
			     HERBAL MATERIA MEDICA  4.0

A brief outline of major medicinal plants, giving preferred media, strengths,
 and common dosage ranges

Michael Moore

SOUTHWEST SCHOOL OF BOTANICAL MEDICINE
122 Tulane SE, Albuquerque, NM  87106


ABIES (Tsuga canadensis, Canada Balsam, Hemlock Spruce) 
	BARK.  EXTERNAL: Weak Decoction. INTERNAL: Weak Decoction, 1-3 fluid
	ounces.  Tincture [1:5, 50% alcohol] 5-20 drops.  Essential Oil, 2-5 
	drops
ACACIA GREGGII (Catclaw Acacia)
	PODS/LEAVES.  Standard Infusion, 2-4 fluid ounces
ACACIA SENEGAL (Gum Arabic)
	One tablespoon dissolved in 4 oz. water, flavored with vanilla, 
	cinnamon, etc.
	Gum Arabic Mucilage, 1-2 teaspoons as needed.
ACHILLEA  (Yarrow, Milfoil, Plumajillo)
	WHOLE FLOWERING  PLANT.Tincture [FRESH 1:2, DRY 1:5, 50% alcohol]
	10 to 40 drops.  Standard Infusion, 2-4 ounces.
	ROOT.  Fresh Root Tincture, topical to gums as needed.
*ACONITUM COLUMBIANUM  (Aconite, Western Monkshood)
	FLOWERING HERB. Fresh Herb Tincture, 1:4, topical in moderation, 
	internal
	1-5 drops to 4X a day.  DANGEROUS IN LARGER DOSES.
	DRIED ROOT. Tincture [1:10, 70% alcohol] FOR TOPICAL USE ONLY. 
*ACONITUM CARMICHAELI (CURED) (Fu-tse, Fo-tzu)
	CURED CHINESE ROOT-SLICES. 1/4 to 1 slice, eaten or boiled, to 2X a day.
ACORUS CALAMUS (Calamus, Sweet Flag)
	RHIZOME/ROOT.  Tincture [FRESH 1:2,DRY 1:5,60% alcohol],  15-45 drops,
	to 4X a *day.  The dried leaves make a tasty simple tea.
*ACTEA RUBRA  (A. arguta,  Baneberry)
	ROOT.  Dry Root Tincture, [1:5, 80% alcohol] 10-20 drops to 3X a day.
ADIANTUM (Maidenhair Fern)
	DRIED HERB. Standard Infusion, 1-3 fluid ounces; 8 ounces as hair rinse.
*AESCULUS CALIFORNICA  (California Buckeye)
	BARK and FRUIT. Same as Aesculus glabra. 
*AESCULUS GLABRA (Ohio Buckeye)
	BARK and FRUIT.  Tincture [1:5, 50% alcohol] 5-15 drops.USE WITH CARE.
*AESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM (Horse Chestnut)
	BARK and FRUIT. Tincture [1:5, 50% alcohol] 3-10 drops. USE WITH CARE.
AGAR AGAR. Powdered or flaked refined mucilage from several seaweeds.
	Infusion, 1/2 to 2 tablespoons in water or fruit juice.
AGAVE (Century Plant, Maguey, American or False Aloe, Lechuguillla)
	Tinctuore [Fresh Leaf, 1:2, Dried Root, 1:5, 50% alcohol] 30-60 drops, 
	to 4X a day.
	The fresh leaf can induce a rash in some folks; test on arm first.
AGRIMONIA (Agrimony)
	HERB.  Standard Infusion, 2-4 ounces.  Tincture [1:5, 50% alcohol, or 
	Fresh
	 Plant, 1:2], 1/4 to 1 teaspoon as needed
AGROPYRON REPENS (Triticum repens, Couchgrass)
	RHIZOME/STEMS. Cold Infusion, 2-4 fl. oz. Tincture [ 1:5, 50% alcohol] 
	30-60 drops to 5X a day. Fluidextract [1:1, 50% alcohol] 10-30 drops to 
	5X a day
AILANTHUS ALTISSIMA  (Tree of Heaven)
	BARK, FRUIT. Cold Infusion, 1-2 ounces, to 5X a day.
ALCHEMILLA (Ladies Mantle)
	WHOLE PLANT. Standard Infusion, as needed
ALETRIS FARINOSA  (Star Grass. "True"(properly "False") Unicorn Root)
	RHIZOME. Tincture [1:5, 50% alcohol] 30-60 drops to 3X a day.  Cold 
	Infusion,
	1-3 ounces.
ALLIUM SATIVUM  (Garlic)
	BULB. Fresh Juic!e, 1/4 to 1 teaspoon.  Fresh Tincture [1:2] 15-40 
	drops.
ALNUS SERRULATA  (Tag Alder)
	BARK, fresh or recent only.  Strong Decoction, 1/2 to 2 tablespoons. 
	Weak Decoction for external use.
*ALOE  (Aloes Socrotine, etc.)
	DRIED JUICE. Capsules, a single #0 or #00.  Tincture [ 1:10, 50% 
	alcohol] 15-60 drops.  Use with antispasmodic such as Acorus or 
	Angelica.
ALTHEA  (Marshmallow or Hollyhock)
	ROOT. Cold Infusion or Fresh Tincture [1:2] as needed
	HERB. Cold Infusion as needed, or moistened for poultice.
AMARANTHUS  (Pigweed, Alegria)
	WHOLE PLANT.  Standard Infusion as needed.
AMBROSIA   (Ragweed, Bursage, Yerba del Sapo)
	HERB. Standard Infusion, 1-2 ounces. Fresh Tincture [1:2] 20-40 drops, 
	both to 4X a day.
*AMYGDALIS PERSICA  (Peach Tree)
	FRESH TWIGS. Cold Infusion, 1-2 oz. Tinctu*re [1:2], 30-90 drops, both 
	ad lib.
ANAGALLIS  (Scarlet Pimpernel)
	HERB. Fresh Plant Tincture [1:2] 5-15 drops. Not for extended use.
ANAPHALIS MARGARITACEA  (Pearly Everlasting)
	FLOWERING HERB. Standard Infusion, as needed.Rubbed leaves mixed with
	hot water for poultice.
*ANEMONE HIRSUTISSIMA  (Pulsatilla ludoviciana, Pasque Flower)
	FRESH PLANT. Tincture [1:2] 3-10 drops, to 4X a day.  Use with care.
*ANEMONE TUBEROSA  (Desert Anemone, Desert Pasque Flower)
	Same as previous.
ANEMOPSIS  (Yerba Mansa, Lizard Tail)
	ROOT.  Tincture [Fresh Root, 1:2, Dry Root, 1:5, 60% alcohol] 20-60 
	drops to 5X a day.  Cold Infusion, 2-4 ounces similarly.
	HERB.  Standard or Cold Infusion as needed.
ANGELICA
	ROOT. Tincture [Fresh Root, 1:2, Dry Root, 1:5, 65% alcohol) 30-60 
	drops, to 4X a day.  Strong Decoction, 1-2 ounces similarly.
	SEED: Tincture (as previous), 10-30 drops, or several seeds chewed.
*ANGELICA SINENSIS  (Dong Qua'i, Tang Kwei)
	CURED CHINESE OR KOREAN ROOT. Large slices, 1/16 to 1/8 a day, chewed
	and swallowed.Tincture [1:5, 70% alcohol] 5-20 drops Capsules, #0, 1 to 
	3 a day.
ANISUM  (Anise Seed)
	SEED. Standard Infusion, 2-4 ounces. Spirit of Anise, 1/4 to 1/2 
	teaspoon,  Oil of Anise, 1-5 drops, all as needed
ANTENNARIA   (Cat's Paw, Pussy Toes, Mountain Everlasting)
	WHOLE PLANT.  Standard Infusion, 3-6 ounces to 4X a day. 
ANTHEMIS NOBILIS  (Roman Chamomile)
	FLOWERING HERB. Cold Infusion (bitter tonic), Standard Infusion 
	(diaphoretic), both 2-4 ounces.
APIUM  (Celery)
	SEED. Simple Infusion, 1/2 to 1 teaspoon of seeds in cup of hot water.
APOCYNUM CANNABINUM  (Dogbane, Canada Hemp)
	ROOT. Tincture [1:5, 50% alcohol] 5-20 drops, to 3X a day.  USE 
	CAREFULLY!
ARALIA HISPIDA or SPINOSA  (Dwarf Elder, Hercules Club, Devil's Walkingstick)
	ROOT or BARK.  Tincture [1:5, 50% alcohol] 5-25 drops, to 3X a day.
ARALIA NUDICAULIS  ("American Sarsaprilla")
	ROOT. Cold Infusion 2-4 ounces. Tincture [1:5, 60% alc.] 15-30 drops, 
	both up to 3X a day.
ARALIA RACEMOSA  [including A. californica]  (Spikenard, California
Spikenard)
	ROOT.Tincture [Fresh Root,1:2, Recent Dry Root,1:5, 50% alcohol] 10-30 
	drops.
	Strong Decoction or Cold Infusion, 2-4 ounces.
ARBUTUS  (Madrone)
	LEAVES.  Same as Arctostaphylos spp.
ARCTIUM  (Burdock)
	ROOT  Cold Infusion, 2-4 ounces.  Fluidextract [1:1, 60% alcohol] 15-30 
	drops.
	Tincture [Fresh Root, 1:2, Dry Root, 1:5, 60% alcohol] 30-90 drops, all 
	3X a day.
	SEED. Tincture [1:5, 60% alcohol] 10-25 drops.
ARCTOSTAPHYLOS  (Uva Ursi, Manzanita, Bearberry)
	LEAVES.  Tincture [1:5, 50% alcohol] 30-60 drops in 8 oz. of water, to 
	3X a day.
	Standard Infusion 3-4 ounces to 3X a day.   For sitz bath, 8-12 ounces 
	Standard Infusion in warm water; sit in it morning and evening.
ARGEMONE  (Prickly Poppy, Cardo Santo)
	HERB.  Cold Infusion, 2-3 ounces, to 3X a day.  For short duration of 
	use only.
ARISAEMA  (Jack-in-the-Pulpit)
	CORM.  Tincture [Fresh Corm, slightly wilted, 1:2, 50% alcohol] 2-10 
	drops.
*ARISTOLOCHIA CALIFORNICA  (California Snakeroot, Cal. Dutchman's Pipe
	WHOLE PLANT. Fresh Plant Tincture [1:2] 5-20 drops to 3X a day.
*ARISTOLOCHIA SERPENTARIA (Virginia Snakeroot, Serpentaria)
	ROOT and HERB. Tincture [Fresh Plant, 1:2, Dry Root, 1:5, 70% alc.)
	5-20 drops to 3X a day.  For extended use, use only low doses, and 
	within a formula.
*ARISTOLOCHIA WATSONII (Indian Root, Raiz del Indio)
	Same as previous, but safer for extended use, as is A. californica.
*ARNICA  (A. montana, A. cordifolia, A. latiflora, etc.)
	WHOLE PLANT. Fresh plant, flower or root tincture [1:2], dry flowers or
	herb
	tincture, [1:5, 50% alcohol] and dry root tincture [1:5, 60% alcohol]. 
	EXTERNAL is diluted with one or two parts of water, applied as needed.  
	INTERNAL use 3-10 drops. TAKE INTERNALLY WITH CARE
*ARTEMISIA  ABSINTHIUM  (Wormwood)
	HERB.  Cold Infusion, 1-3 ounces.
*ARTEMISIA TRIDENTATA  (Sagebrush)
	HERB. Cold Infusion, 1-2 ounces. 
*ARTEMISIA VULGARIS  (Mugwort, California Mugwort)
	HERB.  Tincture [1:5, 50% alc.] 10-25 drops.  Acetum Tincture [1:5, in 
	vinegar] as needed externally.  Standard Infusion (drunk hot) for 
	diaphoretic, Cold Infusion as tonic.
ASAFETIDA  (Ferula asafetida,Devil's Dung, Stinkasant)
	GUM. Tincture [1:5, 85% alcohol] 5-20 drops. 
ASARUM  (Wild Ginger, Canada Snakeroot)
	ROOT.  Tincture [Fresh Root 1:2, Dry Root, 1:5, 60% alcohol] 20-50 
	drops in hot water. HERB. Standard Infusion or simple tea as needed.
*ASCLEPIAS ASPERULA  (Inmortal, Antelope Horns, Spider Milkweed)
	ROOT.  Tincture [1:5, 50% alcohol] 5-30 drops, Capsules, #00, 1-2, to 
	3X a day.
*ASCLEPIAS CORNUTA  (Common Milkweed)
	ROOT. Same as above.
*ASCLEPIAS INCARNATA  (Swamp Milkweed)
	ROOT. Same as above.
*ASCLEPIAS SUBULATA  (Desert Milkweed)
	ROOT.  Tincture [1:5, 50% alcohol] 10-20 drops in hot water, to 3X a 
	day.
*ASCLEPIAS TUBEROSA  (Pleurisy Root)
	ROOT.   Cold Infusion, 2-4 ounces.  Tincture [1:5, 50% alcohol] 30-90 
	drops.  Capsules, #00, 1-3, all to 3X a day.
ASPARAGUS OFFICINALE
	ROOT.Tincture [Fresh, 1:2, Dry, 1:5, 50% alcohol],30-60 drops in 
	water,3X a day.
*ASPIDIUM  (Dryopteris filix-mas,  Male Fern)
	OLEORESIN,ROOT.Oleoresin in capsules, 2 grams; powdered root in capsules
	10-15 grams.  Prepare with epsom salt purgative in the evening, take 
	capsules in morning, have a light lunch, and another purgative in 
	evening. WARNING: Consume no oils, fats or alcohol the day the capsules 
	are taken, and the light lunch should conLtain NO fatty foods. 
	 USE WITH CARE.
ASPIDOSPERMA  (Quebracho Bark)
	BARK.  Tincture [1:5, 50% alcohol] 15-30 drops, to 3X a day.
ASTRAGALUS MEMBRANACEUS  (Huang-Chi)
	SLICED ROOT.  Cold Infusion, 2-3 ounces to 3X a day. Fluidextract [1:1,
	55% alcohol] 10-15 drops to 3X a day.  Tincture [1:5, 60% alcohol] 
	30-60 drops, 4X a day.
AVENA  (A. sativa,  A. fatua, Oats, Wild Oats.)
	UNRIPE FRESH SEED, w/"Milky" center.  Fresh Tincture [1:2], 10-20 drops, 
	to 4X a day.  STRAW (dry stems). Standard Infusion, 4-8 ounces.
BALSAM OF PERU (Myroxylum  pereirae, Peruvian Balsam)
	RESIN (Dark Brown, syrupy).EXTERNAL: Mix one part balsam with two parts
	of lanolin or lard.  INTERNAL: 5-10 drops in capsule, taken with a 
	little food.
BALSAM OF TOLU. (Myroxylum toluiferum)
	RESIN. (Light Brown, syrupy, aromatic).TINCTURE:  One part resin in
	five of ethanol; take in 15-30 drop doses or add to boiling water for 
	steam inhalation.
BALSAMORHIZA  (Balsam Root)
	ROOT.  Tincture [Fresh Root, 1:2, Dry Root, 1:5, 65% alcohol], 20-50 
	drops in 
	hot.water, to 4X a day. LEAVES. Powdered, with water as poultice.
BAPTISIA  (Wild Indigo Root)
	ROOT. Tincture [1:5, 65% alcohol], WHOLE PLANT. Fresh Tincture [1:2], 
	both taken 10-25 drops, to 3X a day.
	USE WITH CARE; better long term in formulas
BAROSMA (Agothasma, Buchu)
	LEAVES.  Cold Infusion (rewarmed) 1-3 ounces.  Tincture  [1:5, 80% 
	alcohol], 30-60 drops in water. Both forms to 4X a day.
BERBERIS VULGARIS  (Common Barberry)
	ROOT.  Tincture [1:5, 50% alcohol] 10-60 drops.   Cold Infusion, 1-3  
	ounces.  Capsules, #00, 1-3.  All to 3X a day.  See MAHONIA (Oregon 
	Grape) as well.
BETULA   (Birch)
	BARK. Strong Decoction, 1-2 ounces, to 4X a day.  External wash.
	LEAVES. Standard Infusion as bath or wash, as needed.
BIDENS  (Tickseed, Spanish Needles, Te de Coral)
	HERB. Cold or Standard Infusion, 2-4 ounces.Tincture [Fresh,1:2, Dry, 
	1:5, 50% alcohol] 45-90 drops.
BRICKELLIA  (Prodigiosa, Hamula)
	HERB  Standard Infusion, 2-4 ounces, to 2X a day.  Tincture [1:5, 50% 
	alcohol], 30-60 drops to 3X a day.  Use the infusion for Type II 
	diabetes, tincture as tonic.
*BRYONIA  (Bryony)
	ROOT.  Tincture [Fresh Root, 1:2, recent Dry Root, 1:5, 50% alcohol], 
	2-10 drops to 3X a day.  USE WITH CARE; better in small, frequent doses.
BURSERA MICROPHYLLA  (Elephant Tree, Torote)
	GUM. Tincture [1:5, 80% alcohol], 5-20 drops, and diluted for mouth 
	wash.  TWIGS/LEAVES.  Fresh plant tincture [1:2], 10-30 drops.
*CACALIA DECOMPOSITA (Odontotrichum decompositum,  Maturin, Maturique)
	ROOT.   Tincture  [Fresh Root 1:2, Dry Root, 1:5, 70% alcohol), 15-30 
	drops.  Usually for acute hyperglycemic episodes; I wouldn't advise 
	extended use.
CAFFEA ARABICA  (Coffee)
	ROASTED BEANS.  Black, freshly brewed or cold infusion, 4-12 ounces.
CALENDULA OFFICINALIS   (European Marigold)
	FLOWERS.  Tincture [Fresh Flowers, E1:2, Dry Flowers, 1:5, 70% alcohol] 
	5-30 drops, to 4X a day.  Dilute with several parts of water for topical
	use.
CAMPSIS RADICANS  (Trumpet Creeper)
	HERB. Cold or Standard Infusion as needed externally, 1-3 ounces 
	internally.
CANNABIS SATIVA  (Marijuana, Hemp)
	FLOWERING TOPS.Tincture [Fresh Herb, 1:2, Dry Herb, 1:5, 95% alcohol] 
	5-30 drops. Smokers need higher dose. ILLEGAL TO POSSESS AT PRESENT.
*CAPSELLA BURSA-PASTORIS  (Shepherd's Purse)
	WHOLE PLANT. Tincture (Fresh Plant, 1:2, recent Dry Plant, 1:5, 50% 
	alcohol] 20-60 drops.
CAPSICUM  (Cayenne, African Bird Peppers)
	FRUIT.  Tincture [1:5, 95% alcohol] 5-15 drops.  Capsules, #0, 1-2
CARDAMOMUM  (Cardamom Seeds)
	SEEDS. Tincture [1:5, 50% alcohol] 5-10 drops...or chew a couple seeds, 
	already.
CARTHAMUS TINCTORIA  (Safflower, American, Mexican or Bastard "Saffron")
	FLOWERS.  Standard Infusion 4-8 ounces.
CARUM  (Caraway Seed)
	SEED.  Spirit of Caraway (1 part essential oil, 10 parts ethanol) 10-20 
	drops in water, or some chewed seeds or simple tea for indigestion.
CARYOPHYLLUS  (Cloves)
	UNRIPE BUDS. Essential Oil: 1:4 drops in capsule, taken with food.  A 
	piece of oil-moistened cotton on or in a tooth, avoiding gums if 
	possible.
*CASSIA MARILANDICA  (American Senna)
	LEAVES. Standard Infusion, 3/4 Senna,1/4 Coriander Seed (antispasmodic),
	4-8 ounces.  Take in evening for morning effect.
CASTANEA  (Chestnut)
	LEAVES.  Standard Infusion, 1-4 ounces.
CASTELA EMORYI (Holacantha emoryi, Chaparro Amargosa)
