Return-Path: Received: by massis.lcs.mit.edu (8.7.4/NSCS-1.0S) id RAA20025; Wed, 15 May 1996 17:25:10 -0400 (EDT) Date: Wed, 15 May 1996 17:25:10 -0400 (EDT) From: ptownson@massis.lcs.mit.edu (Patrick A. Townson) Message-Id: <199605152125.RAA20025@massis.lcs.mit.edu> To: ptownson@massis.lcs.mit.edu Subject: TELECOM Digest V16 #240 TELECOM Digest Wed, 15 May 96 17:25:00 EDT Volume 16 : Issue 240 Inside This Issue: Editor: Patrick A. Townson BA Proposes 412 Overlay (John Cropper) 610 Split Also Likely (John Cropper) LATA List and Some Descriptions (Mark J. Cuccia) CFP: Very Low Bit-rate Video Coding (IEEE J-SAC) (Argi Krikelis) Telecom Archives CD-ROM Ordering Details (TELECOM Digest Editor) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- From: psyber@usa.pipeline.com (John Cropper) Subject: BA Proposes 412 Overlay Date: 15 May 1996 20:31:57 GMT Organization: Pipeline USA DWINDLING SUPPLY OF PHONE NUMBERS TRIGGERS NEED FOR A NEW AREA CODE IN WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA Bell Atlantic Proposes an "Overlay" Plan to the Public Utility Commission Pittsburgh, Pa. --Like grains of sand or stars in the sky, most people feel there's no end to the supply of telephone numbers. Not so. "The truth is, the reserve of telephone numbers in the 412 area code is diminishing at an astonishing rate," said Bill Harral, president of Bell Atlantic-Pennsylvania. He estimates that the 412 area code will run out of available phone numbers in June, 1997. The shortage is triggered by the explosive popularity of cellular telephones, multiple residential phone lines, pagers, fax machines and modems. Further demand for numbers results from the entrance of new companies seeking to provide local service in the Pittsburgh area. Harral noted that prior to 1995 Bell Atlantic assigned about 140,000 new phone numbers a year in the 412 area. In 1995, that number climbed to 820,000. "We have to act now," said Harral. How do you come up with new phone numbers? Bell Atlantic has proposed to the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission a plan called an "overlay." With an overlay, a new area code would be added within the same geographic boundaries as those of the 412 area code. Existing phone numbers in the 412 area would begin with "412" followed by seven digits, while new phones in the same area would have the new area code followed by the seven-digit number. "The advantage of the overlay is that it doesn't slice municipalities in half, and it doesn't force anyone to change his or her phone number," said Harral. The overlay does come with one necessary dialing change. Once it's introduced, all callers will need to dial the full ten-digit telephone number (three-digit area code plus the seven-digit number) for all calls -- an eventuality which is unavoidable in Pennsylvania, said Harral. "Because we need so many new phone numbers, ten-digit dialing is becoming a way of life in this country. By implementing an overlay, we will put Pennsylvania in the forefront in meeting the demand for phone numbers." Will a new area code change toll rates? "Absolutely not," said Harral. "A local call will remain a local call, even if it's in the new overlay area code." Harral noted that a less desirable alternative is to split the 412 area, assigning a new area code to the split-off portion. The downside of the "geographic split" is that "communities are divided and more than a million customers would be forced to change their telephone numbers," said Harral. Businesses in the new area code would have to change numbers on stationery, business cards, catalogs, promotional material and company vehicles. Businesses and other customers throughout the old and new area codes would incur expenses to reprogram equipment such as cellular phones and burglar alarms. Further, while businesses assigned to the new area code would bear the hardship of changing their telephone numbers, their competitors remaining in the current area code would not. Another disadvantage of the geographic split is that business and residence customers dialing between the old and new area codes would have to dial eleven digits (one plus the area code plus the seven-digit number). "After studying all the issues, we believe the overlay is the