Return-Path: Received: by massis.lcs.mit.edu (8.7.4/NSCS-1.0S) id JAA06631; Thu, 1 May 1997 09:09:15 -0400 (EDT) Date: Thu, 1 May 1997 09:09:15 -0400 (EDT) From: editor@telecom-digest.org Message-Id: <199705011309.JAA06631@massis.lcs.mit.edu> To: ptownson Subject: TELECOM Digest V17 #107 TELECOM Digest Thu, 1 May 97 09:09:00 EDT Volume 17 : Issue 107 Inside This Issue: Editor: Patrick A. Townson EBS Problems? (Mark J. Cuccia) Utah Delays 801 Relief Three Months (John Cropper) Re: Why both 1+10 and 10 on my CID (Michael J. Tardiff) Re: Why both 1+10 and 10 on my CID (Jeff Hollingsworth) Weird Line Operation - MTU? (Jim Wall) U S WEST's National Directory Assistance (Jim Jacobs) Re: Florida PSC to Revisit 904 Split (Linc Madison) Re: Florida PSC to Revisit 904 Split (David W. Tamkin) UCLA Short Course on "Commercial Satellite Communications" (Bill Goodin) UCLA Short Course on "Digital Signal Processing" (Bill Goodin) PROspect 3549 (Carl Navarro) TELECOM Digest is an electronic journal devoted mostly but not exclusively to telecommunications topics. It is circulated anywhere there is email, in addition to various telecom forums on a variety of public service systems and networks including Compuserve and America On Line. It is also gatewayed to Usenet where it appears as the moderated newsgroup 'comp.dcom.telecom'. Subscriptions are available to qualified organizations and individual readers. Write and tell us how you qualify: * subscriptions@telecom-digest.org * The Digest is edited, published and compilation-copyrighted by Patrick Townson of Skokie, Illinois USA. You can reach us by postal mail, fax or phone at: Post Office Box 4621 Skokie, IL USA 60076 Phone: 847-727-5427 Fax: 773-539-4630 ** Article submission address: editor@telecom-digest.org ** Our archives are available for your review/research. The URL is: http://telecom-digest.org (WWW/http only!) They can also be accessed using anonymous ftp: ftp hyperarchive.lcs.mit.edu/telecom-archives/archives (or use our mirror site: ftp ftp.epix.net/pub/telecom-archives) A third method is the Telecom Email Information Service: Send a note to archives@telecom-digest.org to receive a help file for using this method or write me and ask for a copy of the help file for the Telecom Archives. ************************************************************************* * TELECOM Digest is partially funded by a grant from the * * International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in Geneva, Switzerland * * under the aegis of its Telecom Information Exchange Services (TIES) * * project. Views expressed herein should not be construed as represent-* * ing views of the ITU. * ************************************************************************* Finally, the Digest is funded by gifts from generous readers such as yourself who provide funding in amounts deemed appropriate. Your help is important and appreciated. A suggested donation of twenty dollars per year per reader is considered appropriate. See our address above. All opinions expressed herein are deemed to be those of the author. Any organizations listed are for identification purposes only and messages should not be considered any official expression by the organization. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 13:12:01 -0500 From: Mark J. Cuccia Subject: EBS Problems? The EBS (Emergency Broadcasting System) has been going through enhancements over the past few years, as I've read in various broadcast communications engineering and industry journals. From what I understand, there is supposed to be a silent 'digital' alerting tone, which will replace the _LOUD_ two-tone (analog) alerting signal that we've heard for a few decades. (I seem to recall reading that originally, the analog alerting tone was a single frequency). One weekday afternoon about a week or two ago, I was listening to WBYU-AM/1450, a station that airs nostalgic music from the 1930's through the 1960's. Most of the time, they carry a satellite fed service from ABC-Radio in Dallas TX, called the "Satellite Music/News Networks", with the particular satellite music format called "Stardust". The network itself airs news from ABC's American Direction Radio Network. At approximately 2:55pm Central Time, the music feed went 'dead', and I heard several _LOUD_ pulses of multiple frequencies. Then I heard the 'standard' EBS dual-frequency alerting signal. I then heard a voice which sounded like a telephone or two-way radio stating "EBS Test for WLS Radio Chicago. Come in, WLS. Hello, WLS?" The entire 'interruption' into the satellite music feed from Dallas ran about five minutes. WLS Radio (as Pat knows) is owned and operated by ABC Radio. I had thought that something went astray in ABC Radio's Satellite automation. (Pat, since WLS is currently a news/talk format, rather than the top-40 music format that it was in the late 1960's though the 