	"HERB".  Tincture [Fresh Plant, 1:2, Dry Plant, 1:5, 50% alcohol] 20-50 
	drops (as anti-microbial), 5-10 drops (as bitter tonic).
*CAULOPHYLLUM  (Blue Cohosh)
	RHIZOME/ROOT. Tincture [1:5, 60% alcohol] 5-20 drops, usually in formula
	context.
CEANOTHUS  (Red Root, New Jersey Tea)
	ROOT.Cold Infusion, 2-4 ounces.  Tincture [Fresh Root, 1:2, Dry Root, 
	1:5, 50% alcohol] 30-90 drops, to 4X a day.
CENTAURIUM  (Erythraea,  Centaury)
	WHOLE PLANT.Fresh Plant Tincture [1:2] 10-20 drops before meals.Cold In-
	fusion 1-2 ounces, also before meals.
CENTELLA ASIATICA  (Hydrocotyle asiatica, Gotu Kola, Brahmi)
	HERB.  Fresh Plant Tincture [1:2], 15-30 drops to 3X a day.  Standard 
	Infusion, 1-2 ounces. Dry Herb Tincture [1:5, 50% alcohol] 20-40 drops, 
	to 4X a day.
CEPHALANTHUS  (Button Bush)
	BARK and TWIGS.  Tincture [Fresh Plant, 1:2, Dry Plant, 1:5, 50% 
	alcohol] 10-30 drops, to 3X a day.  Best for short term use.
CERCOCARPUS  (Mountain Mahogany, Ponil)
	TWIGS and STEMS.  Strong Decoction, 2-3 ounces to 3X a day.
CEREUS GRANDIFLORUS  (Selenicereus, Peniocereus,  Night-Blooming Cereus)
	FRESH STEMS.  Fresh Tincture [1:2], 5-15 drops (Selenicereus spp.);  
	10-25 drops, (Peniocereus greggii).    Either one to 4X a day.
CHAMAELIRIUM (Helonias,  Unicorn Root )
	RHIZOME and ROOT.  Tincture [1:5, 50% alcohol] 10-40 drops.  Best in 
	lower doses in a formula context.
CHELIDONIUM  (Greater Celandine)
	WHOLE PLANT.  Fresh Plant Tincture,   [1:2] 10-25 drops.  Alone, for 
	short term use; safe for extended use as a low dose formula constituent.
CHELONE  (Balmony, Turtlehead)
	HERB. Tincture [fresh plant, 1:2], 10-20 drops to 3X a day.  Cold 
	Infusion, 1-3 ounces, to 3X a day.  Dry Plant Tincture [ 1:5, 50% 
	alcohol], 30-60 drops, to 4X a day.
*CHENOPODIUM  (Epazote, Wormseed)
	SEEDS. As Vermifuge: take laxative in evening, fa8st twelve hours the 
	following day, take 2 grams of seeds [3 or 4 #00 capsules] with a 
	soothing tea, such as Althea or Ulmus, wait 2 hours, follow with a full 
	dose of Castor Oil.
	HERB: As Emmenagogue: Standard Infusion, 2-3 ounces.  USE BOTH SEEDS
	and HERB WITH CARE.  The herb, used to spice beans, is perfectly safe.
CHILOPSIS LINEARIS  (Desert Willow, Mimbre)
	BARK and TWIGS. Strong Decoction or Cold Infusion, 3-6 ounces to 3X a day,
	WHOLE PLANT. The powder for topical application.
CHIMAPHILA  (Pipsissewa, Prince's Pine)
	HERB.  Tincture [Fresh Plant, 1:2, Dry plant, 1:5, 50% alcohol), 20-50 
	drops, to 4X a day.  Standard Infusion 4-8 ounces.
CHIONANTHUS  (Fringetree)
	BARK. Cold Infusion, 2-4 ounces.  Tincture [Fresh Bark, 1:2, Dry Bark, 
	1:5, 65% alcohol] 30-60 drops.  LEAF. Cold Infusion, 2-4 ounces.
CHOROGALUM  (Amole Lily)
	FRESH BULB.  Grate 2-4 tablespoons in cheesecloth, rub into a froth in 
	a cup, of water, and wash or shampoo.
CHLOROPHYLLIN  (Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin, Chlorophyl "JJ")
	1 scant teaspoon in a gallon of water, 2-6 ounces to 3X a day. WARNING:
	this will color feces a festive green.
CHRYSANTHEMUM PARTHENIUM (Tanacetum , Pyrethrum,  Feverfew)
	HERB.  Cold Infusion 2-4 ounces.  Tincture [Fresh plant, 1:2, Dry herb, 
	1:5, 50% alcohol] 30-60 drops, to 4X a day.
CICHORIUM  (Chicory)
	ROOT.  Strong Decoction, 3-6 ounces, up to 4X a day.
*CIMICIFUGA RACEMOSA  (Macrotys,  Black Cohosh)
	RHIZOME&ROOT.  Tincture  [Fresh Root,  1:2, Dry Root, 1:5, 80% alcohol],
	10-25 drops.  Capsules, #00, 1-2, both to 3X a day.
*CINCHONA   (Peruvian Bark, Quinine Bark)
	BARK.  Cold Infusion, 2-3 ounces, to 3X a day.  USE WITH CARE.
CINERARIA  (Senecio cineraria,  Dusty Miller) 
	Sterile Juice, as a pharmaceutical preparation, either from a 
	homeopathic supplier or as a prescription preparation from Walker 
	Pharmacals, St. Louis, MO.
CINNAMOMUM  (Cinnamon, Canela)
	BARK. Standard Infusion 2-4 ounces.  Tincture [1:5, 60% alcohol, 5% 
	glycerin] 20-50 drops, both to 4X a day.  ESSENTIAL OIL. 2-5 drops in 
	capsule.
CISTUS  (Helianthemum,  Rock Rose)
	FLOWERING HERB.  Tincture [1:5, 50% alcohol] diluted for topical use 
	with two to four parts of water.
CLEMATIS   (Virgin's Bower)
	RECENT HERB.  Standard Infusion, 2-6 ounces, to 2X a day. Tincture 
	[1:5, 50% alcohol] 10-40 drops, to 3X a day.
CNICUS BENEDICTUS  (Blessed or Holy Thistle)
	FLOWERING HERB. Cold Infusion, 4-6 ounces. Tincture [Fresh Herb, 1:2, 
	Dry Herb, 1:5, 60% alcohol] 20-40 drops in hot water, both to 3X a day.
COLA NITIDA  (Kola Nut)
	SEED.  Strong Decoction, 2-6 ounces, to 4X a day.
COLLINSONIA  (Stone Root, Horse Balm)
	ROOT and HERB.  Tincture [Fresh Plant, 1:2] 20-40 drops to 3X a day. 
	Tincture [Dry Root, 1:5, 60% alcohol] 45-60 drops to 4X a day 
	(inferior).
COMMIPHORA  (Myrrh Gum)
	RESIN.  Tincture [ 1:5, 95% alcohol] 5-20 drops.  Capsules, #0, 1-2, 
	both to 3X a day.  Topically, dilute tincture with water as needed.
CONDALIA  (Lotebush, Tecomblate)
	ROOT AND BARK.  Strong Decoction, 2-4 ounces to 4X a day, as needed 
	when used topically
*CONVALLARIA  (Lily of the Valley)
	ROOT.  Tincture [Fresh Root, 1:2, recent Dry Root, 1:5, 65% alcohol] 
	5-20 drops.  USE WITH CARE.
COPAIFERA  (Copaiba)
	ESSENTIAL OIL. 5-10 drops in capsule, taken with food. Topically, 
	dilute with three parts of ethanol before applying.
COPTIS  (Gold Thread)
	ROOT and HERB.  Tincture [Fresh plant, 1:2, Dry root, 1:5, 50% alcohol] 
	30-60 drops, to 3X a day.  Topically as needed, either diluted, or 
	Strong Decoction.
CORALLORHIZA  (Coral Root, Crawley)
	ROOT.  Tincture [Fresh Root, 1:2, Dry Root, 1:5, 60% alcohol] 30-90 
	drops in hot water.  Cold Infusion 3-6 ounces, reheated.
CORIANDRUM  (Coriander, Cilantro)
	SEED.  Tincture [1:5, 65% alcohol] 10-20 drops.  Seeds chewed as needed.
CORNUS  (Dogwood, Red Osier, Bunchberry)
	ROOT, STEM, BARK.  Cold or Standard Infusion, 3-6 ounces, to 3X a day.
*CORYDALIS AUREUS  (Golden Smoke)
	HERB. Tincture [1:5, 50% alcohol] 10-40 drops; small, frequent doses 
	are best.
*CORYNANTHE (Pausinystalia Johimbe,  Yohimbe)
	BARK.  Tincture [1:5, 65% alcohol] 5-30 drops.  USE WITH CARE.
CRATAEGUS  (Hawthorn)
	BERRIES, FLOWERING BRANCHES. Tincture [Fresh Plant, 1:2, Dry Berries,
	1:5, 60% alcohol] 10-30 drops, to 3X a day.  Cold Infusion (berries) 
	1-2 ounces, to 2X a day.
*CROCUS  (True Saffron)
	STIGMAS.  Tincture [1:5, 95% alcohol] 5-20 drops.
CUBEBA (Piper cubeba,  Cubeb Berries)
	UNRIPE FRUIT.  Tincture [1:5, 80% alcohol] 10-30 drops.  Capsules, #00, 
	1-3. To 3X a day, for up to a week.
CUPRESSUS (Cypress)
	GREEN FOLIAGE. EXTERNAL: Tincture [Fresh Herb, 1:2] straight, or diluted
	with two parts water.  INTERNAL: Standard Infusion [lightly roasted 
	twigs], 2-4 ounces.
CURCUMA  (Turmeric)
	ROOT. Tincture [1:5, 50% alcohol], 10-30 drops.  1 teaspoon of powder 
	suspended in water.  Colors mouth a disturbing yellow.
*CUSCUTA  (Dodder)
	HERB.  Standard Infusion, 2-4 ounces, for short duration use.
CYMOPTERUS FENDLERI  (Chimaja)
	HERB. Standard Infusion, 2-4 ounces.  SEEDS chewed as needed.
CYNARA  (Artichoke)
	HERB IN FLOWER. Standard Infusion, 2-4 ounces. Tincture [1:5, 50% 
	alcohol] 30-90 drops, either to 3X a day.
CYNOGLOSSUM OFFICINALIS  (Hound's Tongue)
	HERB (in summer) ROOT (in fall).  Standard Infusion,1-3 ounces, to 
	3X a day.  For short term use; may irritate liver if used excessively.
CYPRIPEDIUM  (Lady Slipper Orchid)
	ROOT.  Tincture [1:5, 60% alcohol] 20-90 drops, to 3X a day.  PLANT IS 
	RARE IN MOST AREAS (and things are not getting any better). Use other 
	medicines whenever possible, such as Epipactis or Valeriana.
*DATURA  (Jimson Weed, Stramonium, Thorn Apple)
	LEAVES.  Tincture [1:10, 60% alcohol] 3-10 drops to 3X a day. Leaf 
	w/Tussilago and smoked.  DANGEROUS IN MODERATE DOSES.
*DAUCUS CAROTA  (Carrot, Wild Carrot)
	SEED.  Standard Infusion, 2-6 ounces.  Tincture [1:5, 60% alcohol] 
	20-60 drops, both to 2X a day.
DELPHINIUM   (Larkspur, Delphinium, Stavesacre)
	RIPE SEEDS. Tincture  [1:2, 95% alcohol], diluted in two or three parts 
	of water for topical use.
DICENTRA CANADENSIS  (Turkey Corn)
	CORM.  Cold Infusion 1-4 ounces, to 3X a day.  Best used in formulas.
DICENTRA FORMOSA  (Bleeding Heart)
	ROOT.   Fresh Root Tincture [1:2], 10-20 drops or applied topically.   
	Dry Root Tincture, [1:5, 50% alcohol] 15-30 drops.   HERB. Tincture 
	[1:5, 50% alcohol, 25-50 drops, all to 3X a day.
DIOSCOREA VILLOSA  (Wild Yam)
	ROOT.  Tincture [Fresh ROOT, 1:2, Dry Root, 1:5, 60% alcohol) 30-100 
	drops, to 4X a day. Fluidextract [1:1, 55% alcohol] 10-25 drops.  
	Cold Infusion, 2-4 ounces to 4X a day.
DIPSACUS  (Teasel)
	HERB.  Standard Infusion, 2-4 ounces to 4X a day.
DRACONTIUM  (Symplocarpus,  Skunk Cabbage)
	RHIZOME AND ROOT. Tincture [Fresh Root 1:2, Dry Root, 1:5, 50% alcohol],
	20-60 drops.
DROSERA  (Sundew)
	HERB.  Tincture [Fresh Plant, 1:2], 5-15 drops to 4X a day.
ECHINACEA ANGUSTIFOLIA ,E.PALLIDA  (Kansas Snakeroot, Purple Coneflower)
	ROOT & FLOWERS. Tincture [Fresh Plant 1:2, Dry Plant, 1:5, 70% alcohol],
	30-100 drops as needed.  Cold Infusion 2-6 ounces, all to 5X a day.  
	Fluidextract [1:1, 65% alcohol] 10-30 drops.
ECHINACEA PURPUREA  (Missouri Snakeroot, Purple Coneflower)
	ROOT and FLOWERS. Fresh Plant Tincture [1:2] 30-100 drops.  Dry Plant 
	Tincture 1-2 teaspoons to 5X a day.
ELEUTHEROCOCCUS (Acanthopanax,  Siberian Ginseng)
	ROOT.  Tincture [1:5, 60% alcohol] 20-60 drops. Cold Infusion, 2-4 
	ounces, both to 3X a day.
ENCELIA FARINOSA (Incienso, Brittlebush
	LEAVES AND STEMS.  Strong Decoction, 2-3 ounces, to 3X a day.
EPHEDRA VIRIDIS  (Mormon Tea, American Ephedra, Canutillo)
	HERB.  Standard Infusion, as needed.
EPHEDRA VULGARIS  (Ma Huang, Chinese Ephedra)
	HERB.  Standard Infusion, 1-4 ounces, to 2X a day. Unlike the previous, 
	this type contains the alkaloid Ephedrine and should be used in 
	moderation.
EPIGEA  (Trailing Arbutus)
	LEAVES.  Standard Infusion, 2-4 ounces to 4X a day.
EPIPACTIS GIGANTEA  (Stream Orchid, "Helleborine")
	WHOLE PLANT.  Tincture [Fresh Plant, 1:2, Dry Root, 1:5, 60% alcohol] 
	30-90 drops. An equivalent to the far rarer Cypripedium.
EPILOBIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM  (Fireweed, Giant Willow-Herb)
	HERB IN FLOWER.  Standard Infusion as needed.
EQUISETUM  ARVENSE  (Horsetail)
	HERB. Standard Infusion, 2-4 ounces, topically as hair rinse.  Use only 
	herbs gathered upstream...inorganic fertilizer runoff alters the 
	chemistry.
EQUISETUM HYEMALE  (Scouring Rush)
	HERB.  Standard Infusion for external use.]
ERECHTITES  (Fireweed)
	ESSENTIAL OIL.  5-10 drops in capsule, to 3X a day.
EREMOCARPUS  (Turkey Mullein)
	HERB.  Standard Infusion, 1-3 ounces, or 8 ounces in bathwater.
ERIGERON CANADENSE (Conyza canadensis, Canadian Fleabane)
	RECENT FLOWERING HERB.  Standard Infusion 2-4 ounces, to 4X a day.
ERIODICTYON  (Yerba Santa)
	LEAVES (from current year's growth). Tincture [Fresh Herb, 1:2, Dry Herb,
1:5,
	75% alcohol] 20-30 drops, to 5X a day. Standard Infusion, 2-4 ounces 
	as needed.
ERIOGONUM  (Buckwheat Bush)
	FLOWERING TOPS.  Standard Infusion, 2-8 ounces.
ERODIUM  (Storksbill, Alfilerillo)
	HERB. Standard Infusion as needed.
ERYNGIUM YUCCAFOLIUM (Eryngo, Rattlesnake Master, Button Snakeroot)
	WHOLE PLANT.  Fresh Plant Tincture, 1:2, 15-30 drops in warm water.
 	ROOT. Weak Decoction, 4-8 ounces.  Dry Root Tincture, [1:5, 60% 
	alcohol], 20-40 drops, in cup of water.  All forms to 4X a day.
ESCHSCHOLTZIA CALIFORNICA  (California Poppy)
	FLOWERING PLANT.  Fresh Plant Tincture, [1:2] 15-25 drops, to 3X a day. 
	Dry herb, Standard Infusion, 2-4 ounces.
EUCALYPTUS  
	LEAVES.Standard Infusion, 2-4 ounces, to 4X a day.  ESSENTIAL OIL,1-5 
	drops in capsule.
*EUONYMUS (Wahoo, Burning Bush)
	BARK. Tincture [1:5, 60% alcohol] 10-30 drops. Cold Infusion, 1-2 
	ounces, both to 2X a day. Avoid prolonged use; Euonymus can irritate 
	the biliary functions.
EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM  (Boneset)
	FLOWERING HERB. Fresh Plant Tincture [1:2], 20-40 drops in hot water. 
	Dry herb, Cold Infusion (tonic), Standard Infusion (diaphoretic), 2-6 
	ounces, to 3X a day.
EUPATORIUM PURPUREUM  (Gravel Root, Queen of the Meadow)
	ROOT.  Strong Decoction, 2-4 ounces, to 4X a day. Tincture [Fresh Root,
	1:2, Dry Root, 1:5, 60% alcohol] 30-90 drops in cup of warm water.
EUPHRASIA  (Eyebright)
	HERB. Strong Decoction, 2-4 ounces.  Tincture [1:5, 50% alcohol] 30-90 
	drops, both to 4X a day.
FOENICULUM  (Fennel Seed)
	SEED.  Tincture [1:5, 60% alcohol] 30-60 drops in warm water as needed.
	Standard Infusion as needed.
*FOUQUIERIA SPLENDENS (Ocotillo)
	FRESH BARK.  Tincture, [1:2] 10-30 drops, to 4X a day.
FRAGARIA  (Strawberry)
	HERB.  Standard Infusion as needed.
*FRANGULA  (Rhamnus frangula, Buckthorn)
	Capsules, #00, 1-3, taken with warm water at night.
FREMONTIA CALIFORNICA (Fremontodendron,  California Slippery Elm)
	BARK AND LEAVES. Cold or Standard Infusion as needed.
FRAXINUS  (Ash)
	BARK.  Cold or Standard infusion 2-4 ounces to 3X a day.
FUCUS  (Bladderwrack, seawrack)
	WHOLE PLANT.Cold Infusion, 2-4 ounces. Capsules, #00, 1-2, both to 2X a
	day.
*GALEGA  (Goat's Rue)
	DRIED HERB.  Standard Infusion, 2-4 ounces.
GALIUM APARINE  (Cleavers, Bedstraw)
	WHOLE PLANT.  Cold or Standard Infusion, as needed. Fresh Plant Tincture
	[1:2] 1-2 teaspoons.  Fresh plant juice, 1/2 to 1 teaspoon, all to 4X a
	day.
GARRYA (Silk Tassel, Cuauchichic, Quinine Bush)
	LEAF.  Tincture [Fresh leaf, 1:2, Dry Leaf, 1:5, 50% alcohol] 45-60 
	drops to 5X a day.  ROOT BARK [Tincture, 1:5, 50% alcohol] 10-20 drops to 5X
a day, 
	Leaf, Cold Infusion, 2-3 ounces, to 4X a day.  Use moderately.
GAULTHERIA  (Wintergreen)
	ESSENTIAL OIL, INTERNALLY: 2-5 drops in capsule. EXTERNALLY, diluted
	with four parts vegetable oil for liniment.  RECENT HERB. Standard 
	Infusionin frequent 2-4 ounce doses.

