Return-Path: Received: by massis.lcs.mit.edu (8.7.4/NSCS-1.0S) id XAA20714; Mon, 2 Jun 1997 23:08:13 -0400 (EDT) Date: Mon, 2 Jun 1997 23:08:13 -0400 (EDT) From: editor@telecom-digest.org Message-Id: <199706030308.XAA20714@massis.lcs.mit.edu> To: ptownson Subject: TELECOM Digest V17 #145 TELECOM Digest Mon, 2 Jun 97 23:08:00 EDT Volume 17 : Issue 145 Inside This Issue: Editor: Patrick A. Townson CTS Suspended and Fined (Anthony Argyriou) 1-888-PB-DAMAGE (Tad Cook) Call Forward No Answer Problem (Michael Hayworth) Legality/Ethics of Using a Found Prepaid Phone Card (John E. Connerat) Radio Waves and Cancer (Eric Florack) Netizens Netbook Finally in a Print Edition (-: (Michael Hauben) TELECOM Digest is an electronic journal devoted mostly but not exclusively to telecommunications topics. It is circulated anywhere there is email, in addition to various telecom forums on a variety of public service systems and networks including Compuserve and America On Line. It is also gatewayed to Usenet where it appears as the moderated newsgroup 'comp.dcom.telecom'. Subscriptions are available to qualified organizations and individual readers. Write and tell us how you qualify: * subscriptions@telecom-digest.org * The Digest is edited, published and compilation-copyrighted by Patrick Townson of Skokie, Illinois USA. You can reach us by postal mail, fax or phone at: Post Office Box 4621 Skokie, IL USA 60076 Phone: 847-727-5427 Fax: 773-539-4630 ** Article submission address: editor@telecom-digest.org ** Our archives are available for your review/research. The URL is: http://telecom-digest.org (WWW/http only!) They can also be accessed using anonymous ftp: ftp hyperarchive.lcs.mit.edu/telecom-archives/archives (or use our mirror site: ftp ftp.epix.net/pub/telecom-archives) A third method is the Telecom Email Information Service: Send a note to archives@telecom-digest.org to receive a help file for using this method or write me and ask for a copy of the help file for the Telecom Archives. ************************************************************************* * TELECOM Digest is partially funded by a grant from the * * International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in Geneva, Switzerland * * under the aegis of its Telecom Information Exchange Services (TIES) * * project. Views expressed herein should not be construed as represent-* * ing views of the ITU. * ************************************************************************* Finally, the Digest is funded by gifts from generous readers such as yourself who provide funding in amounts deemed appropriate. Your help is important and appreciated. A suggested donation of twenty dollars per year per reader is considered appropriate. See our address above. All opinions expressed herein are deemed to be those of the author. Any organizations listed are for identification purposes only and messages should not be considered any official expression by the organization. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Mon, 02 Jun 1997 18:08:11 -0700 From: Anthony Argyriou Subject: CTS Suspended and Fined Pat - Attached is the text of a news release from the California PUC announcing the suspension and fining of CTS for slamming. When they are allowed back in three years, they will _not_ be allowed to request changes from local telco providers, but will have to instruct their customers to contact the local carrier directly. I have had my own bad experience with these slime. I was staying in a motel in the LA area, which had CTS as the long distance service for its room phones. The rates were approximately 2x AT&T's basic, no-discount, rates. I was told that this type of service is common, since CTS (and others) will provide a phone system, and sometimes a share of the take, to the motel owners. The phone system would not complete 10xxx-0 dialling for credit card calls most of the time I tried to make LD calls using AT&T. Anthony Argyriou California Public Utilities Commission NEWS RELEASE Contact: Kyle DeVine 213-897-4225 May 21, 1997 I96-02-043 CPUC 533 CPUC SUSPENDS AND FINES CTS; ORDERS REFUND AND PENALTY TO BE PAID TO STATE The California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) today cracked down on Communications Telesystem International (CTS) for slamming: In-state long distance toll call service is suspended for three years, CTS is fined $2 million, CTS must pay $1.9 million in equal payments to the more than 56,000 consumers who filed disputes claiming CTS slammed them, and The company must reimburse the Commission $100,000 to cover costs to prosecute the case and manage mailing the refunds to customers. CTS may resume business after its suspension is over, but will not be permitted to directly contact local service carriers, on behalf of its consumers, and switch the consumers' long distance companies. The Commission revoked this privilege because of CTS' failure to comply with statutory procedures and the high number of consumer disputes stating CTS had initiated changes without their consent. The amount of disputes exceeds the industry average by more than 309 percent. The Commission determined that CTS could be fined $19.6 million because of its "Stay With Us" program which trapped customers by automatically switching them back to CTS after the customers chose