1980's(?), do they carry ABC's Paul Harvey again?) A few days after this incident, I heard on Charles Osgood's feature on the CBS Radio Network that the enhanced EBS had a failure the other day, with a closed-circuit test for a particular Chicago radio station being heard all over the country over a broadcast radio network. A few days after that, while listening to Rush Limbaugh on WWL-AM/870, I heard the very SAME pulses of _LOUD_ multiple frequencies. However, I didn't hear any 'standard' EBS tone nor a request for WABC or WLS to 'come-in'. Limbaugh's three-hour radio talkshow is produced by EFM/EIB, although it is distributed over ABC Radio's satellite service. On Tuesday 29 April, while listening to G. Gordon Liddy's national talkshow on WTIX-AM/690, I again heard these same several pulses of _LOUD_ multiple frequencies for a few seconds. Liddy's broadcast is satellite distributed by Infinity/Westwood. Westwood also owns the Mutual Broadcasting System and the NBC Radio Network. Infinity and Westinghouse have some form of merger or association which was announced last year. Westinghouse owns or manages the CBS Radio Network, and I've recently been hearing Liddy mention that his program is on the Columbia Broadcasting System. BTW, CBS Radio's webpage (http://www.cbsradio.com) displays the logo currently used by Westwood/Mutual, in addition to the CBS 'eye' logo (the 'eye' was _NOT_ the logo of CBS Radio back in 70's, but rather a series of 'radiowaves'). Has anyone else been recently hearing these EBS tone-burst signals on local or national radio or television? One would think that these tones wouldn't be audible if the new enhanced system was supposed to be 'fully digital'. MARK_J._CUCCIA__PHONE/WRITE/WIRE/CABLE:__HOME:__(USA)__Tel:_CHestnut-1-2497 WORK:__mcuccia@mailhost.tcs.tulane.edu|4710-Wright-Road|__(+1-504-241-2497) Tel:UNiversity-5-5954(+1-504-865-5954)|New-Orleans-28__|fwds-on-no-answr-to Fax:UNiversity-5-5917(+1-504-865-5917)|Louisiana(70128)|cellular/voicemail- ------------------------------ From: John Cropper Subject: Utah Delays 801 Relief Three Months Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 20:02:32 -0400 Organization: lincs.net Reply-To: jcropper@NOSPAM.lincs.net Another state has put NPA relief on hold, this time over concerns by the NANC with regards to inequities in relief duration as a direct result of the 801/435 split. As originally proposed, the split would separate the Wasatch front (801) from the rest of the state (435). 801 would last until 2004, while 435 would last until 2024. NANC guidelines set forth in February 1997 state that a difference of no greater than fifteen years exist in a split-relief situation. In a filing April 16th, Utah regulators decided to DELAY relief of 801 for three months, while they sought a variance from the NANC, permitting the split to proceed as originally approved. This would push permissive dialing back to September 22nd, 1997. No reference was made to changing mandatory dialing, originally scheduled as January 18th, 1998, and it is not known at this time whether this will also change. Refer to http://web.state.ut.us/bbs/PSC/DL05/11146P.WPD on the Utah web server for full details. Please note that you will need WP 5.1 to read it (or a compatible converter). John Cropper, Webmaster voice: 888.NPA.NFO2 Legacy IS, Networking & Comm. Solutions 609.637.9434 P.O. Box 277 fax: 609.637.9430 Pennington, NJ 08534-0277 Unsolicited commercial e-mail is subject mailto:jcropper@lincs.net to a fee as outlined in the agreement at http://www.lincs.net/ http://www.lincs.net/spamoff.htm ------------------------------ From: mjt@halcyon.com (Michael J. Tardiff) Subject: Re: Why both 1+10 and 10 on my CID Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 13:41:37 -0700 Organization: Western Star Internet Consulting In article , Dave Yewell wrote: > I just received a new CID from BellSouth. There are two buttons to dial > long distance based on the number sent: > "dial 10 digits" which I assume are the ten digits which CID delivers > and "dial 1+10 digits" > Isn't all 10 digit dialing in the US "1+10"? Not by a long shot. Some localities have had 10-number (no 1) dialing for year. Here in the greater Seattle area, Sunday began our permissive period as we split 206 into three pieces, and 253 and 425. We've had to dial 11 digits (1+10) for all toll calls for some time; with the split, we still dial 11 digits for toll calls, but now need to dial 10 digits for any call that crosses an area-code boundary. So the rule ends up being "dial 10 for any call, dial 11 if it's a toll call." In what I think was a bad-for-educational-purposes move, U S WEST chose to still allow seven-digit dialing for local calls within an area code. I think that gives people too many confusing options, but no one asked me. At least they allowed 10-digit dialing for local calls so that the