*GELSEMIUM  (Yellow Jasmine)
	ROOT.  Tincture [Fresh Root 1:2, Dry Root, 1:10, 65% alcohol] 2-10 
	drops.
	DANGEROUS IN LARGER DOSES
GENTIANA  (Gentian)
	ROOT.  Tincture [Fresh Root 1:2, Dry Root, 1:5, 50% alcohol] 5-20 drops
	 before each meal.
GERANIUM  (Cranesbill, Alum Root)
	ROOT.  Tincture [1:5, 50% alcohol, 10% glycerin] in 1/2 to 1 teaspoon 
	doses.  Strong Decoction, 1-4 ounces, both to 4X a day.
GEUM  (Avens)
	WHOLE PLANT IN FLOWER. Standard Infusion, as needed.
GINKGO BILOBA  (Maidenhair Tree)
	LEAVES.Standard Infusion, 2-4 ounces. Tincture [1:5, 60% alcohol] 30-60 
	drops to 3X a day.
*GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA  (Licorice)
	ROOT.   Tincture [1:5, 50% alcohol] 3-60 drops.  Strong Decoction, 1-3 
	ounces, either to 3X a day.  Can occasion sodium retention.
*GLYCYRRHIZA LEPIDOTA  (American Licorice)
	ROOT.  Strong Decoction, 1-3 ounces, to 3X a day.  Topically, the 
	decoction as an antimicrobial.
GNAPHALIUM  (Cudweed, Everlasting)
	FLOWERING HERB.  Standard Infusion, 3-6 ounces to 3X a day.  
	Topically, as needed.
*GOSSYPIUM  (Cotton)
	ROOT BARK.Fresh Bark Tincture, [1:2],30-60 drops,to 3X a day.Recent Dry
	Bark Tincture, [1:5, 50% alcohol] 1-2 teaspoons, to 4X a day.
GRANATUM  (Punica granatum, Pomegranate)
	ROOT BARK. Cold Infusion, 1-3 ounces, to 3X a day.  For tapeworms,
	alkaloid or prescription treatment is the only rational approach. 
	The  bark will shrink membranes and inhibits tapeworms, but does NOT 
	kill them.
GRINDELIA  (Gumweed, Yerba del Buey)
	FLOWERING TOPS.  Tincture (Fresh Herb, 1:2, Dry Herb, 1:5, 70% alcohol],
	 15-40 drops to 5X a day.
GUAIACUM ANGUSTIFOLIA (Porlieri, Guayacan)
	BARK AND WOOD. Fresh Tincture [1:2] 10-25 drops in water, frequently. As
	a gargle, one part tincture in four parts hot water.
GUAIACUM OFFICINALE (Lignum Vitae, Guaiac Wood)
	BARK/WOOD. Tincture [1:5, 95% alcohol] 5-15 drops in water, frequently.
	As a gargle, the same as above.
GUTIERREZIA  (Escoba de la Vibora)
	FLOWERING HERB.  Standard Infusion, 8-12 ounces in bathwater.
HAEMATOXYLON  (Logwood, Brazil)
	HEARTWOOD.  Cold Infusion, 2-6 ounces.
HAMAMELIS  (Witch Hazel)
	TWIGS AND LEAVES. Tincture [Fresh Herb, 1:2] 10-60 drops as needed, and
	diluted for topical use. BARK.  As Standard Decoction topically.
HARPAGOPHYTUM PROCUMBENS  (Devil's Claw)
	TUBERS. Capsules, #0, 2-4 in evenings.  Cold Infusion 4-6 ounces 
	similarly.  Strong Tincture [1:2, 60% alcohol], 1/2 to 1  teaspoons.  
	Some recommend that two weeks on and two weeks off is the best approach
	 to Devil's Claw.  I have found a month of continuous use is the best 
	way to begin.
*HEDEOMA  (American Pennyroyal, Poleo Chino)
	HERB.Tincture [Fresh Plant,1:2, Dry Plant (recent) 1:5,50% alcohol] 
	20-60 drops drops in hot water.  Standard Infusion, 2-4 ounces, to 5X a 
	day.  ESSENTIAL OIL. diluted with vegetable oil or grain alcohol as an 
	insect repellent.
HELENIUM HOOPESII  (Dugaldia,  Yerba del Lobo, Orange Sneezeweed)
	WHOLE PLANT.  Tincture [Fresh plant, 1:2, Dry Plant, 1:5, 60% alcohol] 
	as a counterirritant liniment.
HELIANTHEMUM  (Cistus,  Rock Rose, Frostwort)
	FLOWERING TOPS. Tincture [Fresh Plant 1:2, Dry Plant, 1:5, 60% alcohol],
	30- 90 drops.  Cold Infusion as gargle, douche, topical poultice.
HELIOPSIS LONGIPES  (Raiz del Oro, Chilcuan)
	ROOT.  Root chewed for gingivitis and periodontal disease.  Chronic
	overuse can cause intestinal irritation.
HEPATICA  (Anemone hepatica, Liverwort)
	HERB.  Standard Infusion, as needed.
HERACLEUM  (Cow Parsnip, Yerba del Oso)
	ROOT. Fresh Root Tincture [1:2] applied topically as nerve irritant/ 
	stimulant.
	SEED.  Fresh Seed Tincture [1:2] applied topically to teeth/gums as 
	anesthetic and antimicrobial
HETEROTHECA (Camphor Weed, Mexican Arnica)
	FLOWERING HERB.  Tincture [Fresh Herb 1:2, Dry Herb, 1:5, 60% alcohol) 
	as liniment, topically as antifungal.  Standard Infusion as topical 
	application, or 2-4 ounces to 3X a day.
HEUCHERA  (American Alum Root)
	ROOT & LEAF.Tincture [Fresh Whole Plant, 1:2, Dry Root, 1:5, 50% alc.,
	10% glycerin] 30-90 drops.  Cold Infusion (root, leaves, or both) 1-3 
	ounces to 4X a day, or 4 ounces in 8 ounces warm water for douche or 
	enema.
HUMULUS  (Hops)
	STROBILE.  Tincture [Fresh strobiles, 1:2, Dry strobiles 1:5, 65% 
	alcohol] 30-90 drops.  Cold Infusion 2-4 ounces, Standard Infusion 3-6 
	ounces, to 3X a day.
	HERB.  Cold or Standard Infusion for topical use, powder for poultice.
HYDRANGEA  (Seven Barks)
	ROOT. Cold Infusion or Strong Decoction, 3-6 ounces, frequently.
	Tincture, [Fresh Root, 1:2, Dry Root, 1:5, 50% alcohol] 1/2 to 1 
	teaspoon in water, up to 4X a day.
*HYDRASTIS  (Golden Seal)
	ROOT and LEAF.  Fresh Plant Tincture [1:2], 15-30 drops.  Dry Root 
	Tincture, [1:5, 70% alcohol] 20-50 drops.  Dry Herb Tincture [1:5, 60% 
	alcohol] 30-75 drops all the above to 4X a day.  Dry Root capsules #00, 
	2-4, to 3X a day.  Standard Infusion of leaf 1-3 ounces, to 4X a day.
	The root is only partially soluble in water and should not be wasted 
	in tea; this old friend is disappearing in the wild.
*HYOCYAMUS NIGER  (Henbane)
	FLOWERING TOP.  Tincture {Fresh Herb, 1:2, Dry Herb, 1:5, 50% alcohol] 3-10
	drops to 3X a day.  USE WITH CARE. Standard Infusion topically for pain.
HYPERICUM  (St. Johns Wort) 
	FLOWERING TOPS. Tincture [Fresh Plant, 1:2] 20-30 drops to 3X a day. The
	dry plant is far less active, but a Standard Infusion can be taken, 3-6 
	ounces.
HYPTIS  (Desert Lavender)
	FLOWERING HERB.  Standard Infusion, 2-6 ounces as needed.
HYSSOPUS  (Hyssop)
	FLOWERING HERB.  Cold Infusion, 2-3 ounces, or topically for bruises. 
ILLICIUM  (Star Anise)
	SEEDS.  Same as Cardamom.  For a tea, Standard Infusion, 2-4 ounces, 
	ad lib.
IMPATIENS  (Jewel Weed, Touch-Me-Not)
	FRESH PLANT.  Fresh juice for topical use, Fresh Plant Tincture [1:2], 
	both as needed.
INULA  (Elecampane)
	ROOT.  Tincture [Fresh root, 1:2, Dry Root, 1:5, 60% alcohol], 10-30 
	drops to 4X a day.  Strong Decoction 2-6 ounces, to 3X a day.
*IRIS VERSICOLOR, I. MISSOURIENSIS  (Blue Flag)
	RHIZOME.  Tincture [1:5, 80% alcohol], 5-20 drops to 3X a day.  
	USE WITH CARE.
JATEORHIZA PALMATA  (Columbo, Calumba)
	ROOT.  Tincture [1:5, 65% alcohol], 20-30 drops before meals.  Cold 
	Infusion, 1-2 ounces.
JATROPHA CINERIA  (J. cardiaca,  Sangre de Drago, Limberbush)
	ROOT. Strong Decoction or Cold Infusion, 2-4 ounces, topically applied, 
	or as a mouthwash.
JEFFERSONIA  (Twin Leaf, Rheumatism Root)
	RHIZOME.  Cold Infusion, 2-6 ounces, to 3X a day.
JUGLANS CINERIA  (Butternut Bark)
	BARK.  Weak Decoction, 2-4 ounces, to 3X a day.
JUGLANS MAJOR  (Black Walnut)
	LEAVES.  Tincture [Fresh Plant, 1:2, Dry Plant, 1:5, 50% alcohol], 
	30-90 drops to 3X a day.  Standard Infusion 2-4 ounces.
JUNIPERUS  (Juniper)
	BERRIES.  Tincture [1:5, 75% alcohol], 20-40 drops.  Standard Infusion,
	2-3 oz., to 3X a day.  LEAVES: Standard Infusion, 2-4 ounces, or boiled 
	for inhalation. For short term use; may irritate the kidneys eventually.
*KALMIA  (Mountain Laurel)
	LEAVES.  Fresh Plant Tincture [1:2], 3-10 drops.  Dry Plant Tincture 
	[1:5, 50% alcohol] 5-20 drops, both to 4X a day.  USE WITH CARE.
KINO  (Pterocarpus, Gum Kino)
	GUM. Tincture [1:5, 65% alcohol, 15% glycerin],30 50 drops in water as 
	needed.
KRAMERIA  (Rhatany)
	WHOLE PLANT.  Tincture [Fresh Plant, 1:2, Dry Root, 1:5, 50% alcohol, 
	10% glycerin], 20-50 drops.  Strong Decoction, 1-3 ounces, or used 
	topically.
LACTUCA  (Wild Lettuce)
	HERB.   Standard Inf usion as needed.  LATEX (Lactucarium), Tincture 
	[1:2, 95% alcohol], 1/2 to 1 teaspoon.
LARREA  (Chaparral, Gobernadora, Creosote Bush)
	LEAFING BRANCHES. Tincture [1:5, 75% alcohol], 20-60 drops.  Capsules, 
	#00, 2-4 a day.  Strong Decoction for topical use.
LAVANDULA  (Lavender)
	FLOWERS.  Standard Infusion, 2-3 ounces to 4X a day. ESSENTIAL OIL. 5-10
	drops in capsule, with food.
LEDUM   (Labrador Tea)
	LEAVES. Standard Infusion for tea. Fresh Leaf Tincture [1:2] is diluted 
	for topical use.
*LEONURUS CARDIACA  (Motherwort)
	FLOWERING HERB.  Tincture [Fresh Plant 1:2, Recent Dry Plant, 1:5, 60% 
	alc.] 30-60 drops, to 4X a day.  Standard Infusion, 2-4 ounces.
LEPTANDRA  (Veronicastrum, Culver's Root)
	ROOT. Tincture [1:5, 65% alcohol], 10-30 drops,to 3X a day. An herb 
	better used in formulas than by itself.  USE WITH CARE.
LEUCANTHEMUM (Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, Oxe-Eye Daisy)
	FLOWERING HERB.  Standard Infusion, 4-8 ounces to 4X a day.
LEUCOPHYLLUM  (Cenizo, Purple Sage, Texas Ranger)
	FLOWERING HERB.  Standard Infusion, 2-6 ounces 
LIATRIS  (Button Snakeroot, Cachana, Gayfeather)
	ROOT.  Strong Decoction, 2-4 ounces frequently.
LIGUSTICUM PORTERI  (Osha, Chuchupate, Mountain Lovage)
	ROOT. Tincture [Fresh Root, 1:2, Dry Root, 1:5, 70% alcohol], 20-60 
	drops up to 5X a day.  Cold Infusion, 2-6 ounces, as needed.
LIGUSTRUM  (Privet)
	BARK AND LEAVES.  Strong Decoction, as needed.
*LILIUM TIGRINUM  (Tiger Lily)
	WHOLE BLOOMING PLANT. Tincture [Fresh plant, 1:2], 5-20 drops, up to 3X
	a day.  USE IN MODERATION.
LINARIA  (Toadflax, Butter-and-Eggs)
	FLOWERING HERB. Tincture [1:5, 60% alcohol], 20-40 drops. Standard Infu-
	sion, 2-4 ounces.  Capsules, #00, 1-2, all to 3X a day.  For short term 
	use in full doses, long term use in low dosage formula format.
LINUM  (Flaxseed)
	SEEDS. Whole seeds, 1-2 teaspoons in cup of warm water,  Ground seeds 
	for a poultice.  Only use whole seeds internally; grinding results in 
	changes to the oils, creating irritating lipids.
LIQUIDAMBER  (Sweet Gum Tree)
	BALSAM. Tincture [1:5, 95% alcohol], 10-30 drops as needed. Strong 
	Decoction of Bark is serviceable as well.
LOBELIA CARDINALIS  (Cardinal Flower)
	WHOLE PLANT.  Fresh Plant Tincture [1:2], 10-40 drops up to 5X a day.
LOBELIA INFLATA  (Lobelia, Indian Tobacco)
	FLOWERING PLANT. Fresh Plant Tincture [1:4] 5-20 drops up to 4X a day.
	Dry Plant Tincture (inferior) is best as an Acetum Tincture [Dry Herb 
	1:5 in vinegar] 10-20 drops, or used for local application.
	SEED. Tincture [1:5, 65% alcohol), 3-10 drops.
LOMATIUM DISSECTUM  (Leptotaenia,  Biscuit Root)
	ROOT. Tincture [Fresh Root, 1:2, Dry Root, 1:5, 70% alcohol], 10-30 
	drops up to 4X a day.  Cold Infusion, 2-3 ounces also to 4X a day.
*LOPHOPHORA  (Peyote, Mescal Buttons)
	FRESH PLANT.  Tincture [1:2], 20-40 drops to 4X a day.  ILLEGAL TO 
	POSSESS AT PRESENT.
LYCIUM PALLIDUM (Wolf Berry)
	HERB.  Fresh Plant Tincture, [1:2], 15-40 drops.  Standard Infusion, 
	2-3 ounces both up to 4X a day.  Best for short-term use.
LYCOPUS  (Bugleweed, Water Horehound)
	HERB.  Fresh Plant Tincture [1:2] 15-40 drops, to 3X a day. Standard 
	Infusion of recent plant, 2-3 ounces, also to 3X a day.
LYSICHITON AMERICANUM  (Western Skunk Cabbage)
	SAME as Dracontium.
