Post AvF3acmujS9vq3amSe by Nonilex@masto.ai
(DIR) More posts by Nonilex@masto.ai
(DIR) Post #AvF0jvb5rwR0v0o9bM by Nonilex@masto.ai
2025-06-18T02:41:20Z
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#GiftArticleWhen The #Military Comes To American SoilBy Joshua Braver#Domestic deployment of active-duty US military, as is now taking place in #LosAngeles, is both rare & perilous. Not since the 1992 riots in that same city has the country seen such a use of the armed services. But that was a one-off. The more relevant, & worrying, parallel may be the period from 1957 to the end of 1968, when military forces actively patrolled US soil on 8 separate occasions.#lawhttps://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2025/06/prior-domestic-deployments/683186/?gift=guxsrl_dAdXUP9zqbQPWxRbJ5YAKs0rd5aF2tLxN-X0
(DIR) Post #AvF0yXbnLBKCrY6VTk by Nonilex@masto.ai
2025-06-18T02:44:06Z
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…Those 8 deployments resulted in just 1 fatality—a testament to remarkable restraint by the #military. But many of the norms that fostered such restraint—#bipartisan consensus, respect for institutional #expertise, & well-planned #RulesOfEngagement—are today weaker, or gone altogether. What’s more, whereas US #marines were previously accompanied by #Army military #police trained in crowd control & de-escalation, they are now deployed alone, an unsettling break w/past practice.#law #Trump
(DIR) Post #AvF1NPuZ60ZKEIkGoq by Nonilex@masto.ai
2025-06-18T02:48:36Z
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The 12 years spanning 1957 to 1968 were a period of great societal tumult & revolution, especially over #race & the #VietnamWar. Of the 8 deployments, 2 were to enforce #desegregation court orders, most famously at #LittleRock, #Arkansas, in 1957. 4 were to quell riots, 3 of which were part of the numerous outbreaks across the country that followed the #assassination of #MartinLutherKingJr in 1968.#law #Trump #Title10 #PosseComitatusAct #military #NationalGuard #Marines #LosAngeles #autocracy
(DIR) Post #AvF1XVoA1jP7PiYzkO by Nonilex@masto.ai
2025-06-18T02:50:26Z
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And the remaining 2 were in response to #protests: one to #protect a famous 1965 march of #CivilRights activists in #Selma, #Alabama, to push for the #VotingRightsAct, & the other to tamp down a forgotten & chaotic attempt by anti-Vietnam protesters to blockade the Pentagon in 1967.#law #Trump #Title10 #PosseComitatusAct #military #NationalGuard #Marines #LosAngeles #autocracy
(DIR) Post #AvF1ZGx8EILVv6bCMa by Nonilex@masto.ai
2025-06-18T02:50:45Z
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That 1967 deployment was perhaps the most extraordinary. In a surreal prelude to the confrontation, as the rock band the #Fugs played, #AbbieHoffman & #AllenGinsberg chanted to levitate the building, turn it orange, & exorcise its demons—a ritual humorously sanctioned in the #protest permit.#law #Trump #Title10 #PosseComitatusAct #military #NationalGuard #Marines #LosAngeles #autocracy
(DIR) Post #AvF2Ea328flh123ZcO by Nonilex@masto.ai
2025-06-18T02:58:13Z
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(The… [#GSA] did, however, stipulate that the #Pentagon could be levitated no more than 3'….) Although ~50k demonstrators marched to the Pentagon, ~2,500 took part in a direct assault on the bldg.…some smashed windows & tried to force open the doors, others hurled objects & splashed paint on…soldiers stationed inside. #Military #police from the 503rd #MP Battalion formed the first line of defense inside the entrance,…blocking & repelling #protesters who briefly breached the glass doors &…foyer.