above-stated rule works. Cheers, Michael J. Tardiff mjt@westernstar.com Western Star Internet Consulting http://www.westernstar.com Seattle, Washington USA 1 206 528.0388 - Internet Strategy, Connectivity, Web Marketing, Public Speaking - ------------------------------ From: hollings@cs.umd.edu (Jeff Hollingsworth) Subject: Re: Why Both 1+10 and 10 on my CID Date: 30 Apr 1997 00:13:10 -0400 Organization: U of Maryland, Dept. of Computer Science, Coll. Pk., MD 20742 In article Dave Yewell writes: > "dial 10 digits" which I assume are the ten digits which CID delivers > and "dial 1+10 digits" > Isn't all 10 digit dialing in the US "1+10"? As of Thursday most of the state of Maryland will be 10 digit dialing for *all* local calls and 1+10 digit dialing for toll. Seven digit dialing will no longer be permitted due to the pending start of area code overlays. I assume that this box is designed with this feature so it will work in MD too. A side note, Bell Atlantic has been running a big media blitz to prepare for this. We have been hearing lots of stories and reminders about the need to reprogram (or upgrade) everything from FAX machines to emergency phones in elevators. Apparently (according the the Washington Post) Bell Atlantic is eager for a smooth transition since they want to do overlays in 703 (VA) soon. Both areas are part of the DC Metro area and bad press from the 301/410 conversion could doom overlays in 703. Jeff Hollingsworth Work: (301) 405-2708 Internet: hollings@cs.umd.edu FAX: (301) 405-6707 WWW: http://www.cs.umd.edu/~hollings Home: (301) 649-5829 ------------------------------ From: Jim Wall Subject: Weird Line Operation - MTU? Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 08:34:59 -0700 Organization: SoloPoint, Inc. The other day I ran across a phone line whose onhook voltage was 10v (and it would spike up to 40V every second to two seconds). The phone line worked fine with normal phones but had problems with some more esoteric phone products. At the phone junction box (Pacific Bell land) there was a encapsulated plastic module that had two screw lugs and a earth ground connection. The two screw lugs were tied across tip and ring. If the line were operating correctly I would have said this was some variation of a surge protector. When I took this thing out the line began operating fine with the inhook voltage now a constant 40V. Is this module a Maintenence Termination Unit (MTU)? What is this supposed to accomplish? Now this house was in the middle of nowhere, so are these only installed an really isolated areas? In other words, can anyone give me a brain dump on this subject? It would be greatly appreciated. If I get mail responses, I'll summarize for the net. Thanks, Jim Wall ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 22:06:45 -0400 From: Jim Jacobs Subject: U S WEST's National Directory Assistance Wednesday April 30 7:08 PM EDT Company Press Release Source: U S WEST Communications Group U S WEST Reports Enormous Demand in Colorado for its New National Directory Assistance Service Operators Currently Fielding More Than a Thousand Calls an Hour DENVER, April 30 /PRNewswire/ -- Demand for U S WEST's new National Directory Assistance service exceeded company projections by more than 400 percent during its first two days of availability. The new service allows people to call a local number -- 1+411 -- to obtain telephone listings from around the country -- all without having to look up area codes and make multiple phone calls. On Tuesday, operators fielded almost 4,000 calls. On day two, teams fielded more than 6,000 calls during the six hour morning shift from 6 a.m. through noon. The service was introduced Tuesday morning to callers in Colorado's 719 area code, and later Tuesday evening to callers in Denver and the rest of the state. ``The response to our National Directory Assistance trial so far is exceeding our wildest expectations,'' said Matthew Peterson, U S WEST manager for National Directory Assistance. ``What's even more encouraging is that reliability for the service is tracking very high.'' To date, operators successfully located listings for customers more than 80 percent of the time. In those cases where listings are not located, most often the numbers are unlisted. ``We're off to a good start and committed to keeping the quality of the service very high,'' said Peterson. ``Calls are being answered at a rate faster than we projected and it's taking less time than expected to successfully complete customer requests for listings.'' The company began a 90-day trial of the service in Colorado after receiving approval from the Colorado Public Utilities Commission. Initially, calls are being handled by staff at the U S WEST Directory Assistance Center in Waterloo, Iowa. This summer, the company plans to expand its Colorado Springs facility to handle the directory assistance