other carriers. All but $2 million of the fine -- which shall be paid to the State General Fund -- will be stayed if CTS stops violating state laws or Commission directives. The Commission has authority to fine utilities between $500 and $20,000 for each offense. CTS indicated 70 percent, or 39,200, of the disputes were caused by the program. Therefore, the $19.6 million fine covers $500 for each of the 39,200 disputes. CTS will notify its current in-state customers that it is not permitted to provide service in California and will reimburse all fees customers must pay to transfer from CTS to another carrier. The CPUC, in rallying to its mandate to protect consumers, has taken further steps to see that the utility's abuses stop. The actions the Commission has taken against this company apply to any successor entities, and any requests to operate submitted by a company which employs current or former CTS officers or shareholders shall be carefully scrutinized. The Commission is taking this action because its investigation discovered more than 56,000 consumers had filed disputes with Pacific Bell and GTE California claiming they had been slammed -- switched without their authorization -- by CTS from 1994 to March 1996. CTS did not respond to consumers' calls and letters, and consumers were further frustrated by CTS' "Stay With Us" program. Previous actions the Commission has taken against this company include prohibiting CTS from submitting orders to local service providers to change customers' long distance services while the investigation was ongoing. Then in July 1996, the Commission censured CTS when its staff disrupted a press conference which the Greenlining Institute, a consumer advocacy group, held to announce their involvement in the CPUC proceeding and seek witnesses. ------------------------------ Subject: 1-888-PB-DAMAGE Date: Mon, 2 Jun 1997 17:53:00 PDT From: tad@ssc.com (Tad Cook) 1-888-PB-DAMAGE Offers Pacific Bell Customers Quick Information on Major Outages; Toll-free number providestimely, area-specific news regarding status, estimated restoration time for interrupted service --------------- SAN FRANCISCO--(BUSINESS WIRE)--June 2, 1997--When a wide-spread phone service outage occurs, the last thing you want to be doing is ticking off minute after minute waiting on a wireless or coin phone to talk to someone about why your home phone doesn't work. Starting today, Pacific Bell customers can simply dial toll free 1-888-PB-DAMAGE to find out the cause and estimated restoration time of a problem affecting 200 or more customers, such as those resulting from last January's floods. When calling the nationwide toll-free number, callers are prompted to enter the area code and prefix of the affected line. The service then provides a 60-second status report on any outage in that area. The new service restoration information system can accommodate more than 12,000 calls per minute, avoiding the need for customers to dial 611 and wait on hold for a trouble-report technician if their trouble is part of a larger problem. 1-888-PB-DAMAGE provides customers -- as well as their out-of-state friends and family -- timely information about telephone outages by offering updates every two to three hours until the network is up and running, again. Customers who dial the toll-free number, but determine their phone trouble is unrelated to any other problem, can simply press one button to speak directly with a Pacific Bell 611 technician. `In the past, during major service interruptions, our customers had no other way to find out about what's wrong with their phone service during a widespread outage than to call 611,` said Fred Pifer, regional manager for Pacific Bell's service operations group. `This meant our repair centers were deluged with calls and customers were inconvenienced by a potentially lengthy hold. With 888-PB-DAMAGE, customers can receive a current update on the status of their service, while still having the option of talking to a repair center employee if they want.` In addition, customers who initially dial 611 will receive a prompt offering them the opportunity to access the outage information service without redialing. Pacific Bell is a subsidiary of SBC Communications Inc., an international leader in the telecommunications industry, with more than 31 million access lines and 4.7 million wireless customers across the United States, as well as investments in telecommunications businesses in nine countries. Under the Southwestern Bell, Pacific Bell, Nevada Bell and Cellular One brands, the company, through its subsidiaries, offers a wide range of innovative services, including local and long-distance telephone service, wireless communications, paging, Internet access, cable TV and messaging, as well as telecommunications equipment, and directory advertising and publishing. SBC (www.sbc.com) has approximately 110,000 employees. SBC and Pacific Telesis Group reported combined 1996 revenues of $23.5 billion. ------------------------------ From: Michael Hayworth Subject: Call Forward No Answer Problem Date: 2 Jun 1997 23:04:16 GMT Organization: Innovative TeleSolutions We are having an odd problem and ending up with a great deal of finger-pointing and very little help on the part of SWBT. Perhaps someone can help me figure