   A REPORT ON EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS FOR PARENTS OF ROSSMAN SCHHOL
   This folder is based on a report that was given to Mrs. Betz called,
NOTES ON PREPAREDNESS FOR NATURAL AND MAN-MADE DISASTERS WITH EMPHASIS ON
EARTHQUAKES FOR ROSSMAN SCHOOL, prepared by Ken Seger with editorial
assistance by Patt and Jerry Welk.  This report updates the older one and adds
information for homeowners and parents.

Copyright Notice:  All rights reserved.  Except as permitted under the United
States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or
distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval
system, without prior explicit written permission from the author.

If you find the information in this file of use to you, would you please send
$10 to Rossman School, 12660 Conway Road, St. Louis,MO 63141 with the check
made out to Rossman Parents Club.  The funds will be used to purchase
additional survival equipment for the children.
 
                         TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE                                                        ii

THE PURPOSE OF THIS TEXT AND THE NATURE OF DECISIONS            1

PROBABILITY OF DAMAGE FROM AN EARTHQUAKE                        2

VARIOUS SCENARIOS AND HAZARDS FROM AN EARTHQUAKE                4

TRAINING OPTIONS                                                6

EQUIPMENT OPTIONS                                               7

VARIOUS LEVELS OF PREPAREDNESS AVAILABLE                        8

SUMMARY OF COST ESTIMATES FOR EQUIPMENT                        11

PERSONAL PREPAREDNESS PACKS FOR FACULTY AND STAFF              13

RETROFITTING THE EXISTING BUILDINGS                            14

RECOMMENDATIONS                                                15

ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN                                            16

CLOSING COMMENTS                                               18

APPENDIX

  1. Nuclear War and how it relates to earthquake preparedness 19
  2. Other cultures and preparedness                           20
  3. Sources for preparedness supplies with price estimates    21
  4. Survivalist information resources                         23
  5. Various survival packs for office, home, and car          25
  6. Water                                                     30
  7. Information for homeowner                                 35

GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND PARTIAL EXPLANATION OF USES OF EQUIPMENT 36


                               i

                             PREFACE

    When I first started writing this text it began as an 18 KiloByte  outline
of the steps Rossman School should take to be prepared for an earthquake. This
quickly  grew to 28K with the addition of more information.  Soon  a  glossary
and  more  additional  information  was  added  bringing  the  total  to  58K.
Additional  activities were added bringing the K up to 70.  At that point  the
entire  file was reorganized and an explanation of what the  term  survivalism
really  means  was included.   Hopefully this trend will continue through  the
future years as additional information, techniques, supplies, and training are
added to improve the disaster preparedness capability of Rossman School.
    I  would  like to thank Patt and Jerry Welk for  their  encouragement  and
editing of this text.  One of their criticisms was the inclusion of the  words
survivalist  and  survivalism.   They  felt, and rightly  so,  that  the  term
survivalist  has acquired a notorious connotation recently.    They  suggested
that those terms should be replaced with blander, image-neutral terms.
    While the negative connotation might be the accepted definition for people
who assume that everything they read or hear in the mass media is the absolute
truth,  a  more accurate picture is acquired by those who search for  what  is
true  and what is false concerning the survivalist movement.
    There are individuals and groups, incorrectly labeled as "survivalist"  by
the  mass  media, who are not worthy of the name.  These  incorrectly  labeled
people tend to be political or religious extremists who violate the principles
of  survivalism  (see appendix #4) by neither helping  others  nor  advocating
freedom.   Even  though  true  survivalists  outnumber  the  falsely   labeled
"survivalists" by over 100 to 1, the true survivalists get less than 5% of any
mass  media coverage.  This merely reflects the mass media's appetite for  bad
news versus good news.
     Since  the  activities  suggested in this text are  PRECISELY  what  true
survivalism  is  all about, the terms survivalist and  survivalism  have  been
retained, and rightfully so.  
     I have been studying the topic of survivalism since 1982.   Since 1983, I
have  been a member of LIVE FREE which is the world's oldest (founded  in  the
early  60's)  and largest survivalist organization, been a life  member  since
1985, been a Live Free Certified Survival Instructor since 1988 and have given
lectures on nutrition, nuclear war survival skills, and water purification  at
various  LIVE  FREE  seminars.  I have an  extensive  library  of  survivalist
literature  and  subscriptions  to  all  major  survivalist  newsletters   and
magazines  written  in  English  in the USA, Australia  and  Europe.   I  have
participated  in the various survivalist computer/modem  information  networks
since  1984 and have been the SYStem OPerator and host node of  a  survivalist
BBS since 1986.
     Anyone  who would care to examine what real survivalists are  truly  like
should  refer to appendix #4 for a brief explanation of the topic and  sources
of additional information from which they can derive their own conclusions.

                              Ken Seger, March 1990, St. Louis

     This  text is now over 120K and is a much better training  document  than
the original which was more geared to advocacy and information.   I would like
to  add  that  I  currently teach at  the  Infinity  Self-Reliance  Center  in
Harrisburg, MO.  I would hope that anybody reading this document would  assume
that  everything I say is wrong and proceed to go out and try to prove  it  by
studying the topics herein.  That way they would learn more about the enclosed
information.   If  anybody can find better products or prices  than  the  ones
mentioned  here,  PLEASE  let me know your source if the source  is  a  retail
establish that others can patronize.

                               Ken Seger, Oct. 1990, St. Louis

                               ii
                    THE PURPOSE OF THIS TEXT


WHAT THIS TEXT IS FOR
     The  purpose  of  these  notes is neither  to  forecast  a  disaster  nor
recommend  a  specific  line  of  action, but to  serve  as  a  framework  for
discussion  of  the different levels of earthquake hazard, and show  the  many
different methods and levels of preparedness to cope with those hazards.
     There  is no way to predict, with any degree of confidence, when  or  how
strongly  an  earthquake will occur.  While people such as Dr.  Iben  Browning
have  predicted the New Madrid to quake on Dec. 3, 1990 plus or minus 3  days,
most other authorities place their predictions in decades rather than in days.
     Even  in  the highly unlikely event that this  particular  disaster  does
occur  between  Oct.31 and Dec. 7th, other types of  disasters  can  certainly
occur before and after those days.
     If you are moderately prepared for a major earthquake, you are very  well
prepared  for smaller disasters, and at minimum, partially prepared for  other
larger disasters.
     Different  levels  of problems are identified as ideal, fair,  poor,  and
worst case conditions in the following categories: time of day, time of  year,
weather,  utilities,  building damage, support services, level of  damage  and
duration of emergency conditions.
     Levels  of  preparedness  are organized around  the  topics  of  shelter,
lighting, water, food, sanitation, heating and cooling, medical, communication
and  safety requirements.  Each of these topics is covered to  illustrate  how
different levels of preparedness can be obtained.


WHAT THIS TEXT IS NOT FOR
    Just because the different categories of problems happen to be lumped into
a single problem level does NOT mean that this is likely to be the case in  an
actual  disaster situation.  The likelihood of a disaster staying within  such
nicely defined parameters is practically nil.  It is most likely to be a mixed
bag  of events.   In the same vein, the topics in the levels  of  preparedness
are  grouped ONLY to show that different levels of preparedness can be  sought
and  they  are  not meant to be a rigid set of  goals.   Different  levels  in
different  topics  will be chosen based on perceived needs and the  amount  of
money and man-hours available for the preparedness project. 


THE NATURE OF DECISIONS
     If  one accepts as true the saying, "The act of not making a decision  in
itself is a form of making a decision", then one can expand that to, "The  act
of  not even considering a topic at all is itself a form of a decision."    If
that  is  the  case,  then  most people have made  the  decision  to  be  very
unprepared for an earthquake or any other major disaster.  
     Let us look at what that decision entails.  People have decided that in a
major disaster they will most likely be without safe drinking water, they will
only  have  whatever  form of shelter happens to be  available  at  the  time,
communications will only be that which is usually available, if intact,  there
will be no provision for emergency light, bedding or shelter, and that  easily
corrected  hazards  will not be eliminated causing great  property  damage  to
carpeting, materials, furniture, books, etc. 
     Now  that  the  topic has been brought up, I hope that  the  old  passive
decision will be rejected and replaced with a new actively made and acted upon
decision.  Hopefully this document will make this change occur sooner than  it
would have otherwise and long before it is needed.
     As  one seismologist stated, "You need to choreograph an earthquake  well
in advance, otherwise you will NOT like the dance."
     Another  appropriate saying is, "That it is better to be a  decade  early
than a day late."
               SO WHAT ARE THE CHANCES OF A QUAKE?
 
   According  to  a  Memphis State University study, the  chance  of  a  major
earthquake from the New Madrid fault is:

         Richter Scale     Probability of occurrence by the year
                                2000              2040

                6.7              50%               90%
                7.6              10%               25%
                8.3               1%                3%
    
     A  Southeast Missouri State University at Cape Girardeau study gives  the
odds as:

        Richter Scale     Probability of occurrence by the year
                              2000              2040

              6.3              50%               90%
              7.6              10%               25%
              8.6               1%                3%   

     Cyclologist Eben Browning is predicting a sightly less than 50%  chance
of a 7.0+ Richter quake on Dec. 13th 1990 plus or minus 2 days.

     But what does that mean?  What does the Richter scale indicate?
     The Richter scale is a logarithmic scale and refers only to the power  of
the  earthquake  and  by  itself does not predict the  level  of  damage.   An
earthquake  of Richter 8.0 has the same  amount of power as 32 -  Richter  7.0
quakes or 1,024 - Richter 6.0 quakes or 32,768 - Richter 5.0 quakes.  In other
words, to dissipate the amount of energy that could be released by one  single
Richter  scale 7.0 earthquake would require a Richter scale 4.0 earthquake  to
occur every single hour for three years and nine months or a Richter scale 5.0
earthquake to occur every hour for six weeks.
     In 1985 Dr. Otto Nuttli, professor of geophysics at St. Louis University,
estimated  that  the  New Madrid quakes in the 5 month  period  of  1811-1812,
ranged  as  high as 8.0 to 8.8 Richter and that 15 to 18  of  the  aftershocks
ranged from 6.5 to 7.0 Richter.  Others estimate that 5 of the two dozen or so
major quakes were 8.0 or higher.  In 1985, the amount of energy stored in  the
fault  was  enough to produce an earthquake of 7.6 Richter  according  to  Dr.
Nuttli.  The last large quake was in 1895 and estimated at 6.0 Richter.  It is
estimated that a quake of this size should occur about every 80 years.  Due to
the  difference in geology, a quake in the midwest will have a damage area  20
times larger than the same quake would have in California.
     It is virtually impossible to predict at what Richter scale a major quake
would  occur.  Even if it were, it would be equally difficult to  predict  the
precise damage level that would occur in the St. Louis area.
     Since the Richter scale only tells what the "horsepwer" of a quake is and
not what damge the quake generates, a different scale is use to express  level
of  damage.   The  scale for measuring or predicting damage  is  the  Modified
Mercalli Index, which is as follows.
     Level 1 - People do not feel any earth movement.
     Level 2 - A few people might notice movement.
     Level 3 - Many people indoors feel movement.  Hanging objcts swing.
     Level 4 - Most people indoors feel movement. Dishes, windows, and  doors
rattle.   Walls and frames of structures creak.  Liquids in open  vessels  are
slightly disturbed.  Parked cars rock.