most practical and the least disruptive approach to meeting the growing need for phone numbers. Clearly, it's in the best interests of all customers," said Harral. Bell Atlantic Corporation (NYSE: BEL) is at the forefront of the new communications, entertainment and information industry. In the mid-Atlantic region, the company is the premier provider of local telecommunications and advanced services. Globally, it is one of the largest investors in the high-growth wireless communication marketplace. Bell Atlantic also owns a substantial interest in Telecom Corporation of New Zealand and is actively developing high-growth national and international business opportunities in all phases of the industry. #### JC's Note: 412 had the largest growth for a non-expansion NANP in the first quarter of 1996 (Jan-Apr) with 70 COCs added (700,000 numbers) for the period. Only the new 847 added more (80). Close behind were 510 (51), 415 (47), and 213 (41). John Cropper, President NiS Telecom Division POB 277, Pennington, NJ USA 08534-0277 voice: (800) 247-8675 fax: (609) 637-9430 psyber@usa.pipeline.com ------------------------------ From: psyber@usa.pipeline.com (John Cropper) Subject: 610 Split Also Likely Date: 15 May 1996 20:15:08 GMT Organization: Pipeline USA From the Associated Press: PHILADELPHIA (AP) - The soaring demand for phone numbers to match with fax machines, online computers, and other communications gadgets could leave the Philadelphia region with four or more area codes before the decade ends. The 610 area codes, introduced just two years ago in hopes of keeping the region flush with new phone numbers well into the next century, is expected to dry up in 1998, along with the area's older 215 area code. Telecommunications officials assembled here earlier this month to brainstorm for ways to create new lines. All the proposals they developed would add area codes. The team of phone companies, cellular providers and paging services convened by Bell Atlantic came up with several proposals it plans to file with the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission in coming weeks. For the 215 area code, which covers the city, and some (northern) suburbs, the group developed a proposal that would split the area into two separate codes. AN ALTERNATIVE plan would create a second, "overlay" area code in the existing 215 boundaries, a plan that would leave some customers with two area codes at one address. With the overlay plan, existing lines would be able to keep the 215 area code. The panel developed similar proposals for 610, which covers all or part of ten eastern Pennsylvania counties. The PUC can accept the ideas, tell the group to try again or come up with its own plans. Bellcore, the research arm of the seven regional Bell companies, will assign the new area codes. ############# [JC's note: Basicly the same old, same old: A few two-way split plans, and one overlay plan per NPA involved. According to BA, 2.2 million numbers remain in 215, with 3.3 million in 610. Consumption rates are roughly 300K/quarter in 215 and 350-400K/quarter in 610 give/take 50K.] John Cropper, President NiS Telecom Division POB 277, Pennington, NJ USA 08534-0277 voice: (800) 247-8675 fax: (609) 637-9430 psyber@usa.pipeline.com ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 15 May 1996 14:19:52 -0700 From: Mark J. Cuccia Subject: LATA List and Some Descriptions While inTRA-LATA competition (particularly being able to choose a primary 1+/0+ default toll carrier for inTRA-LATA) and even *local* competition is becoming more available, as well as the local carriers being able to offer toll inTER-LATA, and the concept of "LATA's" might become meaningless or obsolete in the near future, LATA's still do exist. LATA's (ocal ccess ransport reas) were "created" in the early to mid 1980's as part of the divestiture (breakup) of the one corporate Bell System and the MFJ (odification of inal udgement). As mentioned below, there was an "initial" LATA scheme, but there were some changes to this just at the time of divestiture and the beginnings of "Equal Access" services. I am interested in what the original LATA scheme really was intended to be, including the LATA codes. I mention below *some* of the original intended