out what magic phrase I need to use to turn on the light for either their repair or order department. We have a local POTS line from SWBT which has call forward busy and call forward no answer on it. The line forwards to an 800 line which is on one of my WorldCom T-1s. We get most calls in just fine and they forward okay. However, if we get a call that forwards, then another one soon behind it (while the first is still connected, it appears), the local line will simply ring endlessly without forwarding. Bell, of course, can't find a problem, so they're claiming that the problem has to be in my 800 lines.But we know that we can stack multiple calls onto the 800 line just fine. The only time we have the problem is with the forwarding from the CO line. I am familiar with having to order multiple voice paths on an RCF number, but my understanding was that on a local line with call forward, this isn't something I have to do. One repair tech at Bell told me that I DID need to order another voice path, and sent me to business services, but two different customer service reps there said they didn't know anything about ordering extra paths on a line with call forward, that what I want to do should work fine and (all together now) the problem has to be with WorldCom. Or, maybe, the problem is with SWBT, in which case I need to talk to the repair department, even though they just sent me over. But, then, I'm sure I don't need to elaborate on this cycle with the residents of these groups. Any input on this would be greatly appreciated. What are the real technical facts? What do I actually need? If I know that, I can bang on doors there until I can find someone who knows what they're talking about. Thanks, Michael Hayworth VP, Technology Innovative TeleSolutions Fort Worth, Texas ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 2 Jun 1997 18:29:04 -0500 From: John E. Connerat Subject: Legality/Ethics of Using a Found Prepaid Phone Card If I found a $5 bill on a city street, and I couldn't reasonably determine to whom it belonged, I think I would be within my legal rights to claim it as mine and use it in a way that I see fit. Readers, how does the above logic apply to a found prepaid phone card? Indeed, I found one on a bench at a nearby bus stop, and there was no one in sight. Out of curiosity, I called the 800 number, punched in the code, and found that there was a balance left on the card. Based on where I found it and based on the fact that the no one had cancelled the balance, I assumed it was lost -- not stolen -- and that it would never be claimed by its rightful owner. I hestiated using it, however, since my use would clearly be logged. Do people report stolen prepaid cards? Can a rightful consumer cancel his/her remaining balance and be re-issued a new PIN if they wrote down their old PIN? Would I be, in effect, stealing long distance since I didn't purchase the card? What would the specific illegal act be if I decided to use it? Does anyone have any ethical opinions or legal facts that they can enlighten us with? [TELECOM Digest Editor's Note: The nice thing about five dollar bills -- or twenties or fifties for that matter -- is that they are totally anonymous, and mine look just like yours. No PINs are needed to obtain them or use them. No names are given. A phone card is essentially cash; it is rare that the purchaser gave a name or any other form of identity when purchasing it. Without the card in their possession it is unlikely they know the PIN and consequently very unlikely they could issue a stop order on it. I suspect in the very unlikely event they did manage to get it replaced, the old PIN would go dead, rendering all this a moot point. You might try calling the number on the card given for customer service and asking them what would happen if you lost 'your' card; if there is any method of stopping useage on it and re-issuing it, etc. Whatever answer they give you is the same answer they would likely give the unfortunate person who lost the card if s/he were to call and make the same inquiry. You can go from there in detirmining if it is 'safe' to use the card or not. Aside from the prudence in using the card (to be detirmined by you when you find out how traceable or back-trackable it is) I suggest the legality and ethics of using it would be the same for using the five dollar bill you found on the sidewalk. If there is any reason- able way of detirmining the rightful owner, you probably should do so. Many newspapers have 'lost and found' sections in their classified advertisements with the 'found' ads usually run free of charge as a public service. You might try one of those, along with perhaps a small notice posted at the place where you found the card. Leave out such essentials as the brand of card and the denomination, forcing the would-be loser to supply that information correctly, otherwise you will have plenty of claimants. Put the card aside and do not use it for awhile in the hopes the owner will claim it as a result of your efforts. Legally you might be guilty of the crime of Unjust Enrichment if you do not make some effort to locate the true owner. Of course you could also forward the card in the mail to the company which issued it and tell them you found it and ask them to locate the rightful owner from