     Level 5  - Almost everyone feels movement.  Most  people  are  awakened. 
Doors  swing open or closed.  Dishes are broken.  Pictures on the  wall  move.
Windows crack in some cases.  Small objects move or are turned over.   Liquids
might spill out of open containers.
     Level  6 - Everyone feels movements.  Poorly built buildings are  damaged
slightly.   Considerable quanities of dishes and glassware, and  some  windows
are broken.  People have trouble wallking.  Pictures fall off walls.   Objects
fall  from  shelves.   Plaster  in  walls  might  crack.   Some  furniture  is
overturned.  Small bells in churches, chapels and schools rings.
     Level 7 - Damage is slight to moderate in well-built buildings.  Numerous
windows and some furniture are broken. Considerable damage occurs to  concrete
irrigation ditches.  Weak chimneys break at roof lines. People have difficulty
standing.   Loose bricks fall from buildings, heavy furniture overturns,  many
windows  break.  Considerable  damage  in  poorly  built  or  badly   designed
buildings,  adobe houses, old walls, spires and others. Some sand  and  gravel
stream banks cave in.
     Level  8 - Drivers have  difficulty steering, towers and  chimneys  fall,
tree  branches  break  and  poorly  built  structures  suffer  severe  damage.
Ordinary substantial buildings partially collapse.  Trees shaken strongly with
branches and trunks broken off. Slight damage occurs in brick structures built
especially to withstand earthquakes. Buildings partially collapse. Stone walls
are cracked or broken seriously.  Tall structures such a towers and chimneys
might twist and fall.  Temporary or permanent changes in springs and wells.
     Level 9 - Ground is cracked conspicuously.  Considerable damage occurs in
masonry  structures built especially to withstand earthquakes. Some  buildings
collapse.  Underground pipes sometimes  broken.  Most buildings suffer damage.
Houses  that  are not bolted down move off their foundation.   Some  buildings
collapse  and  underground pipes sometimes broken.  Reservoirs  suffer  severe
damage.
     Level  10  - Well-built wooden structures are severely damaged  and  some
destroyed.   Most masonry and frame structures are destroyed, including  their
foundations.  Some bridges are destroyed.  Dams are seriously damaged.   Large
landslides occurs.  Water is thrown on the banks of canals, rivers, and lakes.
Railroad tracks are bent slightly.  Cracks are opened in cement pavements  and
asphalt road surfaces.
     Level  11 - Few if any masonry structures remain standing.   Large  well-
built  bridges  are destroyed.  Wood frame structures are  severely  damaged.,
especially  near  the  epi-center. Buried pipelines  are  rendered  completely
usless.   Railroad  tracks are badly bent.  Water mixed with sand and  mud  is
ejected in large amounts.
     Level  12  - Damage is total and nearly all works  of  constructions  are
damaged  greatly or destroyed.  Objects are thrown into the air.   The  ground
moves in waves or ripples.  Large amounts of rock may move.  Lakes are damned,
waterfalls formed and rivers are deflected.
     For  St.  Louis county, the highest Mercalli levels for a  given  Richter
quake in theNew Madrid fualt will be as follows:
6.7 Richter - level 7
7.6 Richter - level 8
8.6 Richter - level 9
     Please  note  that those levels are the highest likely and  those  damage
levels will NOT be uniform throughout the St. Louis area.  Some areas will  be
devastated while others nearby will suffer only minor damage.
     It is estimated that a 7.4 Richter scale quake will do approximately  six
billion dollars in damage in just the state of Missouri.
     Even  if  there is only a 0.1% chance of an earthquake happening,  if  it
happens,  it  happens.  One can not control the likelihood  of  an  earthquake
occurring, but one can control the amount of preparedness for an earthquake or
other disaster.




            WHAT IS THE RANGE OF POSSIBLE CONDITIONS?


     When a quake happens, the magnitude of problems will be dependent on  the
severity  of the quake and other circumstances not related to the quake:  time
of  day,  time  of year, weather conditions and the  ability  of  governmental
services and parents to provide assistance.



                        IDEAL CONDITIONS

Time of day - during the middle of the night when nobody is at school
Time of year - during winter or spring break, summer vacation, or on a weekend
     when nobody is here!
Weather - mild spring or fall, nice temperatures with no wind
Utilities - no loss of electricity, phone, gas, water, or sewer
Building  -  a few books and art projects knocked off of the  shelves,  a  few
     minor cracks in windows or walls
Police/fire/hospital  - there and ready, available by phone and  everybody  in
     the yellow pages waiting to take your money
Injuries - no people at school equals no injuries
Damage level - no major problems, quake was a small one
Duration - at no time were there emergency conditions



                         FAIR CONDITIONS

Time of day - before school when just staff and faculty are in or after the PM
     carpool  is  over when there are a just a few students and  most  of  the
     staff and faculty are still here
Time of year - spring or fall during a school day
Weather  -  spring  or  fall with rain, or summer or  winter  with  very  mild
     temperatures and winds and no precipitation
Utilities  - no electricity, water pressure low,  however, the gas, phone  and
     sewer are working
Building  -  numerous small cracks in drywall, a few windows  shattered,  some
     windows with substantial cracks, many windows with minor cracks,  repairs
     not covered by insurance by Board of Trustee's Discretionary funds
Police/fire/hospital - available but only for critical emergencies, triage  is
     much tighter than usual
Injuries  -  lots  of  bruises  and scrapes,  some  minor  cuts,  just  a  few
     significant  injuries such as major cuts, sprained or strained joints  or
     broken bones
Damage level - the quake was significant, and some aftershocks are expected
Duration  - most students are picked up before sundown with just a  few  being
     picked up the next day, utilities return to normal in a day or so














                          POOR CONDITIONS

Time  of day - around AM or PM carpool when there are many parents  at  school
     available to help
Time of year - a hot summer or a cold winter school day
Weather - summer with rain and wind or winter with snow and wind
Utilities  - only the phone is working, and it is overloaded with long  delays
     for connections
Bbuilding  -  significant  damage,  most  windows  broken  or  cracked,   some
     deformation  at a few door frames, repairable, but expensive, a  loan  is
     needed to cover repairs and expenses until lawsuit with insurance company
     is resolved
Police/fire/hospital  -  difficult  to get to or contact,  services  are  very
     overburdened
Injuries  -  numerous  minor cuts, abrasions and  bumps,  several  significant
     injuries  and  one life threatening injury such as sucking  chest  wound,
     severe bleeding, shock, etc.
Damage level - major quake, aftershocks are numerous but smaller
Duration  -  moderate number of students have been picked up by  9PM  but  the
     balance  are not picked up until noon of the next day with a few  distant
     students not picked up for another day or so



                  WORST CASE POSSIBLE SCENARIO

Time of day - between 9AM and 2AM when there are the fewest number of  parents
     available for assistance
Time of year - either the heat of summer or the cold of winter
Weather  - summer/no clouds, high heat, drying winds or  winter/clouds,  35-40
     degrees with rain
Utilities - none except gas (leaking), no water, electricity or phone
Building  - Profound damage to older building.  Due to the collapse of  pantry
     wall,  the  gas shut-off valve is inaccessible with strong smell  of  gas
     around  valve.   Gym  &  the  new  wing  have  damage  of  brickwork  and
     deformation  at  corners. Both are suitable for shelter with  some  risk,
     however  children  are  afraid  to enter.   Older  building  may  not  be
     financially  worth  fixing.  Insurance  company  files  for  Chapter   11
     bankruptcy.
Police/fire/hospital - No phones to call for assistance, besides all  services
     hopelessly  swamped with other demands.  Conway road  hopelessly  clogged
     due to cracked pavement and people trying to get to St.John's & St.Luke's
Injuries  -  bleeding  major and minor, sucking chest  wounds,  eye  injuries,
     broken  arms,  legs  of  students, faculty  and  staff.   Some  cases  of
     hysteria, panic and catatonia of students, faculty and staff.
Damage level - high!, 8+ Richter as in the early 1810's
Duration - majority of parents unable to retrieve children until next day with
     several  faculty,  staff and students who live farther out unable  to  go
     home for a few days, electricity and phone will be out for at least week


PLEASE  NOTE:  Estimations of damages in all cases  are  HIGHLY   speculative.
Actual  damage to building is dependent on quality of land or  landfill  under
the  building  and  underlying rock formations on which the  preparer  has  no
meaningful data.  Also the degree of resistance of buildings to seismic  shock
is unknown to the preparer of this report.
              




                               TRAINING OPTIONS




FACULTY AND STAFF

Minimum  -  Review "duck and cover" techniques, review evacuation  drills  and
     check that all Red Cross First Aid and CPR cards are current.
Good - Above plus retake standard classes
Better  - Above plus see if 50 hour Red Cross course could be  arranged,  view
     Practical  Preparedness  video and listen to the, What  you  Should  Know
     About Earthquakes, audiotape.
Best  -  Over the summer loan VCR (if needed) and view  Nuclear  War  Survival
     Skills  video tapes 1-4 and Soviet Civil Defense video tapes  1-7.    See
     appendix #1



STUDENTS

Minimum  -  Incorporate "duck and cover" earthquake safety routines  into  the
     fire/evacuation drill
Good  -  Talk about earthquakes and how they are rare,  with  effects  usually
     limited to minor building damage
Better  -  Tell about Rossman's preparations as is appropriate  to  age.  Talk
     about what you would do if you didn't have utilities for an hour or a day
     etc.
Best - Practice skills in a drill, perhaps as an after school activity.   Have
     the children talk to Rowan-Woods students about their experiance of going
     to school without having running water.



PARENTS

Minimum - Give all parents a sheet explaining what preparedness steps  Rossman
     School has taken.
Good - Offer general preparedness information to all parents interested.
Better  -  Offer  a special meeting in which preparations  are  discussed  and
     demonstrated.  Offer more detailed preparedness information.
Best  - Form a Parent's Preparedness Club in which members can learn  in  more
     detail   about  preparedness.   Develop  a  Parent  Volunteer  list   for
     communications,  assistance and housing of remote students,  faculty  and
     staff during a disruption of normal transportation facilities.


          











                         EQUIPMENT NEEDS



     Equipment  is needed to fulfill the basic human needs of shelter,  water,
food,  sanitation, heating or cooling and medical needs.  The secondary  needs
of light and safety are important for the well being of the children as well.

SHELTER
      Shelter  is  needed  to protect the children,  faculty  and  staff  from
hypothermia, hyperthermia, rain, snow and wind.   While high  quality  shelter
would  be  preferred,  it  should  be  remembered  that  the  scope  of   this
preparedness  plan  only  covers keeping the children from  harm  until  their
parents can take over the children's needs.

WATER
      Water  that  is  both  potable and palatable  is  needed  for  drinking,
sanitation, and possible food preparation.

FOOD
      Food is needed for psychological aid more than physiological need if the
duration  is a few hours.  It is highly useful for group activity, a sense  of
normalcy, comfort, etc.

SANITATION
     "When  ya  gotta  go, ya gotta go!"  There will be enough  stress  in  an
emergency without forcing the kids to use a trench toilet.  Also, a  emergency
toilet will help speed cleanup after the disaster.

HEATING AND COOLING
     This  demand will be minimal if reasonable shelter is provided. Cold  and
hot packs might be needed in special cases for medical purposes.

MEDICAL
    At  least the basics are needed.  A higher level of preparedness  in  this
topic allows greater safety.

COMMUNICATIONS
     At least inward communications should be available to listen to AM and FM
radio.   If units with an outward ability are purchased, SSB CBs would be  the
minimum.    Mobile  and  portable  phones  might  be  utilitized,   if   still
functioning.

LIGHTING
     Illumination  is  needed for group activities,  private  activities,  a
sense of security, special cases, etc.

SAFETY
     Since  Rossman is located in a low density, upper income area, this  need
is unlikely.  However, protection from rodents, dogs, other animals and humans
may always be a possibility.









