(define (rand)
  (/ (random 42001) 42000))

(define (nn n)
  (cond ((< n 0) 0)
        ((> n 1) 1)
        (else n)))

(define (c-to-l c)
  (if (<= c 0.03928)
      (/ c 12.92)
      (expt (/ (+ c 0.055) 1.055) 2.4)))

(define (relative-luminance rgb)
  (apply +
         (map (lambda (color coefficient)
                (* coefficient
                   (c-to-l color)))
              rgb
              '(0.2126 0.7152 0.0722))))

(define (contrast-ratio color1 color2)
  (let ((l1 (+ 0.05 (relative-luminance color1)))
        (l2 (+ 0.05 (relative-luminance color2))))
    (if (> l1 l2)
        (/ l1 l2)
        (/ l2 l1))))

(define (l-to-c m)
  (if (<= m (/ 0.03928 12.92))
      (* m 12.92)
      (- (* (expt m (/ 1 2.4))
            1.055)
         0.055)))

(define (color-with-luminance-higher-than N)
  (let* ((Rc 0.2126)
         (Gc 0.7152)
         (Bc 0.0722)

         (R-min-lum (nn (/ (- N Gc Bc) Rc)))
         (R-min-color (l-to-c R-min-lum))
         (R-color (+ R-min-color (* (rand) (- 1 R-min-color))))
         (R-lum (* Rc (c-to-l R-color)))

         (G-min-lum (nn (/ (- N R-lum Bc) Gc)))
         (G-min-color (l-to-c G-min-lum))
         (G-color (+ G-min-color (* (rand) (- 1 G-min-color))))
         (G-lum (* Gc (c-to-l G-color)))

         (B-min-lum (nn (/ (- N R-lum G-lum) Bc)))
         (B-min-color (l-to-c B-min-lum))
         (B-color (+ B-min-color (* (rand) (- 1 B-min-color))))
         (B-lum (* Bc (c-to-l B-color))))
    (list R-color G-color B-color)))

(define (color-with-luminance-lower-than N)
  (let* ((Rc 0.2126)
         (Gc 0.7152)
         (Bc 0.0722)

         (R-max-lum (nn (/ N Rc)))
         (R-max-color (l-to-c R-max-lum))
         (R-color (* R-max-color (rand)))
         (R-lum (* Rc (c-to-l R-color)))

         (G-max-lum (nn (/ (- N R-lum) Gc)))
         (G-max-color (l-to-c G-max-lum))
         (G-color (* G-max-color (rand)))
         (G-lum (* Gc (c-to-l G-color)))

         (B-max-lum (nn (/ (- N R-lum G-lum) Bc)))
         (B-max-color (l-to-c B-max-lum))
         (B-color (* B-max-color (rand)))
         (B-lum (* Bc (c-to-l B-color))))
    (list R-color G-color B-color)))

(define (generate-contrast-color color ratio)
  (let ((color-lum (relative-luminance color)))
    (if (< color-lum (- (/ 1 ratio) 0.05))
        (color-with-luminance-higher-than (+ (* (+ color-lum 0.05) ratio) 0.05))
        (color-with-luminance-lower-than (- (/ (+ color-lum 0.05) ratio) 0.05)))))