[HN Gopher] The Sweden experiment: how no lockdowns led to menta...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The Sweden experiment: how no lockdowns led to mental health,
       healthier economy
        
       Author : mrfusion
       Score  : 144 points
       Date   : 2021-08-22 15:14 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.telegraph.co.uk)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.telegraph.co.uk)
        
       | warning26 wrote:
       | What I find particularly interesting is that Sweden wasn't the
       | only country that did this -- Brazil also did a no-lockdown
       | strategy, and it was basically a disaster there.
       | 
       | Evidently, there must have been some other factors at play
       | besides the boolean of lockdown true/false. Better healthcare,
       | maybe?
        
         | marjoripomarole wrote:
         | Not true. Many Brazilian cities and states had lockdown
         | measures at various times this past 20 months.
        
         | slim wrote:
         | Some people have better resistance to the virus. Maybe there's
         | more of them in sweden
        
         | marderfarker2 wrote:
         | China did the opposite by sealing everything up in the
         | beginning, and now everything has gone back to normal for them
         | bar international travel.
         | 
         | Probably it's down to developed countries having a well-defined
         | response protocol AND its citizen sticking to it.
        
           | audunw wrote:
           | > and now everything has gone back to normal
           | 
           | Right now it seems quite the opposite. Their vaccines are not
           | very effective against the Delta variant, and they're having
           | several outbreaks. They recently shut down a huge port. They
           | never learned how to do partial lockdowns and just dealing
           | with low levels of infection, so if they don't manage to
           | eliminate the virus, they're screwed. What are they going to
           | do with the Delta variant? Import foreign vaccines? Wait for
           | better domestic vaccines? What if a new more infectious
           | variant comes along that's even less affected by their
           | vaccines?
           | 
           | I think China may be a case of the cure being worse than the
           | disease. We know their approach has killed people, and the
           | huge amount of resources spent on these lockdowns and massive
           | amount of testing may have been better spent saving lives
           | elsewhere. But we'll never know because they don't publish
           | reliable data on excess mortality.
        
           | neither_color wrote:
           | They've had regular city-wide/regional lockdowns all
           | throughout. If someone in your apartment complex tests
           | positive _SURPRISE_ you cant leave for two weeks. Normal is
           | gone, it 's not coming back. When you move the goal post from
           | "not overwhelming our medical system" to attempting "covid
           | zero" this is the new normal you end up with, somewhere
           | between China and Australia.
           | 
           | August 2021
           | https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/02/millions-
           | under...
           | 
           | June 2021 https://www.scmp.com/coronavirus/greater-
           | china/article/31380...
           | 
           | January 2021
           | https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/13/world/asia/china-covid-
           | lo...
        
         | azinman2 wrote:
         | The article talks about this at the end. They have very low
         | population density, a tiny population to start with, and most
         | people live alone. Compared to their immediate neighbors with
         | similar densities and culture, they did far worse in deaths.
        
         | spookthesunset wrote:
         | See but since there was no actual randomized test the fact that
         | Brazil did a no-lockdown strategy (which I guess some say is
         | false)... it could have been just as big of a disaster even
         | with a lockdown.
         | 
         | There is basically no real way to prove that lockdowns did a
         | single thing. The fact so many countries were so willing to
         | jump onto a completely unproven non pharmaceutical intervention
         | that has massive negative side effects is pretty scary.
         | 
         | The fact so many people get hot and bothered by this and just
         | assume that lockdowns worked at all... it's quite disturbing.
        
           | richardw wrote:
           | Its proven. It's physics. I can't catch covid from you
           | because we're probably on different continents. Living across
           | the street works as well if I don't open the door. This has
           | been tested for every transmissible disease every organism
           | has had that we've managed to witness. Similarly, fewer
           | interactions result in fewer opportunities for transmission.
           | Reduce transmission and the numbers go down. What's to prove
           | here?
           | 
           | Didn't vote you down.
        
             | mavhc wrote:
             | Also there's graphs, lockdown enacted, cases go down,
             | lockdown stopped, cases go up, repeat.
        
               | spookthesunset wrote:
               | Oh really?
               | 
               | https://www.covidchartsquiz.com/
        
               | iamstupidsimple wrote:
               | (This should be a submission in its own right.) Really
               | interesting data.
        
               | spookthesunset wrote:
               | It will never survive. Looks like we are back to March
               | 2020 levels of panic again based on how my comments are
               | doing... sad.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | breck wrote:
             | Lockdowns are an incredibly fragile "solution". It's a
             | multi agent problem with lots of probabilities. All
             | lockdowns allow some "essential workers" to not lockdown.
             | You could have only 2% of workers deemed essential--and
             | there is no general rule since all geographies are
             | different and in situations like the exact details matter--
             | and have the exact same long term outcomes as no lock down
             | at all. It's fun to run multi agent simulations and see how
             | easy it is to screw up any centralized plan through the
             | injection of little probabilitities.
             | 
             | In my opinion anything that does not allow people to
             | exercise conditional probability at the last mile is bound
             | to have negative expected value.
             | 
             | Things that I do think make a difference: better airflow,
             | more outdoor time, less obesity, better testing, a public
             | equipped with better tools to diagnose and treat conditions
             | at home, vaccines, better data infra and publishing of
             | medical data, etc. Dumb blanket mandates that are applied
             | across a population are stupid.
        
         | tpmx wrote:
         | I'm Swedish.
         | 
         | I think the most important difference is that ~50% of the
         | population here thought the government was being
         | incompetent/paralyzed and then performed a voluntary lockdown,
         | much harsher than the government-mandated restrictions.
         | 
         | Since lots of those people who disagreed with the government
         | (in)actions work as "knowledge workers", it was also relatively
         | easy to make the switch to work from home, and they did, along
         | with pretty much everone who was able to do WFH.
         | 
         | Possibly related: the current social democrat prime minister
         | Stefan Lofven made a surprise announcement today that he'll be
         | stepping down in November, a mere ten months before the next
         | election.
         | 
         | I think it's natural that it would play out differently in
         | Brazil - so many differences in the structure of the work
         | force, access to information, English language skills, personal
         | economic reserves, etc etc.
        
           | throwawayboise wrote:
           | This sounds exactly like what happened where I live in the
           | USA. Many people who could WFH did. People who could not, did
           | not. Everyone made a personal risk assessment and went about
           | his life accordingly.
        
             | tpmx wrote:
             | Yeah, and the outcome (confirmed cases & deaths) is kinda
             | similar.
             | 
             | Confirmed cases:
             | 
             | https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/coronavirus-data-
             | explor...
             | 
             | Confirmed deaths:
             | 
             | https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/coronavirus-data-
             | explor...
        
           | tinus_hn wrote:
           | Such an easy argument. The no lockdown failed, but it also
           | succeeded because people locked down anyway.
        
           | LinAGKar wrote:
           | Stefan Lofven made a surprise announcement today that he'll
           | be stepping down in November
           | 
           | Again? He got kicked out and reelected two months ago. This
           | government is a damn yo-yo.
        
             | gerikson wrote:
             | His ministry lost a no-confidence vote in parliament, but
             | no-one else was able to form a new government so he was
             | asked to form a new one.
             | 
             | This latest announcement is that he will be stepping down
             | as the leader of the Social Democrats. There's a new
             | election in Sep 2022, and to me (a Swede) it looks as if
             | no-one is interested in an extra snap election right now
             | (the regular election will be held in Sep 2022 as planned
             | anyway).
        
             | tpmx wrote:
             | Yeah.. the electoral situation in the parliament hadn't
             | really changed, so that was kinda stupid. Mostly it was
             | just a way for the socialist (borderline communist) eternal
             | support party to the social democrats to flex its muscles,
             | for once.
        
           | spookthesunset wrote:
           | That doesn't prove the people doing these voluntary lockdowns
           | had any different of an outcome than if they did nothing at
           | all.
           | 
           | Way to many people just blindly assume these interventions
           | worked. The fact is we have zero clue if they did anything or
           | the outcomes experienced by different regions was a result of
           | a bunch of stuff that is completely out of our control.
           | 
           | If I was gonna bet, my money would be on the lockdowns not
           | doing anything. The virus did what it did no matter how hard
           | humans tried to control it. We had as little control over
           | covid as we have control over other natural disasters like
           | tornadoes and hurricanes.
        
             | kasperni wrote:
             | Of course they have an effect. Take, for example, the UK.
             | All three local peaks of covid deaths (Apr 20, Nov 20, Jan
             | 21) all came exactly 2-3 weeks after each of the 3 national
             | lockdowns.
        
