\type
#fblack Type refers to the vegetal characteristic of the tree.
#fyellow  Deciduous#d - The leaves on the tree are not persistant.
They fall off the tree during its dormant period, which is
usaully during the winter.

#fyellow  Evergreen#d - The tree stays in its green foliage
condition all year round.

#fyellow  Needled-Evergreen#d - Trees with very narrow leaves.
Many Needled-Evergreens are coniferous such as pines, firs and
spruce species.

\evergreen
#fyellow  Evergreen#d - The tree stays in its green foliage
condition all year round.

\needled-evergreen
#fyellow  Needled-Evergreen#d - Trees with very narrow leaves.
Many Needled-Evergreens are coniferous such as pines, firs and
spruce species.

\Deciduous
#fyellow  Deciduous#d - The leaves on the tree are not persistent.
They fall off the tree during its dormant period. Usually
during the winter.


\height range
Look above your planting site and its surroundings. You do not
want to plant a tree under power lines, which means you will
eventually have to prune the top or too close to a house or other
trees.  For example, the #mtree height#m and an understanding of
its eventual #mwidth#m, may be important, if there is something
you need to hide or screen from a particular view.

\more about zones
 The location or #mzone classification#m in which you live
 determines the hardiness or cold tolerance of a tree.  All
 trees have a minimum temperature that they can survive.  If
 the temperature drops below the tree's tolerance it may die.

\zone classification
 The zoning classification used in this system is from the
 United States Department of Agriculture.  It is a simple
 system that divides the United States into ten plant hardiness
 zones that are described by the lowest recorded winter
 temperatures. Remember that these zones are only guidelines
 and climates often vary within each zone.

\bonsai
An ancient Asiatic art of dwarfing trees and shrubs and planting
them in small pots.  In Japan, some bonsai trees are known to be
at least 300 years old and are handed down from generation to
generation.

\function
#fyellow ABUSE TAKERS#d - These are trees which will grow where all
else fails.

#fyellow ATTRACTIVE FRUITS AND BERRIES#d - Trees that produce edible and
inedible fruits that are very colorful and in many cases, long
lasting.

#fyellow ATTRACTIVE WINTER LOOK#d - In the winter when these trees lose
their leaves they provide a spectacular contrast against the sky
or other #mevergreen#m or #mneedled-evergreen#m trees.

#fyellow CAN BE DWARFED#d - Many trees can be dwarfed or used as a #mbonsai#m.
These trees can be dwarfed by restricting their roots in a
container and pruned carefully.

#fyellow CAN BE SHEARED#d - Many trees seem to be relentlessly attacked by
pruning shears to conform to a desired shape or structure.
Unfortunately, many trees respond poorly to shearing or heavy
pruning.  These trees are those that can be sheared.

#fyellow EXCELLENT FALL COLOR#d - #mDeciduous#m trees that display spectacular
colors in the fall.

#fyellow DROUGHT TOLERANT#d - Many parts of the Western United States has
a distinctive short rainy season with a long period of hot, dry
months.  With periodic annual droughts, watering trees
artificially in this area is expensive and resourcefully
unsound.  These trees need little or no water during this hot,
dry period.

#fyellow PATIO AND GARDEN TREES#d - These trees are relatively small,
well-behaved and provide shade and beautiful seasonal color.
Their root sytems are not likely to crack pavement or rob water
and nutrients from surrounding plants.  Garden trees are as
well-behaved as the patio trees, but may be messy, by dropping
a lot of leaves and/or fruit.  The larger garden trees could be
used in larger landscapes for needed height or shade.

#fyellow RAPID GROWING#d - Many trees are fast growing (two to three feet
per year), but these trees grow three feet or more a year and
attain a good mature look within five years.

#fyellow SCREENS AND BUFFERS#d - Trees can be used to block unsightly objects
and views or provide privacy from without.  They can also be used
to buffer sounds from busy streets (if planted thickly enough).
These trees can be used for these purposes.

#fyellow URBAN TOLERANT#d - Urban areas provide a harsh environment for many
plant species, because of air pollution, higher temperatures, a
lot of night lighting, which causes high #mtranspiration#m, and
limited open soil surface for air and water.  These trees are
known to perform well in urban areas.

\transpiration
The physiological process by which water is given off by the
leaves through the stomata, situated usually in both the lower
and upper side of the leaf.  In other words, its a plants way of
"sweating".  Water loss is high during long light periods, high
temperatures and when wind blows across the leaves.  Water loss
is low when, day lengths are short (less light), temperatures are
low and there is no wind.  Transpiration can be reduced by
shading plants and also protecting them from high winds.