their records, if any records exist. That may be a rather naive response on your part (to return the card to the company) but you will probably feel better afterward. PAT] ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 2 Jun 1997 14:15:06 PDT From: Eric Florack Subject: Radio Waves and Cancer With regards to EMF and cancer, specifically Ham Radio, but in a broader sense, Cell Phones, too, I found the following On Peter Neuman's archives from 1988. These notes would seem to bear directly on this discussion: ------------- barry ornitz < ucbcad!ames.UUCP!rochester!kodak!ornitz@ucbvax.Berkeley.EDU > Wed, 6 Jan 88 23:07:43 EST [The following is an article I posted on the subject of Cancer and Electromagnetic Radiation. I have received several replies on my posting; two disputed Dr. Milham's statistics based on Poisson distributions, and one mailed an article on Milham's previous article in 1985 in Lancet. Barry] In yesterday's newspaper, I noticed with great interest an article entitled "Link suggested between cancer, electromagnetic fields." The article had the byline of the Associated Press, Tacoma, WA. It was stated in the article that "amateur radio operators in two states appear to die at abnormally high rates from several forms of cancer, suggesting a possible link between cancer and electromagnetic fields, according to data collected by a state epidemiologist." This article appears to be prompted by work published in the American Journal of Epidemiology by Dr. Samuel Milham Jr. of the Washington Department of Social and Health Services. According to the article, Dr. Milham studied the deaths of 2,485 Washington and California amateur (ham) radio operators between 1979 and 1984. Based on a population this size, he found the following data: Expected Actual Cause Deaths Deaths ------------------------ ----------------------- ----------- Leukemia 29 36 Lymphatic & Blood Forming Organ Cancers 72 89 Prostate Cancer 67.6 (!) 78 I am not sure about the statistical differences between these numbers, but I am certain that a trained epidemiologist would check the statistical significance of his data before publishing. Dr. Milham is further reported to have concluded that "amateur radio operator licensees in Washington state and California have significant excess mortality due to acute myloid leukemia, multiple myeloma and perhaps certain types of malignant lymphoma." The Associated Press article also quoted Leonard Sagan, program manager for radiation studies at the Electric Power Research Institute in Palo Alto, CA. Sagan warned that studies like Dr. Milham's could be misinterpreted, and that the "findings could be simple associations that have nothing to do with cancer causes among people who work with electricity." Having been an amateur radio operator for over twenty-three years, and having been concerned with the safety of exposure to non-ionizing, radio frequency electromagnetic energy as a small portion of my job, I have a few comments about this article. Before I begin, I should state that my title of Dr. is not a medical one, but rather a PhD in Engineering. I should also state that I have not yet read the article in the American Journal of Epidemiology. The medical effects of exposure to electromagnetic radiation have been shown to be frequency dependent. This is logical since as the wavelength of radiation approaches the dimensions of the human body, absorption of the radiation is enhanced due to more efficient coupling into the body. At higher frequencies (shorter wavelengths), typically in the microwave region, the electromagnetic radiation is absorbed near the surface of the body. The ANSI standards for exposure to radio frequency energy take this information into account, placing the most strict requirements on frequencies in the VHF (very high frequency) region. Amateur use of the VHF spectrum, while dating back over fifty years, has primarily been negligible until twenty years ago. Amateur transmitter power levels in the VHF region have generally been much lower than the power levels used in the high frequency bands. Antenna placement for VHF, in terms of wavelengths from the amateur's operating position, is generally high. These three facts would tend to cancel the increased hazard of VHF radiation. To test Milham's hypothesis further, a study of FM broadcast engineers, commercial two-way radio technicians, and television transmitter engineers should be performed since these persons are all exposed to various levels of VHF radiation. The highest field strengths to which amateur radio operators are normally exposed come from the near field antenna radiation during high frequency operation. Power levels of up to two kilowatts may be used with antenna placement often below a wavelength. It should be noted that exposure to this power level is intermittent in most amateur operation. If Milham's hypothesis is correct, broadcast technicians and engineers for commercial AM and especially short wave broadcast stations, as well as military communication operators should show even higher levels of cancer deaths than hams. Operation on microwave frequencies by amateur radio operators is rare; furthermore, I would expect any cancers caused by microwaves to be other than deep tissue cancers. A study of the eyes for cataracts would