               | spookthesunset wrote:
               | That doesn't mean anything at all. It could just be
               | random. You'd have no way to tell which of our theories
               | are true. None of these lockdowns were proven to work
               | prior to everybody jumping on them.
        
               | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
               | > That doesn't mean anything at all. It could just be
               | random.
               | 
               | This is not a serious response. The correlation is far
               | too definite to be mere chance; and the mechanisms that
               | cause it not hard to understand. Or in plain English:
               | it's not random.
        
               | spookthesunset wrote:
               | It's a very serious response, and it isn't my job to
               | prove. All the lockdown proponents need to prove their
               | draconian, Stone Age mitigation's did anything at all. As
               | far as I can see it's just blind luck that one region
               | "did better" than a other.
        
               | dijit wrote:
               | You don't want to be forced to do anything. I get that.
               | 
               | Pandemic response is not coded into us, it's something we
               | have to consciously do- and it's draining to fight an
               | invisible enemy.
               | 
               | I have issues with authority, so I understand the desire
               | to fight against being told what to do.
               | 
               | But you're denying science, this is not helpful.
        
               | spookthesunset wrote:
               | The pandemic respond we got was not at all what we
               | planned. It was using something completely untested and
               | unproven with huge massive negative side effects. It was
               | and still is unethical and immoral.
               | 
               | Science has nothing to do with these NPIs because science
               | doesn't tell society what do to.
        
             | dTal wrote:
             | I made you this chart of the UK pandemic. It's incomplete
             | by necessity, but gives the flavor. Do the dates and
             | lockdown measures look unrelated?
             | 
             | https://imgur.com/a/026CGjK
        
               | spookthesunset wrote:
               | You have that as a log chart?
               | 
               | Here, I'll do you better:
               | https://www.covidchartsquiz.com/
        
               | skytreader wrote:
               | Such dishonest statistics, this source. For example,
               | 
               | > One of these neighboring Southeastern states had a
               | statewide mask mandate. The other two did not.
               | 
               | > [Shown: COVID-19 Deaths, per million, 7-day average]
               | 
               | But mask mandates do not claim to prevent COVID-19
               | deaths, rather _transmission_. A state with relatively
               | low transmission but poor healthcare infra will see
               | similarly unintuitive /surprising trends.
        
               | dTal wrote:
               | It is a log chart! Look at the y axis. It's hard to see
               | anything sensible on a linear chart.
        
             | wldlyinaccurate wrote:
             | > If I was gonna bet, my money would be on the lockdowns
             | not doing anything. The virus did what it did no matter how
             | hard humans tried to control it
             | 
             | Tell that to New Zealand, who have had less than 3,000
             | cases in a population of 5 million. They did this with
             | strict border controls (people on inbound flights must
             | isolate for 2 weeks) and quick response to community
             | transmission (several lockdowns totalling 40 days).
        
               | mavhc wrote:
               | The UK made incoming people isolate in March....2021
        
               | tomohawk wrote:
               | This is not what I think of by "it worked"
               | 
               | https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/17/asia/new-zealand-lockdown-
               | one...
               | 
               | At best, its a fragile, brittle, costly "solution" that
               | may work in an isolated country like NZ until vaccines
               | are available.
               | 
               | It's been 8 months since vaccines have been available,
               | and they're still in the low 20s in terms of people
               | getting the vaccine.
        
               | lancewiggs wrote:
               | New Zealander here.
               | 
               | Yes we locked down over one case. The next day we had a
               | few more, and then more and more and more (21 in each of
               | the last two days). Delta is amazingly spreadable.
               | 
               | Because we are locked down straight away, every case is
               | easily contact traced, and people that did catch COVID
               | are already isolated in their bubble, so cannot re-
               | transmit easily behind that. As people are diagnosed they
               | are taken to isolate in a hotel.
               | 
               | So there will be an end, even though we were unluckily
               | enough to have had a number of very large spreader events
               | (conferences, churches, schools etc.).
               | 
               | The oft-touted alternative from activists outside NZ is
               | to vaccinate and open up. We are vaccinia go quickly, but
               | that plan does not work. (NZ had no right/need to get
               | vaccines early - we did not need them. We are now ramping
               | up quickly, all to the plan.)
               | 
               | But vaccines do not prevent transmission.
               | 
               | Vaccines do not provide population immunity with Delta
               | until a very large percentage (90%?) of all people, kids
               | included, are vaccinated.
               | 
               | Vaccines do not eliminate illness (including long COVID)
               | and death. They do reduce it a lot, but many people will
               | die, especially the vaccine hesitant. Meanwhile anti-
               | vaxers spread disinformation, much as the similar or
               | overlapping anti-lockdown crowd do. (Think about that)
               | 
               | Vaccines are not available to kids, and some very
               | vulnerable.
               | 
               | It has been really amazing living essentially a normal
               | live while most the rest of the world "lives with COVID".
               | We want that back.
        
           | elliekelly wrote:
           | Your comment reminds me of the NYC Metro use data that (I
           | think) was posted here at the very beginning of the pandemic.
           | IIRC it showed subway use plummeted _before_ the city or
           | state government enacted any measures to combat the pandemic
           | at all.
        
             | TheCowboy wrote:
             | Yep. A lot of what got blamed on lockdowns was widely
             | happening without government mandates, and I don't get how
             | people keep making mistakes about this when looking at the
             | effects of policy.
        
               | tomp wrote:
               | When I argue with people, I use the term _" lockdown"_ to
               | _exclusively_ mean _government_ -imposed lockdowns.
               | 
               | After we've witnessed the experience of northern Italy in
               | February / March 2020, most informed/reasonable people
               | concluded that the situation is more serious than
               | previously indicated, so it's obvious that people's
               | habits would change. People are somewhat rational, after
               | all.
               | 
               | But arguably self-imposed/-chosen changes in human
               | behaviour can both better account for individual
               | differences (in health, exposure, and risk aversion) as
               | well as respond much faster to short-term, local changes
               | of the situation, compared to government policy.
        
               | ls612 wrote:
               | And the clearest counter example to this ridiculous
               | assertion is the US right now; faced with numbers not
               | seen since the winter the population has only minimally
               | changed it's behavior over the summer and so far there
               | has been no political will for any distancing
               | restrictions returning.
        
         | cinntaile wrote:
         | This is speculation from my side, based on my interactions with
         | health care in Sweden over the past year. They are good at
         | distancing and precautions in situations where it probably
         | matters a lot, health care settings. People that had cold
         | symptoms didn't get mixed up with regular patients. Like
         | sitting in a waiting room. If you were going to have a child
         | and you were going to have a meeting with a nurse then you were
         | the only one allowed in, not even your husband/boyfriend was
         | allowed to accompany you.
        
           | cinntaile wrote:
           | Hey downvoters, come and discuss instead. That makes for more
           | intellectually curious discussions!
        
         | Hamuko wrote:
         | What's the definition of "lockdown" anyways? Because I can't
         | name that many COVID-19 restrictions that have been enacted in
         | Finland.
        
       | black_13 wrote:
       | This is not science
        
       | adevx wrote:
       | Add to this that babies born during lockdown have found to have a
       | significant lower IQ.
       | 
       | "It's not subtle by any stretch," said Deoni. "You don't
       | typically see things like that, outside of major cognitive
       | disorders."
       | 
       | I think we vastly underestimate the severe long-term effects of
       | lockdowns.
       | 
       | https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/12/children-born-...
        
         | UncleOxidant wrote:
         | Your link doesn't seem to go anywhere.
         | 
         | Also, how accurate are IQ tests on 1 year old and younger
         | babies?
         | 
         | I'm not sure why IQs would be lower (if indeed this is the
         | case) - parents are still around. In fact parents have been
         | more often around during the pandemic given the increase in
         | work from home policies.
        
           | adevx wrote:
           | I've updated the link to a non-amp link. Details of the study
           | can be found here: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/20
           | 21.08.10.21261846v...
        
             | soared wrote:
             | Pretty interesting read and it does make sense intuitively.
             | My few thoughts after skimming it that I'd like to learn
             | more about:
             | 
             | Does these scores correlate to scores 10 years later/etc,
             | or should we expect these children to recover?
             | 
             | > However, since all study visits take place in a clinical
             | setting, parents less concerned about the pandemic, and
             | those with strong social support networks, may have been
             | more likely to participate than those with greater
             | concerns.
             | 
             | This seems pretty impactful to me. If you consider that
             | people more worried about the pandemic were avoiding doctor
             | visits, and the study showed parent's education reduced the
             | effect they saw...
             | 
             | They kind of glossed over the fact that children born just
             | before the pandemic didn't have lower scores. I'm curious
             | about that since the first few weeks/months for newborns
             | they are not leaving the house much, so a pandemic
             | shouldn't have changed a whole lot there. Why were they
             | immune if the stages were they would've expected to start
             | leaving the house (4+ months) were taken away, just like
             | babies born during the pandemic?
        