MAHONIA (Oregon Grape, Algerita)
	SAME as Berberis.
MALVA NEGLECTA  (Mallow, Malvas, Cheeseplant)
	HERB.  Standard Infusion, 2-6 ounces, as needed.
MARRUBIUM  (Horehound)
	FLOWERING HERB. Cold Infusion, 2-4 ounces. Tincture [Fresh Plant, 1:2, 
	Dry Plant, 1:5, 50% alcohol], 30-90 drops, both to 4X a day.
MATRICARIA  (Chamomile, Manzanilla)
	FLOWERS. Standard or Cold Infusion, 2-6 ounces as needed.
MEDICAGO SATIVA  (Alfalfa)
	FLOWERING PLANT.  Standard Infusion as needed.
*MELILOTUS  (Sweet Clover)
	FLOWERING HERB.  Standard Infusion, 2-4 ounces; the tea for topical use.
	Not for extended consumption as a tea, due to its coumarin content.
MELISSA OFFICINALIS  (Lemon Balm)
	FLOWERING HERB.  Standard Infusion as needed.
MENISPERMUM  (Yellow Parilla, Moonseed)
	ROOT.  Tincture [1:5, 70% alcohol], 10-40 drops, or 5-10 drops as a 
	bitter tonic, taken just before meals.
*MENTHA ARVENSIS  (Brook Mint, Poleo)
	HERB IN FLOWER.  Standard Infusion as needed.  Although less than found
	in Hedeoma or Mentha pulegium, the pulegone content in this plant makes
	it inappropriate in pregnancy.
MENTHA PIPERITA  (Peppermint)
	HERB. Cold or Standard Infusion as needed. ESSENTIAL OIL. 10-20 drops in
	capsules (in a binder), to 3X a day.
*MENTHA PULEGIUM  (European Pennyroyal)
	BASAL LEAVES and FLOWERING STALKS.  Same as Hedeoma.
MENTHA SPICATA  (Spearmint, Yerba Buena)
	HERB. Standard Infusion, or any way you want, as needed.
	ESSENTIAL OIL.  10-20 drops in capsules (in a binder), to 3X a day.
MENYANTHES  (Buckbean, Bogbean)
	WHOLE PLANT.  Tincture [Fresh Plant, 1:2, Dry Plant, 1:5, 50% alcohol], 
	10-30 drops, to 3X a day.  Cold Infusion, 1-2 ounces, also to 3X a day.
MIRABILIS MULTIFLORUM  (Wild Four-O'Clock, Maravilla)
	ROOT.  Fresh Root Tincture [1:2], 30-60 drops.  Strong Decoction, 2-4 
	ounces, either form taken 1/2 hour before meals.
MITCHELLA REPENS  (Squaw Vine)
	HERB. Tincture [Fresh Plant, 1:2, Dry Plant, 1:5, 50% alcohol],1/2 to 1 
	teaspoon to 3X a day.  Standard Infusion, 2-8 ounces to 4X a day.
MONARDA  (Bee Balm, Oswego Tea, Wild Bergamot, Wild Oregano)
	FLOWERING HERB. Standard Infusion, 1-4 ounces, to 3X a day or as gargle.
MYRICA  (Bayberry)
	BARK and ROOTBARK.  Tincture [Fresh Bark, 1:2, Dry Bark, 1:5, 60% alc.]
	20-60 drops.  Cold Infusion, 2-4 ounces, both to 3X a day.  The diluted 
	tincture or the infusion for topical use or as a gargle.
MYRISTICA  (Nutmeg, Mace)
	SEED.  Tincture [1:5, 75% alcohol] 5-10 drops.
NEPETA CATARIA  (Catnip)
	FLOWERING HERB. Tincture [Fresh Herb 1:2, Recent Dry Herb 1:5, 50% 
	alc.], 1/4 to 1 teaspoon  Standard Infusion, 2-6 ounces, all to 4X a 
	day.
NICOTIANA  (*Tobacco)
	HERB.  Standard Infusion topically.
*NUPHAR  (Yellow Pond Lily)
	ROOT/RHIZOME.   Fresh Root Tincture, [1:2], 10-20 drops.  Weak Decoction
	2-4 ounces, both to 3X a day.
OENOTHERA  (Evening Primrose)
	FLOWERING HERB.  Standard Infusion, 2-4 ounces. The seeds contain high
	levels of GLA and tryptophan.
*OPLOPANAX HORRIDUM   (Echinopanax,  Devil's Club)
	ROOT and ROOTBARK. Tincture [Fresh Root 1:2, Dry Rootbark, 1:5, 60% 
	alc.] 10-40 drops.  Cold Infusion, 1-3 ounces, all forms to 3X a day.
OPUNTIA  (Prickly Pear)
	FRESH JUICE, 2-4 ounces to 2X a day.  DRIED FLOWERS, two or three as an
	infusion (strain VERY well).
OROBANCHE and CONOPHOLIS  (Broomrape)
	WHOLE PLANT.  Standard Infusion 2-4 ounces; applied topically as needed.
OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS  (Sweet Root, Western Sweet Cicely)
	ROOT.  Tincture [Fresh Root, 1:2, Dry Root, 1:5, 65% alcohol] 45-60 
	drops to 3X a day.  Strong Decoction, 2-3 ounces to 3X a day.
OXYDENDRON  (Sourwood)
	LEAVES.  Strong Decoction, 2-4 ounces to 4X a day.
*PAEONIA  (Peony)
	ROOT.  Tincture [Fresh Root 1:2, Dry Root, 1:5, 60% alcohol] 10-25 
	drops up to 4X a day.  Cold Infusion, 1-2 ounces.  Capsules, #00, 2-3 
	at a time.
*PANAX GINSENG (Asian Ginseng)
	ROOT.  Tincture [1:5, 70% alcohol]. KIRIN (dark red Chinese cured root) 
	5-20 drops.  SHIU-CHIU (light red Chinese cured) 10-30 drops. KOREAN 
	RED, 5-15 drops.  WHITE (Chinese or Korean uncured) 20-40 drops, all 
	to 3X a day. Capsules, "Red Ginseng" (Kirin or Korean Red) to 4 a day. 
	"White", to 6 a day. Chewing root pieces is more reliable than loosely 
	identified roots found in capsules.  With the cost of Ginseng, tinctures
	are the most bioavailable form.
*PANAX QUINQUEFOLIUM  (American Ginseng)
	ROOT. Tincture [1:5, 70% alcohol]. WILD ROOTS (morally objectionable), 
	5-10 drops.  WOODSGROWN ROOTS. 10-20 drops.  CULTIVATED ROOTS. 20-40
	drops. CULTIVATED RED ROOTS (Michigan and Wisconsin cured roots), 15-
	30 drops. Any other "American Red Ginseng" is a blatant fake. LEAVES. 
	30-60 drops, Cold Infusion, 2-4 ounces.  All above forms to 3X a day.
PASSIFLORA  (Passion Flower)
	WHOLE HERB.Tincture [Fresh Plant 1:2, Dry Herb, 1:5, 50% alcohol] 1/2 to
	1 1/2 teapoon.  Fluidextract [1:1, 45% alcohol], 30-60 drops.  Standard 
	Infusion of recent herb, 2-6 ounces, all forms to 4X a day.
*PEGANUM HARMALA  (Syrian Rue)
	SEEDS and ROOT.  Tincture [1:5, 60% alcohol] 10-30 drops, to 3X a day.  
	LEAVES.  Standard Infusion for topical use.
PAULLINIA  (Guarana)
	SEED.  Capsule, #00,  2-4.   Fluidextract [1:1, 50% alcohol, 10% 
	glycerin], 20-60 drops. Tincture [1:5, 65% alcohol], 1/4 to 1 teaspoon.
PEDICULARIS  (Betony, Lousewort, Elephant Head, Parrot's Beak, Indian
Warrior)
	HERB in FLOWER.Standard Infusion, 4-8 ounces. Tincture[Fresh Plant, 1:2,
	Dry Plant, 1:5, 50% alcohol] 1-2 teaspoons, all to 3X a day.
PETASITES  (Western Coltsfoot)
	HERB. Standard Infusion, 2-4 ounces, to 4X a day.  Fresh Tincture [1:2],
	30-60 drops.  ROOT. Strong Decoction, 2-3 ounces to 3X a day.
*PETROSELINUM  (Parsley)
	ROOT. Tincture [1:5,60% alcohol, 30-60 drops in warm water, to 3X a day.
*PHYTOLACCA (Poke)
	ROOT and BERRIES. Fresh Tincture, (Root or Berries), [1:2], 2-10 drops. 
	 Dry Root Tincture [1:5, 50% alcohol] 5-15 drops.  USE WITH CARE.
PICRAENA (Picrasma, Quassia)
	WOOD.  Cold Infusion, 2-4 ounces. Tincture [1:5, 50% alcohol] 30-60 
	drops,  to 3X a day.  Cold Infusion, 4-8 ounces, as a retained enema, 
	once a week for 4-6 weeks for pinworms/threadworms.
*PILOCARPUS  (Jaborandi)
	LEAVES. Tincture [1:5, 60% alcohol] 15-30 drops in warm water.  
	Standard Infusion, 2-3 ounces as a hair rinse.
PIMENTA  (Allspice)
	SEED.  The tea as a simple infusion.
PINUS  (Pine)
	NEEDLES.  Standard Infusion, 2-4 ounces, to 3X a day. PITCH. Pea-sized 
	piece chewed and swallowed as expectorant.
PIPER ANGUSTIFOLIA  (Matico)
	LEAVES.  Tincture [1:5, 50% alcohol], 1/2 to 1 teaspoon in cup of warm 
	water, to 4X a day.
PIPER METHYSTICUM  (Kava Kava, Ava)
	ROOT. Tincture [Fresh Root 1:2, Recent Dry Root 1:5, 60% alcohol] 30-90 
	drops to 4X a day.  Fluidextract [1:1, 55% alcohol] 10-30 drops.  
	Cold Infusion, 2-6 oz, all to 4X a day.
PIPER NIGRUM  (Black Pepper)
	PEPPERCORNS.  Tincture [1:5, 65% alcohol] 5-15 drops.
PISCIDIA  (Jamaica Dogwood, Jabin)
	TREE and ROOT BARK.  Tincture [1:5, 60% alcohol] 10-90 drops.  USE WITH
	CARE.  Response is highly individual, so start with a low dose.
PLANTAGO MAJOR  (Plantain)
	FRESH LEAF.  Fresh or frozen juice, 1-2 tablespoons to 4X a day.
PLANTAGO OVATA  (Psyllium Seed)
	SEED.Whole seeds,2-3 tablespoons in 12 ounces warm water or fruit juice.
	HUSKS. 1-2 tablespoons in same, both to 3X a day, usually only once.
PLUCHEA CAMPHORATA  (P. purpurascens, Marsh Fleabane, Camphorweed)
	FLOWERING TOPS.Standard Infusion 2-4 ounces.Brewed with isotonic water
	for use as eyewash.  Tincture [1:5, 60% alcohol] 30-90 drops.
*PODOPHYLLUM.  (American Mandrake)
	ROOT.  Tincture [1:5, 95% alcohol] 10-20 drops.  Use carefully, and 
	never with overt disease or in physical depression.
*POLYGALA  SENEGA (Senega Snakeroot, Milkwort)
	ROOT and HERB.  Tincture [Fresh Plant 1:2, Dry Root 1:5, 65% alcohol], 
	10-45 drops, to 4X a day.  Small frequent doses are best.
POLYGONATUM (Solomon's Seal)
	ROOT.  Strong Decoction 1-4 ounces to 3X a day.
POLYGONUM BISTORTA (Bistort Root)
	ROOT,  Strong Decoction 1-4 ounces.  Tincture [1:5, 50% alcohol, 10%
	glycerin] 30-90 drops, both to 3X a day. The decoction and the diluted 
	tincture as needed for topical use, mouthwash or gargle.
POLYGONUM HYDROPIPER  (Smartweed, Water Pepper)
	HERB. Standard Infusion 2-4 ounces as needed.
*POLYMNIA UVEDALIA  (Bearsfoot, Leafcup)
	STEM and ROOT.  Tincture [Fresh plant 1:2, Dry Root 1:5, 75% alcohol]  
	10-50 drops, to 3X a day.  Small, frequent doses are preferable.
POLYPODIUM GLYCYRRHIZA  (Licorice Fern)
	ROOT/RHIZOME.  Strong Decoction, 2-4 ounces, to 3X a day.
POPULUS CANDICANS and BALSAMIFERA  (Balsam Poplar, Balm of Gilead)
	EARLY SPRING LEAF BUDS. Tincture [Fresh, 1:2, Dry, 1:5, 75% alcohol] 
	15-30 drops.  Infused oil [1 part buds to 10 parts oil] for topical use.
POPULUS TREMULIODES  (Aspen)
	BARK.  Strong Decoction, 2-4 ounces, up to 4X a day when condition is 
	acute.
POTENTILLA  (Cinquefoil, Silverweed)
	HERB. Any infusion as needed.
PRINOS  (Ilex verticillatus, Black Alder)
	RECENT BARK and BERRIES.  Strong Decoction, 3-4 ounces to 3X a day. 
	Tincture [1:5, 65% alcohol] 10-30 drops.
PROPOLIS  (Hive scrapings, gathered from trees)
	Tincture [1:5, 95% alcohol] 5-15 drops in a little honey for internal 
	use, mixed with water or a little oil for external use.  THOSE WITH BEE 
	ALLERGIES MAY NOT BE ABLE TO USE PROPOLIS.
PRUNELLA  (Self Heal, Heal All)
	FRESH PLANT.  Poultice as needed.  Fresh Plant Tincture, [1:2], as 
	needed.
PRUNUS  (Wild Cherry, Choke Cherry)
	SUMMER or FALL BARK. Cold Infusion 2-6 ounces, to 3X a day. Tincture 
	[1:5, 60% alcohol, 10% glycerin] 30-90 drops, to 4X a day.
PTELEA  (Wafer Ash, Hop Tree)
	BARK, SEEDS and LEAVES. Tincture [1:5, 65% alcohol] 10-30 drops. Strong
	Decoction (Seeds and Bark), 1-3 ounces, both up to 3X a day.	
*PTYCHOPETALUM  (Liriosma, Muirapuama, Potency Wood, Raiz del Macho)
	BARK,RESINOUS BARK. Tincture [1:5, 70% alcohol] 30-60 drops. Cold Infu-
	sion, 3-4 ounces, preferably in morning.
PYROLA  (Shinleaf)
	Same as Chimaphila
QUERCUS  (Oak)
	Same as Geranium
RHAMNUS CALIFORNICA  (California Buckthorn, Coffeeberry)
	AGED BARK.Cold Infusion 2-6 ounces.Tincture [1:5, 50% alcohol],1-2 tea- 
	spoons.  Fluidextract, [1:1, 50% alcohol] 1/2 to 1 teaspoon.
RHAMNUS FRANGULA  (Buckthorn)
	See Frangula
RHAMNUS PURSHIANA (Cascara Sagrada)
	AGED BARK.  Same as Rhamnus californica
RHEUM  (Rhubarb, Chinese or Turkey Rhubarb)
	ROOT.  Tincture [1:5, 50% alcohol, 10% glycerin] 15-30 drops, to 4X a 
	day.  Too much too frequently can induce rebound constipation.
RHUS AROMATICA  (Sweet Sumach)
	BARK,ROOTBARK. Cold Infusion, 1-2 ounces. Tincture [1:5, 50% alcohol,10%
	glycerin] 20-40 drops, both to 4X a day.
RHUS GLABRA (Smooth Sumach)
	LEAVES, FRUIT. Same as previous.  Powdered leaves for topical use.