                     LEVELS OF PREPAREDNESS



  EASIEST PREPARATIONS ARE NO PREPARATIONS, BUT ALSO THE WORST


                  CURRENT LEVEL OF PREPAREDNESS

Shelter - What is on everybody's back
Light - Each earthquake kit has two plastic flashlights and spare batteries
Water - How much do the water heaters hold?
Food  - What is in the kitchen on average or lowest point?
Sanitation  - Those two large bushes in the woods over there and  hopefully  a
     shovel.
Heat/cooling - hmmmmm.....
Medical  - First aid kits, oxygen system, splints, venom extractors,  Epi-pen,
     the  medical  supplies  in the earthquake kits and  whatever  is  in  the
     faculty and staff's cars.
Communication  - clock radios, hope the phones still work, two  three  channel
     standard  CB's  used  for car pool with  all  three  channels  hopelessly
     clogged   by  more  powerful  transmitters;  therefore,  if  no   phones,
     communication with outside world consist of the gym teachers transporting
     slips of paper.
Safety - There are trees from which switches can be cut.


                SHOE STRING, MAKE DO JURY RIGGED

Shelter - A few rolls of 5 mil plastic and some rope (in the science room) are
     a lot better than nothing for expedient tents.
Light  - A battery operated fluorescent light as an area light
Water  -  a  crystalline iodine "generator", a 5 gallon jug  with  tap  and  a
     container of paper cups would help
Food - a 5 pound bag of hard candy is cheap and will last for years
Sanitation  -  for $10, two box style portapotties can be purchased  via  mail
     order
Heat/cooling  - a few instant cold packs and hot packs for the first  aid  kit
     would be nice
Medical - additional supplies for acute injuries
Communication  - at least one AM/FM radio with batteries to match,  again  the
     batteries need to be rotated
Safety - mace, tear gas, cap-stun or other sprays are fairly effective


















                         MINIMAL BUDGET

Shelter  - a few large good tarps with ropes and tent spikes would  be  better
     than plastic
Light  -  Another battery operated fluorescent light plus 6 cyalumes
Water - a few iodine purifiers with 25 gallons of water store at all times  in
     various locations would be nice and cost only $30
Food - Purchasing some foods that require no water or heat (if you don't  mind
     eating cold chicken with gravy, etc.)
Sanitation  -  The  box style portapotties again but with the  addition  of  a
     portable sink (5 gal.)
Heat/cooling - quite a few heat and cold packs + some aluminized mylar  sheets
     (the so-called "space-blankets")
Medical - a second major kit can be added to be stored outside the building
Communication - one radio for scanning AM and another for FM, 20 year  storage
     D cells
Safety - a higher grade of anti-personnel incapacitating gas


                         MODERATE BUDGET

Shelter  -  a tent that would house two dozen children or any injured  can  be
     purchased for $300
Light - numerous plastic flashlights with 20 yr. D cells, several  fluorescent
     lights with 20 year D cells, several cyalume sticks of various types
Water - Several iodine purifiers, with filter papers and activated charcoal to
     improve palatability, some "Tang" or "Wylers" would be nice and  multiple
     stored water mylar/boxes in several locations
Food  - a large meal in an MRE can be had for about $3.50 and will  store  for
     years, a cheaper method would be to purchase MRE components
Sanitation  -  3  box style portapotties, 2 - 5 gallon portable  sinks  and  a
     "solar" shower for cleaning spills and accidents
Heat/cooling  -  heat and cold packs, numerous  space-blankets  plus  numerous
     "space" sleeping bags
Medical  - medical kit should contain all possible supplies that  faculty  and
     staff are qualified to use
Communication - 1 AM, 1 FM, 1 TV band radio with 20 yr D cells
Safety - a flare gun for signaling, or in a worst case scenario, defense

                   WELL BUDGETED, CONVENTIONAL

Shelter - an army surplus 16' x 32' tent can be boought for $500
Light  -  numerous  Mag-lite  flashlights  with  20  year  storage  batteries,
     fluorescent  lanterns  with 20 yr. batteries, cyalume sticks  -   several
     bright white 30 minute units for special applications and various colored
     12 hour units for night identification of people and objects
Water  -  Water  storage as above with Katadyn  microfiltration  purifier  and
     activated charcoal filters
Food - 1 or 2 MREs for everybody, + additional foods for special requirements
Sanitation  - 2 or 3 plastic hassock style portapotties, 3 - 5  gal.  portable
     sinks, 2 "solar" showers
Heat/cooling  -  all of the above with a small stove or immersion  heater  for
     heating water. A kerosene lamp can also be used to heat water.
Medical - all medical supplies to cover a large number of minor problems, plus
     a kit that would be useful for a General Practitioner M.D.
Communication - 1 AM, 1 FM, 1 TV band, 1 - 40 channel SSB CB
Safety  - sidearm locked in "gunsafe" with safety bullets ASSUMING several  of
     the  faculty and staff are trained to use it in a proper safe  and  legal
     manner.





         VERY WELL BUDGETED, U.S.A. STYLE SURVIVALIST'S PREPARATIONS

Shelter - Standard "Fighting Chance" style blast/fallout/bio-chem war  shelter
     consisting of below ground cylindrical steel tank outfitted with hammocks
     for all occupants and air blowers with purifiers.
Light  - Protected deep-discharge battery operated fluorescent lights for  the
     shelter, with portable fluorescents and Mag-Lite with 20 year cells
Water  -  Shelter would be equipped with a well for  cooling,  sanitation  and
     drinking.
Food - For short-term, MREs, MR8s and freeze dried.  For long term  year-long,
     Morman 4, Kearney Diet or Morman 4 + 40.
Sanitation - Each shelter equipped with chemical toilet and pump to a  holding
     tank buried outside shelter.
Heat/cooling  - The shelter air and water systems can control any  heating  or
     cooling needs.
Medical  - as above plus a kit that would be useful for the highest  qualified
     M.D./parent in their various fields of medicine.
Communication  - as above plus protected from lightning and EMP with  antennas
     for maximum range and clarity, plus phones between shelters
Safety - sidearm with shotshells for rodents, snakes and other short range  (5
     to  20 feet) problems plus a longarm for dogs, skunks and other  problems
     which  need  to  be  removed at a longer range (20  -  100  feet).   Both
     properly stored in a locked safe with safety ammunition.




      FIRST CLASS PREPAREDNESS, TYPICAL SWISS GRADE SCHOOL

Shelter  -  Standard  Swiss  below  ground  blast/fallout/chem-biowar  shelter
     consisting  of below ground reinforced concrete rooms with bunks for  all
     occupants with wartime air handling system. See appendix #2 for  details.
     As  an  alternative, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's  3,400  SQ.  FT.
     Blast-upgradable  Hazard-resistant  Earth Sheltered  Residence  could  be
     easily modified for a totally underground use at a savings of 20%.
Light  -  protected fluorescent lights run from generator  or  deep  discharge
     batteries plus all of the above portable lights
Water - A well as per Technical Directive 1966 2-7 which can provide 100 grams
     water per hour per shelter space.
Food - Nestles Corp. Uberlebens Nahrung (survival rations)
Sanitation - A well and a septic system
Heat/cooling  -  standard Swiss blowers and filters for  dust,  radioactivity,
     chemical and biological warfare air-bornes, blankets on all of the bunks
Medical - Standard "First Aid Post" (also known as a Protected Practice)  with
     32  beds for triage and first aid with supplies, or "First  Aid  Station"
     with  120 to 140 beds or bunks with an operating table for triage,  first
     aid, and final treatment of lightly wounded patients
Communication - EMP hardened radios, separate units for AM, FM, TV,  Emergency
     channels, SSB CB, HAM and shortwave
Safety  -  "All facilities can operate for several days independent  from  the
     outer world." - OUR CIVIL DEFENSE p.16, plus a standard soldier's kit  of
     full-auto  military  rifle, helmet, backpack, etc. for  all  males.   See
     Appendix #2 for additional information.

ADDITIONAL ITEMS FOR PREPAREDNESS - Detached building for supplies,  chainsaw,
kerosene  lights and perhaps a heater, military ammo boxes, PVC tubes or  used
Coke syrup barrels for storing supplies .




          WELL THAT'S REAL NICE.........................HOW MUCH?!?

     These prices should be considered low estimates as shipping will have  to
be added to items not available locally.  See appendix #3 for details. 


CURRENT LEVEL OF PREPAREDNESS

Shelter       - $0.00
Light          -  0.00
Water          -  0.00
Food           -  0.00
Sanitation    -  0.00
Heat/cooling  -  0.00
Medical       -  0.00
Communication -  0.00
Safety         -  0.00

          TOTAL $0.00    PER PUPIL WORTH $0.00

                Remember: You get what you pay for!  TANSTAAFL



SHOE-STRING, MAKE DO, JURY RIGGED

Shelter   - $20  some plastic sheeting and rope
Light      - $30  one  battery operated fluorescent light with spare batteries
Water      - $20  1 iodine purifier, 2 - 5 gallon containers
Food       -  $5  a bag of hard candy
Sani.     - $10  2 box style toilets with paper
Heat/cool - $10  2 heat packs, 3 cold packs
Medical   -$100  neck braces, etc.
Communi.  - $10  portable AM/FM with alkaline batteries
Safety     - $30  3 small units of Cap-Stun for $30 or
                 in bulk for 26  various sizes for $144

    TOTAL  $235       PER PUPIL WORTH $1.21



MINIMAL BUDGET

Shelter   - $120  tarps instead of plastic sheeting
Light     -  $72  two battery operated fluorescent light plus 6 cyalumes
Water     -  $40  more water storage
Food       - $120  a bigger bag of candy and 24 MREs
Sani.     -  $70  5 box toilets and paper, 1 solar sink & soap
Heat/cool -  $92  cold & heat packs,10 each, 24 space blankets
Medical   - $200  various
Communi.  - $104  another radio and better batteries
Safety    - $144  26 units purchased wholesale

      TOTAL $962       PER PUPIL WORTH  $4.93





MODERATE BUDGET

Shelter  - $300  used army tent with poles and stakes
Light    - $550  33 good FL's,4 fluor.,20 yr cells & 12 cyalumes
Water    - $110  more purifiers & storage, acti. charcoal filter
Food     - #350  100 MREs
Sani.    -  $92  3 box toilets, 2 sinks, 1 shower
Heat/cool- $364  20 each cold & heat packs, 36 blankets & 24 bags
Medical  - $400  various
Communi. - $156  another radio for the audio portion of TV VHF
Safety   - $268  26 Cap-Stuns + a signal flare gun with 4 flares

 TOTAL   $2,590       PER PUPIL WORTH  $13.29


WELL BUDGETED

Shelter  - $500  a used military tent
Light    - $826  as above plus 12 Mag-Lites and 24 cyalumes
Water    - $300  as above plus microfiltration unit
Food      - $800  250 MREs plus a few freeze dried meals
Sani.    - $424  3 toilets, 3 sinks,2 showers, 10-5 gal bags
Heat/cool- $425  above + kerosene lantern or immersion heater
Medical  -$1000  various
Communi. - $350  as above plus one 40 chan. SSB CB
Safety   - $600  as above plus a sidearm with gunsafe

 TOTAL   $5,225       PER PUPIL WORTH  $26.80


VERY WELL BUDGETED, USA SURVIVALIST STYLE
                        (see EQUIPMENT OPTIONS for details)
Shelter   - $75,000  
Light      -  $1,500
Water      -  $2,000
Food       - $10,000  3,500 MREs, OR 1 year of Morman 4 $62,500
Sani.     -  $3,000
Heat/cool -  $5,000
Medical   -  $5,000
Communi.  -  $3,000   as above plus EMP protectors, ant.& tower
Safety     -  $1,500   as above plus longarm and safe for longarm

  TOTAL    $106,000        PER PUPIL WORTH  $543.59


FIRST CLASS PREPAREDNESS
               (see EQUIPMENT OPTIONS & Appendix #2 for details)
Shelter   -$200,000             
Light      -  $5,000
Water      -  $4,000
Food       - $80,000  1 yr. of Kearney diet + freeze dried foods
Sani.     -  $6,000
Heat/cool - $10,000
Medical   - $20,000  this estimate is probably way too low
Communi.  -  $7,000
Safety     -  $5,000

   TOTAL   $337,000      PER PUPIL WORTH   $1,728.21



     PERSONAL PREPAREDNESS PACK FOR THE 33 FACULTY AND STAFF

     If the staff and faculty are expected to care for our children during the
first  phase of an emergency, we parents should, at least,  provide  materials
for the care of the faculty and staff.
     In order for normal school functions to resume as soon as possible, it is
in  our  best interests to minimize the effects of an emergency  on  the  home
lives of the faculty and staff.  It is fairly unlikely that staff and  faculty
members  are personally prepared for a major quake.  It would be  advantageous
to develop emergency packs for them.  Stored at the school, these packs  would
be taken by the faculty and staff when they return home.
     For faculty and staff who live far away, volunteer parents should arrange
temporary housing until normal transportation becomes available.
     The  following would be in the pack the 33 faculty and staff would  carry
home with them.
     They represent a strictly MINIMUM kit to be upgraded and expanded as time
and funds permit. A few upgrade items are listed in ().