         | dmingod666 wrote:
         | How do you measure baby IQ?
        
       | jaggs wrote:
       | This narrative has been on-going during the pandemic. Easy to
       | follow the money - https://www.mediamatters.org/coronavirus-
       | covid-19/conservati...
        
       | giorgioz wrote:
       | Is it just me or there are A LOT of articles about how Sweden is
       | better in doing X coming from the US and the UK recently? What's
       | going on here? Frankly it seems a bit of nationalist content
       | marketing after the 10th article I read in 3 years. Most of the
       | times the articles claim Sweden is doing better X but that X
       | could easily be applied to several other countries in Europe.
       | "Sweden offers free health care and education"... yeah A LOT of
       | countries in Europe do that. For this article too it seems the
       | overall achievement of Sweden are shared by many other countries
       | by somehow Sweden is being singled out.
       | 
       | I even googled it and found this: https://si.se/en/annual-report-
       | of-the-image-of-sweden-abroad... Is there a cultural infatuation
       | between the US/UK and Sweden? Is Sweden activally investing
       | resources to improve their perceived image?
        
         | throwaway_fjmr wrote:
         | Nope, you are looking at an article from the right-wing, anti-
         | lockdown, COVID-sceptic Telegraph ;)
        
         | T-A wrote:
         | > Is Sweden activally investing resources to improve their
         | perceived image?
         | 
         | Yes. Look at the About page on that site you found:
         | 
         | https://si.se/en/about-si/our-mission/
         | 
         |  _The Swedish Institute is a public agency that promotes
         | interest and trust in Sweden around the world._
        
         | anigbrowl wrote:
         | The funny thing is that the people glorifying Sweden's COVID-19
         | response historically reject comparisons with the country in
         | other areas like human rights, penal policy, economic model,
         | taxation policy etc. etc.
        
         | [deleted]
        
           | onemorepasta wrote:
           | Can you paste this one more time please. Do it for daddy.
        
       | neonate wrote:
       | https://archive.is/cL6qp
        
       | drudoo wrote:
       | Non-Swede who lived in Sweden basically all of 2020 here. We
       | basically self isolated most of the year and only did grocery
       | shopping with masks and keeping distance but a lot of people
       | really did not care about social distancing or masks. My wife and
       | I were often very uncomfortable being out of the house and really
       | did not like the relaxed guidelines. We commuted a lot to Denmark
       | and the contrast was huge. We felt so much safer and comfortable
       | being out shopping in Denmark compared to Sweden.
       | 
       | We moved to Denmark start 2021 and has been back and forth
       | between the two countries monthly and there's still a big
       | difference in behavior.
        
         | TheGigaChad wrote:
         | Soy
        
         | jansan wrote:
         | So now that Denmark is lifting basically all measures, are you
         | planning to move on?
        
           | marvin wrote:
           | Practically everyone is vaccinated now, or very soon. Most
           | people who were in favor of social distancing measures don't
           | want this stuff to be codified indefinitely, just because
           | they like limiting people's lifestyles.
           | 
           | The intention has always been to mitigate the worst health
           | effects of covid, which means temporary measures.
        
       | TheGigaChad wrote:
       | Good luck changing the opinion of the cuckdowncels.
        
       | polote wrote:
       | Can we ban discussion of covid restrictions on HN ? At that point
       | nobody is going to change his position.
       | 
       | Pro lockdown people will not change their opinion even if there
       | are proof that masks mandate and lockdowns dont work
       | 
       | Anti lockdown people will not change their opinion even if there
       | are proof that masks mandate and lockdowns works.
       | 
       | There is no point keep talking about it, unless you want to loose
       | your time arguing with someone who will never agree with you.
       | 
       | There was a post on HN a few days ago "Why it is so hard to be
       | rational ?" [1], it perfectly describes the current situation.
       | 
       | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28197482
        
       | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
       | Telegraph has an anti-lockdown agenda to push in the UK; it is
       | not an impartial source here.
       | 
       | In the UK the praise for the "Sweden model" comes particularly
       | from the conservative-aligned pro-business anti-lockdown lobby;
       | who are producing PR for their proposition that "lockdowns do
       | more (economic) harm than they do (public health) good". Right or
       | wrong, it's certainly not impartial reporting on a foreign
       | country, it's selling the idea that this should be policy at
       | home.
       | 
       | If you're reading such an article from a UK publication and
       | you're not in the UK, then you are not the target of this
       | marketing exercise. You are informational Bycatch.
        
         | spookthesunset wrote:
         | Your argument is that we should ignore news media with an "anti
         | lockdown" agenda?
         | 
         | It may come as a surprise but not every smart, well meaning
         | person supports the lockdowns. You can look at all the publicly
         | available data and come to the conclusion that they were a
         | colossal public health blunder.
         | 
         | I would argue the pro lockdown crowd have a huge bias toward
         | ignoring any bit of data that demonstrates lockdowns are a bad
         | idea.
        
           | Godel_unicode wrote:
           | One part of the problem is that the debate got incredibly
           | polarized with ad hominem and thinking of the children. The
           | majority of people on the internet citing 'science' and
           | 'data' (regardless of side) are people who have an opinion
           | and found a fact to support it to which they then cling for
           | dear life.
           | 
           | Another part of the problem is the degree to which our
           | understanding of facts has evolved. Take, for instance, the
           | body of evidence for and against PPE of all types and compare
           | it to what was being said in March of 2020.
           | 
           | The major failing of public policy was, in my opinion, the
           | inability to articulate the difference between what we knew
           | and what we thought. This was enhanced and exacerbated by the
           | public wanting answers now, and refusing to countenance "we
           | don't know".
           | 
           | When historians looks back at this period of history, they
           | are going to marvel at the degree to which we lionized people
           | who "stuck to their guns" and the degree to which we
           | denigrate people who change their opinion when the facts
           | change.
        
           | mattmanser wrote:
           | The telegraph has pretty much become the raving loony of the
           | right in the UK, not just because of this.
           | 
           | It's not a good news source anymore, if you want a rational
           | right-wing paper in the UK these days, read The Times.
           | 
           | Used to be the other way around.
        
         | anigbrowl wrote:
         | Have you ever noticed that the people who reject model-derived
         | predictions for things like pandemic and climate are extremely
         | confident about their economic forecasting ability? If only
         | some of these super-geniuses would share their unquestionable
         | brilliance with other fields, not to mention eliminating
         | recessions and financial panics.
        
           | throwawayboise wrote:
           | Why do we reject model-derived projections for the stock
           | market and accept them for climate and disease?
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | acdha wrote:
             | Which one of those has intelligence?
             | 
             | CO2 doesn't try to stymie your mitigation plans; a virus
             | has selective pressure but it's stochastic rather than
             | directed by an intelligent adversary. In contrast, the
             | stock market has a huge number of people with massive
             | resources who can make enormous profits when they find a
             | way to exploit some aspect of the system.
        
         | microtherion wrote:
         | Sweden not only had many more Covid-19 deaths than other
         | Scandinavian countries they also have considerably higher
         | unemployment:
         | 
         | https://twitter.com/Andreas_Hopf/status/1429523341510123528
         | 
         | So they traded more deaths for a WORSE economy (though, as far
         | as I know, the part about self reported mental health is true).
        
         | tomp wrote:
         | Does "conservative-aligned" still mean anything at all in the
         | UK, except an ad-hominem jab on a more liberally-oriented
         | website like HN?
         | 
         | There's basically no more serious non-conservative political
         | parties in the UK (Labour is mired in one scandal after another
         | and can't elect a proper leader), whereas the COVID lockdowns
         | (lasting roughly 8 months) were enacted by a conservative
         | leader.
        
           | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
           | > Does "conservative-aligned" still mean anything at all in
           | the UK
           | 
           | When it comes to UK newspapers of course it does.
           | 
           | > There's basically no more serious non-conservative
           | political parties in the UK
           | 
           | That's certainly an opinion, but one that is not relevant to
           | talking about newspapers.
           | 
           | > whereas the COVID lockdowns (lasting roughly 8 months) were
           | enacted by a conservative leader.
           | 
           | UK lockdowns were consistently too late, because the
           | Conservative government did not want too admit the necessity.
           | That's why the lockdowns had to be so long and repeated.
           | Pressure like this article exits because the UK Government is
           | know to be susceptible to it. Because they don't have their
           | own serious plans for COVID, or actually for anything else
           | either.
        