ROSA (Rose Buds, Rose Petals)
	FLOWERS. Standard Infusion, 2-4 ounces.  Make w/isotonic water for eyes.
ROSMARINUS  (Rosemary)
	LEAVES. Standard Infusion 2-4 ounces,to 14X a day or for a topical wash.
	ESSENTIAL OIL.  Capsule, 3-6 drops in a binder, with water.
RUBUS IDAEUS  (Raspberry)
	LEAVES.  Infusion as needed.
RUBUS VILLOSUS  (Blackberry)
	ROOT BARK.  Strong Decoction, 2-4 ounces, to 4X a day.
RUMEX CRISPUS  (Yellow Dock)
	ROOT. Tincture [Fresh Root, 1:2, Dry Root, 1:5, 50% alcohol], 30-75 
	drops, to 3X a day. Capsules, #00, 1-2 to 2X a day. Use with moderation
	in pregnancy.  In all cases it works best in sub-laxative doses.
RUMEX HYMENOSEPALUS  (Cainagre, Red Dock)
	ROOT. Strong Decoction or powder for external use, 1-2 ounces for mouth-
	wash.  LEAVES.  Fresh Tincture [1:2] for topical anti-inflammatory use.
*RUTA GRAVEOLENS  (Rue, Ruda)
	HERB.Tincture [1:5, 65% alcohol] 5-20 drops.A poultice with the powdered
	leaves for a counterirritant poultice.
SALIX  (Willow)
	BARK.  Strong Decoction, 2-4 ounces to 4X a day.
SALVIA  (Sage)
	FLOWERING HERB. Tincture [Fresh, 1:2, Dry, 1:5, 50% alcohol] 30-60 
	drops, in hot water (diaphoretic)or cold water (tonic).Cold Infusion 
	or Strong Decoction 2-4 ounces.
SAMBUCUS  (Elder)
	FLOWERS, LEAVES.  Flowers, Standard Infusion 2-4 ounces.  Leaves, Cold
	Infusion 1-2 ounces, both to 3X a day.
*SANGUINARIA  (Bloodroot)
	ROOT. Tincture [1:5, 60% alcohol] 10-15 drops. Dilute with 2X water for 
	tinea application.
SANTALUM (Santal, White Sandalwood)
	WOOD,OIL. Wood Tincture [1:5, 80% alcohol]25-50 drops.The oil in capsule
	5-10 drops, with food, to 2X a day.
SAPINDUS  SAPONARIA  (Soapberry)
	LEAVES and STEMS.  Standard Infusion, 2-4 ounces to 3X a day. 
	BERRIES.Crushed or pureed for soap.
SASSAFRAS
	BARK OF ROOT.  Strong Decoction, as needed.  LEAVES.  Standard Infusion,
	as needed.  ESSENTIAL OIL. Diluted with alcohol and applied to fresh 
	Poison Ivy contact.
SATUREJA DOUGLASII  (California Yerba Buena)
	LEAVES.  The tea as needed.
*SCOPARIUS  (Cytisus scoparius, Broom Tops)
	FLOWERING BRANCHES.Standard Infusion 1-2 ounces to 3X a day. Tincture
	[1:5, 50% alcohol] 20-40 drops to 4X a day.
SCROPHULARIA  (Figwort)
	HERB.  Standard Infusion, 2-4 ounces, to 3X a day.
SCUTELLARIA  (Skullcap)
	HERB.  Tincture  [Fresh Plant, 1:2, Recent Dry Plant, 1:5, 50% alcohol] 
	 20-60 drops.  Standard Infusion of recent herb, 2-6 ounces, all to 3X 
	a day.
*SENECIO AUREUS  (Life Root, Squaw Weed)
	 HERB. Standard Infusion,1-4 ounces.Tincture[1:5,50% alc.],30-90 drops.
*SENNA (Cassia angustifolia, Egyptian Senna, etc. )
	LEAVES. Strong Decoction,2-4 ounces. PODS. 10-20, steeped for an hour in
	a cup of water. Take both in evening.  See also Cassia marilandica.
SERENOA  (Saw Palmetto, Sabal)
	BERRIES. Tincture [Fresh Berry, 1:2, Dry Berries, 1:5, 80% alcohol] 30-
	90 drops. Standard Infusion, 2-4 ounces, all forms to 3X a day.
SILYBUM MARIANUM  (Milk Thistle)
	SEEDS.  Capsules, #00, 2 at a time, to 3X a day. Fluidextract [1:1, 60%
	alcohol], 20-40 drops to 5X a day.  Strong Tincture [1:3, 70% alcohol], 
	1/2 to 1 teaspoon, to 4X a day.
SIMMONDSIA  (Jojoba, Goatnut)
	LEAVES. Standard Infusion, 2-4 ounces as needed. OIL. Applied topically
	or mixed with Castor Oil.
SINAPIS  (Mustard)
	SEED. PLASTER: mix 1 part powdered seed and one part flour,  add enough
	water to form a spreadable paste, place between two layers of gauze and 
	apply to desired area until skin turns pink...NOT RED (by then it will 
	blister).  Remove plaster and wash skin.
SMILACINA RACEMOSA  (False Solomon's Seal)
	ROOT. Steep a teaspoon of ground root in cup of hot water. Mix with some
	hot water for a poultice.  The fresh root can be used as a poultice.
SMILAX  (Sarsaparilla)
	ROOT and RHIZOME.  Cold Infusion or Strong Decoction, 1-4 ounces, to 3X
	a day.  Tincture [Fresh Root, 1:2, Dry Root, 1:5, 60% alcohol] 30-90 
	drops to 3X a day.
SOLANUM CAROLINENSE (Horse Nettle, Bull Nettle)
	ROOT.  Tincture [1:5, 60% alcohol] 10-40 drops, for occasional use.
*SOLANUM  DULCAMARA   (Bittersweet Twigs)
	STEMS.Tincture [Fresh Stems 1:2,Dry Stems,1:5, 60% alcohol] 10-20 drops.
	This is best used in formulas.  USE WITH MODERATION.
SPHAERALCEA  (Scarlet Globemallow, Yerba de la Negrita)
	FLOWERING HERB.  Standard Infusion as needed.  Powdered herb, mixed 
	with hot water for poultice.  The tea is a widely used hair rinse.
*SPIGELIA (Pink Root)
	ROOT.  Strong Decoction 2-4 ounces morning and evening for three or four
	days, followed by Senna Pods or a moderate saline purgative.
STACHYS  (Hedge Nettle, Woundwort)
	FLOWERING HERB.  Tincture [Fresh Plant, 1:2, Dry Plant, 1:5, 50% alc.],
	1/2 to 1 teaspoon, to 4X a day.  Standard Infusion, as needed, and 
	topically as a poultice.
STELLARIA MEDIA (Chickweed)
	HERB.  Fresh plant juice or bruised whole plant as a poultice. Tincture 
	[Fresh Herb, 1:2, Recent Dry Herb 1:5, 50% alcohol] as needed.
STICTA  (Lobaria pulmonaria,  Lungwort Moss)
	LICHEN.Tincture [1:5, 60% alcohol], 20-30 drops, to 4X a day.  Standard 
	or Cold Infusion, 1-4 ounces, to 3X a day.
STILLINGIA SYLVATICA  (Queen's Root)
	ROOT.  Tincture [Fresh root,1:2, Recent Dry Root, 1:5, 50% alcohol] 10-
	30 drops, preferably in small frequent doses.
SUMBUL  (Ferula sumbul, Musk Root, Jatamansi)
	ROOT.Tincture [1:5, 95% alcohol] 5-20 drops. Cold Infusion, 1-4 oz., to 
	3X a day
SWERTIA RADIATA  (Green Gentian, Cebadilla, American Columbo)
	ROOT.  Tincture [Fresh Root, 1:2, Dry Root, 1:5, 50% alcohol] 5-20 
	drops, taken just before meals.
SYMPHYTUM  (Comfrey)
	LEAF&ROOT. Leaf, Standard Infusion 2-6 ounces. Root, Cold Infusion, 1-4
	ounces, both to 3X a day,for short term use. Constant use can irritate 
	the liver.
TABEBUIA  (Lapacho, Pau D'Arco, Ipe Roxo, Amapa)
	TREE BARK.  Cold Infusion, 2-4 ounce to 3X a day.  Fluidextract [1:1, 
	50% alc.] 15-30 drops to 5X a day.Tincture [1:5, 50% alcohol] 1/2 to 1 
	teaspoon to 4X a day
*TANACETUM  (Tansy)
	FLOWERING HERB.  Standard Infusion 1-4 ounce.  For short term use only.
TARAXACUM  (Dandelion)
	ROOT or LEAF. Root Fluidextract [1:1, 45% alcohol] 30-60 drops up to 4X 
	a day. Tincture [Fresh Root, 1:2] 1/2 to 1 teaspoon.  Strong Decoction, 
	2-4 ounces, to 4X a day.  Leaf as Standard Infusion, 3-6 ounces as 
	needed.
TECOMA STANS  (Tronadora, Trumpet Flower)
	WHOLE PLANT. Standard Infusion, 3-4 ounces.  Capsules, #00, 6-10 a day.
	The Rootbark and stem is used the same as its relative Tabebuia.
THALICTRUM (Meadow Rue, Ruda de la Sierra)
	HERB.  Standard Infusion 2-3 ounces.
THELESPERMA (Cota, Navajo Tea)
	FLOWERING HERB. A simple tea, as needed.
*THUJA  (Arbor Vitae, Flat, Red or Yellow Cedar)
	HERB.  Fresh Plant Tincture [1:2] for topical use; 5-15 drops in water,
	to 4X a day.  Cold Infusion, 2-3 ounces, to 3X a day.  
THYMUS  (Thyme)
	HERB.  Standard Infusion, 2-4 ounces, to 4X a day; the tea topically as 
	needed.
	ESSENTIAL OIL.  Diluted with 2 parts vegetable oil as a topical 
	antimicrobial.
*TRIBULUS  (Puncture Vine, Goat's Head)
	HERB and SEEDS.  1/2 to 1 teaspoon of the powdered plant in tea, to 2X 
	a day. Tincture [1:5, 60z% alcohol] 30-40 drops, 2X a day.
TRIFOLIUM PRATENSE   (Red Clover)
	FLOWERING HERB.  Standard Infusion or Strong Decoction, 4-6 ounces to 
	3X a day.
TRILLIUM (Beth Root)
	WHOLE PLANT.  Fresh Plant Tincture [1:2] 15-25 drops to 3X a day.
*TURNERA DIFFUSA  (Damiana)
	FLOWERING HERB. Fresh Plant Tincture [1:2] 20-30 drops. Standard 
	Infusion 2-4 ounces. Dry Plant Tincture [1:5, 60% alcohol] 30-60 drops, 
	all to 3X a day.
TUSSILAGO (Coltsfoot)
	HERB. Standard Infusion, 2-6 ounces, sipped slowly. Unlike its 
	antispasmodic  relative, Petasites, which can irritate the liver when 
	used excessively, this is a simple and safe cough therapy.
ULMUS FULVA (Slippery Elm)
	BARK.  Cold Infusion of bark or shredded pieces, as needed.  The 
	powdered bark is used for making poultices.
UMBELLULARIA  (California Bay, Pepperwood, Oregon Myrtle)
	LEAF.  Tincture [Fresh Leaf, 1:2, Recent Dry Leaf, 1:{5, 65% alcohol] 
	10-20 drops to 3X a day, or inhaled from a saturated cotton ball.
URTICA  (Nettles)
	WHOLE HERB.  Cold or Standard infusion, as needed.
USNEA  (Hair Moss, Old Man's Beard)
	LICHEN.  Tincture [1:5, 50% alcohol] 30-60 drops to 4X a day.  Moisten 
	the herb with a little alcohol and make a Strong Decoction, 2-6 ounces,
	 to 3X a day, or use the tea for topical application.
*USTILAGO  (Corn Smut)
	FUNGUS.  Fresh Fungus Tincture [1:5] 10-40 drops to 3X a day.  
	USE WITH CARE.
VACCINIUM  (Blueberry, Huckleberry, Bilberry, Whortleberry, etc.)
	LEAVES.  Standard Infusion of recent herb, 3-4 ounces, to 3X a day.
VALERIANA  (Valerian)
	PLANT.  Tincture [Fresh Whole Plant 1:2, Dry Root, 1:5, 70% alcohol], 
	30-90  drops, to 3X a day.  Capsules (root), #00, 2-3.  Constant use 
	of the dry root can  induce mental agitation.
*VERATRUM  (Green, False or American H*ellebore)
	ROOT.  Tincture [1:10, 95% alcohol] 3-10 drops to 3X a day.
	DANGEROUS IN MODERATE, POISONOUS IN LARGER AMOUNTS.
VERBASCUM  (Mullein)
	LEAVES. Standard Infusion, 2-4 ounces. FLOWERS. Tincture [Fresh Flowers,
	1:2, Dry Flowers, 1:5, 60% alcohol] 30-90 drops, ROOT. Strong Decoction,
	2-3 ounces.  All forms to 4X a day.
VERBENA (Blue Vervain)
	FLOWERING HERB.  Standard Infusion, 2-5 ounces, to 3X a day. Tincture 
	[1:5, 60% alcohol] 30-90 drops, to 4X a day.
VIBURNUM (V. opulus, V. prunifolium, Cramp Bark, Black Haw)
	ROOTBARK and BARK.  Cold Infusion or Strong Decoction, 3-4 ounces to 4X
	a day.  Tincture [1:5, 50% alcohol] 30-90 drops to 4X a day.
*VINCA MAJOR  (Periwinkle)
	HERB.  Tincture [Fresh Herb 1:2, Dry Herb, 1:5, 50% alcohol] 20-40
	drops, to 2X a day.
VIOLA ODORATA  (Violet)
	HERB.  Standard Infusion 2-5 ounces to 3X a day. Tincture [Fresh Plant, 
	1:2] 1-2 teaspoons to 2X a day.
*VISCUM ALBUM (European Mistletoe)
	HERB.  Tincture [1:5, 50% alcohol] 15-30 drops.  Standard infusion, 2-3
	ounces both to 3X a day.  Use in moderation.
*VITEX AGNUS-CASTUS  (Chaste Tree Berries, Monk Peppers)
	SEEDS.  Tincture [1:5, 65% alcohol] 30-60 drops. Ground Berries, 1/2 to
	1 tspn. in tea, both once in the morning.  As it strengthens the 
	progesterone phase of the estrus cycle, it usually works best the two 
	weeks before menses.
XANTHIUM  (Cocklebur)
	PODS. 2-3 pods as infusion. HERB. Strong Infusion 2-3 ounces, to 2X a 
	day.
XANTHOXYLUM (Prickly Ash)
	BARK/BERRIES. Tincture [1:5, 65% alcohol] 10-30 drops, before meals.
YUCCA (Amole, Spanish Bayonet)
	ROOT.  Capsules, #00, 2-3 , morning and evenings.
ZEA MAYS  (Corn Silk)
	STIGMAS. Standard Infusion, 4-6 ounces to 3X a day. Fresh Silk Tincture, 
	[1:2], 1/2 to 1 1/2 teaspoons in 8 ounces water.
ZINGIBER  (Ginger Root)
	ROOT. Fresh Root Tincture [1:2] 10-20 drops in warm water. Strong 
	Decoction 1-2 ounces, both as needed.