calls. U S WEST expects to hire more than 200 people to staff the facility. U S WEST's new National Directory Assistance employs first-of-its-kind technology and search processes to ensure speed and accuracy of service. U S WEST is only the second regional Bell phone company, after Ameritech, to offer a National Directory Assistance service within its territory. With the new service, U S WEST callers in Colorado are able to obtain either local, in-state, or out-of-state listings, with significant cost savings. A call to U S WEST National Directory Assistance costs 85 cents for up to two numbers. Multiple listings can be requested during a single call, and listings can be from different cities and states. Competitive providers typically charge 95 cents or more per call -- and requests for listings from different cities and states require that customers spend additional money and make multiple phone calls. The new system has been designed for ease of use and convenience. Customers simply respond to a voice prompt and need only know the name, city and state of the person, business, or government agency they're seeking. The system -- Automated Directory Assistance Service (ADAS) -- which U S WEST has obtained from Northern Telecom -- automatically routes inquiries either to a local directory assistance operator or to the national bureau, depending upon the request. With the system, operators also hear the customer request -- while listings for particular cities and states automatically appear on the operator's computer screen. The new service also places a strong emphasis on ensuring the most accurate information available. Listings for U S WEST's 14-state region will be obtained from the company's own internal customer database. Listings outside the region will come from the Nortel Quest411 system, which includes more than 120 million current listings from other local phone companies. ``Industry experts have been brought in to conduct studies and ensure the ongoing accuracy of our databases,'' Peterson added. ``Our operators have advanced searching aids and an express-listing correction system in place to handle difficult searches.'' In addition, U S WEST has established a special service center for customers to call with questions regarding the National Directory Assistance service. The number for the center is 1-800-337-0722. The new service is now available to all Colorado customers, plus most U S WEST payphones throughout the state. U S WEST charges for local listings remain unchanged. U S WEST plans to extend the service to all locations in its 14-state region during 1997. U S WEST Communications Group (NYSE:USW - news) provides telecommunications services to more than 25 million customers in 14 western and midwestern states. The company is one of two major groups that make up U S WEST, a company in the connections business, helping customers share information, entertainment and communications services in local markets worldwide. U S WEST's other major group, U S WEST Media Group, is involved in domestic and international cable and telephony, wireless communications, and directory and information services. SOURCE: U S WEST Communications Group [TELECOM Digest Editor's Note: Ameritech has been operating a 'national directory assistance' service here for several months. A call to 411 gets information from any area code. PAT] ------------------------------ From: Telecom@Eureka.vip.best.NOSPAM (Linc Madison) Subject: Re: Florida PSC to Revisit 904 Split Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 19:48:03 -0700 Organization: No unsolicited commercial e-mail! In article , Telecom@Eureka.vip. best.NOSPAM (Linc Madison) wrote: > (2) Allowing 7-digit dialing within the same overlay area code gives > the incumbent LEC a huge advantage over the entering competitors. > [TELECOM Digest Editor's Note: I am sick of hearing all this crapola > about how 'allowing seven digit dialing within same overlay code gives > the incumbent LEC a huge advantage ...' That has *never* been demon- > strated or proven. Are not the competitor's customers going to be > calling one another just as often as the existing LEC's customers > call one another (within the same code)? Is not the LEC going to be > assigning its own customers to the new overlay code as well? If I > am an existing customer of LEC and you choose to go with a competitor > and we wish to talk to each other, I'll need to dial your area code > as often as you need to dial mine. In the meantime both of us can > continue to dial seven digits for many of our calls. No, the competitor's customers are NOT going to be calling one another just as often as the existing LEC's customers call one another. Not by a long shot. It's simple math. If you put in an overlay at about the same time that the CLECs start into business, then you have a situation where: (1) The vast majority of