           | guerrilla wrote:
           | I don't understand your argument. You seem to be saying that
           | since there aren't any viable non-conservatives the
           | Conservatives are not conservatives and that this newspaper
           | isn't conservative.
        
       | beaunative wrote:
       | People, wake up, Sweden is so loosely populated that the safe-
       | distance is (almost) the regular distance. You risk of doing the
       | same thing in Bay Area would result in more cases and deaths
       | exponentially.
        
       | dghughes wrote:
       | I know a lot of right-wing types like to point to Sweden as an
       | example. But I'd argue whether what they did was right or wrong
       | the Swedish population was better prepared. Compared to the USA
       | the Swedish socialized medical system would mean that most of
       | their citizens probably started off healthier.
        
       | frankbreetz wrote:
       | I see a lot of articles about how government reactions were good
       | or bad for COVID. I have seen nothing regarding how a country's
       | environment and population density affect COVID, I guess it is
       | hard to push an agenda with that narrative. It seems the
       | country's that "responded" the best all have low population
       | density and/or are physically isolated from other countries. I
       | see people praising leadership from places like New Zealand and
       | South Korea, but maybe it is just easy to keep people out of
       | these places.
        
         | lrgzdmn wrote:
         | > I have seen nothing regarding how a country's environment and
         | population density affect COVID
         | 
         | This article does address that.
        
         | alliao wrote:
         | South Korea/Taiwan don't have low population density. Best
         | response comes from states with educated citizens with good
         | basic hygiene and understanding of exponential so are able to
         | accept early intervention. NZ have the benefit of citizens
         | actually trust the government; bit of a wet dream for many
         | politicians around the world.
        
           | frankbreetz wrote:
           | It seems improbable that all the best responses were all
           | effectively isolated island nations. I think they may have
           | another advantage.
        
         | qayxc wrote:
         | > I see people praising leadership from places like New Zealand
         | and South Korea, but maybe it is just easy to keep people out
         | of these places.
         | 
         | There's two components to this. The first is indeed that both
         | countries are relatively isolated islands. Yes, South Korea is
         | _technically_ a peninsula, but the part that connects it to the
         | mainland is separated by the best guarded border in the world,
         | so...
         | 
         | But the second component is how the situation was (and still
         | is) handled: instead of waiting for exponential growth of the
         | rate of new infections, both countries went into full emergency
         | mode immediately. South Korea in particular applied lessons
         | learned during the SARS crisis about a decade earlier and
         | invested heavily in automated testing equipment, etc.
         | 
         | In Europe, one of the critical failures was the inability to
         | quickly and cost-effectively ramp up testing due to the lack of
         | automated lab equipment.
         | 
         | Other critical aspects of disease control included
         | traceability, which worked exceptionally well in South Korea
         | due to the excellent cell coverage and prevalence of smartphone
         | app usage (plus permissive and practical data protection laws)
         | and willing participation and support of the population.
         | 
         | New Zealand is quick to order measures even if a single case is
         | being reported. This prevents exponential spreading and keeps
         | measures such as lock-downs short and reduces the overall
         | negative impact.
         | 
         | So it's really not just the location, but a number of measures
         | that most other countries simply failed to take.
         | 
         | The geography helps a lot, though, no question.
        
       | dmitriid wrote:
       | - Significantly higher mortality than immediate neighbors
       | 
       | - Economy suffered the same as neighbors, and the government was
       | quick to help big companies like Volvo (which immediately paid
       | dividends to shareholders), but small businesses couldn't get
       | their voices heard (even not-so-small businesses like airports)
       | 
       | Alternative history re-writers already hail this as the greatest
       | achievement ever.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | kybernetikos wrote:
       | It's so weird to see people still claiming this.
       | 
       | Sweden has relatively few neighbors, but compare it with any of
       | them, and it looks bad https://imgur.com/a/BlaU2SX
       | 
       | Yes, Sweden did well compared to the EU average, but a country
       | with very low population density, surrounded by very few
       | neighbors that all got the virus under control very quickly has a
       | lot of things going for it compared to the European average.
       | 
       | The difference between them and their neighbors isn't small.
       | 
       | Counterfactuals are always hard, and there might be valid non-
       | lockdown related excuses for why Sweden did so _poorly_ , but
       | it's really strange to be reading articles about how well Sweden
       | has done.
        
         | yodsanklai wrote:
         | Sweden is a different country than Norway or Finland, even
         | though they are neighbors. Also, being low population density
         | is irrelevant (you could have a huge country with everybody
         | crammed in a city, actually Stockholm is much denser than Oslo
         | for instance). Also, even within a single country, fatality
         | rates vary greatly.
         | 
         | I don't think anybody knows how Sweden would have done with a
         | different response to the Covid. In any case, on an objective
         | scale, I think they've done quite well and they had a less
         | miserable experience than the rest of us.
        
           | bachmeier wrote:
           | > I don't think anybody knows how Sweden would have done with
           | a different response to the Covid. In any case, on an
           | objective scale, I think they've done quite well and they had
           | a less miserable experience than the rest of us.
           | 
           | So first you claim we don't know. Then you claim they've
           | "done quite well". Which is it? What was the purpose of the
           | first sentence?
        
             | yodsanklai wrote:
             | I'm claiming we don't know what would have happened under
             | different policies (lockdown vs no lockdown) - and those
             | who pretend otherwise don't have scientific evidence to
             | back up their claims. Regardless, I'm claiming they've done
             | quite well under all possible objective metrics compared to
             | other European countries.
        
           | dijit wrote:
           | > Sweden is a different country than Norway or Finland
           | 
           | Pedantic "every country is a different country" aside; Norway
           | and Finland are absolutely fine comparatives.
           | 
           | The population density (in the populated areas), culture and
           | genetic make-up of these countries is so similar that they
           | may as well be considered the same country socioeconomically.
           | 
           | Hell, they used to even _be_ the same country (the union of
           | Kalmar).
           | 
           | I've lived in Finland and currently live in Sweden. As a
           | British person I see more similarities than differences.
           | (Language of Finland vs the Scandinavian languages not
           | withstanding)
        
             | yodsanklai wrote:
             | Your perception of a country doesn't make a scientific
             | evidence on why Norway of Finland could be taken as
             | reference point to assess Sweden strategy regarding Covid.
        
         | anigbrowl wrote:
         | _The Telegraph_ leans strongly conservative just as the
         | Guardian leans strongly left. This seems like a very slanted
         | article; it buries the mortality impact of CVOID until near the
         | end. I seriously doubt that Norway would prefer to swap its
         | ~10x lower death rate for Sweden 's GDP numbers. Further:
         | 
         |  _In a paper published last week in science journal Nature, Dr
         | Bhatt, together with the UK 's former government advisor Neil
         | Ferguson and other researchers, estimated that if the UK had
         | adopted Sweden's policies, its death rate would have been
         | between two and four times higher.
         | 
         | "What Sweden did was a pandemic response that involved large
         | numbers of interventions, a considerable amount of reliance on
         | population behaviour and population adherence, and a reliance
         | on the intricacies of what makes Swedish culture Swedish
         | culture," Dr Bhatt said.
         | 
         | "If the UK had adopted what Sweden did, I have no doubt in my
         | mind that it would have had an absolute disaster."_
         | 
         | -\\(deg_o)/-
         | 
         | Notably, the Telegraph is not calling for people int he UK to
         | be more like Swedes.
        
           | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
           | Weren't a lot of Sweden's deaths very early and from nursing
           | homes specifically because they were taking literally no
           | preventative measures, though?
           | 
           | They learned from this, and recommended different things for
           | older people and nursing homes, specifically, was my
           | understanding.
           | 
           | If you factor out all those deaths in the beginning - the
           | difference in deaths is not 10x.
           | 
           | And 10x doesn't really matter. If 1 person died in Norway and
           | 10 people died in Sweden, I don't think we'd be debating
           | much. Even in Sweden, they did not have as many deaths as
           | most other countries, and a lot of them were very early on.
        
         | Gwypaas wrote:
         | Why are people still arguing about a countries population
         | density in late 2021? It is a completely irrelevant metric,
         | lets include the Canadian arctic when calculating the density
         | of Toronto and the effects of Covid, makes a whole lot of
         | sense! A measure which actually has some relevance on country
         | scale is population weighted density.
         | 
         |  _" Population weighted density refers to a metric which
         | measures the density at which the average citizen lives. It is
         | calculated by taking weighted average of the density of all
         | parcels of land that make up a city, with each parcel weighted
         | by its population"_ [0]
         | 
         | By that measure we get Sweden is at 2693, Denmark at 2399 and
         | Finland at 1741. [1] Concluding that Denmark did amazingly well
         | given the cards they were dealt and Sweden is at the average of
         | Europe due to very a urbanised population compared to the size
         | of the country.
         | 
         | [0]: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/jrc-luisa-udp-pwd-
         | ref2...
         | 
         | [1]: https://jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc-
         | opendata/LUISA/Secon...
        