LATA's and how they were actually changed when LATA's "officially" took effect in January 1984. If anyone has a list of the 1982/83 LATA's and the associated "LATA Codes", I'd be interested in some of these original but later modified LATA situations. LATA codes are three digit codes assigned to each LATA or LATA-Like territory. I don't know who did the original numbering scheme (AT&T/Bell? DOJ? USITA? NECA? FCC? or a combination of them?), nor do I know who maintains the LATA numbering for any slight modifications which might be necessary (Bellcore? FCC? ATIS or their forums? etc). The LATA codes are used for "administrative" and "organizational" purposes. They are not really intended to be network routing or switching codes (but what a particular interexchange carrier does within its *own* network for routing and switching is really its own business), but used to organize listings of NPA-NXX codes of a particular carrier or switching entity as well as for billing functions, such as division of toll revenues. LATA codes are indicated in such materials as: tariffs filed with the FCC by AT&T and other toll carriers; Bellcore TRA products; NECA products; etc. The listing below has been compiled from various sources, particularly from tariff filings. So any additions, corrections, further details will be appreciated! ------------------ LATA Names and Service Regions by LATA Number: Within "Bell" LATA's, there CAN BE and ARE independent telco central offices (there are 164 total "Bell" Latas); Within an "independent" LATA, there CAN BE and ARE are central offices of "other" independents; LATA's CAN and DO cross state/NPA lines -- sometimes in rather large chunks; sometimes just 'zigzagging' about a state/NPA boundary. There are even cross-state situations where one LATA contains central offices of an adjacent state served by a DIFFERENT Regional Bell Company (i.e. Some Bell South LATA's can extend into portions of TX and AR, and include central offices of Southwestern Bell as well as some small local independent telcos; Likewise, some Southwestern Bell LATA's can extend into portions of LA, MS, TN, KY and include central offices of Bell South as well as some small local independent telcos). 1NX (NYNEX) 2NX (Bell Atlantic) 3NX (Ameritech) 4NX (Bell South) 5NX (Southwestern Bell) 6NX (US West) 7NX (Pacific Telesis) 8NX (Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, US Virign Islands; also includes 'pseudo' LATA's for Canada, other Caribbean, etc) 9NX (LATA's and Lata-like regions of: Cincinnati Bell, Southern New England (Bell), large "independent" telco territory) This listing represents the Bell, "offshore" and "independent" LATA's of the US (including AK, HI, PR, USVI, etc) as finalized around 1984/85. There were some modifications made to the "initial" LATA scheme as submitted in 1982/83. Originally, there were to be only 160 "Bell" LATA's. After some AT&T and DOJ/Greene negotiations, there were four additional "Bell" LATA's. There were also to have been some additional "independent" LATA's using "9NX" codes such as: 955 Dothan AL - GTE (9NX code?) Las Vegas NV - Centel (9NX code?) Bryan TX - GTE 959 Jefferson City & Columbia MO - shared United and GTE (9NX code?) Ashland KY - GTE Some of the above "deleted" independent LATA's had their boundaries redrawn to become a "Bell" LATA, by adding some Bell central offices of an adjacent "initial/existing" Bell LATA. Others were just completely absorbed into an intial/existing adjacent "Bell" LATA. In addition, there were also some *additional* "independent" LATA's added to the "initial" scheme. Of the "Bell" LATA's, you will note that for the most part, they are all numbered with consecutive even numbers. There are a few exceptions to this in the listing. In the listing below, there are some "odd" numbered "Bell" LATA's as well as some "skipped" even number sequences. This might give some insight into what the 1982/83 "initial" LATA scheme was. 1NX - NYNEX (12 total) =========== 120 Maine 122 New Hampshire 124 Vermont 126 western MA 128 eastern MA 130 Rhode Island 132 New York City METRO (also includes two ratecenters of extreme southwestern CT handled by NY Telephone; includes Long Island and portions of some counties north of Bronx NYCity) 133 