Crystalline iodine water purification kit
Trash sack for expedient poncho (heavy duty military poncho)
Trash sack to carry all items in (backpack - medium ALICE, no frame)
How to live without utilities book NUCLEAR WAR SURVIVAL SKILLS
Aluminized mylar sleeping bag 
Aluminized mylar 5 gallon water container
Box/bag/disinfectant for expedient toilet
Zip-lock bag, large for large items
Zip-lock bag, small for small items
1 MRE (2, 3 or more)
Flashlight with batteries & spare bulb (Mag-lite with 20 year cells)
Matches, water resistant (lifeboat matches)
Candle
Trioxane cooking fuel tabs

For a minimal kit TOTAL $1,980   $60 per kit

For partially upgraded kit  TOTAL $3,894  $118 per kit

    For  a  more  thorough look at emergency kits,  review  the  various  kits
available  from  Preparedness Products Inc. and The  Emergency  Lifeline  Inc.
Also,  various  survivalist  recommended backpacks lists  and  lists  of  home
survival suppllies are available from Ken Seger.





























    Note; Much of this has been done or is being done at Rossman as of 9/90.
This topic is left in this report as a guide to the homeowner.




               RETROFITTING THE EXISTING BUILDINGS


RETROFITTING THE BUILDING'S CONTENTS
     Many small modifications can be made that will reduce injury and property
loss for a small expenditure of time and material.  The best way to accomplish
minor  retrofits would be to examine all rooms, hallways, closets and  storage
areas  and  consider  what would happen if there was a  sudden  horizontal  or
vertical acceleration. 
     For each area an inventory sheet should be made with two main categories:
physical  injury  and property loss. Each of these categories having  a  major
threat  and minor threat division.  For example, under major injury: the  need
to  secure tall, top-heavy bookcases, filing cabinets that could cause  injury
on impact, or water heaters, kilns or kitchen equipment that could generate  a
fire  or explosion.  Under minor threat: the need to secure frames  that  have
glass or computer printers.  Under major property: the need to secure computer
equipment, copiers, video equipment, heating and cooling devices, etc.   Under
minor property: the need to secure records, and other breakables.
      While  the mainence man most certainly has the ability to  effect  these
improvements,  having  the  time  to implement them,  in  addition  to  normal
services  within normal working hours, is unlikely.  His terms  of  employment
could be expanded if he is willing and finances are available, or a task force
of moms and dads handy with tools could come in on scheduled weekends. 

RETROFITTING THE BUILDINGS THEMSELVES
    Both  the  necessity  and  the  feasibility  of  major  retrofits  on  the
structures  need  to be studied by a qualified engineer or  architect.  Carmen
Johnson has lists of publications that might aid this activity. If one of  the
Rossman parents is qualified for this activity, and is willing to waive  their
fee, the school should purchase any needed materials and reimburse expenses. 
















                         RECOMMENDATIONS


     If Rossman parents, faculty and staff were typical people, the results of
viewing this information would be, "Yup that's a good idea. Somebody should do
some  of  that stuff sometime.", and that would be the end of  it.   We  would
continue  at  our  current state of preparedness which  is  better  than  most
schools but still has room for improvement.
     Rossman  people are not typical people. Otherwise, Rossman would  not  be
the unique quality institution that it is.
     I  am  certain that all of us would like to see the children  of  Rossman
have  the  same  chance  of surviving an emergency that  a  Swiss  child  has.
Unfortunately our society does not place as great an emphasis on safety as the
Swiss do.  If we did, this report would be unnecessary.
     Unlike  the  Swiss, we can not expect funding from  either  the  Federal,
State, county or city government.  Like everything else at Rossman, if we want
it done, we need to do it ourselves.
     While manhours and funds have been made available for preparedness,  this
amount  was not unlimited.  Therefore, this past summer, time and  money  went
into items that will make the greatest amount of difference.  This effort  was
the   earthquake  kits  which  improved our  medical  preparedness  and  light
sources.  While this vastly improves our preparedness over what it was at  the
beginning of 1990, we still have room for improvement.
     While  food  and  shelter are quite important, a child  can  die  from  a
sucking  chest  wound  or  cut blood vessel much faster  than  they  can  from
hypothermia or starvation.  After the possible critical injury needs have been
prepared  for, attention should be paid to items that can afford the  greatest
amount  of  safety  for the least amount of time and  money.   This  would  be
shelter from the elements.
     After  this need has been at least minimally prepared for, the  remaining
topics can be covered as time and money permit.  Please note that much of  the
equipment  can provide great utility at very low cost. Example,  significantly
improved  lighting  will cost over $100, whereas sanitation  requirements  for
human waste can be dealt with for less than $30.
     A  wildcard  that can frustrate preparedness planning is the  arrival  of
additional people not considered part of the original plan.  This problem  has
two  aspects.  First, while it is hoped "more hands make lighter work",  those
hands are attached to a body that needs food, water, sanitation, shelter,  and
perhaps, medical attention.  Second, the additional individuals will not  have
taken  part  in  the preparedness training.  This places an  added  burden  on
managers  to  maintain  control  and perform  expedient  training  during  the
emergency.
     Since  the  individuals  are  outside  of  the  system,  their  sense  of
willingness  and  ability  to  follow orders may be less  than  ideal  if  not
outright  disruptive.   Care should be taken not to offend others  who  desire
shelter  as they may be ideal candidates for various tasks that one  does  not
want  to  employ  the trained staff and faculty on,  such  as,  menial  tasks,
scouting, heavy labor, etc.
     The  illustrated  degrees of preparedness, are meant to  demonstrate  the
different  levels  of preparedness available.  Sticking to one  level  on  all
topics  cannot be assumed to be the most effective use of money. Depending  on
varying  opinions as to the degree of need in each area, different topics  can
be prepared for at different levels.
     As  stated  in  the  overview, these notes are  merely  a  framework  for
discussion.  Cost estimates of different levels should be used like a menu for
a  7 person dinner at a Chinese restaurant.  Choose one appetizer,  one  soup,
several  entrees  and  one dessert.  The mix of preparedness  levels  will  be
determined by the perceived degree of need.



                  SUGGESTED ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOLDERS
     Ultimately, there are two sets of information folders that may need to be
created for the preparedness plan.  One set for information before a  disaster
and another for use during the disaster.

Preparing  for  disaster:  This set of folders  should  contain  informational
checklists  to help various people and groups prepare to mitigate the  effects
of  a  disaster.   Obvious targets would be the various  task  force  members,
faculty  and  staff and parents who wish to enhance  their  home  preparedness
level.   Each folder should include a bibliography of  additional  information
resources.

Executing preparedness plans: During a disaster, everybody's adrenaline is  up
and  people  who could recite their disaster plans backward and forward  on  a
typical  day  are incapable of remembering the priorities of  their  own  plan
under  the extremely stressful circumstances.  Instead of a bulky folder  that
might be misplaced or not carried along due to its size, a laminated 3"x5"  or
larger  card with the essentials printed on both sides might be very  helpful.
This could be put in a glove compartment, taped to the CB, etc.
     A  similar card, stating in simple terms how to use the supplies,  should
be included in the preparedness supplies.
     While  it  is tempting to use 8 point or smaller type face and  make  the
card  an encyclopedic warehouse of information, it should be  remembered  that
the  card  is not intended to be used under ideal conditions,  but  under  the
worst possible conditions where lost or broken eyeglasses or with a flashlight
whose batteries should have been replaced many months ago might be the case.

TASK FORCES
    Since  Parent's  Club  meetings already have a  full  agenda,  a  separate
evening  meeting  of parents who wish to become involved  in  school  disaster
preparedness would probably be best.  Those parents who choose to come  should
be given this folder several days before the meeting so topics can be  covered
more fully.
     One  of the more important aspects of that, and subsequent,  preparedness
meetings, would be the creation and activation of various parent task  forces.
These task forces would carry out the needed activities to implement  whatever
level of preparedness is desired. Below is a list of some of the possible task
forces.

PURCHASING  AGENTS  - Most of the prices of preparedness items are  listed  at
retail.   Very  little price reduction can be effected on items  purchased  in
small  quantities.  However, on items purchased in quantities of  one-half  or
one full gross, a sizable discount might be available if purchased directly.

CB NETWORK - If the school purchases a 40 chan. SSB CB, it would be helpful to
have  a network of parents who have similar equipment.  Ideally each  node  of
the network would be located a significant distance from each other throughout
the  area  of parents homes so that each Rossman parent would know  whom  they
could  go  to  for communication with the school.  A  primary,  secondary  and
tertiary channel should be for school to parent communication.  Another set of
channels should be established for parent to parent communication. This  might
be  especially needed if certain nodes have difficulty communicating  directly
with the school.  The same type of network can be used if people choose to go
the HAM radio route of 2, 5 or 10 meter equipment.






PORTABLE  PHONE NETWORK- While the CB network would be totally independent  of
utilities,  there is a possibility that car and handheld phone  service  might
either be uneffected or the first to be repaired. This network would not be as
independent  as  the CB network, but if it is available it would be  of  great
benifit.

KIT MAKERS - These people will create and assemble the various kits.

TEMPORARY  HOUSING  -  These  would be volunteers who  would  agree  to  house
students,  faculty,  and  staff who have difficulty getting  home  after  most
others  have left. These might be considered way stations for traveling  home.
These  volunteers  should  have stored bedding, water,  food,  sanitation  and
shelter for the number of people they choose to house.

4WD  OWNERS  - Since transportaion might be quite a problem if  the  quake  is
large  enough,  a  volunteer group of owners of 4 wheel  drive  vehicles  with
adequate  ground  clearance should arrange an expanded carpool  based  on  the
capability of their vehicle.  One possibility would be a shuttle service  from
school  to the way station houses to reduce the distance parents  without  4WD
would have to go to pick up their children should transportation be limited to
4WD  in  certain areas.  Establishing this emergency carpool would also  be  a
good idea if there were ever a blizzard-like storm in which 2WD travel becomes
difficult. 




FINANCING PREPAREDNESS

     It  should  be very clearly stressed that financing for  preparedness  be
above and beyond normal school finances.  It simply won't work for a parent to
say,  "Well,  this year I'll give to the preparedness fund instead  of  annual
giving."  This will not work.  Annual giving supports the day to day operation
of the school.  The endowment giving is strictly for the endowment fund.   Any
donations to the preparedness fund needs to be above and beyond normal  giving
patterns least the rest of the school functions suffer.
     The  funds  for  preparedness should be considered similar  to  a  single
premium  insurance  policy.  Funds to purchase an item that will  need  to  be
replaced  in  five  years are similar to a single premium  5  year  term  non-
renewable policy.  Funds for an item that will last for decades would be  like
a single premium paid life policy.
     A  PREPAREDNESS  PLAN IS INSURANCE.  If you are fortunate enough  not  to
have  cause to use it, it was an unnecessary purchase.  But it is too late  to
purchase  it after the need arises.  What you purchase is piece of  mind.   By
having a preparedness plan implemented, each parent knows they have  fulfilled
their moral obligation to care for their child to the best of their ability.




