           | yyyk wrote:
           | >Why are people still arguing about a countries population
           | density in late 2021?
           | 
           | Because the _effective_ Swedish population density is very
           | low? The effective density is affected by household size, and
           | about 40% of Swedes live alone without children[0]. Sweden
           | had the biggest Corona infection vector neutered and still
           | did horribly.
           | 
           | [0] https://www.statista.com/statistics/526013/sweden-number-
           | of-...
        
           | mistrial9 wrote:
           | I suggest the measure density is a single value based on
           | housing units and not the right measure to care about in
           | itself. Instead look at public and private hygiene, isolation
           | practices and incident response profiles, per hundred
           | thousand or so.. not hectares per hundred thousand.
        
           | kybernetikos wrote:
           | Sure, there're a lot of factors that can affect how disease
           | spreads, like demographics, genetics, climate, health system,
           | sociability, temperature, cafe culture, saunas, wfh
           | incidence, international travel, travel links, tourism...
           | 
           | I'm quite happy to accept that 'population density' is
           | inadequate - I mention it only in passing in my comment, the
           | point I'm making is that Sweden is not a country you would
           | expect to perform at the european average, and given that,
           | the most natural thing to do is to compare a country with its
           | neighbors. Neighboring countries usually share many factors,
           | and on top of that, they have a direct transmission effect
           | too.
           | 
           | Sweden did _much_ worse than its neighbors. The explanation
           | for that is either in the ways that Sweden is different from
           | its neighbors, or in the difference in public policy.
           | 
           | I certainly don't know which to blame, but I don't want to
           | hear any more lionization of the Swedish approach that
           | doesn't solidly get to grips with that question.
        
         | tpmx wrote:
         | Swede here:
         | 
         | It's complex. I'm extremely unhappy with the way the Swedish
         | gov handled this.
         | 
         | I see two main failures:
         | 
         | 1. Not reacting quickly enough. Denmark and Norway reacted
         | quickly and strongly back in early March 2020. At this critical
         | point, Sweden's "CDC" dropped the ball in a monumental manner,
         | and the government didn't pick it up.
         | 
         | 2. Not protecting municipal elderly homes in a competent way,
         | early on. This is where most deaths happened. Norway in
         | particular handled this so much better.
         | 
         | And _of course_ we should compare ourselves to e.g. Denmark
         | /Norway/Finland.
         | 
         | I think the root cause of all this is that Sweden has not been
         | involved in a war in a very long time, unlike our neighbors.
         | We're pretty good when things are stable, but apparently awful
         | when things are dynamic/shit is going down.
         | 
         | Of course I have very specific opinions on what actually went
         | wrong and why, but that would be too detailed to be useful here
         | and also way too partisan.
        
         | eckesicle wrote:
         | In this case the neighbouring countries arent great
         | comparators. Population density has been mentioned elsewhere in
         | the thread. Large swaths of the country is empty with the
         | populace being very urbanised. Stockholm has a population
         | density on par with London, and Oslo is about half of that.
         | 
         | Also households look very different in Sweden compared to it's
         | neighbours. The average household size is among the lowest in
         | the world with a very high variability (in particular in poorer
         | areas where large family groups live together and were also
         | disproportionally hit by COVID). That probably had an outsize
         | effect as to why Sweden managed as well as they did. Social
         | distancing and personal space is also pretty much the norm in
         | Sweden even during non-pandemic times.
         | 
         | The Swedish CDC also says they believe they've fared worse than
         | Norway and Denmark because the last few flu seasons were very
         | mild in the country. Looking at the excess mortality numbers
         | for the last few years that does indeed seem to at least
         | explain some of the difference (although the claim has been
         | disputed by their Norwegian counterpart).
         | 
         | It's also notable that Sweden tends to do a little worse than
         | their neighbours through every flu season when it comes to
         | excess death. Maybe COVID also just exacerbated that effect
         | somewhat?
         | 
         | I think that the factors influencing COVID spread are so
         | complex that it is impossible to disentangle how effective any
         | political measures were in all but the most general terms.
         | 
         | In the end I think it mostly came down to luck, where those
         | countries that managed to avoid clusters and super spreader
         | events or more infectious strands early on fared better.
        
           | user-the-name wrote:
           | > In this case the neighbouring countries arent great
           | comparators
           | 
           | As someone living in a neighbouring country, this is
           | bullshit. They are perfect comparators. Basically exactly the
           | same.
           | 
           | Sweden didn't lock down. Everyone else did. Ten times more
           | people died in Sweden. End of story.
        
           | yyyk wrote:
           | >The Swedish CDC also says they believe they've fared worse
           | than Norway and Denmark because the last few flu seasons were
           | very mild in the country.
           | 
           | It's called the 'dry tinder' hypothesis, and it isn't born
           | out when researchers look at the data, e.g.
           | 
           | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34213362/
        
             | eckesicle wrote:
             | Thanks!
        
         | Closi wrote:
         | Eh, It all depends how you look at the statistics. Consider the
         | below:
         | 
         | * Sweden had c14k deaths. Average age of death was in the
         | eighty's - let's say Covid shortened life expectancy by 10
         | years on average (seems a conservative figure). Total life lost
         | is c140k life-years.
         | 
         | * If Sweden locked down like other countries for a year, this
         | would have been 10m people * 1 year = 10 million years of
         | lockdown. Let's say that people had a life that was 10% worse
         | during that time because of the restrictions of lockdown,
         | that's 1 million quality-adjusted life years lost.
         | 
         | If you are trying to optimise for "total quality-adjusted life
         | years" as a society across the full population rather than just
         | 'save lives' - Sweden's approach looks absolutely valid and
         | correct.
         | 
         | If your measure of success is 'minimise the absolute number of
         | lives lost to Covid, no matter what the cost' then it looks
         | poor.
        
         | gpsx wrote:
         | Your comment about counterfactuals reminds of a saying, or what
         | I would call a more accurate version of a common saying -
         | "Hindsight is 50/50". (Note, that doesn't make hindsight
         | necessarily wrong, just difficult to have confidence in.)
        
           | ismaildonmez wrote:
           | "Hindsight is 20/20" because perfect eyesight is 20/20:
           | https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/what-
           | does-20-...
        
             | gpsx wrote:
             | Yes, that is the point. The original saying is Hindsight is
             | 20/20, implying it is very accurate. This version of the
             | statement contradicts that, implying you can't really say
             | what would have happened if things were different.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > The original saying is Hindsight is 20/20, implying it
               | is very accurate.
               | 
               | That is how the saying is used, but oddly enough it's
               | pretty much the opposite of what 20/20 vision means.
        
               | sib wrote:
               | But 50/50 would be effectively the same meaning as 20/20.
               | 
               | (20/20 means "person being tested sees as well at 20 feet
               | as standard vision at 20 feet.")
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > But 50/50 would be effectively the same meaning as
               | 20/20.
               | 
               | This isn't obvious; consider that having 3,000/3,000
               | vision ("I can't read text all that well when it's half a
               | mile away") says pretty much nothing about how clearly
               | you can see things that are 20 feet away.
               | 
               | Nearsightedness and farsightedness are both characterized
               | by "normal vision" at certain distances which becomes
               | markedly worse at certain other distances.
        
             | Hamuko wrote:
             | 20/20 is actually just normal vision, not perfect eyesight.
        
               | throwawayboise wrote:
               | Yes, this just means you (first number) can see at 20
               | feet what the normal person (second number) can see at 20
               | feet. I don't know why 20 feet became the standard for
               | comparison.
        
               | irrational wrote:
               | What is perfect vision? I thought 20/20 meant you don't
               | need glasses or any other aids to see. Would perfect
               | vision being able to see everything in the
               | electromagnetic spectrum? How big would one eyes need to
               | be?
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > What is perfect vision?
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman#Powers,_abilities,
               | _an...
               | 
               | > I thought 20/20 meant you don't need glasses or any
               | other aids to see.
               | 
               | No, of course not. Try looking at Saturn at night. Then
               | try looking through a telescope. Odds are you'll see it
               | better with the aid.
        
               | schoen wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_acuity#Expression
               | 
               | > Some birds of prey, such as hawks, are believed to have
               | an acuity of around 20/2; in this respect, their vision
               | is much better than human eyesight.
               | 
               | The scale of how good vision can be keeps going and going
               | indefinitely (presumably until you get into physical
               | limitations to resolution related to wavelengths). While
               | 20/20 is considered normal and not in need of correction,
               | it doesn't mean it's the best vision observed among human
               | beings, or the best that's physically possible (for human
               | beings or other animals).
        
