
         | necessary. Obviously, for any large photos or for video that
         | has even a decent quality, an XT is not enough.
         | 
         | This particular problem generates hundreds of millions of tons
         | of e-waste every single year. The constant churn strips
         | resources during production, and it pollutes during production
         | and disposal as most of this waste is just tossed to the third
         | world and never truly dealt with.
         | 
         | A major driving force behind all of this churn is actually
         | financial. The global financial system is run by a debt based
         | currency. More of this currency is created constantly due to
         | fractional reserve lending, and due to government spending (all
         | government spending in the current system creates money, and
         | the government bonds are treated as an asset by central
         | governments against which still more money is lent and thus
         | created in fractional reserve systems, US dollars are then used
         | by foreign banks as an asset to create still more money). With
         | constant inflation, money must go somewhere. If money is sat on
         | it loses value, thus all investment class assets see ever
         | higher climbing valuations and any dip is temporary even though
         | it shouldn't be. Companies can therefore get billion dollar
         | valuations without even having revenue (in a rational world the
         | value of such a company is zero or even negative), and they can
         | run off of investment despite losing money year over year. When
         | some of these companies finally go bankrupt it's only a
         | momentary down turn for a given index of stocks, and nothing
         | else really happens. This is also why, despite the 2008 crash,
         | the housing market is still bananas and over valued. Money must
         | go somewhere and as investors get wary of stocks they drive
         | funds into housing. People buy properties without even seeing
         | them because they know that land at least has some value and
         | inflation is getting stupid... they need to put their money
         | _somewhere_. When people have no real method of holding value
         | and are also too poor to invest, they are incentivized to
         | spend. If some bank actually offered interest on savings that
         | was higher than inflation, people might save. As it is, the
         | poor have no recourse. Spend it is. By spending, businesses get
         | a signal to produce. The production will keep increasing in
         | speed until either the global financial system collapses or
         | until too many jobs are eliminated by automation. The companies
         | using such automation to produce will then be driven into
         | bankruptcy (not enough buyers to pay the bills), people will
         | again gain employment (because the automated companies are no
         | more), and the cycle will repeat. The only way to put a stop to
         | recklessness like this is to have money _cost something_.
         | Either governments must be responsible and have low debt to
         | earnings (think Singapore), or countries must have hard
         | currencies where more is only produced when the value is high
         | enough to warrant very expensive mining operations. Such
         | economic conditions allow for savings and more gradual paces of
         | innovation and development where things actually get tested, go
         | through QA, and so on (as opposed to millions of laptops being
         | shipped with keyboards that are broken by bread crumbs or
         | software that is so bad it allows root access if you knock on
         | the door properly). As it is, companies cannot do those things
         | lest they miss revenue targets and lose whatever the inflation
         | rate is in real terms year over year.
         | 
         | As for dealing with it? I just accept that I will have lower
         | performance starting year 2 of ownership of any new device, and
         | on-going until it is finally not truly usable in the modern
         | world.
        
       | automotive_eng wrote:
       | Adding my experience (automotive components engineer for OEMs).
       | 
       | There is currently no push to make parts repairable.
       | 
       | What our cusomers (OEMs) care is: price, safety, reliability,
       | quality, performance, compliance to standards, fast developmnent,
       | fast introduction to production
       | 
       | In my 20 year career I never ever got a request regarding making
       | parts repairable. The target is that the part must not break down
       | in the life of the product (10-15 years). After that nobody
       | cares.
       | 
       | We are more or less moving away from screwing parts together -
       | instead of this welding/gluing/press fiting joints are used. This
       | is just to save 0.1-0.2 EUR per part by removing few screws,
       | using lower quality polymeric materials, etc. (the cost of
       | complete assembly for OEM is in the range of 20-30EUR).
       | 
       | As long as the part is cheap, meets performance, safety, life
       | requirements the OEMs are happy.
       | 
       | Until there will be no law that will require manufacturers to
       | make parts repairable nothing will change. We as parts suppliers
       | will strive to make parts as reliable as possible, but just
       | enough to meet life requirements and not comprimise safety.
        
         | teachrdan wrote:
         | In terms of automotive manufacturing, I've heard it said: "Cars
         | aren't designed to be easily repaired. They're designed to be
         | easily assembled, once."
        
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