                        CLOSING COMMENTS

     This  paper  can  not possibly convey all of the  information  needed  to
create  a  preparedness  system.  There are many  fine  texts  available  from
various  sources  that  the  serious student  of  preparedness  should  study.
Demonstrations   of  survival  products  are  available  from  Ken  Seger   by
appointment.
     Ken  Seger  does not sell or have any economic interest in any  sales  of
survival supplies. While Ken Seger is a Certified Survival Instructor for LIVE
FREE  and  an  instructor  at  INFINITY  SELF-RELIANCE  CENTER,  the  material
presented  here, or in any demonstrations, are strictly Ken  Seger's  personal
viewpoints  and opinions and do not necessarily represent the opinion of  LIVE
FREE or ISC.
     Ken Seger can be contacted at 763 Haw Thicket Lane, Des Peres,Mo 63131 or
(314)821-9147  (voice  line) or Ken's Survivalists' BBS  821-2815  (data  line
3/12/2400 bps).


     Preparedness  planning necessitates working around a big "Catch 22".   If
the  quake is small, the extensive preparations are not needed. Utilities  are
all  intact, police, EMTs, hospitals, ambulances and other emergency  services
are  all  there,  but  not  needed.  If the  quake  is  large,  no  amount  of
preparedness planning will be able to solve every single problem.   Utilities,
police,  EMTs, hospitals, ambulances and other emergency services will all  be
desperately needed, but unavailable.
     Planning  for  the  worst  case, can lead to,  what  may  be  considered,
"overdoing   it".    If  all  disasters  occurred  under   ideal   conditions,
preparedness  planning, and the attendant expenses, would be greatly  reduced.
Real life situations rarely have easy answers. 

























APPENDIX #1
                   ON THE TOPIC OF NUCLEAR WAR

     Why  should  books and videos on the subject of nuclear war  be  included
here?
     1)  A confidence building mechanism.  If a person acquires the  knowledge
and skills to survive a full scale nuclear war, they then know that  surviving
a  much smaller catastrophe like a major earthquake is certainly within  their
capabilities.
     2) It focuses the mind on what is and (perhaps more importantly) what  is
not  needed for survival.
     3) To put our activities in perspective.  1/4th of the world's population
has  effective  Civil  Defense  (the U.S. does not).   There  do  exist  other
cultures  that are willing to dedicate more manpower and money  to  protecting
their  children than we do at present.  When comparing their  preparations  to
the  ones  that  we are considering, our efforts are  not  that  expensive  or
extensive.
     4)  A realization that the topic of emergency preparedness, if it  is  to
cover  one  situation  in  a  thorough  manner,  must  cover  all  aspects  of
emergencies. To a large extent the techniques and research that are helpful to
earthquake  preparedness  stem from developing the technology  and  skills  to
survive a nuclear war.  It is useful to know how a techinique evolved,  rather
than to simply know the answer.
     5)  Thinking  about  a nuclear war is an excellent  method  of  making  a
checklist  of needed skills and materials for other disasters.   By  comparing
the needs of surviving a nuclear war with the needs of a lesser emergency  you
can make more effective use of time and material.  There are many survivalists
who have absolutely no expectation of a nuclear war; however, they prepare for
one as a method of preparing for  future emergencies they do expect to  occur.
If you are prepared for a nuclear war, you are prepared for anything else that
might  happen.
     6) If the estimates by the CIA do come true, and there are 20 nations  in
the  year  2000  that  will  have  InterContinental  Ballistic  Missiles   (in
comparison to the current 5), then this small, limited introduction will be of
assistance  to any additional steps of preparedness that may be chosen in  the
future.  

























APPENDIX #2

               ADDITIONAL NOTES ON SWISS SHELTERS
     The  Swiss  have the best all-hazards preparedness system in  the  world,
followed closely by the Scandinavian countries, USSR, Red China, and Israel.
     Below are some specification extracted verbatim from Federal Swiss law.
     The  shelter  shall not exceed 5% of total building cost,  excluding  the
purchase  of  ground  (as per Swiss Federal Law BUILDING  MEASURES  FOR  CIVIL
DEFENSE  dated  4  October, 1963 Article 8 - 1) with  the  Federal  government
providing  30-70%  costs of building and equipment (same law  Article 5  -  1)
with  canton (state) and community (city) assuming the remaining  costs  (same
law Article 6-1). Shelter spaces shall be 2/3rds the number of seats in school
as per Swiss Federal Department of Justice and Police, Office of Civil Defense
-  Technical  Directive for the Construction of Private Air Raid  Shelters  15
November 1966 Chapter 2.1.1.2 - upgraded to one space per person as per Report
of  the Federal Council to Parliament on the 1971 Conception of Civil  Defense
11  August, 1971 Chapter 4.3.4 with one fully protected space for each  member
of the nation by 1985/1990. As per Technical Directives etc. 1966 there  shall
be per shelter space - from 2.1.1.3 - 10.8 sq ft floor space, 88 cu ft volume,
10.8 sq ft per ventilator, 0.54 sq ft floor space for air lock, 0.76 sq ft for
decontamination  room - from 2.1.1.1.2 the shelter shall be divided  into  gas
tight  cells each containing a maximum of 50 people with a total  capacity  of
200 persons. Several shelter groups may be situated next to or on top of  each
other  if decentralization is not possible - from 2.2.2.3 if shelter has  101-
200 spaces separate decontamination and air rooms are mandatory - from 2.2.3.1
for  101-200  place there shall be at minimum 1 category I escapeway, 1  or  2
(depending on cell configuration) category II escapeshaft(s) and 1 category IV
escapetube  with  all  entrances,  exits  and  ventilation  openings  able  to
withstand  1 ATM <or 3 ATM> ie. a Hiroshima level of blast (12KiloTon) at  0.4
mile  <0.2 miles>, a 100 KiloTon blast at 0.8 miles <0.4 miles>, a  1  MegaTon
blast at 1.6 miles <0.9 miles> or 10 MegaTon blast at 1.6 miles <0.9 miles>.
     In  addition to the shelters proper that are also underground  duplicates
of  government offices, underground protected storage of emergency  equipment,
and  duplication  of  medical  facilities  in  blast/fallout/biochem   special
shelters.  For every 5,000 Swiss there is one First Aid Post which  represents
a  protected practice and normally has 32 beds for triage and first aid.   For
every  18,000  Swiss  there is one First Aid Stationof 120  to  140  beds  for
triage,  first  aid and final treatment of lightly wounded patients  with  one
operating   table.    For   every  38,000  Swiss  there   is   one   Emergency
Hospital/protected  Operating room.  The protected operating room  is  located
under  a hospital and has about 250 beds and represents a basic  hospital.  An
underground emergency hospital is built where no peacetime hospital exists for
final treatment of wounded patients.
     All laws and technical construction notes are available from the  Federal
Office for Civil Defense, WRITTEN IN ENGLISH, in Berne, Switzerland.
     The  inclusion  of  the above information is to put  a  small  earthquake
preparedness  plan  into perspective as far as what can and what  can  not  be
done.
     Please  note that the Swiss system is NOT just a theoretical  abstraction
of what should be done.  There are fallout shelters for over 115% of the Swiss
population and fallout/blast/biochem shelters for 90+% of the Swiss population
installed and operational as of 1988.