         | austhrow743 wrote:
         | The 1450 per million figure the article cites as the cost of
         | covid to Sweden actually makes them look worse than your own
         | data.
         | 
         | It's not an article about the cost of covid though, its about
         | the benefits of not fighting it as hard as other countries.
         | It's very light on that, not much of an attempt to quantify,
         | but still probs to it for even acknowledging that those
         | benefits exist and count for something.
         | 
         | The best write up I've seen so far on the topic is this [0]
         | which concludes:
         | 
         | > So every 52 months of stricter lockdown in counterfactual
         | Sweden would have saved one month of healthy life. You will
         | have to decide whether you think this is worth it, but it seems
         | pretty harsh to me.
         | 
         | > Might this be because these numbers are off, and the lockdown
         | would have saved more lives than the model allows? I don't
         | think that could change things very much. Remember, our
         | confidence interval included the scenario where strict lockdown
         | has 100% efficacy and prevents every single COVID case. Even if
         | this is true, that just means it's 21 months of stricter
         | lockdown to save one month of healthy life. Again, seems pretty
         | harsh.
         | 
         | [0] https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/lockdown-
         | effectiveness...
        
         | m4rtink wrote:
         | When you want to see how bad it can get, see the Czech Republic
         | in the top ten. We are land locked, quite high density and with
         | a lot of neighbors with a lot of regular cross border traffic.
         | There were lockdowns though arguably too late, chaotic and
         | often ignored.
         | 
         | End result ? 30000+ dead.
         | 
         | Well, at least it looks like the ammount of people who got
         | infected was quite massive as with only 50% vaccination rate
         | right now things are not going back to hell so far, with hardly
         | any precautions still in place.
        
         | jchook wrote:
         | Notice the article doesn't mention countries where proper
         | lockdown worked very well and took only around 100 days.
        
           | spookthesunset wrote:
           | And what, pray tell is a "proper lockdown"?
           | 
           | I hardly think NZ and AU are places to copy.
        
             | another_story wrote:
             | Taiwan had only a few weeks of full lockdown last year, and
             | then a few months of softer lockdown during the second
             | outbreak this year. During the recent outbreak it was WFH
             | and takeout from restaurants with certain businesses
             | closed. About 100 days later most things are open again.
             | 
             | They resisted a full lockdown and doubled down on contact
             | tracing. Went from 500+ cases a day to just a few now.
        
             | benjilb wrote:
             | Why not NZ?
             | 
             | We're in our 2nd 'level 4' lockdown in 18 months. The
             | economy is doing fine and for most of that 18 months we
             | were living completely normally. We have record low case
             | numbers and deaths.
        
             | hkt wrote:
             | NZ and AU are faring pretty differently. AU is wracked with
             | crisis and NZ has been business as usual for ages. The key
             | difference as I understand it is that NZ sacrificed easy
             | international travel for domestic wellbeing and AU didn't.
        
             | senectus1 wrote:
             | the states that do actual hard and fast lockdowns do well.
             | See WA, QLD, NT, SA.
        
           | jmnicolas wrote:
           | It's not like there are no adverse consequences to lockdowns
           | :
           | 
           | Tragedy: 1 MILLION more Brits have become alcoholics since
           | Covid lockdowns began
           | 
           | https://notthebee.com/article/nearly-1-million-more-brits-
           | ad...
        
             | duskwuff wrote:
             | Do you have any direct source for that statistic? The
             | article that you've linked to is the Babylon Bee -- a site
             | best known for their satire and fake articles -- lifting
             | some infographics from an (uncited) article in the Daily
             | Mail. Neither of these sources inspires confidence.
        
               | jmnicolas wrote:
               | Sorry I saw this circulate a few days ago and linked the
               | first thing I found on DDG.
               | 
               | I have no reason to think it's fake news.
        
               | bellyfullofbac wrote:
               | > I have no reason to think it's fake news.
               | 
               | Very sound logic (/s)! With this sort of reasoning people
               | invaded the Capitol on January 6th, because they were
               | certain their country was about to be taken over by a
               | Chinese-backed coup. Guess what, they also think what
               | they heard was legitimate, and they think their reasoning
               | work(ed) perfectly fine.
        
             | afuchs wrote:
             | > ... https://notthebee.com/article/nearly-1-million-more-
             | brits-ad...
             | 
             | This is very clearly a link to a satirical comedy site (in
             | the same category as The Onion).
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | elygre wrote:
             | Ref this
             | 
             | > Sorry I saw this circulate a few days ago and linked the
             | first thing I found on DDG. > I have no reason to think
             | it's fake news.
             | 
             | I think the expectation is that you should have a reason to
             | think that it's _not_ fake news before spreading it.
        
         | danjac wrote:
         | The Telegraph is essentially the mouthpiece of the British
         | commercial property landlord classes, who have a vested
         | interest in getting people back into the offices and shops in
         | their portfolios. On an average day you'll notice multiple
         | anti-remote working articles parroted by Cabinet ministers. Why
         | should they care how businesses conduct their business,
         | especially if it's more convenient and can lead to a happier
         | and more efficient workforce? Follow the money.
         | 
         | It used to be - many years ago - a stodgy and conservative yet
         | reputable newspaper (they fired Boris Johnson for lying, now he
         | moonlights as a columnist). As with other newspapers (e.g. WSJ)
         | it went off the deep end a long time ago.
        
           | avmich wrote:
           | > The Telegraph is essentially the mouthpiece of the British
           | commercial property landlord classes, who have a vested
           | interest in getting people back into the offices and shops in
           | their portfolios.
           | 
           | I'm curious, how does it work in reality? A boardroom
           | meetings where landlord's representative decide what to
           | publish in the next issue to get people into commercial
           | property? A weekly reviews of editors where they have their
           | KPI tied to how well they lure people into buildings? Phone
           | calls from commercial union leaders to publishing houses
           | asking for specific results? Do we have some good articles
           | which would describe mechanics of that or is it all
           | successful clandestine operations?
        
             | AndyPa32 wrote:
             | More like a boardroom full of landlords, I guess.
        
             | johnny53169 wrote:
             | If you're part of a small group of people, it's easy to
             | call your buddy when something bother you or a point of
             | view you don't like gets published
        
             | guerrilla wrote:
             | Micromanging is not necessary. They just set the tone and
             | don't hire people who would write anything opposed to their
             | policy [1] which they rarely need to explicitly convey,
             | although they do at times of course. People write things
             | that they really like get rewarded.
             | 
             | "Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass
             | Media" by Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky explains how
             | this work with a very large number of examples.
             | 
             | 1. https://youtu.be/9RPKH6BVcoM
             | 
             | 2. https://www.amazon.com/Manufacturing-Consent-Political-
             | Econo...
        
               | throwaway0a5e wrote:
               | Exactly.
               | 
               | Internet commenters love to think their enemy's minions
               | are stupid.
               | 
               | In reality they're just as smart as you are and don't
               | need to be specifically told what the people in charge do
               | and don't want published and/or what tone they should
               | take.
        
             | pharmakom wrote:
             | Marriage and friendship networks. Particularly those formed
             | in the public school ("public" means paid in UK) system. I
             | doubt it's official meetings, but rather discussions
             | outside work.
        
               | killjoywashere wrote:
               | Yep, it's the dinner after the committee meeting, the bar
               | after that. The weekend adventures, etc. That's where the
               | politics are discovered. And then coordinated.
        
               | overeater wrote:
               | How are public schools paid in the UK? Does that mean
               | private schools are the free schools? Or do they call
               | free public schools something else?
        
               | hkt wrote:
               | The ones everyone else goes to are generally referred to
               | as "state" schools.
        
               | rahoulb wrote:
               | It's a historical thing.
               | 
               | In the olden days the only way to get an education was
               | through privately tutoring.
               | 
               | So establishments where everyone was educated together
               | were "public" - even though you paid to attend.
               | 
               | Nowadays "public meaning paid" implies one of these
               | original public schools (Harrow, Eton and the like).
               | 
               | I went to a paid school, founded in 1513, but it wouldn't
               | be called "public" because it's not one of those original
               | schools and therefore not high enough in the class
               | system. It would be called "private".
               | 
               | "Public as in free to attend" schools are known as state
               | schools.
        
               | spindle wrote:
               | Just on a detail, I discovered recently that there have
               | been various official definitions of "public school" and
               | lists of public schools, and FWIW your school probably
               | counts as one according to those. But I agree with your
               | main points and your explanation.
        
