41 Niobium H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr[Nb]Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr +--------------------+ | 41 _ _ _ | | | \ | | |__ | | | \| | '_ \ | | | |\ | |_) | | | |_| \_|_.__/ | | | | Niobium | | 92.90637 u | +--------------------+ Electron Configuration: [Kr]5s1 4d4 Electronegativity: 1.6 Atomic Radius: 207 pm Ionization Energy: 6.759 eV Electron Affinity: 0.893 eV Oxidation States: +5, +3 Standard State: Solid Melting Point: 2750 K Boiling Point: 5017 K Density: 8.57 g/cm3 Family: Transition metal Year Discovered: 1801 Number of Neutrons: 52 Number of Protons: 41 Number of Electrons: 41 Number of Valence: Valency: Group: 5 Period: 5 Shell: d-shell Specific Heat: 0.265 J/g K Radioactive: 0 Occurrence: Natural Source: Dying low-mass stars