Poughkeepsie NY 134 Albany NY 136 Syracuse NY 138 Binghampton NY 140 Buffalo NY 2NX - Bell Atlantic (19 total) =================== 220 Atlantic Coastal area (NJ) 222 Delaware Valley area (NJ) 224 northern NJ area 226 Capital PA 228 Philadelphia PA (includes entire state of Delaware) 230 Altoona PA 232 northeastern PA 234 Pittsburgh PA 236 Washington DC METRO (includes MD and VA suburbs) 238 Baltimore MD 240 Hagerstown MD 242 Salisbury MD 244 Roanoke VA 246 Culpepper VA 248 Richmond VA 250 Lynchburg VA 252 Norfolk VA 254 Charleston WV 256 Clarksburg WV 3NX - Ameritech (29 total) =============== 320 Cleveland OH 322 Youngstown OH 324 Columbus OH 325 Akron OH 326 Toledo OH 328 Dayton OH 330 Evansville IN 332 South Bend IN 334 Auburn-Huntington IN 336 Indianapolis IN 338 Bloomington IN 340 Detroit MI 342 upper peninsula MI 344 Saginaw MI 346 Lansing MI 348 Grand Rapids MI 350 northeastern WI 352 northwestern WI 354 southwestern WI 356 southeastern WI 358 Chicago IL METRO (includes some WI and IN suburbs) 360 Rockford IL 362 Cairo IL 364 Sterling IL 366 Forrest IL 368 Peoria IL 370 Champaign IL 374 Springfield IL 376 Quincy IL 4NX - Bell South (38 total) ================ (note within Florida, there are *also* "sub-LATA zones" as per state regulatory stipulations. They are known as "Equal Access Exchange Areas", EAEA's; this *also* happens in "independent" areas in Florida using '9NX' LATA codes) 420 Asheville NC 422 Charlotte NC 424 Greensboro NC 426 Raleigh NC 428 Wilmington NC 430 Greenville SC 432 Florence SC 434 Columbia SC 436 Charleston SC 438 Atlanta GA 440 Savannah GA 442 Augusta GA 444 Albany GA 446 Macon GA 448 Pensacola FL (448-13 WA-EA; 448-14 CR-EA; 448-15 FW-EA) 450 Panama City FL (450-09 PC-EA; 450-10 SJ-EA; 450-11 QC-EA; 450-12 MR-EA) 452 Jacksonville FL (452-04 CL-EA; 452-05 LO-EA) 454 Gainesville FL (454-02 NW-EA; 454-03 OL-EA) 456 Daytona Beach FL (456-01 PO-EA) 458 Orlando FL (458-06 OR-EA; 458-07 LB-EA; 458-08 WI-EA) 460 southeastern FL (460-17 GG-EA; 460-18 GR-EA) 462 Louisville KY 464 Owensboro KY 466 Winchester KY 468 Memphis TN 470 Nashville TN 472 Chattanooga TN 474 Knoxville TN 476 Birmingham AL 477 Huntsville AL 478 Montgomery AL 480 Mobile AL 482 Jackson MS (covers a portion of LA across the river from Natchez MS) 484 Biloxi/Gulfcoast area MS 486 Shreveport LA 488 Lafayette LA 490 New Orleans LA 492 Baton Rouge LA 5NX - Southwestern Bell (27 total) ======================= 520 St.Louis MO (also includes a rather sizeable portion of central IL independent and Ameritech central offices) 521 Westphalia MO 522 Springfield MO 524 Kansas City MO area 526 Ft.Smith AR 528 Little Rock AR 530 Pine Bluff AR 532 Witchita KS 534 Topeka KS 536 Oklahoma City OK 538 Tulsa OK 540 El Paso TX 542 Midland TX 544 Lubbock TX 546 Amarillo TX 548 Witchita Falls TX 550 Abilene TX 552 Dallas TX 554 Longview TX 556 Waco TX 558 Austin TX 560 Houston TX 562 Beaumont TX 564 Corpus Christi TX 566 San Antonio TX 568 Brownsville TX 570 Hearne TX 6NX - US West (27 total) ============= 620 Rochester MN 624 Duluth MN 626 St.Cloud MN 628 Minneapolis-St.Paul MN 630 Sioux City IA 632 Des Moines IA 634 Davenport IA 635 Cedar Rapids IA 636 Brainerd-Fargo ND (also includes large part of western MN) 638 Bismark ND 640 South Dakota 644 Omaha NE 646 Grand Island NE 648 Great Falls MT 650 Billings MT 652 Idaho (southern) 654 Wyoming 656 Denver CO 658 Colorado Springs CO 660 Utah 664 New Mexico 666 Phoenix AZ 668 Tucson AZ 670 Eugene OR 672 Portland OR 674 Seattle WA 676 Spokane WA (includes small part of central Idaho) 7NX - Pacific Telesis (12 total) ===================== 720 Reno NV 721 Pahrump NV (southern NV, including Sprint's Centel Las Vegas) 722 San Francisco CA 724 Chico CA 726 Sacramento CA 728 Fresno CA 730 Los Angeles CA 732 San Diego CA 734 Bakersfield CA 736 Monterey CA 738 Stockton CA 740 San Luis Obispo CA 8NX - "offshore & international" ================================ 820 Puerto Rico (ITT) 822 US Virgin Islands (ITT) 824 Bahamas (pseudo-LATA) (C&W) 826 Jamaica (pseudo-LATA) (C&W) 828 Dominican Republic (pseudo-LATA) (GTE) 830 "other Caribbean islands" (pseudo-LATA) (C&W) (Trinidad & Tobago, Bermuda, Cayman Is, Turks & Caicos Is, British West Indies from British Virgin Is to Grenada including Barbados) 