be in order, too, since microwave exposure generally causes eye problems prior to additional damage in the human body. I believe that other causality should be investigated by the medical profession before Dr. Milham's conclusions are accepted. I would expect that the amateurs studied by Dr. Milham were mostly individuals who had been hams for many years. An analysis including the length of time that the amateurs were licensed (or at least active) would be in order. I believe that this analysis would show some increased mortality (adjusted for age, of course) for the older hams. If this increased mortality exists, I feel that other environmental factors should be studied in addition to exposure to electromagnetic fields. Until twenty-five to thirty years ago, much of the amateur radio equipment in use was home constructed. The construction of electronic equipment at this and especially prior years, exposed the amateur to a number of chemical hazards, many of which were not known as hazards at the time. For example, I would expect to see higher than normal levels of metals in older hams such as tin, lead, bismuth, antimony, and cadmium (from soldering); mercury (from broken rectifier tubes and relays); barium, beryllium, and rare earth oxides (from broken vacuum tubes and phosphors from cathode ray tubes); radium (from luminescent dials); selenium (from rectifiers); and manganese and zinc (from batteries). Likewise these hams would have been exposed to rosin fumes containing numerous organic acids (from soldering), paint solvents and cleaning fluids such as benzene and carbon tetrachloride, phenol (from burnt phenolic insulators), and asbestos. Even more insidious, however, was the exposure to transformer and capacitor impregnating oils. These oils often contained poly-chlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) as flame retardants, sometimes in quite high concentrations. These chemical hazards were not unique to amateur radio operators only. Other electronic hobbyists as well as people manufacturing electronic equipment would have been exposed to similar hazards. I feel that it would be prudent to compare mortality rates of workers in oil-filled capacitor manufacturing plants to those of the hams studied [for example, the Sangamo capacitor plant in Pickens, SC, which until several years ago was a major user of PCB oils]. In conclusion, I believe that other causal relationships between cancer deaths and amateur radio operators may more adequately explain Milham's data. I propose that Milham or other epidemiologists expand their study to include the other occupations I have suggested above. I further propose that age-adjusted mortality rates be calculated for the existing data to determine whether length of exposure or date of exposure is significant and whether chemical exposure of these hams might be significant. I am certain that electromagnetic radiation has effects on the human body, but I do believe that electromagnetic radiation is not the major cause of the increase in cancer deaths as stated by Dr.Milham. For those persons interested in further study on the effects of electromagnetic radiation, I would suggest the American National Standards Institute document ANSI C95.1-1982, Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 300 kHz to 100 GHz. This standard contains an appendix listing numerous references on the biological effects of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields. A number of other standards exist for radio-frequency and microwave exposure; many of these are listed in the Microwave Engineer's Handbook, Vol. 2. If anyone has read Dr. Milham's original article, I would appreciate their sending me the exact title and the date of publication so I might have our library order a copy. I would also appreciate the comments of other amateurs as well as physicians on this subject. Please email responses directly to me and I will summarize or cross-post your replies to both rec.ham-radio and sci.med (many hams on ARPA receive their postings via an automatic mailing list rather than a newsgroup). Thanks and 73 [ham radio jargon for best regards]. Barry L. Ornitz WA4VZQ Dr. Barry L. Ornitz UUCP:...!rochester!kodak!ornitz Eastman Kodak Company, Eastman Chemicals Division Research Laboratories P. O. Box 1972, Kingsport, TN 37662 615/229-4904 -------------------- Risks of Amateur Radio Martin Ewing < msesys@DEImos.Caltech.Edu > Wed, 6 Jan 88 17:37:01 PST I also noted Dr Milham's study of ham radio operators vs cancer statistics. The press report was undoutably mangled, but as a sometime radio amateur, I can add some questions and comments. Was there any analysis of the actual RF exposure to the amateurs? Typical amateur radio operations involves <<50% of time spent in actual transmission. Typical frequencies range from 3.5 to 220 MHz, and power levels from 5 W to 1 kW. Emission modes vary, but single-sideband voice is most common up to 30 MHz; SSB duty cycles are <<100% even when transmitting. Antennas range from large yagi arrays on high towers to loaded 1/4 wave "rubber duckies" held next to the head while using VHF handheld equipment. Many licensees are inactive, too. Was there any demographic control? Ham operators have a peculiar distribution, with "peaks" among young-adult techies and