APPENDIX #3
          
                 PRICES OF PREPAREDNESS SUPPLIES

    (Please note; some of these prices might be out of date)
40 channel SSB CB - $160 with antenna and battery pack, Santa Fe Distributing,
     14400 West 97th Terrace, Lenexa,KS 66215 orders only 1-800-255-6595
45  ACP  revolver & shotshells - used $150, refurbished $200, new $300
Activated charcoal filter - depends on size and packaging      $30-60, from SI
Aluminized mylar blanket - Ie."space blanket" $3 from Cabela's, 812-13th Ave.,
     Sidney,NE  69160  orders only 1-800-237-4444
Aluminized mylar sleeping bag - Ie. "space" bag $9 Cabela's
AM/FM  radio - small unit that runs on AA or C cells $5-10 any discount  store
     larger  units  that  run on D cells have better  sound  since  they  have
     considerably larger loudspeakers, $40
AM/FM radio, solar/generator/AA powered - $35 from Preparedness Products
AM/FM/TV radio - as above with TV audio band $20-30
Ammo cans, military - smalls $3-10, larges $15-50, many stores
Audiotape,  How  to Survive a Major Earthquake, 32 min.  $5.00  The  Emergency
     Lifeline,1514 E. Edinger, Suite 1, Santa Ana,CA 92705 (714)558-8940
Book, Emergency/survival Handbook by the American Outdoor Safety League, $3.45
     from  Preparedness  Products,  3855 South 500 West, Bldg.  G,  Salt  Lake
     City,UT   84115  (801)261-8823
Book, The Preparedness Handbook $2.40 from Preparedness Products
Book, Reader's Digest First Aid Book $1.25 from Prepared. Prod.
Book, Earthquake Preparedness $4.00 from The Emergency Lifeline
Brinkman (imitation Mag-Lite) (3 D cells) Wal-Mart $18 simialr to Nu-Light
Cap-stun  -  $10-25 in 5 different sizes, Phoenix Systems Inc P.O.  Box  3339,
     Evergreen,CO  80439  for  individual sales,  Guardian  Security  Products
     Dept.SH-3  8350  North  7th Street, Phoenix,AZ 85020  for  $144  26  unit
     package
Cyalume  sticks - 12 hour 10/$10 from Sierra Supply P.O.Box  1390,  Durango,CO
     81302, $2.50 other sources, examplle Brigade Quartermasters
D cells standard - Wal-Mart $3/8 cells
D  cells  alkaline - Wal-Mart $5/6 cells D cells 20 year - $228/96  cells  The
     Emergency  Lifeline,  1425 Culver Drive,  Suite  A-474,  Irvine,CA  92714
     (714)558-8940
EMP protector - $35 Kootenai Radio & Energy, best prices in USA, Box 215,
     Kootenai, Idaho 83840  Also has solar panels and radios.
Flare gun - $80, shells $11 from Phoenix Systems Inc.
Flashlight, incandescent, plastic, cheap -  Any dept.store $2
Flashlight, incandescent, plastic, good quality - Any store $6
Fluorescent lantern - Wal-Mart Ray-O-Vac $20
Gas  valve  shut-off wrench, domestic $5.29 from  Preparededness  Products  or
     $8.50 from Emergency Lifeline
Generator  flashlight  - $7  from   S.I. Outdoor, Food, &  Equipment,  P.O.Box
     3796, Gardena,CA 90247 orders 1-800-533-7415, questions (213)324-8855  or
     324-8859
Gunsafe, suitable for storing sidearms, $70 at most gun stores
Gunsafe, suitable for longarms, $150 at gun stores, $110 on sale at BEST Store
Hassock style portapotty - $40 from SI
Immersion heater - used $25 from  Bob Lewis Army Surplus or new $80 Graingers
Instant cold pack - Walgreens $2 on sale
Instant hot pack - $7.95/6 Cabela's, or $2 at Walgreens
Iodine  generator  -  crystalline "Polar Pure"  $8.49   Indiana  Camp  Supply,
     P.O.Box 211, Hobart,IN 46342 (21)947-2525 
     ***This item could be produced for $2 each in lots of 50***
Katadyn water filter - $180 (1987 price sheet) Kootenai Radio & Energy Systems
Box 215 Kootenai,Idaho 83840 (they sell US
     distributor direct and are the least expensive source in the US for  many
     radio, solar, & survival supplies)    
Kearney  Diet - See Nuclear War Survival Skills, approx. $250 for  badult/year
     depending on type of packing (a discount from 30-70% for large quantities)
Krypton  bulb  - $3 for standard or alkaline batteries, $6 for  ni-cads,  (per
     pair) Spartan Supply box 310 Hixson,TN 37343 1-800-251-3904
Mace - common non-lethal temporary anti-personal spray $15/unit
Maglite (3 D cells) - Wal-Mart $20, Spartan Supply $16
Matches, water resistant - 96 boxes/$20 BW trading,box 692, Newark,OH 43055
Matches, life boat - 25 matches per vial, 5 vials/$10, Brigade Quartermasters,
     1025 Cobb International Blvd., Kennesaw, GA 30144-4300 orders  1-800-228-
     7344, (BQ never has the lowest price, but in MANY cases they have quality
     equipment that can be found no where else)
Metal garbage can - Builder's Square $9, or other hardware store
Morman 4 - approx. $200 for adult/yr.(discount on large orders)
Morman 4 + 40 - approx. $300 per adult/year    (ditto)
MRE - 50/$150 from Sierra  Supply, Box 1390, Durango,CO 81302
MR8 - 50/$130 from Brigade Quartermasters
Nuclear War Survival Skills $10.95 each, or $80.00 for 10, plus postage  (10%)
Oregon Institute of Science and Medicine,
     P.O.Box 1279, Cave Junction,OR    (503)592-4142
Oak Ridge Laboratory Hazard-mitigating house plans - 1,200, 1,400, or 3,400 sq
     ft  set  of  blueprints  $25  from  TACDA  The  American  Civil   Defense
     Assoc.Box 1057 Starke,FL 32091 (904)964-5397 phone, (904)964-9641 FAX
Plastic, 5 mil, Rolls - various sizes, $10-30, any hardware store
Portable sink - $30 Cabela's or Preparedness Products
PVC - Any plumbing supply store, price is relative to diameter
Rope, polyester - 50ft. 3/16" (#6) $4 any good hardware store
"solar" shower - $17 Cabela's
"space blanket" - See Aluminized mylar
"space" sleeping bag - See Aluminized mylar
Tarp,  polyethylene - 5'x7' $3, 6'x8' $4, 8'x'10' $7, 8'x12' $8, 10'x12'  $10,
     10'x18' $15, 10'x30' $24, 12'x18' $18, 14'x24' $27, 15'x 30' $36, 20'x20'
     $32  20x40'  $64, 26'x 40' $84, 40'x40' $128, 50'x50' $200  Pool  Surplus
     P.O.Box 370 Benton,AR 72015
Tarpurethane,  coated  nylon, double seams, triple folded sides -  5'x7'  $18,
     7'x9'  $25, 8'x10' $32 Indiana Camp Supply
Tents,  used  with no poles or tent stakes  - 12' x 15'  $200,  17'  octagonal
     $250, 16' x 32' $350, 18' x 50' $500 Bob Lewis Army Surplus, Rt. 19,  Box
     162, Lebanon,MO 65536 (417)532-9657   9 miles south on Highway 5
Tents,  new with poles & floor, no stakes - 12' x 14' $635, 16' x  18'  $1.015
     B&B  Gun Sales, Rt. 2, Box 244, Groesbeck,TX 76642  (817)729-2631,  other
     sizes also available.
Trioxane  fuel tabs - $1.50 a box, discount for larger orders  Infinity  Self-
     Reliance Center, Box 382, Columbia,MO 65205
Uberlebens Nahrung - not available in the USA
Videotape, Fast Food Storage, - $7.00 from Preparedness Products
Videotape,  Nuclear War Survival Skills-  1-4 371 minutes $30 each or set  for
     $95   Oregon Institute of Science and Medicine, Box 1279, Cave  Junction,
     OR 97523
Videotape, Practical Preparedness - 64 minutes $30 from TACDA
Videotape,  Soviet  Civil Defense 1-7 - 624 minutes - $30 each, set of  7  for
     $145  Available from and 1989 Copywright by OREGON INSTITUTE  OF  SCIENCE
     AND MEDICINE   P.O.Box 1279, Cave Junction, Oregon 97523 (503)592-4142
Water  bag, 5 gal with tap, box, human waste bag and disinfectant - 5 for  $29
     Preparedness  Products 80 So. Redwood Road - Suite 215, North  Salt  Lake
     City Utah 84054  (801)292-3481 292-3483






APPENDIX #4
                ADDITIONAL INFORMATION RESOURCES

     BBSs  (computerized "Bulletin Board System" accessible via and  computer,
modem, and phone line)
     Literally  thousands of pages of additional information are available  at
no   charge   by  calling  with  computer/modem,   KEN'S   SURVIVALISTS'   BBS
300/1200/2400  bps 24 hours per day, 7 days per week (except  for  maintenance
routines)  at  (314)821-2815.   All  brands  of  computers  are  welcome  with
adjustable  characters per line and lines per page or continuous  readout  for
all  monitors.  All text files can be "TYPE"d with adjustable line  length  or
downloaded  with  any of eight different protocols  (seven  with   intelligent
error correcting).
     ExecuNet is a BBS service, prices start at $25/yr, in Illinois which  has
most of the files found on Ken's Survivalists' plus other files of interest to
survivalists.  Many  of  ExecuNet's additional files can  be  found  on  Ken's
Survivalists' under the <N>ews area under ExecuNet Files.
     Please  check with ExecuNet for latest listing. is a full service  system
with  6 simultaneous phone line abilities at (618)397-4569, via  P.C.  Pursuit
service at (618)451-5074, and in St. Louis, MO at (314) 772-9409.

MAGAZINES & NEWSLETTERS
     Here are some newsletters and magazines of interest to survivalists. 
     DIRECTIONS   -  monthly   newsletter  of  LIVE  FREE,   $15.00  year,$200
lifetime   -  12/yr.    Box 1743 Harvey,IL 60426  LIVE  FREE  is  Jim  Jones's
organization and has been around for over 25 years.  Articles cover all areas,
mostly  member submitted ,emphasis is on do it yourself and small group.  Once
you  are  a member you can also purchase the LIVE FREE  papers  and  booklets.
LIVE FREE sponsors many seminars and get-to-gethers every year.
     SELF  RELIANCE  GROUP  -  monthly newsletter,  $10/yr  1355  N.  McCarran
Reno,NV 89512, mostly reprints from ASG, and other sources.
     THE LIGHT SPECTRUM - $18/6 issues/yr.  Box 215 Kootenai, Idaho 83840  THE
SOURCE for info on solar panels and communications
     SURVIVAL  TOMORROW  -  $48/12  issues/yr.  p.o.box  910  Merlin,OR  97532
Homestead and do it your self oriented.  Very good.
     USEFUL  INFORMATION  - $20/6 issues Box 3132 West Palm  Beach,  FL  33402
Excellent,  from woodsman, civil defense advocate David Lobdell.   Also  sells
booklets How to build a 20 person permanent concrete fallout shelter for under
$2,000. - $6, and How to live through a nuclear war - $16
     FIGHTING  CHANCE  - $60/12 issues/yr. Box 1279 Cave  Junction,  OR  97523
Emphasis on steel-walled blast shelters.
     AMERICAN  SURVIVAL  GUIDE  (ASG) - $22/12 - $39/24,  12  issues  per  yr.
McMullen  Publishing,  P.O.Box 15690, Santa Ana,CA 92705-0690  Large  magazine
covering  all  areas, tends to cater favorably to advertisers in  its  product
review.
     JOURNAL  OF  CIVIL  DEFENSE - $18/yr. $34/2 yrs. 6  issues/yr.  Box  1057
Starke,  FL 32091 THE AMERICAN CIVIL DEFENSE ASSOCIATION's (TACDA)  bi-monthly
magazine. THE civil defense advocate magazine!  Sells blueprints for  shelters
and banked earth houses.
     THE  TACDA ALERT - $8/6 issues/yr. TACDA's newsletter. You can  get  both
newsletter and magazine with $35/yr membership.
     AUSTRALASIAN SURVIVOR - $18(US$)/4 issues/yr Box 11, Dickson A.C.T.  2602
Australia   Emphasis on on free enterprise, tool making, black smithing,  hand
built milling machines, etc.
     SPECIAL  REPORT SERVICE - $49(US$) Periodic reports from Bruce Silbey  on
various  civil  defense  topics. Available from  JOURNAL  OF  PRACTICAL  CIVIL
DEFENSE,  11 Newport Creent, Waddington, Lincolnshire, LN5 9LZ, England.   His
excellent book SURVIVING DOOMSDAY is available from here at $15 US.






             Back issues of now defunct newsletters
Duncan Long's newsletters, last 12 issues $1.50 each, available from LIVE FREE
Practical  Civil  Defense - Bruce Silbey's  old  magazine.  $63(US$ ppd.)
   for  all three years  VERY authoritative! Excellent resource for  nuclear
   war preparedness. (see SPECIAL REPORT SERVICE for address)
Personal Survival Letter - Mel Tappan's old newsletter available from  SI
Foresight - Dick Oster's old newsletter available from LIVE FREE.
   There are many other survivalist newsletters but these are the most  widely
read.















The Survivalist Pledge                          from LIVE FREE INTERNATIONAL


      To help all that can be helped,
      To defend all that can be defended,
      To save all that can be saved,
      To free all that seek freedom,
      To stay alive as long as I can and stay free as long as I live.


























 APPENDIX #5


              VARIOUS SURVIVALISTS' PACKS AND LISTS

     A  favorite activity of survivalists is to compile checklists  of  needed
supplies.  Here are some of the better checklists that I have senn.
                  ------------------------------------------
                                 BESTLIST.TXT
The Best Survival Kit We Have Seen   By: Steven D. Ramseur 17
Feb, 1990 From: Daniel C. Friend,
"The American Survival Guide"    Vol. 12, No. 3, 3/90, p 30

Inventory for Basic Individual Survival Kit

    Shelter and Warmth                               Water                               
                                                                      
"Emergency" space blanket   Heavy plastic water bag, Zip-loc,           
Heavy plastic trash bag, 2.5 mil  1 gal, 2.7 mil freezer bag                  
50 parachute cord, 25 ft.      Iodine based water purification tabs        
                                  Large cotton bandana or bandage for filtering

    Heat, Light, and Signaling   First Aid               
                                                            
"9 hour" candle                     Clean cotton bandana or 
waterproof matches and case            triangular bandage         
2 birthday candles for fire   Hemostats                 
  starting                          Flexible fabric Band-aids
Throw-away butane lighter   Handiwipes                
Magnesium fire starter              Insect repellant   
Card type magnifying glass   Aspirins or Tylenol      
Police whistle on lanyard    Mole skin or mole foam   
Stainless steel signal mirror        Pepto Bismol             
AA or AAA flashlight                 
Surveyor's marking tape, 50 ft                          Direction Finding        
3x5 index cards and pen                                                      
                                        Good quality liquid filled compass
            Knives and Tools                                                 
                                                                             
Swiss Army knife or Leatherman tool           General                  
Knife sharpener                                                        
Hemostats                               Mosquito head net                
Small "ignition point" file             Safety pins, 2 large, 4 medium   
Sharpened 6" piece of hacksaw blade     Telephone change                 
4" heavy duty sewing needle             Snare wire, brass or copper      
6 heavy duty rubber bands               Survival Cards                   

This  kit will fit into a large sized shaving kit, which is an excellent  item
to carry it in.

Additional items to include along with your pack
Individual serving of canned food, sardines or spaghetti, etc
A detailed map of the area you will be in
Separate first aid kit, including any needed prescription drugs
A small transistor radio
Extra pair of eye glasses in unbreakable case





                    Inventory of suuplimentation Kit
This  is  a  supplementary kit of the same size (but  different  to  carry  in
addition to the primary kit when possible.