832 Alaska (AT&T Alascom) 834 Hawaii (GTE) 836 Midway-Wake (CNMI?, Guam? American Samoa?) (GTE/RCA) 838 Mexico (pseudo-LATA) (Telemex/ITT) 840 "international/overseas" (pseudo-LATA) Canadian "pseudo" LATA's 850 Bell Canada- Quebec (BCE- Bell Canada Enterprises; also, BCE's Telebec central offices are in this "LATA") 851 Bell Canada- Ontario (BCE- Bell Canada Enterprises; also, BCE's Northern Telephone of Ontario and the Ontario Government/Railways owned Ontario Northland Telecomm. central offices are in this "LATA") 881 Edmonton AB (EdTel, now part of "Telus" Corp) 882 Prince Rupert City BC (municipally owned "independent") 883 GTE's Quebec Telephone 884 Alberta (except Edmonton) (AGT is part of "Telus" Corp) 885 Newfoundland (NewTel is partially owned by BCE) 886 GTE's British Columbia Telephone Co. 887 Prince Edward Island (owned by MT&T) 888 Manitoba (MTS) 889 Nova Scotia (MT&T- Maritime Tel & Tel, partially owned by BCE) 890 New Brunswick (NBTel is partially owned by BCE) 891 Saskatchewan (Saskatel) 892 "Northwestel" (owned by BCE) (northern BC, YT, NWT-incl.old Bell Canada in eastern/Arctic) 9NX - "independent" LATA's (continental US) =========================================== 920 Connecticut (SNET, except for NY Tel's ratecenters; Woodbury Tel. in Woodbury CT is in this LATA) 921 Fishers Island NY (local independent telco) 922 Cincinnati Bell (OH, KY, IN) 923 Lima-Mansfield OH (two non-contiguous territories) SPRINT-United 924 Erie PA (GTE) 927 Harrisonburg VA 928 Charlottesville VA 929 Edinburg VA 930 Epps Fork VA 932 Bluefield WV 937 Richmond IN 938 Terre Haute IN 939 Ft.Myers FL (SPRINT-United) (939-01 Avon Park EA; 939-02 Ft.Myers EA) 949 Fayetteville NC 951 Rocky Mount NC 952 Tampa FL (GTE) 953 Talahassee FL (SPRINT-Centel) 956 Bristol-Johnson City TN (SPRINT-United) 958 Lincoln NE (Lincoln Tel & Tel) 960 Coeur d'Alene ID (GTE)- north Idaho 961 San Angelo TX (GTE) 963 Kalispell MT 973 Palm Sprins CA (GTE) 974 Rochester NY (Rochester Frontier Tel) 976 Mattoon IL 977 Macomb IL 978 Olney IL 980 Navajo Communications of Arizona 981 Navajo Communications of Utah 999 (default "lata" code for NPA's 500, 800, 900, etc) some other "major" independent telcos of the above 9NX "LATA's": (ICTC -- Illinois Consolidated Telephone Company) (SPRINT-United's Carolina Tel & Tel) (GTE/Contel- formerly Contel) (SPRINT-Centel) (SPRINT-United's Inter-Mountain Tel. Co.) (Citizen's Telecom- once was independent areas served by GTE) etc. MARK J. CUCCIA PHONE/WRITE/WIRE: HOME: (USA) Tel: CHestnut 1-2497 WORK: mcuccia@mailhost.tcs.tulane.edu |4710 Wright Road| (+1-504-241-2497) Tel:UNiversity 5-5954(+1-504-865-5954)|New Orleans 28 |fwds on no-answr to Fax:UNiversity 5-5917(+1-504-865-5917)|Louisiana(70128)|cellular/voicemail ------------------------------ From: Argi Krikelis Subject: CFP: Very Low Bit-rate Video Coding (IEEE J-SAC) Date: 14 May 1996 17:14:13 GMT Organization: Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications Call for Papers Very Low Bit-rate Video Coding Technology advances and application demands lead to the inevitable merging of telecommunications and computing areas. Future user requirements are anticipated to be dominated by video-driven applications, with demands for a very high degree of flexibility and extensibility. Applications will include real-time, high quality interactivity using natural and/or synthetic video data over limited bandwidth communication lines and access of limited capacity storage media, providing ability to achieve scalability with fine granularity in spatial and temporal resolution and complexity. Such demands will require robust and efficient very low bit-rate video coding approaches, able to support resilient transmission/accessing of very high quality video pictures. Current video processing technologies and international standards will not be able to cope with such requirements because of well known limitations, e.g., block and mosquito artifacts. The development and evolution of alternative video coding techniques and video processing systems is necessary. The nature of the required research poses a number of challenges in algorithm development and specification and development of coding tools which will allow a very high degree of application-specific