retired middle-class WASP males. Hams expose themselves to various other potential hazards: solvents and smoke during soldering, PCBs from transformer and capacitor oils, etc. Why should one suspect RF exposure in particular? Apparently the study came out in a reputable journal, so it may deserve a better review than the AP (and we) are giving it. Martin Ewing, Caltech ----------------------- Re: Ham radios and non-ionizing radiation Douglas Jones < jones%cs.uiowa.edu@RELAY.CS.NET > Wed, 6 Jan 88 11:16:58 CST Eric Townsend's note raises the possibility of a > link between cancer and electromagnetic fields > in the context of a study of cancer cases among ham radio operators. I would not be surprised to find a link between ham radio operation and cancer for a completely unrelated reason: Ham radio operators tend to work with electronics, exposing them to many interesting chemicals in the process, including lead vapor from hot solder and vaporized solder flux, not to mention coil dope, red glypt, and other oddities. Older ham radio equipment frequently contained large oil-filed capacitors (possibly containing PCB oils), and who can forget the ozone smell caused by the high plate voltages used by pre-1970 transmitters. I don't mean to imply that there is no risk associated with the high fields around a radio transmitter, after all, you can cook hot-dogs by putting them inside the antenna impedence matching coils, but there are other possible causes of the small increase in cancer risk that was observed. A good experiment to test these risks would be to look at the cancer rate among model railroaders. They also solder things and work with related chemicals, but the electric fields they are exposed to are produced by a source with a maximum power of 12 watts (12 volts at one amp, DC power to the track). Douglas Jones ------------------------------ From: hauben@inibara.cc.columbia.edu (Michael Hauben) Subject: Netizens Netbook Finally in a Print Edition (-: Date: 2 Jun 1997 15:42:41 GMT Organization: Columbia University Reply-To: hauben@columbia.edu The Netizens netbook is now in print! After three long years, it is nice to see at last a print edition. It is a tribute to the Net and the contributions and support of many of you that it has finally appeared in an "old-world" book. The print publication is especially important because it makes available an understanding of the communication and community aspects of the Net to people not yet online, and to those who are only familiar with the media hype about the Net. The draft remains online at http://www.columbia.edu/~hauben/netbook/ which we will try and update when we get the chance to be the latest version. The book's full title is "Netizens: On the History and Impact of Usenet and the Internet" and the authors are Michael Hauben and Ronda Hauben. The ISBN number is 0-8186-7706-6. The publisher is the IEEE Computer Society Press. If you do not see it in your local bookstore, you can ask them to get copies in by giving them the above information. We welcome people interested in reviewing the book or other comments. Write Ronda at rh120@columbia.edu or ronda@umcc.umich.edu Thanks for the help and support! /Michael hauben@columbia.edu The table of contents is as follows: Foreword: By Tom Truscott Preface: What is a Netizen? Introduction: Participatory Networks Part I - The Present: What Has Been Created and How? Chapter 1 - The Net and the Netizens: The Effect the Net has on People's Lives Chapter 2 - The Evolution of Usenet: The Poor Man's Arpanet Chapter 3 - The Social Forces Behind The Development of Usenet Chapter 4 - The World of Usenet Part II - The Past: Where Has It All Come From? Chapter 5 - The Vision of Interactive Computing and the Future Chapter 6 - Cybernetics, Time-sharing, Human-Computer Symbiosis and On-line Communities: Creating a Supercommunity of Online Communities Chapter 7 - Behind the Net: The Untold Story of the ARPANET and Computer Science Chapter 8 - The Birth and Development of the ARPANET Chapter 9 - On the Early History and Impact of UNIX: Tools to Build the Tools for a New Millennium Chapter 10 - On the Early Days of Usenet: The Roots of the Cooperative Online Culture Part III - And the Future? Chapter 11 - The NTIA Conference on the Future of the Net Creating a Prototype for a Democratic Decision Making Process Chapter 12 - "Imminent Death of the Net Predicted!" Chapter 13 - The Effect of the Net on the Professional News Media: The Usenet News Collective and Man-Computer News Symbiosis Chapter 14 - The Net and the Future of Politics: The Ascendancy of the Commons Chapter 15 - Exploring New York City's On-Line Community: A Snapshot of NYC.General Part IV - Contributions Towards Developing a Theoretical Framework Chapter 16 - The Expanding Commonwealth of Learning: Printing and the Net Chapter 17 - `Arte': An Economic Perspective Chapter 18 - The Computer as Democratizer Bibliography Glossary of Acronyms Appendix Proposed draft Declaration of the Rights of Netizens ----------------------------------------- Michael Hauben Teachers College Dept. of Communication Netizens Netbook http://www.columbia.edu/~hauben/netbook/ WWW Music Index http://www.columbia.edu/~hauben/music/ ------------------------------ End of TELECOM Digest V17 #145 ******************************