(DIR) Post #AvF2J8nurGpTy69zqS by Nonilex@masto.ai
2025-06-18T02:59:03Z
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As pressure mounted, commanders deployed paratroopers from the 1st Battalion, 325th Infantry, 82nd Airborne Division, who engaged demonstrators outside the entrance & helped stabilize the scene. By day’s end, 21 civilians were reported injured—7 treated at the scene & 14 hospitalized—but, remarkably, no fatalities had occurred.#law #Trump #Title10 #PosseComitatusAct #military #NationalGuard #Marines #LosAngeles #autocracy
(DIR) Post #AvF2Vu9ucVQGJNXERs by Nonilex@masto.ai
2025-06-18T03:01:21Z
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Indeed, this absence of lethal force proved typical: The only fatality caused by active-duty #soldiers during this 12-yr period occurred during the 1967 #Detroit riots. The low number of deaths is at least partly why, except for the 101st Airborne’s deployment to #LittleRock, most Americans barely remember these earlier #domestic #military interventions. Even in moments of widespread turbulence, the active-duty military exercised restraint overall.#law #Trump #Title10 #PosseComitatusAct
(DIR) Post #AvF2mUzBSxFrA5Qh5U by Nonilex@masto.ai
2025-06-18T03:04:21Z
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By contrast, people remember the #KentState #massacre of 1970 because it was a bloody failure by the #NationalGuard, during which 4 #students were #killed. Indeed, during this period, many #police & National Guard units responded to unrest with heavy-handed tactics that resulted in many #civilian injuries & #fatalities.#law #Trump #Title10 #PosseComitatusAct #military #NationalGuard #Marines #LosAngeles #autocracy
(DIR) Post #AvF32JNAPYjnmGBgWm by Nonilex@masto.ai
2025-06-18T03:07:12Z
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The Army’s conduct during these deployments was far from flawless. In addition to credible allegations of #ExcessiveForce, the #Army carried out extensive #domestic #surveillance, often tracking #civilians & #protest groups without legal #authority or #oversight. And although its own use of force was generally restrained, its involvement helped blur the line between #military & #police roles.#law #Trump #Title10 #PosseComitatusAct #NationalGuard #Marines #LosAngeles #autocracy
(DIR) Post #AvF3BnaHSGbg5CqSbQ by Nonilex@masto.ai
2025-06-18T03:08:55Z
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That blurring contributed to a long-term shift in civilian #LawEnforcement — one that encouraged the adoption of #military - style equipment & tactics, & helped lay the groundwork for the sort of aggressive #police force that is common today.What accounted for the #Army’s restraint? Although society was as divided as it is today, #political elites were not yet #polarized & still placed trust in apolitical #expertise.#law #Trump #Title10 #PosseComitatusAct #NationalGuard #Marines #autocracy
(DIR) Post #AvF3NNSePD7uXSnVOS by Nonilex@masto.ai
2025-06-18T03:11:01Z
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Leadership & #lawyers at the #DOJ & the #Pentagon, & leadership in the #ArmedServices, worked closely w/ senior officers in the #Army to develop standing operating procedures & situation-specific #RulesOfEngagement aimed at minimizing the #UseOfForce.#law #Trump #Title10 #PosseComitatusAct #military #NationalGuard #Marines #LosAngeles #autocracy
(DIR) Post #AvF3acmujS9vq3amSe by Nonilex@masto.ai
2025-06-18T03:13:24Z
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Notably, that restraint came from the #Army specifically, especially the #MilitaryPolice. Historically, Army #military police & #infantry have often been deployed together during #civil disturbances, but w/distinct roles. Military police typically formed the first line of engagement w/crowds, given that their regular duties — #LawEnforcement, making arrests, & maintaining order on military bases — most closely resembled #domestic policing. Infantry units, by contrast, were positioned as backup.
(DIR) Post #AvF3knoqZbdOwmLjZw by Nonilex@masto.ai
2025-06-18T03:15:14Z
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After these deployments, the #ArmedForces updated their guidelines to reflect & summarize the practices they had been implementing. That document, Operation Garden Plot, stated that #troops were to use “minimum necessary force,” be courteous, & “avoid appearing as an invading alien force.” #Military personnel were prohibited from loading or firing their #weapons without the direct authorization of an officer, except in cases of self-defense where lives were in immediate danger.#law #Trump
(DIR) Post #AvF41OfBM6Jjqmk2sK by Nonilex@masto.ai
2025-06-18T03:18:14Z
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The #Marines—who have a reputation for lethality—were deployed only twice during this period: once during the 1967 #protest at the #Pentagon, where they appear to have played a minor role, & again amid the violent unrest in Washington, DC, following #MLK’s #assassination. President John F. Kennedy considered sending them to help #desegregate the University of #Mississippi in 1962 but ultimately declined.#law #Trump #Title10 #PosseComitatusAct #military #NationalGuard #LosAngeles #autocracy
(DIR) Post #AvF47W4ohn1Aa2eMwy by Nonilex@masto.ai
2025-06-18T03:19:21Z
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And the #Marines were held in reserve on several occasions: after #MLK won his battle against Bull Connor in the 1963 #Birmingham, #Alabama, campaign for #desegregation of downtown stores, during which firebombings of a #CivilRights headquarters & King’s brother’s hotel room had sparked riots, & during the 1963 #MarchOnWashington.#law #Trump #Title10 #PosseComitatusAct #military #NationalGuard #LosAngeles #autocracy
(DIR) Post #AvF4HiI897BtMLjvRg by Nonilex@masto.ai
2025-06-18T03:21:12Z
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The reasons for the rareness of #Marine #domestic deployments are debated, but one likely factor is that past admins may have considered the #Marines’ reputed #lethality ill-suited to sensitive domestic operations. Although Marine training is broadly similar to that of the #Army #infantry, the Corps has long cultivated a more #aggressive combat identity. One of its unofficial slogans…bluntly puts it: “United States Marine Corps—when it absolutely, positively has to be destroyed overnight.”#law