the numbers in the old area code belong to customers of the incumbent LEC. (2) The great majority of all numbers are still in the old area code, at least for the first couple of years. (3) The majority of the customers of the CLECs will get numbers in the new area code, while only a relatively small fraction of the ILEC's customers get the new area code (especially if the ILEC is allowed to continue reusing discontinued numbers in the old area code). In any event, customers of the CLEC are disproportionately likely to get the new area code. (4) Therefore, the great majority of calls will be placed BY people in the old area code, and the great majority of calls will be placed TO people in the old area code. In other words, the people who sign up with the CLEC will have to dial 10 for most of their calls, while the people with the ILEC will most often be able to dial only 7 -- and furthermore will mostly dial 10 only if they're calling a customer of the CLEC. That means that it is easier to place most of your calls if you are a customer of the ILEC, and it is easier for most of your friends/customers/ whoever to call you if you are a customer of the ILEC. THAT is a competitive advantage for the ILEC, and not just whining. If you mandate 10D (or 1+10D) for all calls in the overlay, then the competitive advantage pretty much disappears; the only thing left to whine about is the "goodwill value" of having the "familiar" area code. I support overlays wholeheartedly, but I agree that an overlay must be the end of 7-digit dialing, just as the introduction of a second prefix in a small town must be the end of 4-digit dialing. ** Do not spam e-mail me! ** Linc Madison * San Francisco, Calif. * Telecom@Eureka.vip.best-com >> NOTE: if you autoreply, you must change "NOSPAM" to "com" << ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 30 Apr 97 15:13 CDT From: dattier@wwa.com (David W. Tamkin) Subject: Re: Florida PSC to Revisit 904 Split Organization: TIPFKAG [World-Wide Access, Chicago, Illinois 60606-2804] TELECOM Digest Editor commented on in comp.dcom.telecom: > In Chicago itself, there might as well be an overlay between 312 and > 773; the essence of one is present anyway on the north side boundary > line between the two codes as it juts in and out, up and down side > streets and between houses on the same block over a range of about a > mile along Armitage Avenue. Not only that, but the two area codes are sprinkled in spots among one another as it is: all public schools have phones in 773, even those situated in 312 territory, and all police stations, fire stations, parks, and public libraries throughout the city have phone numbers in 312. Bits of overlay are present all over the city. [TELECOM Digest Editor's Note: For persons wondering why that is the case, it is because all public schools are served by a centrex which is based at the school board headquarters which is in 773 territory and all city agencies are served by a centrex which is located at city hall in downtown Chicago's 312 territory. PAT] ------------------------------ From: BGOODIN@UNEX.UCLA.EDU (William R. Goodin) Subject: UCLA Short Course on "Commercial Satellite Communications" Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 12:18:06 PDT Organization: UCLA Extension On July 28-August 1, 1997, UCLA Extension will present the short course, "Commercial Satellite Communications: Systems and Applications" on the UCLA campus in Los Angeles. The instructors are Bruce R. Elbert, Hughes Space & Communications, David A. Baylor, DirecTV, and David Bell, Hughes Space & Communications. Each participant receives the course textbook, "The Satellite Communication Applications Handbook", B. Elbert (Artech House, 1997), and extensive course notes. This course is intended for practicing telecommunications engineers, satellite and earth station designers and manufacturers, professionals in the satellite communications industry (technical, operations and marketing), and major private and governmental users of satellite and terrestrial telecommunications services, domestic and international. It covers all aspects of the design, operation and use of satellite networks, with a heavy emphasis on commercial applications. The latter include television transmission and broadcasting (distribution and direct-to-home), voice and data networks using Very Small Aperture Terminals (VSATs), mobile satellite services, and advanced broadband capabilities of satellites under development. Each of the four days is broken down into a major segment to provide background in the engineering fundamentals, a detailed review of the current applications and implementations, and evolution of the technology and use of satellite systems in the coming millennium. Course topics include: Evolution of Satellite Technology and Applications Satellite Links and Access Methods Satellite System