\season
Fruit color and fruit production occur at different seasons
of the year.  You can choose whichever season you prefer.
Generally, #fyellow Spring#d refers to March, April and May. #fyellow Summer#d refers
to June, July and August.  #fyellow Fall#d refers to September, October and
November. Lastly, #fyellow Winter#d refers to December, January and February.

\color
Fruit color and fruit production occur at different seasons
of the year.  You can choose whichever color you prefer.

\fall color
These trees produce a spectacular display of fall color, during
the months of September, October and November.  You can choose
whichever fall color you prefer.

\common and scientific names
Scientific names are in Latin, the worldwide language of
scholars at the time plant classification was formalized.

      Full scientific name         RootDirectory is set up in
 Ŀ    such a way as to encourage
  Genus    Species               the use of scientific names.
                                 They are used in nurseries,
#fyellow  Acacia   baileyana   'Purpurea'#d   magazines, plant catalogues
                                  and horticultural classes.
                     #mCultivar#m
more...
   Genus  Species                  Common names may vary from
                                 one part of the globe to
#fyellow  Acer   obiongum   var. biauritum#d  another, but a plant has only
                                  one scientific name, which is
                      #mVariety#m    the same all over the globe.
   Genus     Species
                                 The more one learns the
#fyellow   Cotinus   coggygria#d              scientific names, the more
#fyellow   (Rhus continus)#d  #mSynonym#m       exact one will be discussing
#fyellow   Smoke tree#d  Common name        them and in finding them in
                                   reference material.
\Cultivar
A cultivar is a horticultural or cultivated variety which is
propagated for desirable characteristics.

\Variety
A variation in plant form or habit, foliage or flower
characteristics.

\Synonym
Previous scientific name.

\SOIL
The original soil should be used to backfill, when planting the
tree.  Do not add any additional amendments to the soil. Adding
additional amendments reduces its ability to adapt to the
surrounding soil it will be growing into.

\BURLAP
A coarse fabric made of jute, flax, hemp or cotton, used for
wrapping, bagging, etc.

\DUGUP
There may be times when you may want to "dig up" and transplant
a tree to another location.  This can be a simple operation, but
one must keep a few essentials in mind.  First, as much of the
plants roots should remain on the plant and not be allowed to
dry out during the operation and after it is transplanted.
Third, the destination hole should be big enough, so roots will
not be jammed and smashed together in order to squeeze them in.

\ROUNDPOINT
#fyellow Uses:#d ditch digging, scooping, and digging planting holes.

#fyellow Advantage:#d Vertical sides are easier to create in planting holes
           and ditches.

#fyellow Disadvantage:#d Heavy and large for some people.

\GARDEN_SHOVEL
#fyellow Uses:#d digging planting holes, cultivating and edging.

#fyellow Advantage:#d  Lighter and smaller than the round-pointed shovel.

#fyellow Disadvantage:#d  Not strong enough for tougher jobs.

\TRANSPLANTING_SHOVEL
#fyellow Uses:#d digging planting holes and transplanting trees and shrubs.

#fyellow Advantage:#d Easier to maneuver while transplanting and lighter
           than the round-pointed shovel and garden shovel.

#fyellow Disadvantage:#d May cause back ache for those with weak backs if
              not used properly.

\SOIL
The original soil should be used to backfill, when planting the
tree.  Do not add any additional amendments to the soil.  Adding
additional amendments reduces its ability to adapt to the
surrounding soil it will be growing into.
\

\STEP1
Gently pull the tree out of the container by holding the can
with one hand and pulling at the base of the tree with the other
hand.  If the tree will not come out, try tapping on the
sides of the container with your shovel.  Some cans, such as
metal types, should be cut with tin snips or can-cutters.  A
plant should never be forced out of a container, as it may
damage the roots.  Clip off any circling or matted up roots, as
these will seriously impair the future growth of the tree.

After the is free of the container, place it in the #mhole#m, with
the soil line of the tree level or slightly higher than the
surrounding soil.

\STEP2
Backfill the hole, firming it with the handle end of your
shovel as you go.  Backfill to the level of the surrounding
soil or slightly higher.

\STEP3
After backfilling, create a ridge or mound around the planting
hole.  Slowly water the tree, until the moat is full.
\