        First Aid                              Shelter and Warmth       
4 3"x3" sterile gauze pads        4'x7' poly blanket or second space
1 roll 2" Kling bandage                   blanket for overhead shelter     
Trial size antihistamine tablets      Second "9 hour" candle           
Blister Pack of throat lozenges       Another 25' of 550 parachute cord
Blister Pack of Pepto Bismol              Another disposable butane lighter
Neosporin antibiotic ointment                                            
Extra safety pins                       Food and Water       
6 flexible fabric band-aids              2 tins of sardines           
                                      Heavy duty nylon spoon       
         Signaling                     Snare wire                   
 Spare batteries for flashlight       Another mosquito head net    
                                      Iodine water purification tabs
                                      Another plastic water bag    

     The important thing to remember about this kit is that it can't help  you
if it's not with you. Take it in the car, take it on vacation, carry it on the
plane  with  you,  take  it on the boat with you, in  other  words,  don't  go
anywhere without it.
     The supplemental kit will help make things more comfortable, so carry  it
when  you can, but remember, this kit is designed to save your life, not  make
you very comfortable. Resist the temptation to overload it with comfort  items
(mainly food) as this will make it more bulky. You will then tend to leave  it
behind.  Food is NOT an essential item for many days. The small amount of high
calorie food included is primarily cut to cut your hunger enough so  that  you
can think clearly.
     As Daniel C. Friend says in the article, "Survival is 10% knowledge,  10%
Equipment, and 80% attitude".

               -----------------------------------------------
                                  CARLIST.TXT
Here is a list of what I have rattling around in the trunk of my car. - Ken S.
   Misc. loose stuff
 Jumper Cables
 Wool Blanket
 Poncho
 "Space" blanket(aluminized mylar)
 "Space" sleeping bag
 Plastic reinforced tarp w/grommets, one side camo, other side aluminized mylar
 Large Screwdriver
 Vice-grips
 Leather work gloves
 Magnesium bar/flint
 KA-BAR knife
 Box of heavy trash bags.
 Spare fans belts, fuel filter, oil filter, oil, wiper blades
 Machete
 Folding shovel/pick
 Ground cloth (4 mil plastic drop cloth)
 Spinner wrench
 Halon fire extingusher
 Fix-a-flat
 Hand pump
 Starter fluid
 Tow rope w/hooks
 12 volt DC spot light, flouresent light, and work light (magnetic mount)
 Plank of wood  (to use under car jack on soft ground)
 Tire pump, tire gauge
 Parka  with  2 pr. gloves, wristlets (sock with toe removed to cover  up  the
       wrist  between  glove  and sleeve), wool  scarf,  pen,  pencil,  paper,
       handkerchief 
 cheapo $9.95 style 40 pc. socket set english and metric
 1 gal. of water
 Wood for splints
 Flares
 Butane lighter

       Medical kit (13" X 10 1/2" X 2 1/4" box)
 Cotton swabs
 Fever Themometer
 "Kling" rolled gauze 4" X 5 yards
 80 assorted strip and spot band-aids
 4 pr. disposable gloves
 Cylume sticks 1 red, 1 yellow
 Wet-proof adhesive tape 1/2" X 10 yards
 Paper adhesive tape 1/2"  5 yards
 4 oz. drinking water, retort pack
 Eye bath cup (1 Tblspn capacity)
 Neosporin (antibiotic cream)
 6 - 2" X 3" pads
 7 - 2" X 3" adhesive pads
 4 - Butterfly closures
 5 - 1 1/2" X 2" pads
 10 - 3" X 4" adhesive pads
 7 - 4" X 4" pads
 5 - 2" X 3" Biolclusive dressings
 1 - triangle bandage
 12 - safety pins
 2 - 2 gal. zip-loc bags
 1 - Cold compress, crush to activate type
 Pump style snake venom remover
 TRIAGE - EMERGENCY CARE HANDBOOK 191 pages 7" x 9"
 Vial of Boric Acid Powder (1/64 tsp. of B(OH)3 to 1 Tbl. water for eyewash)
 Vial of Alchohol
 Vial of Hydrogen Peroxide
 Vial of Witch Hazel
 Vial of Dr. Orient's electrolyte replacement formula (dry)

Contents of 1 - 15" X 5 1/2" X 11" mortar box or 2 - 7" X 5 1/2" X 11" 50 cal.
boxes (weight of mortar box 7.625 pounds, contents 10.625 lb., 18.25 lb.)
 Wool Balaclava (pullover for head and neck)
 G.I. leather/fabric mittens long wrist w/ wool liner gloves
 Israeli gas mask w/filter
 Wool socks
 8 oz. butterscotch
 Wire saw
 Ontario pilot knife w/ sheath and stone
 Dental floss, waxed (50 yd.) and unwaxwd (200 yd.)
 3" X 5" signal mirror
 Dental floss handle
 Funnel w/filter paper holder
 Filter paper (fast and slow)
 Pocket purifier water straw
 Cylume sticks, 12 hr. 2-red, 2-yellow, 1-green
 5 feet glow in the dark string
 Toothbrush
 Vial of Iodine crystals
 pocket knife
 multi-sizing wrench
 5 pr. disposable gloves
 one dozen balloons
 Potassium Iodide
 Magnesium bar w/flint insert
 box of waterproof matches
 6 ft. tape ruler
 Whistle w/lanyard
 Folding camper's stove with 2 packs of hexamine
 "space" blanket
 "Dynamo" flashlight (hand squeezed generator flashlight)
 500 aspirin
 5 sticks gum
 36 - 100mg caffeine tablets
 3 - survival candles 2"D X 3/4" in metal cup
 1 lb. baking soda
 Butane lighter
 7:1 block and tackle w/ 60 feet of rope
 4 - 2 gal. zip-loc bags

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                  HOUSELST.TXT
HOUSEHOLD ITEMS                                                       
---------------                        MEDICAL SUPPLIES               
AM/FM Radio / Solar Powered            ----------------               
Baking Soda                            Hydrogen Peroxide              
Batteries / Large & Small              Multi-vitamins/Aminos/Vitamin C
Beef Jerky                             Stitching Kit (for serious cuts)
Blankets                               First Aid Kit                  
Booze & Beer                           Penicillin if available        
Bottled Water                          Snake Bite Kit                 
Boullion Cubes                         Pain Killer (Tylenol, Advil etc)
Candles                                                               
Canned Foods / all kinds               CLOTHING ITEMS                 
Coffee                                 --------------                 
Decks of Cards                         Fatigues                       
Feminine Pads                          Hiking Boots                   
Fix-A-Flat                             Rain Gear                      
Flashlights                                                           
Garden Hose                            SURVIVAL ITEMS                 
Garden Supplies                        --------------                 
Ice Chests                             Air Compressor / DC power source
Knives                                 Backpacks                      
Light Bulbs                            Battery Charger                
Lighter Fluid                          Binoculars                     
Matches / Lighters                     Canteen                        
Needles & Thread                       CB Radio                       
Notebooks                              Campstove / Fuel               
Pens/Pencils                           Chain Saws                     
Plastic Bags / Garbage Sacks           Coleman Lantern / Fuel         
Pots / Pans / Silverware               Elecrical Wire                 
Rags (cloth)                           Fishing Gear                   
Sardines                               Gasoline / 5 Gallon Plastic Cans
Scissors                               Gun Oil                        
Soap / Shampoo                         Guns & Ammo                    
Spam and other canned meats            Inflatable Raft                
Spices                                 Lamps - 12V                    
Suntan Lotion                          Machette                       
Tang & Vitamin C                       Magnesium Fire Starter         
Tape / Duct & Electrical               Maps                           
Tea                                    Oil                            
Thermos                                Ammunition Reloaders & Supplies
Toilet Paper                           Rope                           
Tools                                  Scuba Gear                     
Water pump/purifying filters           Seeds - All kinds              
WD-40                                  Tent & sleeping bag(s)         
                                       Water Purifier Tablets         

 This  represents a list that you can fill all, or part of, depending on  your
needs and requirements.  Print the list and put a check-mark next to each item
as you store it away.  Don't try to fill this in a few weeks, but just try  to
get  at least 1 item per week, store it away, and then go on to next. Some  of
the  items are common sense, things that you should have in your house  anyway
in case of emergency or need.  Others are more "hard-core" and you may opt not
to purchase it - in that case, line through the item.  - Mike McCormick
Downloaded from ExecuNet 618-345-4108 (5 lines/2400bps - Online since 1979)














































APPENDIX #6
    The following are notes from a lecture on water.

    The problems associated with water are acquisition, purification, and
transportation OR get, good, and go.

FACTS
  1 gallon of water weighs 8 1/3 pounds and is 231 cu. in. about 6 1/8" cube
  1 liter of water weighs 1 kilogram and is 1 cubic decimeter

ACQUISITION SOURCES - RAIN, DEW, STREAM OR POOL, GROUND WATER (DIGGING)

PURIFICATION  All water is good to drink, it is the extras that can kill you
 -BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
     PHYSICAL REMOVAL - ULTRAFILTER or CONDENSATION
     KILLING ORGANISMS - BOILING or CHEMICAL
 -ORGANIC HAZARDS
     ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER or
     DISTILLATION *IF* 212 degrees isn't the boiling point of the hazard
 -INORGANIC  HAZARDS  (WILD WEST ADAGE, IF SLIME CAN DRINK IT SO CAN  YOU,  not
                      true due to biological contamination)
     pH ADJUSTMENT AND FILTERING
     ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER

ELECTROLYTES, you have to either replace lost electrolytes or die.

PRETREATMENT  All water purification will work better and allow your equipmnet
to last longer if you get rid of as much mechanical solids as possible.
  Cheap paper filters
  shirt, socks, pants, screen, Kearney bucket

  Absorbtion = incorporate
  Adsorbtion = block/stick

    Once you have your water, you need to purify it to make sure that it is
not contaminated with material that will cause sickness or death.  The most
common contaminants are
BIOLOGICAL - SOME THING THAT IS ALIVE AND HARMFUL
  E.  Colii  -  As the Infectious Disease specialist said, If shit  were  red,
                we'ld be living in a rose colored world.

ORGANIC TOXIN - SOMETHING THAT CAME FROM A LIVING CREATURE AND IS HARMFUL
   Venom, vitamin A, cyanide, micotoxins, etc.

INORGANIC TOXIC - SOME ELEMENT OR COMPOUND THAT IS TOXIC
   Berylium, cadmium, aluminum, arsenic, methyl mercury, lead, etc.

    The most common methods of water purification are boiling, adding
disinfectants, and various types of filtering.
    Most biological hazards consist of naturally occuring bacteria and other
organisms.

BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
*   METHODS 
        K  KILL THE ORGANISM with a toxin that can kill all forms of life.
        M  MECHANICALLY REMOVE THE ORGANISM from the water
K   BOILING.  Boiling water for one minute will kill all bacteria.  However,
since additional various organisms that are harmful and commonly found in
water are not bacteria, 15 to 20 minutes of boiling is needed to kill these
other organisms to give you sterile water.