				FORMAT DESCRIPTION

* LATIN NAME.  These plants are not appropriate in pregnancy, either because 
of their effect on the uterus, their effects on the hypothalamus/pituitary 
axis, their toxic potential, or my own conservative attitude about herbs in 
pregnancy.  Several plants, such as Podophyllum, may actually cause birth 
defects.
LATIN NAME. This is the primary listing, and reflects a combination of
current
 botanical usage, older pharmaceutical Latin names, and common usage.  
Leptandra is called Veronicastrum in current botany, but the first name still

is widely used by herbalists and is how I list it here.  Many plants are 
listed simply by genus (such as Arnica) because I feel so many species in 
North America are the equivalent of the official one.  Others are carefully 
specified by species because of distinctly different aspects between them.  
Tarragon and Sagebrush are both Artemisias but I would hate to taste
Sagebrush
 Chicken.  Some plants are so singular, like Anemopsis,  that I only use one 
name to define them.
OTHER NAMES.  These are other Latin names and common names still in use, and 
are completely indexed in the back.
PARTS USED.  These are listed in UPPER CASE.  The herb is presumed to be used

dry.  All fresh plant uses are specified.  An Infusion or Decoction is always

presumed to be from a dry botanical.
PREFERENCES: Under each plant part, I list each method of use in the 
descending order of their value.  Some herbs are better used as an infusion, 
and I list that first.  I list fresh tincture ahead of dry tinctures most of 
the time (if both forms are appropriate for the herb) based on my own 
experience, although they may not always be available in commerce.  My 
preferences also tilt towards those methods of using herbs that makes the 
greatest use of the least amount of plant mass. I have gathered many of these

plants and have developed preferences about their use.  When you have picked 
or grown your herbs, you quickly learn how to get the most from the least.  
Some botanicals are only available in commerce, and I rely on the many
sources
for extraction principles: older Pharmacopeas, Formularies and
Dispensatories.
For plants never listed, their constituents (and use) give clear indications 
for solubilities and media.  Whenever in doubt, I have followed my own 
inclinations or the observations of the best plant pharmacist of the last two

centuries, John Uri Lloyd.