             | lamontcg wrote:
             | You know in an interview loop where you consider "culture
             | fit?" That's it. That's the conspiracy.
             | 
             | For a journalism job at the Telegraph you're going to need
             | to have a resume where you've written the right kinds of
             | articles with the right kind of tone. Have a bunch of
             | articles that you've written sympathetic to Corbyn and
             | those around him and you ain't getting the job.
             | 
             | They won't even need to police you that hard once you've
             | gotten the job, because you've spent 20+ years being
             | brought up a certain way and you're probably not going to
             | massively deviate from your past all of a sudden,
             | particularly not if you're clearly getting paid well based
             | on your current trajectory. Once you get vetted in the
             | interview process they know what they're getting based on
             | the way you present yourself, the way you talk, your
             | background, where you grew up, the schools you went to,
             | etc. And when you've been there long enough you'll vet
             | other candidates the same way.
             | 
             | And its largely the same kind of interpersonal mechanics
             | that govern the formation of cliques in high school,
             | enforced by interviews and performance reviews, with large
             | incentives where if you conform you climb the ladder and
             | gain more wealth and power. Nobody needs to write it all
             | down just like there's no written rules that he art nerds
             | tend to hang out with the art nerds (and I'm sure there's
             | examples of people who you think you can point to who broke
             | the molds there, but they're notable precisely because they
             | broke the molds).
        
           | hkt wrote:
           | Where I live in Yorkshire we call it Tory Pravda. It seems to
           | just be propelled ever onwards by contrarianism.
        
           | corney91 wrote:
           | It was The Times that fired Boris Johnson for lying, The
           | Telegraph hired him after that.
           | 
           | They have gone off the deep end though. Some good coverage of
           | The Telegraph's fall in standards is Peter Oborne's
           | resignation letter:
           | https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/opendemocracyuk/why-i-
           | have-...
        
             | hkt wrote:
             | It continues to astonish me how far the telegraph (and
             | conservatism generally) has left people like Oborne behind.
             | Really quite something to behold, and pretty deeply
             | alarming.
        
       | whiddershins wrote:
       | While many people might point out that Sweden did in fact have
       | more deaths, the verdict on that is still out.
       | 
       | They are getting far fewer cases and deaths than many other areas
       | now, and have been for many weeks.
       | 
       | Couple that with the not-lost social interactions and economy
       | etc, and the fact that this was always (more or less) every
       | country's pandemic plan before we changed our mind for covid, and
       | it becomes a troubling indicator that our entire response may
       | have been irrational.
        
         | wwweston wrote:
         | We're done with the death comparisons over distancing measures
         | -- we've been past the point where that was in the running for
         | most effective intervention for months now. If Sweden fared
         | poorly during the time it was true, that's the conclusion.
         | We're in the phase where the comparisons are basically about
         | social/logistic/resource issues for vaccine uptake.
         | 
         | Also, the idea that the playbook has always been low-distance
         | intervention for pathogens of similar impact is wrong.
        
         | dragonwriter wrote:
         | > While many people might point out that Sweden did in fact
         | have more deaths, the verdict on that is still out
         | 
         | Other people would point out that Sweden experienced economic
         | effects and other indicia of behavioral changes roughly
         | equivalent to places that notionally, at least, had lockdowns.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | spookthesunset wrote:
         | A lot of people think what we did was part of some plan but
         | nope. If you go back and read various pandemic plans you'll see
         | we did basically the exact opposite of what they recommended.
        
         | sergiosgc wrote:
         | When Sweden decided for no lock-downs, we knew very little
         | about the virus. It was effectively a jump into the unknown.
         | 
         | Even if the decision proves beneficial, it was an error, in the
         | knowledge context of March 2020.
        
           | weego wrote:
           | Assuming that in any give situation, the only correct
           | decision in the absence of any knowledge is the most
           | conservative one. Which this would disprove and thus the
           | argument is provably false.
        
             | TheCowboy wrote:
             | Except that being wrong about how bad a virus is can be
             | catastrophic, especially when nearly every nation was
             | woefully underprepared. You can easily do math to
             | demonstrate how small changes in the variables of a virus
             | can lead to more dire outcomes.
             | 
             | What if China had taken the most conservative policy in
             | response to the appearance of covid-19? Maybe we would have
             | been spared the turmoil and disruption of this pandemic.
             | You're way too confident declaring this as "provably
             | false".
             | 
             | Hopefully our knowledge is greater and our preparedness
             | will be better such that we don't have to always take such
             | an aggressive policy position when faced with a novel
             | virus.
        
               | Ntrails wrote:
               | The job of Governing is not solely to minimise loss of
               | life, or to utterly avoid tail risks irrespective of
               | cost. (imo)
               | 
               | Focussing so myopically on the above has had unmeasurable
               | consequences on a huge variety of fronts. My prime fury
               | is reserved for closing schools. Extraordinary damage
               | done, gulfs in opportunity and experience widened. Nobody
               | cares much. Death stats are, after all, the only thing
               | that matters to the media at large
        
               | TheCowboy wrote:
               | This isn't what my comment is arguing. This is about the
               | outbreak phase when we don't know much. I appreciate some
               | of the points you're making but it's also not a binary
               | choice.
               | 
               | As we acquire more information, policy should evolve with
               | it. Limits on individual freedoms are blunt policy tools
               | that should be used only when necessary, because they
               | aren't zero cost.
               | 
               | I don't think we should have forever lockdowns at all.
               | I'm in the camp of "get vaccinated and move on with your
               | life" and that we should be more upfront about how
               | covid-19 isn't going to be eradicated anytime soon.
        
               | mavhc wrote:
               | You're pro having 30 people breathing in a small room
               | with bad airflow for multiple hours when there's a
               | pandemic?
               | 
               | If you don't know how it's transmitted, then try various
               | things and see if they help. We tried lockdown, and it
               | worked. So we kept doing it, if it didn't change the
               | situation we would have tried other things instead.
        
               | jansan wrote:
               | _We tried lockdown, and it worked. So we kept doing it_
               | 
               | No, we tried lockdowns, they did not work well, then
               | extended them, then again. In my country some school
               | children did not go to school for a whole year because
               | people with anxiety disorder thought opening schools
               | would kill children, parents and grand parents.
        
               | Ntrails wrote:
               | Yup. I think that fucking up the education of children,
               | especially those from low socio-economic status
               | backgrounds, is worse than the deaths not doing it
               | causes.
               | 
               | It is not that lockdown is bad or wrong. It is that I do
               | not agree with all the things which were hit. I
               | acknowledge there is a price to keeping education open
               | but I believe it would have been worthwhile.
               | 
               | Perhaps you missed my point? Governing is about more than
               | keeping the most people alive.
        
               | ctvo wrote:
               | > Perhaps you missed my point? Governing is about more
               | than keeping the most people alive.
               | 
               | Actually I believe that's table stakes for good
               | governance. Trading known deaths for possible impact to
               | development of children isn't even in the realm of equal,
               | which is why most places didn't do it.
        
               | bmeski wrote:
               | But we'll trade thousands of lives to secure some nice
               | minerals in Afghanistan. Cmon.
        
           | jansan wrote:
           | Here is an interview with Prof Johan Giesecke from April
           | 2020. In hindsight one can call his statements prophetic.
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bfN2JWifLCY
           | 
           | They had a clear plan, unlike other governments like Germany,
           | who still do not have a plan how to get out of this mess.
        
           | guerrilla wrote:
           | > Even if the decision proves beneficial, it was an error
           | 
           | That's subjective: It depends on how much risk you're willing
           | to take on. People here were pretty supportive of the policy,
           | so presumably willing to take on more risk than you. Like
           | you, I wasn't but that's just how it goes.
        
             | sergiosgc wrote:
             | Except if the risk is unknown you _don 't know_ how much
             | risk are you taking, and hence if it is above our below
             | your threshold.
             | 
             | When faced with a cataclysmic, albeit low probability,
             | event, the only course of action is the cautious one.
        
               | guerrilla wrote:
               | I don't know what model you're using in order to be able
               | to say that and I don't have any way to quantify it
               | either but clearly some people are willing to jump off
               | cliffs without knowing whether there's spikes or a
               | mattress below and it's obvious that they're willing to
               | take more risk than people who aren't, so your
               | quantification point is moot.
               | 
               | > When faced with a cataclysmic, albeit low probability,
               | event, the only course of action is the cautious one.
               | 
               | This is nothing but extreme risk aversion. Some people,
               | most, do not share it with you.
        
               | johanneskanybal wrote:
               | Not sending kids to school, eliminating social
               | interactions, shutting down businesses, this was the
               | drastic unknown experiment not the other way around. The
               | effects are becoming more apparent now and I'm sure there
               | will be a lot written about the subject in the future.
               | Gloating doesn't seem appropriate at this point but sure
               | after a year of the world screaming how bad we handled it
               | maybe a Swedish moderate amount of national pride is
               | warranted.
        