Implementation The Range of Television Applications Digital Video Compression Systems and Standards Direct-to-Home TV Broadcasting by Satellite Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) Networks Telephone Services by Satellite Use of VSATs for Video Applications Mobile Satellite Communications--GEO and Non-GEO Advanced Mobile Satellites--Service to Handheld Terminals Digital Audio Broadcasting--A New Application on the Horizon Broadband and Multimedia Systems Evolution of the Satellite Business How to Stay Abreast and Valued in the Satcom Industry The course fee is $1495, which includes the course text and extensive course materials. These materials are for participants only, and are not for sale. For a more information and a complete course description, please contact Marcus Hennessy at: (310) 825-1047 (310) 206-2815 fax mhenness@unex.ucla.edu http://www.unex.ucla.edu/shortcourses This course may also be presented on-site at company locations. ------------------------------ From: Bill Goodin Subject: UCLA Short Course on "Digital Signal Processing" Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 18:05:00 -0700 On July 28-August 1, 1997, UCLA Extension will present the short course, "Digital Signal Processing: Theory, Algorithms and Implementations", on the UCLA campus in Los Angeles. The instructor is Robert Stewart, PhD, Faculty Member, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland. Each participant receives a Digital Signal Processing Reference Glossary (500 pages); multimedia reference CD-ROM featuring algorithms, DSP sample problems, graphs, and comprehensive notes; software and hardware workbook and manuals; and lecture notes. This course presents the core theory and algorithms of DSP and demonstrates through laboratory sessions the real-time and real-world implementation of digital signal processing strategies. It is intended for engineers, computer scientists and programmers, and project management staff. After presenting the mathematical tools and theory of DSP, the course features practical laboratory sessions that allow participants to simulate and implement advanced DSP systems such as acoustic echo cancellers or psychoacoustic compression strategies. Participants should obtain the tools and materials necessary to apply DSP methods immediately at their workplace, as well as: o Analyze discrete time systems using time domain mathematics o Analyze discrete time systems using frequency domain mathematics o Design and implement FIR, IIR, and adaptive digital filters for real-world applications in digital audio and acoustics and telecommunications o Understand the theory of adaptive signal processing systems and how to apply to real-world problems o Understand the DSP theory of signal coding and compression o Undertake DSP system design using advanced analysis and design software o Implement real-time digital filters, and adaptive digital filters using DSP simulation software, and real-time DSP processor hardware o Apply DSP theory and algorithms in the application domains of modern computing, multimedia systems, and communication systems o Integrate theoretical and practical skills to undertake a DSP design project. SystemView software (running on Windows 3.1/95) will be used for the DSP software laboratory sessions. This advanced software provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-art DSP toolbox for modern signal processing. An evaluation license will be available to participants so that they can continue to use the software after the course. The course fee is $1495, which includes extensive course materials. These materials are for participants only, and are not for sale. For a more information and a complete course description, please contact Marcus Hennessy at: (310) 825-1047 (310) 206-2815 fax mhenness@unex.ucla.edu http://www.unex.ucla.edu/shortcourses This course may also be presented on-site at company locations. ------------------------------ From: Cnavarro@wcnet.org (Carl Navarro) Subject: PROspect 3549 Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 13:12:28 GMT (Regards manual to dial conversion of PROspect exchange in Chicago): I must have been the brightest 2 year-old there ever was:). Anyway, I distinctly remember that it was somewhere between August and December of 1955, since I was only 5 and I didn't know how to use the dial! Anyway, it was VERY interesting for me to hear about Chicago and, of course, Orchard Field. I worked for ITT in Des Plaines in 1980. I always thought I'd love to live somewhere in the NW suburbs, like Park Ridge, and commute to downtown someday and ride the train. Fortunately, I didn't :). Carl P.S. My sister worked at the Hawthorne plant back in the early '60 s. I remember touring the plant, but I don't remember too much about it. ------------------------------ End of TELECOM Digest V17 #107 ******************************