DOSAGE:  These are all given for ADULTS; give kids simple stuff.  Be 
conservative with older folks, the chronically ill, and nursing mothers.  
Always honor the basic premise of using herbal medicines; they work best on 
acute self-limiting problems and subacute or sub-clinical disease.  I have 
also been free with warnings, contra- indications and observations.  I have 
used and picked most of these plants and when I haven't, I have gone by the 
book.

Michael Moore, 2/94

OUTLINE OF PREPARATION METHODS

COLD  INFUSION
After pre-moistening a bit, wrap one part herb (dry weight) in cloth and 
suspend it in 32 parts of water (by volume) at room temperature, overnight. 
Squeeze out the  herb into the tea in the morning, and add enough water to 
bring it back to 32 parts.
STANDARD  INFUSION
Boil 32 parts of water, remove from heat, and steep one part (by weight) of 
the herb in the water for 20-30 minutes.  Strain, and pour sufficient water 
through the herb in the strainer to return the volume of tea to 32 parts.
STRONG  DECOCTION
Combine 32 parts of water with one part of herb (by weight),bring slowly to a
boil, continue for ten minutes, cool until warm, and strain.  Pour additional
 water through the herb to return the volume to 32.  A WEAK DECOCTION is the 
same, but using half as much herb in the same volume of water.
COMMENTS.  Except for the weak decoction, the above teas end up with an ounce

having the constituents of a gram of herb.  If the dosage recommends 4 ounces

of Strong Decoction, and you only want a single batch, use 4 grams of herb,
or
 divide an ounce of herb into eight equal parts and use one part for the tea.
  (Yes, they aren't quite equal...4 grams and an eighth of an ounce...but 
these are HERBS...lighten up already). DO NOT MAKE MORE THAN A DAY'S WORTH OF

TEA AT ONE TIME.

EYEWASH and DOUCHE
Make an isotonic water by adding a slightly rounded teaspoon of salt to a 
quart of clean water (1/2 teaspoon per pint, 1/4 teaspoon per cup), and make 
the tea with this solution as per the recommended strength.  Make a fresh 
batch every 5-6 hours.

FRESH PLANT TINCTURE
One part by weight of the fresh, chopped herb is steeped for 7-10 days in two

parts by volume of grain alcohol (190 proof or 95% ethanol), and pressed or 
squeezed out.  There is no reason to blend or shake this maceration; the 
tincture is formed passively as a result of dehydration.  Ethanol draws out 
all plant constituents that contain water, leaving only cellulose and dead 
tissue behind.

DRY PLANT TINCTURE
Maceration. If the Materia Medica calls for a [1:5, 60% alcohol] tincture, it

means this: your solvent is 60% alcohol and 40% water (the water is
presumed),
 and one part of herb by weight has been invested in five parts of solvent by

volume.  Let me run you through one.  You have four ounces of dried Blue 
Cohosh roots, which you then grind and sift down to a fairly consistent
coarse
 powder.  The four ounces (1) must be mixed with 20 ounces of solvent (5).  
The solvent is 60% alcohol, the rest water, so you mix 12 ounces of ethanol 
and 8 ounces of water to get the final volume.  Mix both together in a closed

jar, and shake the mixture up for a couple of minutes twice a day.  After 10-
14 days of this, let it set another day, pour off the clear tincture from the

top, and squeeze as much out of the sediment as your press or wrists allow.  
The 20 ounces of solvent (called menstruum) and 4 ounces of herb, may yield 
up 13-14 ounces of tincture (by wrist) and up to 17 ounces (by press); the 
rest is immutably held in the sediment (called marc).  This remnant moisture 
is full strength tincture, and eventually this knowledge drives one out of 
four herbalists stark raving nuts.  The resultant attempts to constantly 
upgrade hydraulic presses rivals the feeding frenzy at computer hardware 
conventions.
DRY PLANT TINCTURE
Percolation.  This is a method that needs physical demonstration and hands-on
 practice.  That being said, this is a brief run down of the process.  The 
same Blue Cohosh has been freshly ground as before.  Pack it into a measuring

cup to check its compressed volume...probably about six ounces. The menstruum

will need to be the 20 ounces PLUS the 6 ounce volume the ground dry herb 
takes up.  The proportion is the same; 60% alcohol and 40% water.  60% of 26 
ounces is 15.6 fluid ounces (the alcohol), 40% is 10.4 (water).  This gives 
you your 26 ounces of 60:40 menstruum. Place the powdered herb in a little 
mixing bowl with a top, add about two-thirds as much menstruum as the herb 
took up in volume.  It took up six ounces in volume, so add four ounces of 
menstruum to the herb, and mix it thoroughly, then cover it.  This may be 
confusing; the herb WEIGHS 4 ounces, but FILLS 6 ounces of volume.  The 
reason for checking its VOLUME will become apparent.  Anyway, the menstruum-
moistened herb needs to stay covered and digesting for at least 12, and
preferably 24 hours.
	Now you will need a percolating cone...didn't I mention that? Me and my 
students find that a large Perrier bottle with its bottom removed sits
upside-
down inside a large-mouthed Mason jar very nicely, and the screw cap can be 
used to control the rate of drip out of the bottom (former top).  Anyway, you

will need to place some moistened herb inside a coffee filter cone, slide it 
into the neck of the cone, and gradually add the moistened herb on top.  It 
needs to be compressed and compacted onto the first batch, until you have an 
evenly distributed column of herb inside the cone.  Place a filter on the 
level herb-column, and pour some menstruum slowly on top.  The menstruum 
should descent evenly down the herb column,and drip from the bottom at about 
one drip per second.  If it never drips out the bottom, you packed too tight.

 If it drips too quickly (drools is a better word), lift the cone out of the 
Mason jar, and screw the cap on until the drool becomes a slow drip.  Keep 
fresh menstruum covering the top of the herb until it all drips through.  
This can take one or two hours (or more). When it has finished, there will be

20 ounces of tincture in the Mason jar, and the last six ounces of menstruum 
(virtually inert) will stay in the herb column, like a moist sponge. Toss it.

 Now you see why you need to measure the dry herb volume; you make just
enough menstruum for that batch of tincture, and you won't have little jars 
with left-over excess menstruums that are impossible to compute into another 
batch with different proportions.  Every Pharmacist has a copy of Remington's

Pharmaceutical Sciences, which describes the process in great detail, and 
explains why you get better tinctures when percolating. 
FLUIDEXTRACT
Briefly, take 8 ounces of Tabebuia (Pau D'Arco), grind it, make up an 
arbitrary amount of menstruum (let's say four times as much, or 32 ounces).  
The tincture lists a 50% strength; make your fluidextract menstruum 20%
higher
 in alcohol content (i.e. 70%).  Mix 22.4 ounces of alcohol with 9.6 ounces 
of water to get a quart of 70% alcohol menstruum.  Take the Tabebuia, moisten

it, digest it for TWO days, pack a larger cone with it, and drip (very
slowly)
 a first batch of tincture that is only 75% of the volume as the original dry

herb weighed. This means after you have dripped 6 fluid ounces, take it away,

and continue dripping everything else into a second jar.  As the rest of the 
menstruum finally starts to sink below the top of the herb column, start 
adding water into the cone.   This second drip can be any amount you wish...a

quart, two quarts, whatever.  You will need to evaporate it all in a double 
boiler until it is reduced to 25% in volume of the herb weight...2 ounces in 
this case.  Add the vile remnant of the second percolation to the 6 ounces 
from the first percolation, and you now have 8 ounces of fluidextract, made 
from 8 ounces of Tabebuia Bark.  A Fluidextract is by definition 1:1 in 
strength.  Now clean up.

CROSSINDEX of Common Names, Spanish Names and Latin Names for herbs listed in
the Materia Medica 4.0 and in general use in current American herbal medicine