(DIR) Post #AvF4MrwvfIN0lGHVpI by noondlyt@hellions.cloud
2025-06-18T03:22:05Z
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@Nonilex A Few Good Men
(DIR) Post #AvF4Xs4zWQ3GLlIa4u by Nonilex@masto.ai
2025-06-18T03:24:06Z
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More mundanely, the explanation may come down to logistics. The #MarineCorps is a relatively small force & has rarely been stationed near sites of #domestic unrest. However, Camp Pendleton—home to the largest concentration of #Marines in the continental #UnitedStates—sits just a few hours from #LosAngeles & is far closer than the nearest viable #Army unit, 45 miles south of Seattle. There may have been practical reasons to deploy the Marines.#law #Trump #Title10 #PosseComitatusAct #military
(DIR) Post #AvF4dUsIi2Go7T2sFc by noondlyt@hellions.cloud
2025-06-18T03:25:06Z
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@Nonilex Takes 50 minutes to get to downtown LA from Camp Pendleton
(DIR) Post #AvF4m7kK4QmAzeQYam by Nonilex@masto.ai
2025-06-18T03:26:41Z
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Still, the deeper question is whether this admin seriously weighed those trade-offs—or simply found it convenient that a force w/such a fearsome reputation, one viewed by past admins as a liability in domestic missions, happened to be nearby.Most important, though, is this: Since 1945, no branch of the #ArmedForces has EVER been deployed for a #domestic mission WITHOUT #MilitaryPolice as the initial line of contact. In that regard, what’s happening today in #LA is truly extraordinary.#law
(DIR) Post #AvF5TEkltSNvB6C9tg by Nonilex@masto.ai
2025-06-18T03:33:53Z
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The #political conditions surrounding the current deployment are dramatically different from those during that prior wave. #Polarization has spread from society to the political elites, who now, more than ever, seek to use the #military for political gain. On the #Republican side, Donald #Trump appears eager to deploy the #Army against left-wing #protesters.#law #Title10 #PosseComitatusAct #NationalGuard #Marines #LosAngeles #autocracy
(DIR) Post #AvF5TIBT8eWToli1QW by zl2tod@mastodon.online
2025-06-18T03:33:51Z
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@Nonilex I wonder if the unofficial Marines slogan"United States Marine Corps—when it absolutely, positively has to be destroyed overnight."has anything to do with the now discarded slogan of New Zealand's capital city"Absolutely Positively Wellington".
(DIR) Post #AvF5UWqC88G1Z5LcSO by Nonilex@masto.ai
2025-06-18T03:34:42Z
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#Trump has stacked the #DOJ & the #Pentagon with personal #loyalists, & has tended to bypass the Office of Legal Counsel [#OLC] — the institution traditionally responsible for vetting the legality of executive actions. Although the standard guidelines & procedures for past #domestic deployments remain on the books, there is substantial reason to doubt that the civilian leadership will follow them.#law #Title10 #PosseComitatusAct #military #NationalGuard #Marines #LosAngeles #autocracy
(DIR) Post #AvF5xPQEn8fuxDyg9Q by Nonilex@masto.ai
2025-06-18T03:39:14Z
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Yet some institutional checks continue to function, even if unevenly. The federal #judiciary has been a source of significant pushback against the admin. Already, a federal district court judge in #California has ruled that #Trump’s deployment of the #NationalGuard in CA was illegal (though the ruling was almost immediately put on hold for further review).#law #Title10 #PosseComitatusAct #military #Marines #LosAngeles #autocracy
(DIR) Post #AvF69elPZtb40gio1w by Nonilex@masto.ai
2025-06-18T03:42:04Z
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But the #Marines remain deployed, the #legal authorities & precedents granting the president #power over #domestic deployments are broad, & #SCOTUS tends to be highly deferential to the president in this area.Within the #ArmedServices, trained & principled leaders remain in place & prepared to navigate these challenges w/discipline & integrity. However, they face an uphill battle against increasing pressure from #Trump & must continue to respect the principle of #civilian control of #military.
(DIR) Post #AvF6H6OhEdwHk1eBlY by Petr90@mastodonczech.cz
2025-06-18T03:43:26Z
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@Nonilex MAGA odstraní z cesty každého kritika a z voleb bude jen divadlo po vzoru Ruska. Zvolili jste kopii Putina a jeho diktaturu.
(DIR) Post #AvF6QlIMXzmvBqI5YW by Nonilex@masto.ai
2025-06-18T03:45:14Z
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The recent dismissal of the chair of the #JointChiefs of Staff & the judge advocate generals [#JAG] has sent a chilling message to the #military: Disagreement w/the #Trump admin’s edicts may come at a steep cost.In the past, military deployments have been forgotten because the wave of unrest broke gently. This time, however, the wave may crash violently, & the wreckage it leaves…could be substantial: to the #Army’s legitimacy, …health of American #democracy, &… #civilian lives it may cost.
(DIR) Post #AvF6rlQ2CAaPOOkqvI by DoNotPunchDown@mastodon.social
2025-06-18T03:50:05Z
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@Nonilex And 11 days later, the murders at Jackson Statehttps://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/jackson-state-killings-1970/
(DIR) Post #AvFE7HkCzYadfeXUh6 by Archnemysis@mastodon.social
2025-06-18T05:11:19Z
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@Nonilex Not sure if they we’re MP’s or not, but in 2016 the National Guard was definitely called to perform law enforcement actions against US citizens: https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/02/22/514988040/key-moments-in-the-dakota-access-pipeline-fight