


as(1)                 GNU Development Tools                 as(1)


NNAAMMEE
       GNU as--the portable GNU assembler.


SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
       aass [--aa|--aall|--aass] [--DD] [--ff] [--II _p_a_t_h] [--KK] [--LL] [--oo _o_b_j_f_i_l_e]
       [--RR] [--vv] [--ww] [---- | _f_i_l_e_s...]

       _i_9_6_0_-_o_n_l_y _o_p_t_i_o_n_s_:
       [--AACCAA|--AACCAA__AA|--AACCBB|--AACCCC|--AAKKAA|--AAKKBB|--AAKKCC|--AAMMCC] [--bb]
       [--nnoorreellaaxx]

       _m_6_8_0_x_0_-_o_n_l_y _o_p_t_i_o_n_s_:
       [--ll] [--mmcc6688000000|--mmcc6688001100|--mmcc6688002200]


DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
       GNU  aass  is really a family of assemblers.  If you use (or
       have used) the GNU  assembler  on  one  architecture,  you
       should  find  a fairly similar environment when you use it
       on another architecture.  Each version has much in  common
       with  the  others,  including  object  file  formats, most
       assembler directives (often called _p_s_e_u_d_o_-_o_p_s_) and  assem-
       bler syntax.

       For  information  on the syntax and pseudo-ops used by GNU
       aass, see `aass' entry in iinnffoo (or the manual  _U_s_i_n_g  _a_s_:  _T_h_e
       _G_N_U _A_s_s_e_m_b_l_e_r).

       aass is primarily intended to assemble the output of the GNU
       C compiler ggcccc for use by the  linker  lldd.   Nevertheless,
       we've  tried to make aass assemble correctly everything that
       the native assembler would.  This doesn't mean  aass  always
       uses  the  same  syntax  as another assembler for the same
       architecture; for example, we know of several incompatible
       versions of 680x0 assembly language syntax.

       Each  time you run aass it assembles exactly one source pro-
       gram.  The source program is made up of one or more files.
       (The standard input is also a file.)

       If aass is given no file names it attempts to read one input
       file from the aass standard input, which  is  normally  your
       terminal.   You may have to type ccttll--DD to tell aass there is
       no more program to assemble.  Use  `----'  if  you  need  to
       explicitly  name  the  standard input file in your command
       line.

       aass may write warnings and error messages to  the  standard
       error  file (usually your terminal).  This should not hap-
       pen when aass is run automatically by a compiler.   Warnings
       report an assumption made so that aass could keep assembling
       a flawed program; errors report a grave problem that stops
       the assembly.



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as(1)                 GNU Development Tools                 as(1)


OOPPTTIIOONNSS
       --aa|--aall|--aass
              Turn  on  assembly  listings;  `--aall', listing only,
              `--aass', symbols only, `--aa', everything.

       --DD     This option is accepted only for script compatibil-
              ity  with  calls  to  other  assemblers;  it has no
              effect on aass.

       --ff     ``fast''--skip preprocessing (assume source is com-
              piler output).

       --II _p_a_t_h
              Add  _p_a_t_h  to  the  search list for ..iinncclluuddee direc-
              tives.

       --KK     Issue warnings when difference tables  altered  for
              long displacements.

       --LL     Keep (in symbol table) local symbols, starting with
              `LL'

       --oo _o_b_j_f_i_l_e
              Name the object-file output from aass

       --RR     Fold data section into text section

       --vv     Announce aass version

       --WW     Suppress warning messages

       _-_- | _f_i_l_e_s_._._.
              Source files to assemble, or standard input (----)

       --AA_v_a_r  _(_W_h_e_n _c_o_n_f_i_g_u_r_e_d _f_o_r  _I_n_t_e_l  _9_6_0_._)   Specify  which
              variant of the 960 architecture is the target.

       --bb     _(_W_h_e_n  _c_o_n_f_i_g_u_r_e_d _f_o_r _I_n_t_e_l _9_6_0_._)  Add code to col-
              lect statistics about branches taken.

       --nnoorreellaaxx
              _(_W_h_e_n _c_o_n_f_i_g_u_r_e_d _f_o_r _I_n_t_e_l _9_6_0_._)  Do not alter com-
              pare-and-branch  instructions  for  long  displace-
              ments; error if necessary.

       --ll     _(_W_h_e_n _c_o_n_f_i_g_u_r_e_d _f_o_r _M_o_t_o_r_o_l_a _6_8_0_0_0_)_.
              Shorten references to  undefined  symbols,  to  one
              word instead of two.

       --mmcc6688000000|--mmcc6688001100|--mmcc6688002200
              _(_W_h_e_n _c_o_n_f_i_g_u_r_e_d _f_o_r _M_o_t_o_r_o_l_a _6_8_0_0_0_)_.
              Specify  what  processor in the 68000 family is the
              target (default 68020)




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as(1)                 GNU Development Tools                 as(1)


       Options may be in any order, and may be before, after,  or
       between  file  names.  The order of file names is signifi-
       cant.

       `----' (two hyphens) by itself names the standard input file
       explicitly, as one of the files for aass to assemble.

       Except for `----' any command line argument that begins with
       a hyphen (`--') is an  option.   Each  option  changes  the
       behavior  of aass.  No option changes the way another option
       works.  An option is a `--' followed by one  or  more  let-
       ters;  the  case of the letter is important.   All options
       are optional.

       The `--oo' option expects exactly one file name  to  follow.
       The  file  name may either immediately follow the option's
       letter (compatible with older assemblers) or it may be the
       next command argument (GNU standard).

       These two command lines are equivalent:
       aass  --oo  mmyy--oobbjjeecctt--ffiillee..oo  mmuummbbllee..ss
       aass  --oommyy--oobbjjeecctt--ffiillee..oo  mmuummbbllee..ss


SSEEEE AALLSSOO
       `aass'  entry  in iinnffoo; _U_s_i_n_g _a_s_: _T_h_e _G_N_U _A_s_s_e_m_b_l_e_r; ggcccc(11),
       lldd(11).


CCOOPPYYIINNGG
       Copyright (c) 1991, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

       Permission is granted  to  make  and  distribute  verbatim
       copies  of  this  manual provided the copyright notice and
       this permission notice are preserved on all copies.

       Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified ver-
       sions  of  this  manual  under the conditions for verbatim
       copying, provided that the entire resulting  derived  work
       is  distributed  under  the  terms  of a permission notice
       identical to this one.

       Permission is granted to copy and distribute  translations
       of this manual into another language, under the above con-
       ditions for modified versions, except that this permission
       notice  may  be  included  in translations approved by the
       Free  Software  Foundation  instead  of  in  the  original
       English.









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