functionality, evolution of processing (especially highly parallel) architectures to efficiently support the required operations, etc. The IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications is developing an issue with the broad theme of very low bit-rate video coding. This issue will include, but is not limited to, papers on the following topics: Very low bit-rate video coding techniques for video transmission and storage content-based; model-based; vector quantisation; wavelets; fractals. Scalability issues in very low bit-rate coding; Very low bit-rate coding of hybrid (video and synthetic) data; Very low bit-rate video coding for multimedia (e.g. stereoscopic images and 3D views); Robustness of very low bit-rate video coding in error-prone environments; Processing architectures for very low bit-rate video coding. Prospective authors of original work should submit six (6) copies of their manuscripts to one the Guest Editors listed below, according to the following schedule: six (6) copies of the full manuscript September 1, 1996 notification of decisions December 1, 1996 final version of the manuscript Feburary 1, 1997 publication date Fourth quarter 1997 Guest Editors Dr. Kazumasa Enami Dr. Anargyros (Argy) Krikelis Science and Technical Research Labs Aspex Microsystems Ltd. Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK) Brunel University 1-10-11 Kinuta, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157 Uxbridge, UB8 3PH JAPAN United Kingdom Tel: +81 3 54942300 Tel: +44 1895 274000 ext 2763 Fax: +81 3 54942309 Fax: + 44 1895 258728 E-mail: enami@strl.nhk.or.jp E-mail:Argy.Krikelis@aspex.co.uk Argy.Krikelis@brunel.ac.uk Prof. Todd R. Reed Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of California Davis, CA 95616 USA Tel:+1 (916) 7524720 Fax:+1 (916) 7528428 E-mail:trreed@ucdavis.edu ------------------------------ Subject: Telecom Archives CDROM Ordering Details Date: Wed, 15 May 1996 14:42:16 -0700 From: TELECOM Digest Editor People have been asking how to order the Telecom Archives CDROM by mail order. Not everyone has been able to find it in a store as of yet. If you can find it in a store, you will save on the shipping charges, however it might simply be easier for you to order it direct from the publisher, so details are given below. 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Shipping and handling is $5 (per ORDER, not per disc) for US, Canada, and Mexico, and $9 for overseas (AIRMAIL) shipping. Please allow 14 working days ( 3 weeks ) for overseas orders to arrive. Most orders arrive in 1-2 weeks. -------------------- Therefore, unless you want next day delivery by FedEx which would make it quite expensive you would send $39.95 plus $5 to Walnut Creek at thier address above, or authorize them to charge your credit card, etc. As noted also, customers outside the USA need to pay additional shipping costs. Write to Walnut Creek at the addresses above. If you can find it in a retail outlet then you save shipping and handling charges. In any event, please buy one today! PAT -------------------- The Telecom Archives remains a free resource for the Internet and is available using anonymous ftp massis.lcs.mit.edu. ------------------------------ TELECOM Digest is an electronic journal devoted mostly but not exclusively to telecommunications topics. It is circulated anywhere there is email, in addition to various telecom forums on a variety of public service systems and networks including Compuserve and America On Line. It is also gatewayed to Usenet where it appears as the moderated newsgroup 'comp.dcom.telecom'. Subscriptions are available to qualified organizations and individual readers. Write and tell us how you qualify: * ptownson@massis.lcs.mit.edu * The Digest is edited, published and compilation-copyrighted by Patrick Townson of Skokie, Illinois USA. You can reach us by postal mail, fax or phone at: Post Office Box 4621 Skokie, IL USA 60076 Phone: 500-677-1616 Fax: 847-329-0572 ** Article submission address: ptownson@massis.lcs.mit.edu Our archives are located at mirror.lcs.mit.edu and are available by using anonymous ftp. The archives can also be accessed using our email information service. 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