       | nickloewen wrote:
       | The article provides evidence to support the claim made in the
       | headline, but there are important caveats included at the end:
       | 
       | > The death rate was between three and four times that of
       | Denmark, and nearly 10 times those of Finland and Norway -
       | suggesting Swedes died that didn't need to.
       | 
       | > And Dr Bhatt does not think another, non-Nordic country such as
       | Britain could have copied Sweden's policies and got the same
       | results.
       | 
       | > With about 23 people per square kilometre, Sweden has about a
       | tenth of the population density of the UK, while about half of
       | Swedish households comprise just one person - a major factor in
       | local transmission.
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | Population density is meaningless for countries as a whole.
         | Most of Sweden is wilderness where hardly anyone lives. Swedes
         | mostly live in cities, just like Brits.
        
           | redisman wrote:
           | Swedes mostly live in low population density cities
        
             | apurtbapurt wrote:
             | Population density in the inhabited parts of Sweden is
             | similar to the Netherlands, only slightly less than
             | Denmark. Norway and Finland are much lower.
             | 
             | It is no Hong Kong for sure, but not quite as sparse as it
             | is often made out to be.
        
         | dance-me wrote:
         | If you're going to quote that, you should add the directly
         | relevant information from the other side:
         | 
         | * "But that death rate is lower than the average for the
         | European Union as a whole (1,684), and well below those of
         | France, Spain, Italy and the UK"
         | 
         | * Dr Bhatt concedes "it worked for Sweden"
         | 
         | * Dr Bhatt is "one of the team at Imperial College who pushed
         | the UK's lockdown strategy"
         | 
         | That last detail is important. Of course he has to say it
         | couldn't have worked in the UK. If he said anything else, that
         | would become the story. What's remarkable is that someone in
         | his position is conceding as much as he has.
        
           | alecst wrote:
           | Edit: I am wrong. The population density of the Stockholm
           | urban area is 4200 (2019), not 400 as I originally said. That
           | number is for the county, not the municipal area. Leaving the
           | rest of the comment so others can learn. Clearly the
           | population density of Stockholm, which holds about 10% of the
           | Swedish population, is not the relevant factor.
           | 
           | > Of course he has to say it couldn't have worked in the UK.
           | 
           | I'm guessing he didn't say it because he didn't think it was
           | true.
           | 
           | In Stockholm there are ~400 people per square km.
           | 
           | In Milan there are 2000, in Madrid there are 5400, in London
           | there are 5700, and in Paris there are 20,000. This detail
           | alone -- ignoring other cultural and demographic differences
           | between northern and southern Europe -- could be enough on
           | its own to soften the blow.
        
             | wk_end wrote:
             | That's the population density of Stockholm county. The
             | population density of the city of Stockholm is 5200 per
             | square km.
        
               | alecst wrote:
               | You are right. I am wrong.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockholm_urban_area
               | 
               | I find ~4200 on Wikipedia but your point stands.
        
               | wk_end wrote:
               | FWIW, the main Wikipedia page on Stockholm lists a
               | "Density" of ~5200, an "Urban Density" of ~4200 and a
               | "Metro Density" of ~400. I admittedly don't know which is
               | the most useful one here. Population density metrics are
               | tricky.
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockholm
               | 
               | And not to be too scold-y, but 400 people per sq km is
               | the population density of small middle-American towns. I
               | know Stockholm isn't the biggest city by any means, but
               | it's still a national capital and a cosmopolitan old-
               | world city; a moment of reflection tells you it's gotta
               | be denser than, like, Little Falls, Minnesota.
        
               | alecst wrote:
               | Definitely a learning moment for me. Means that the
               | question of Sweden may not be so simple.
               | 
               | That said, most of the populations doesn't live in
               | Stockholm, so that probably was a bad place to start to
               | begin with.
        
             | jeltz wrote:
             | As someone who lives in Stockholm and who has visited Milan
             | multiple times I would say both cities have a pretty
             | similar population density and any difference you might see
             | will be due to how the city borders are selected. Neither
             | city is particularly dense or particularly sparse.
        
           | bryanrasmussen wrote:
           | >But that death rate is lower than the average for the
           | European Union as a whole (1,684), and well below those of
           | France, Spain, Italy and the UK
           | 
           | I mean one reason why you might want to compare Sweden to
           | other Nordic countries is because you might assume that
           | Nordic countries are more similar to each other than they are
           | to Italy etc.
        
             | tephra wrote:
             | While that is very true. One thing to note is that we are
             | also very different countries. One of my main gripes during
             | the last almost 2 years now is the implication that Norway,
             | Sweden, Denmark and Finland are basically the same. Which
             | is far from true.
        
       | varjag wrote:
       | Hope that offsets the excess 10k dead.
        
         | lazyjones wrote:
         | What "excess 10k dead"? Sweden basically only reported excess
         | mortality in early 2020 and since then it has a mortality
         | deficit.
        
           | varjag wrote:
           | Sweden has ~14k official COVID deaths. Neighbouring Norway,
           | at half the population and a moderate lockdown/PPE policy,
           | has ~800 COVID deaths. The culture, climate, population
           | density and demographics are very close.
           | 
           | All these extra Swedes died for sheer ineptitude of their
           | government. There's hardly any difference in economic impact
           | either.
        
             | ptr wrote:
             | The socioeconomic group that had the most deaths were
             | people of foreign background aged 65 or more. Maybe Sweden
             | just has a proportionally larger group of those?
        
             | lazyjones wrote:
             | Covid deaths aren't the same as "excess deaths". It's just
             | one of many causes of deaths over a year. Excess deaths is
             | the difference between expected (typically an average of
             | the past 5 years) and actual number of deaths in a year.
             | IOW, due to the circumstances, excess deaths can be 0
             | despite Covid deaths being > 0.
        
           | ctvo wrote:
           | I'm genuinely curious: Couldn't a quick Google give you this
           | data? Where did you get your position from?
           | 
           | Lots of folks have post fact information these days, based on
           | FB articles and other sources, but how did you end up with
           | yours as a long time user here?
        
             | MatteoFrigo wrote:
             | One good source of excess mortality data for a large part
             | of Europe (plus Israel for some reason) is at
             | https://euromomo.eu/graphs-and-maps/, which also groups
             | data by age in addition to country.
             | 
             | It may come as a surprise that, in the area covered by this
             | source, excess mortality for children age 0-14 was actually
             | negative in 2020.
        
             | lazyjones wrote:
             | I am not sure what parts of my post you have issues with.
             | 
             | https://www.scb.se/en/About-us/news-and-press-
             | releases/exces...
        
       | gus_massa wrote:
       | Original article: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-
       | news/2021/08/22/sweden-exp...
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Yes. We've changed the URL to that from
         | https://archive.is/cL6qp#selection-509.1-509.116. Thanks!
         | 
         | Submitters: please post the original source so people know the
         | site the article is coming from, and for the sake of the
         | archives here.
         | 
         | If there's a paywall workaround, it's fine to post it in the
         | thread.
        
       | tomohawk wrote:
       | The excess mortality for the past few years in Sweden:
       | 
       | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/excess-mortality-raw-deat...
       | 
       | Better than most, not as good as some. Certainly not the
       | catastrophe predicted by some.
        
         | ambicapter wrote:
         | I think they benefit from their relatively low pop density.
        
           | shadilay wrote:
           | Nearly 90% of Sweden lives in high population density urban
           | environments.
           | 
           | https://www.statista.com/statistics/455935/urbanization-
           | in-s...
        
         | cygx wrote:
         | With hindsight, there's certainly a discussion to be had about
         | the Covid response of any European country that experienced
         | significant excess mortality in April 2020, because it didn't
         | have to be that way.
         | 
         | There may be extenuating circumstances in some instances, but
         | in case of Sweden, I'm not sure what they would be. As far as I
         | can see, policy makers rolled the dice and lost (assuming
         | preservation of life is the metric of choice) - though that
         | failure becomes less significant as time goes on and the
         | fraction representing initial excess mortality starts
         | shrinking...
        
         | kybernetikos wrote:
         | It really depends who you're comparing with. If you're
         | comparing with high population countries with lots of neighbors
         | / travel links, then they did great.
         | 
         | If you're comparing with literally any of their neighbors, then
         | they did really really badly. Their excess mortality was around
         | 1000 per million (i.e. around 10,000 more people dead than
         | expected), while Denmark, Finland and Norway were much much
         | less.
        
       | [deleted]
        
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