THIS HERB is listed by THIS NAME

Acanthopanax	Eleutherococcus
Aconite		Aconitum
Actea arguta	Actea rubra
African Bird Pepper	Capsicum
Agothasma		Barosma
Agrimony		Agrimonia
Alder			Alnus
Alder, Black	Prinos
Alder, Buckthorn	Frangula
Alegria		Amaranthus
Alfalfa		Medicago
Alfilerillo		Erodium
Algerita		Mahonia
Allspice		Pimenta
Aloes Socrotine	Aloe
Alum Root		Geranium
Alum,American	Heuchera
Amapa			Tabebuia
American Aloe	Agave
American Sarsaparilla	Aralia nudicaulis
Amole			Yucca
Amole Lily		Chorogalum
Anemone hepatica	Hepatica
Anemone pulsatilla	Anemone hirsutissima
Anise, Star		Illicium
Aniseed		Anisum
Antelope Horns	Asclepias asperula
Arabic Gum		Acacia senegal
Arbor Vitae		Thuja
Arbutus, trailing	Epigea
Arnica, Mexican	Heterotheca
Artichoke		Cynara
Ash			Fraxinus
Ash, Prickly	Xanthoxylum
Ash, Wafer		Ptelea
Aspen			Populus tremuliodes
Avens			Geum
Balm of Gilead	Populus candicans
Balmony		Chelone
Balsam Root		Balsamorhiza
Baneberry		Actea
Barberry		Berberis
Bayberry		Myrica
Bearberry		Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
Bearsfoot		Polymnia
Bedstraw		Galium
Berberis aquifolium	 Mahonia
Bethroot		Trillium
Betony		Pedicularis
Bilberry		Vaccinium
Birch			Betula
Biscuit Root	Lomatium
Bistort		Polygonum bistorta
Bittersweet		Solanum dulcamara
Black Cohosh	Cimicifuga
Black Haw		Viburnum
Black Root		Leptandra
Black Sampson	Echinacea angustifolia
Black Walnut	Juglans major
Blackberry		ubus villosus
Bladderwrack	Fucus
Blazing Star	Liatris
Bleeding Heart	Dicentra formosa
Blessed Thistle	Cnicus
Bloodroot		Sanguinaria
Blue Cohosh		Caulophyllum
Blue Flag		Iris
Blueberry		Vaccinium
Boneset		Eupatorium perfoliatum
Brahmi		Centella
Bricklebush		Brickellia
Broom Tops		Scoparius
Broomrape		Orobanche
Bryony		Bryonia
Buchu			Barosma
Buckbean		Menyanthes
Buckeye		Aesculus glabra
Buckeye, California	Aesculus californica
Buckthorn		Frangula
Buckthorn, California	Rhamnus californica
Buckwheat Bush	Eriogonum
Bugleweed		Lycopus
Bunchberry		Cornus
Burdock		Arctium
Burning Bush	Euonymus
Bursage		Ambrosia
Butter-and-eggs	Linaria
Butterfly Milkweed	Asclepias tuberosa
Butternut		Juglans cineria
Button Bush		Cephalanthus
Cachana		Liatris
Cactus		Cereus, Opuntia
Calamus		Acorus Calamus
California Buckeye	Aesculus californica
California Poppy	Eschscholtzia
California Slippery Elm		Fremontia
California Snakeroot	Aristolochia californica
Camphor Weed	Heterotheca, Pluchea
Canada Balsam	Abies
Canadian Fleabane	Erigeron
Canadian Hemp	Apocynum
Canadian Snakeroot	Asarum
Canaigre		Rumex hymenosepalus
Canela		Cinnamonum
Canutillo		Ephedra viridis
Caraway		Carum
Cardinal Flower	Lobelia cardinalis
Cardo Santo		Argemone
Carrot		Daucus
Cascara Sagrada	Rhamnus purshiana
Cassia angustifolia	Senna
Cat's Paw		Antennaria
Cataria		Nepeta
Catclaw Acacia	Acacia greggii
Catnip		Nepeta
Cayenne		Capsicum
Cebadilla		Swertia
Celandine		Chelidonium
Celery		Apium
Cenizo		Leucophyllum
Centaury		Centaurium
Century Plant	Agave
Chamomile		Matricaria
Chamomile, Roman	Anthemis
Chaparral		Larrea
Chaparro Amargosa	Castela
Chaste Tree Berries	Vitex Agnus-Castus
Cheeseplant		Malva
Cherry, Wild	Prunus
Chestnut		Castanea
Chestnut, Horse	Aesculus hippocast.
Chickweed		Stellaria Media
Chicory		Cichorium
Chilcuan		Heliopsis
Chimaja		Cymopterus
Cilantro		Coriandrum
Cinquefoil		Potentilla
Cistus		Helianthemum, Cistus
Cleavers		Galium
Clover, Red		Trifolium pratens
Clover, Sweet	Melilotus
Clover, Yellow	Melilotus
Cloves		Caryophyllus
Cocklebur		Xanthium
Coffee		Caffea
Cohosh, Black	Cimicifuga
Cohosh, Blue	Caulophyllum
Coltsfoot		Tussilago
Coltsfoot, Western	Petasites
Columbo, American	Swertia
Comfrey		Symphytum
Coneflower		Echinacea, all
Conopholis		Orobanche
Conyza		Erigeron
Copaiba		Copaifera
Coral Root		Coralorrhiza
Corn Silk		Zea Mays
Corn Smut		Ustilago
Corydalis canadensis	Dicentra
Cota			Thelesperma
Cotton Root		Gossypium
Couchgrass		Agropyron
Cow Parsnip		Heracleum
Cramp Bark		Viburnum
Cranesbill		Geranium
Crawley		Coralorrhiza
Creosote Bush	Larrea
Cuauchichic		Garrya
Cudweed		Gnaphalium
Culver's Root	Leptandra
Cypress		Cupressus
Cytisus		Scoparius
Damiana		Turnera
Dandelion		Taraxacum
Desert Anemone	Anemone Tuberosa
Desert Lavender	Hyptis
Desert Tea		Ephedra viridis
Desert Willow	Chilopsis
Devil's Claw	Harpagophytum
Devil's Club	Oplopanax
Devil's Dung	Asafetida
Devil's Walkingstick	Aralia hispida
Dodder		Cuscuta
Dogbane		Apocynum
Doggrass		Agropyron
Dogwood		Cornus
Dogwood,Jamaican	Piscidia
Dong Quai		Angelica sinensis
Dryopteris		Aspidium
Dugaldia		Helenium
Dusty Miller	Cineraria
Elder	Sambucus
Elder, Dwarf	Aralia hispida
Elecampane		Inula
Elephant Head	Pedicularis
Elephant Tree	Bursera
Epazote		Chenopodium
Eryngo		Eryngium
Escoba de la Vibora	Gutierrezia
Everlasting		Gnaphalium
Eyebright		Euphrasia
False Aloe		Agave
False Solomons Seal	Smilacina
Fennel		Foeniculum
Fern, Maidenhair	Adiantum
Fern, Male		Aspidium
Ferula asafetida	Asafetida
Ferula sumbul	Sumbul
Feverfew		Chrysanthemum parth.
Figwort		Scrophularia
Fireweed		Epilobium, Erechtites
Flag, Blue		Iris
Flag, Sweet		Acorus Calamus
Flax			Linum
Fleabane		Erigeron
Fo-Tzu		Aconitum carmichaeli
Fringetree		Chionanthus
Frostwort		Helianthemum
Fu-tze		Aconitum carmichaeli
Garlic		Allium sativum
Gay Feather		Liatris
Gentian		Gentiana
Gentian, Green	Swertia
Giant Willow Herb	Epilobium
Ginger		Zingiber
Ginger, Wild	Asarum
Ginseng		Panax
Ginseng,Siberian	Eleutherococcus
Goat's Head		Tribulus
Gold Thread		Coptis
Golden Seal		Hydrastis
Golden Smoke	Corydalis aureus
Gotu Kola		Centella
Gravel Root		Eupatorium purpureum
Guarana		Paullinia
Guayacan		Guaiacum angustifolium
Gum Arabic		Acacia senegal
Gumweed		Grindelia
Habin			Piscidia
Hair Moss		Usnea
Hamula		Brickellia
Hawthorn		Crataegus
Heal All		Prunella
Hedge Nettle	Stachys
Hediondilla		Larrea
Helianthemum	Cistus, Helianthemum
Hellebore, Am.	Veratrum
Hellebore, False	Veratrum
Hellebore, Green	Veratrum
Helleborine		Epipactis
Hemlock Spruce	Abies
Hemp			Cannabis
Henbane		Hyocyamus
Hercules Club	Aralia spinosa
Holacantha		Castela
Hollyhock		Althea
Holy Thistle	Cnicus
Hop Tree		Ptelea
Hops			Humulus
Horehound		Marrubium
Horehound, Water	Lycopus
Horse Balm		Collinsonia
Horse Chestnut	Aesculus hippocast.
Horse Nettle	Solanum carolinense
Horsemint		Monarda
Horsetail		Equisetum
Hound's Tongue	Cynoglossum
Huang Chi		Astragalus
Huckleberry		Vaccinium
Hydrocotyle		Centella
Hyssop		Hyssopus
Ilex verticillatus	Prinos
Incienso		Brickellia
Indian Root		Aristolochia watsonii
Indian Warrior	Pedicularis
Indigo, Wild	Baptisia
Inmortal		Asclepias asperula
Ipe Roxo		Tabebuia
Jabin			Piscidia
Jaborandi		Pilocarpus
Jack-in-the-Pulpit	Arisaema
Jamaica Dogwood	Piscidia
Jasmine, Yellow	Gelsemium
Jatamansi		Sumbul
Jersey Tea		Ceanothus
Jewel Weed		Impatiens
Jimson Weed		Datura
Jojoba		Simmondsia
Juniper		Juniperus
Kava Kava		Piper methysticum
Kinnikinnick	Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
Kola			Cola
Labrador Tea	Ledum
Ladies Mantle	Alchemilla
Lady Slipper	Cypripedium
Lapacho		Tabebuia
Lappa			Arctium
Larkspur		Delphinium
Laurel, California	Umbellularia
Lavender		Lavandula
Leafcup		Polymnia
Lechuguilla		Agave
Lemon			Limon
Lemon Balm		Melissa
Leptotania		Lomatium
Lettuce, Wild	Lactuca
Licorice		Glycyrrhiza
Licorice Fern	Polypodium
Liferoot		Senecio
Lignum Vitae	Guaiacum
Lily of the Valley	Convallaria
Lily, Tiger		Lilium tigrinum
Liriosma		Ptychopetalum
Liverwort		Hepatica
Lizard Tail		Anemopsis
Lobaria		Sticta
Logwood		Hematoxylon
Lotebush		Condalia
Lousewort		Pedicularis
Lungwort Moss	Sticta
Ma Huang		Ephedra vulgaris
Macrotys		Cimicifuga
Madrone		Arbutus
Maguey		Agave
Maidenhair Fern	Adiantum
Maidenhair Tree	Ginkgo
Mandrake, Amer.	Podophyllum
Manzanilla		Matricaria
Manzanita		Arctostaphylos
Maravilla		Mirabilis
Marigold, European	Calendula
Marijuana		Cannabis
Marsh Fleabane	Pluchea
Marshmallow		Althea
Matico		Piper angustifolia
Maturin		Cacalia
Maturique		Cacalia
May Apple		Podophyllum
Mescal Buttons	Lophophora
Mesquite		Prosopis
Mikweed, Common	Asclepias cornuta
Milfoil		chillea
Milk Thistle	Silybum
Milkweed,ButterflyAsclepias tuberosa
Milkweed, Desert	Asclepias subulata
Milkweed, Spider	Asclepias asperula
Milkweed, Swamp	Asclepias incarnata
Mimbre		Chilopsis
Mistletoe		Viscum
Monks Pepper	Vitex agnus-castus
Monkshood		Aconitum
Mormon Tea		Ephedra viridis
Motherwort		Leonurus
Mountain Everlasting	Antennaria
Mountain Laurel	Kalmia
Mountain Mahogany	Cercocarpus
Mugwort		Artemisia vulgaris
Muirapuama		Ptychopetalum
Mullein		Verbascum
Musk Root		Sumbul
Mustard		Sinapis
Myroxylum pereirae	Balsam of Peru
Myroxylum toluiferum	Balsam of Tolu
Myrrh			Commiphora
Navajo Tea		Thelesperma
Nerve Root		Cypripedium
Nettles		Urtica
New Jersey Tea	Ceanothus
Night-Blooming Cereus	Cereus
Nutmeg		Myristica
Oak			Quercus
Oats			Avena
Ocotillo		Fouqueria
Odontotrichum	Cacalia
Ohio Buckeye	Aesculus glabra
Old Man's Beard	Usnea
Orange Sneezeweed	Helenium
Oregon Myrtle	Umbellularia
Oxe-Eye Daisy	Leucanthemum
Parrot's Beak	Pedicularis
Parsley		Petroselinum
Pasque Flower	Anemone hirsutissima
Passion Flower	Passiflora
Pau D'Arco		Tabebuia
Pausinystalia	Corynanthe
Peach Tree 		Amygdalus
Pearly Everlasting	Anaphalis
Peniocereus		Cereus
Pennyroyal		Hedeoma
Pennyroyal, European	Mentha pulegium
Peony			Paeonia
Pepper, Black	Piper nigrum
Pepper, Cayenne	Capsicum
Peppermint		Mentha piperita
Periwinkle		Vinca major
Peruvian Balsam	Balsam of Peru
Peruvian Bark	Cinchona
Peyote		Lophophora
Picrasma		Picraena
Pigweed		Amaranthus
Pincture Vine	Tribulus
Pine			Pinus
Pinkroot		Spigelia
Piper cubeba	Cubeba
Pipsissewa		Chimaphila
Plantain		Plantago
Pleurisy Root	Asclepias tuberosa
Plumajillo		Achillea
Poke Root,Berries	Phytolacca
Poleo			Mentha arvensis
Poleo Chino		Hedeoma
Pomegranate		Granatum
Ponil			Cercocarpus
Poplar Buds		Populus candicans
Porlieri		Guaiacum angustifolium
Prickly Ash		Xanthoxylum
Prickly Pear	Opuntia
Prickly Poppy	Argemone
Primrose, Evening	Oenothera
Privet		Ligustrum
Prodigiosa		Brickellia
Psyllium		Plantago ovata
Pterocarpus		Kino
Pulsatilla		Anemone hirsutissima
Punica		Granatum
Purple Sage		Leucophyllum
Pussy Toes		Antennaria
Pyrethrum parthenium	Chrysanthemum parth.
Quassia		Picraena
Quebracho		Aspidosperma
Queen of the Meadow	Eupatorium purpureum
Queen's Root	Stillingia
Quinine Bark	Cinchona
Quinine Bush	Garrya
Ragweed		Ambrosia
Ragwort		Senecio
Raiz del Indio	Aristolochia watsonii
Raiz del Oro	Heliopsis
Raspberry		Rubus idaeus
Rattlesnake Master	Eryngium
Red Osier		Cornus
Red Root		Ceanothus
Rhamnus frangula	Frangula
Rhatany		Krameria
Rheumatism Root	Jeffersonia
Rhubarb		Rheum
Rock Rose		Cistus, Helianthemum
Roman Chamomile	Anthemis
Rue			Ruta graveolens
Rue, Goats		Galega
Rue, Meadow		Thalictrum
Rue, Syrian		Peganum harmala
Sabal			Serenoa
Safflowers		Carthamus
Saffron		Crocus
Saffron, American	Carthamus
Sage			Salvia
Sagebrush		Artemisia tridentata
Sandalwood		Santalum
Sangre de Drago	Jatropha cinerea
Sarsaparilla	Smilax
Sarsaparilla, American	Aralia nudicaulis
Saw Palmetto	Serenoa
Scarlet Globemallow	Sphaeralcea
Scarlet Pimpernel	Anagallis
Scouring Rush	Equisetum
Screwbean		Prosopis
Selenicereus	Cereus
Self Heal		Prunella
Senecio cineraria	Cineraria
Senega Snakeroot	Polygala
Senna			Cassia, Senna
Serpentaria		Aristolochia serpentaria
Seven Barks		Hydrangea
Shavegrass		Equisetum
Shepherd's Purse	Capsella
Shinleaf		Pyrola
Silk Tassel		Garrya
Skullcap		Scutellaria
Skunk Cabbage	Dracontium
Skunk Cabbage, Wst.n.	Lysichiton
Smartweed		Polygonum hydropiper
Snakeroot,Button	Eryngium, Liatris
Snakeroot, Canadian	Asarum
Snakeroot,Kansas	Echinacea angustifolia
Snakeroot, Missouri	Echinacea purpurea
Snakeroot,Senega	Polygala
Snakeroot,Virginia	Aristolichia serpentaria
Soapberry		Sapindus
Solomon's Seal	Polygonatum
Sourwood		Oxydendron
Spearmint		Mentha viridis
Spikenard		Aralia racemosa
Squaw Vine		Mitchella
Squaw Weed		Senecio
St. John's Wort	Hypericum
Star Grass		Aletris
Stavesacre		Delphinium
Stinkasant		Asafetida
Stone Root		Collinsonia
Storksbill		Erodium
Stramonium		Datura
Strawberry		Fragaria
Stream Orchid	Epipactis
Sumach, Fragrant	Rhus aromatica
Sumach, Smooth	Rhus glabra
Sumach, Sweet	Rhus aromatica
Sundew		Drosera
Sweet Cicely	Osmorhiza
Sweet Clover	Melilotus
Sweet Flag		Acorus Calamus
Sweet Root		Osmorhiza
Sweetgum		Liquidamber
Symplocarpus	Dracontium
Syrian Rue		Peganum harmala
Tag Alder		Alnus
Taheebo		Tabebuia
Tang Kwei		Angelica sinensis
Tansy			Tanacetum
Te de Coral		Bidens
Teasel		Dipsacus
Tecomblate		Condalia
Texas Ranger	Leucophyllum
Thlaspi		Capsella
Tickseed		Bidens
Toadflax		Linaria
Tobacco		Nicotiana
Tobacco, Indian	Lobelia inflata
Toluifera		Balsam of Peru
Torote		Bursera
Trailing Arbutus	Epigea
Tree of Heaven	Ailanthus
Triticum		Agropyrons
Trumpet Creeper	Campsis
Trumpet Flower	Tecoma
Tsuga			Abies
Turkey Corn		Dicentra
Turkey Mullein	Eremocarpus
Turkey Rhubarb	Rheum
Turmeric		Curcuma
Turtlehead		Chelone
Twin Leaf		Jeffersonia
Unicorn Root	Aletris, Chamaelirium
Uva Ursi		Arctostaphylos
Veronicastrum	Leptandra
Vervain		Verbena
Virgin's Bower	Clematis
Virginia Snakeroot	Aristolochia serpentaria
Wafer Ash		Ptelea
Wahoo			Euonymus
Water Eryngo	Eryngium
Water Horehound	Lycopus
Water Pepper	Polygonum hydropiper
Western Coltsfoot	Petasites
Wild Ginger		Asarum
Wild Indigo		Baptisia
Wild Lettuce	Lactuca
Wild Yam		Dioscorea
Wintergreen		Gaultheria
Witch Hazel		Hamamelis
Wolf Berry		Lycium
Wormseed		Chenopodium
Wormwood		Artemisia absinthium
Woundwort		Stachys
Yarrow		Achillea
Yellow Dock		Rumex crispus
Yellow Jasmine	Gelsemium
Yellow Parilla	Menispermum
Yellow Pond Lily	Nuphar
Yerba de la Negrita	Sphaeralcea
Yerba del Lobo	Helenium
Yerba del Sapo	Ambrosia
Yerba Mansa		Anemopsis
Yerba Reuma		Frankenia
Yerba Santa		Eriodictyon
Yohimbe		Corynanthe

Copyright 1994 by Michael Moore

SOUTHWEST SCHOOL OF BOTANICAL MEDICINE
122 Tulane SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106
PHONE 505 255-9215
FAX 505 268-0196
Michael Moore and Donna Chesner