M&K   DISTILATION.  Distilation is the most reliable method for obtaining pure
water as the resulting water is sterile, soft, nuetral in pH and removes
all other contaminates as well.  If the distiller does not have some sort of
system that preheats the water to remove various gases, the various gases can
be collected in the distillate if all boiled off contaminants are not purged
by running steam through the condensor at the begining of the batch.
K   DISINFECTANTS.  The most common disinfectant is chlorine.  Chlorine is a
poisonous gas and hazardous to handle.  Two safer forms of chlorine are common
household bleach which is a 5.25% solution of sodium hypoclorite, and dry pool
chorine ("burn out" or "shock treatment) which is 65% calcium hypoclorite.  Dry
pool chlorine can be used to make a solution that is the same concerntration as
household bleach, 24.5 grams (about 10 Tablespoons) of powder in 1 gallon of
water.  This mixing MUST be done in a very well ventilated area and stored in
an air tight enclosure since it gives off enough chlorine gas to cause
problems.  The most effective gas attacks in WW1 were done with chlorine gas.
Please note that many bleaches state, "not for human consumption."
If the listed ingrediants contains anything other than sodium hypochlorite,
avoid it.  If it contains ONLY sodium hypochlorite, it is okay.  For water
purification use 5.25% hypochorite solution in the following  mixes
 Volume      clear water 1:5,000   cloudy water 1:2,500
 1 Quart     2 drops               4 drops
 1 Gallon    8 drops               16 drops
 5 gallons   1/2 tsp.              1 tsp.
   Allow at least 30 minutes for the chlorine to kill all microorganisms.
  Tuberculosis organisms are the only organism that is resistant to chlorine.
 Use a 1 to 10 solution for cleaning instruments and surfaces.  Do NOT use
hypochlorite solutions for irrigating wounds (as was done in WW1) as the
hypochlorite dissolves blood clots.
   Iodine is extremely toxic.  One source of iodine are the solid crystals.
 How to use iodine to sterilize water.  Put 4-8 grams of iodine crystals in a
1 oz. glass jar (must have glass or bakelite stopper otherwise the iodine will
react with the plastic or metal stopper and destroy it.)  Actually 0.1 gram is
adequate for the job, but using a larger amount of iodine creates a saturated
solution much quicker.
  Put in 1 oz. (1 tablespoon or 3 teaspoons) of water (at least room
temperature, body temperature prefered).
  Close  stopper and shake for several minutes.  You now have a saturated
solution.  A saturated solution is when as much solid has disolved in a liquid
as it can.
  Carefully pour off 10ml (10cc, 2 teaspoons) of the saturated solution.
REMEMBER, the iodine crystals are VERY TOXIC!  The reason that adding more
water than needed is suggested is so that you need not tip the bottle over too
far thus spilling some crytals.
  Add the 10ml (2 teaspoons) of saturated solution to 1 liter (1.06 quart) of
water.
  Let  stand  at  least 15 minutes at 77 degrees F. or higher. Make sure all
of the interior surface including lid get treated.
       Another form of iodine is the familiar tincture of iodine which is 2%
iodine and 2% sodium iodide in alcohol.  Use 3-5 drops of tincture per quart of
clear water and 10 drops of tincure in cloudy water.  Please remember, very old
tincure or tincure that has been left unstoppered may have lost some of its
alcohol due to evaporation and whould have an excessive concentration of
iodine.
  *NOTE: Iodine is not very soluable in water, but VERY soulable in alcohol*
  Betadines are not suitable for water purification.  Betadine scrub should be
only used for cleaning intact skin as it is very toxic to tissues.  Betadine
solution when diluted 1:100 (3 drops per ounce of water) is suitable for
cleaning wounds.


M   FILTERING.  Only extremely sophisticated filters are precise enough to
remove micro organisms.  One device that is able to do this is the Katadyn
family of water filters from Switzerland.  It consists of a core of ceramic
material whose holes are so small that no living organism can pass through.
There are available synthetic woven filters for use in industry that are able
filter out micro-organisms.  Example, Coors beer is pastuerized by the micro
filtration process.
   Another type of filter is the 800 PSI reverse osmosis style filter, the
Survivor-06 from Phoenix Systems $525 will remove salt for 2 pints per hour.

ORGANIC TOXINS
   Many of these will be broken down by heat during the boiling of water or
boiled away if they evaporate below 212 degrees.
   NOTE  on  distillation.  If you have a sophiticated still and  put  in  the
water,  seal the still, and start the still - any toxin that boils  below  212
degrees is going to pass right through on the first minute of distillation.
INORGANIC HAZARDS
   Toxic substances like arsenic, various heavy metals, aluminum, salt etc. are
a less common hazard.  They can be found however in water near mining sites and
in areas that have alkaline lakes.  A lack of normal plant growth around a
water source or unusually colored algae are frequently signs of abnormal pH or
unusual contamination.
   Many of these toxins are only water soluable if the water has an unusual pH
factor.  That is these factors can only be in solution in the water if the
water is fairly acidic (low pH) or fairly alkaline (high pH).  Totally neutral
pH is 7 and most water sources will be between 5 and 8 in pH.  If you have the
papers to measure pH and add lyes or acids to the water to bring the pH within
a normal range, the metal may go out of solution and become a solid, but in
particles that are so small that they stay suspended in the water. Letting the
water set overnight will allow the particles to drop to the bottem, but since
they are so small pouring the water from the container might be enough to put
them back in suspension again.  A better method would be to filter the
neutralized water.  A microfiltration filter could be used for this, but even
common laboratory filter papers would remove most of the precipitated solids,
even though common filter paper is not fine enough to filter out biological
hazards.  Many inorganics are highly reactive and are adsorbed by dirt or
activated carbon filters.
   Some inorganic hazards like asbestos fibers are mechanically hazardous, any
filtration method will remove this items.  If no filters are available, just
letting the water stand still for several hours or overnight with help reduce
contamination. Siphoning water off of the top of standing water is the best way
to remove the water as pouring the container will kick up the sediment again.
   A NOTE ON LABORATORY FILTER PAPERS
   These filters should be used to prefilter any water that you are going to
treat.  They aren't suitable for an entire process, but their removal of
larger contaminants improves preformance of disinfectants and extends the
working life of microfiltration units.  Filter papers come in various speeds.
The faster the speed of the paper, the less that is filtered out.  Filter
papers are very inexpensive, lightwieght and compact.  For maximum effect you
can prefilter water through a fast filter and then put that water through a
slow filter.
   ORGANIC HAZARDS
   These substances can be removed via activated carbon filters.  An item to
note about activated carbon filters: water or moisture in the carbon filters
is a breeding ground for biological organisms.  Many filters are doped with
silver compounds to prevent or retard organism growth.
    Note never pour hot water through activated carbon.  Also, powdered
activated carbon is more likely to release it toxin content.
  Hartz Mountain 191 grams ~6 oz $2 dusty in cardboard box
VRP 300 grams ~10 oz $10 (three month supply) very low dust, in sealed plastic
bottle

   SOIL FILTERS
   The book NUCLEAR WAR SURVIVAL SKILLS, in addition to having good information
on water storage and transporation, has an excellent design for a water filter
based on a bucket, gravel, towels and clayey soil (4" down).  page 71-74
   This device will buffer the pH (assuming normal soil) and adsorb 99% of
radioactivity.  It produces 6 quarts of water/hour initially and 2 quarts an
hour after several hours of use.  If you get 1 quart/ 10 minutes you need to
repack the soil. Buy shaving off 1/2" of the 6-7" soil stack every time the
filter clogs, you can get 50 quarts out before a complete soil change is
needed.

ELECTROLYTES
   Nutshell          single dose        storage ratios for 300 quarts
  Lite salt            1 teaspoon       5 - 11 oz. tubes of Morton Lite Salt
  Baking soda          1/3 teaspoon     one pound box
  sugar                10 teeaspoons    25 pound sack
  water                1 quart
    
          ELECTROLYTE AND FLUID REPLACEMENT
For those that do not subscribe to the FIGHTING  CHANCE newsletter P.O.Box
1279, Cave Junction,Oregon 97523  $60/12 issues/year  or haven't purchased the
Medical Preparation video tape by Dr. Jane Orient  (president of Doctors for
Disaster Preparedness) $29.50 from same address, here is a good little life
saver that you might be interested in.
One teaspoon of "Lite Salt"(by Morton, 1/2 iodized potassium chloride, 1/2 
sodium chloride in a blue cylinder), 1/3 teaspoon of baking soda (sodium 
bicarbonate), 10 teaspoons of table sugar (sucrose), and one quart of water.
That happens to be a life saving fluid replacement and partial electrolyte 
expiedent replacement.  At least it is expiedent if you have had the foresight
to purchase the above three items BEFORE an emergency happens while it is 
readily available and very cheap.  Many people die in times of emergency 
because of fluid losses.  This can be from burns, vomiting, or diarrhea.  The 
body needs water and certian water souluable chemicals to function.  If either
or both of these drop below a certian level, you die.  There are many non-fatal
diseases like cholera that become fatal due to lack of simple things like 
proper fluid replacement.  If you have ever had a bad case of diarrhea and 
start to have pain in your muscles or joints, congratulations, you have had the
early warning symptoms of a potassium deficiency. 
    Bananas are very high in potasium.
    For ease of purchasing the items for Dr. Orient's formula, Morton Lite
Salt comes in a 11 oz. light blue cylinder.  Baking soda a 1 or 4 pound box.
Sugar 5, 10, or 25 pound sack.  To make approximately 300 quarts of the
solution you need 5 - 11 oz. units of Morton's Lite salt, 1 - 1 pound box of
baking soda, and 25 pounds of sugar.
     FIGHTING CHANCE is a great publication for those that are installing 
blast/fallout shelters.  It also is the place that tells you where to buy 
ventilators for $20 that other places charge $245.00 and in this month they 
tell you where to purchase 12-120 volt AC/DC PM motor generators for $12 that 
other survival stores sell for $100-275. 


TOXIN STORAGE IN THE BODY
   Most in fat cells, rapid fat burning without adequate water can cause
kidney damage

HOW MUCH WATER IS ENOUGH?  enough to keep your urine a normal color and smell

  One exercise fitness center recommends
  1/2 oz water per 1 pound body weight (sedentary) (me ~= 3 quarts)
  3/4 oz water per 1 pound body weight (athletic) (me ~= 4 quarts)

   In the dessert under heavy labor you might go through 2-5 gallons/day
  Sweating = losing water + losing electrolytes

   No activity in a cool cave 1 quart a day might be all you need short term
with no bathing or food preparation needs.

   In preparing for an earthquake, storing one gallon per person per day is  a
good  goal.   Balance  this  with  the  percieved  difficutly  in   obtaining,
transporting, and purifying water from available non-utility or relief  effort
sources.

TRANSPORTATION
   Page 67 of NWSS plastic trash sack inside pillowcase or burlap sack.
   Canteens,  plastic,  steel, aluminum (aluminum + halide based  tablets  can
produce toxins)
   Water bags of aluminized mylar and boxes
   Polycarbonate jugs
   Folding bags with handles










































APPENDIX #7
                         WHAT A HOMEOWNER SHOULD KNOW
    Notes on preparing a house for an earthquake.
    THE MOST IMPORTANT SINGLE ITEM - securing the hot water to prevent it from
toppling  over.  This saves your inline water storage, prevents water  damage,
and prevents possible fire or explosion.
    NEXT (in terms of easy to do) secure tall bookcases, cabinets, etc to  the
walls to prevent them falling over.
    The most important for saving the total house is to make sure that the mud
sills  are  bolted  down  to  the  foundation.   If  you  have  cripple   wall
construction  sheeting  needs  to  be  applied  to  the  cripple  wall.    See
the books below for size and spacing of bolts.
    Books to read:
    Nuclear  War  Survival  Skills is a good basic eduction  on  how  to  live
without  utilities.
    What used to be the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute now has its
publications available from the Center for Environmental Design Research, 390
Wurster Hall, University of California, Berkeley,CA 94720 (415)642-2896.  The
catalog Publications in Print, is free.  Only pages 51-62 concern seismic
hazards.  All publications are sold at cost and shipped book rate at no
additional charge. For 1st class mailing add $3 per book or $6 per for
overseas.  If your house is simple wood frame you'll want to order Earthquake
Hazards and Wood Frame Houses: What you should know and Can Do, CEDR-02-82 for
$6.00.  If you buy just one book, make it that one.  Other books for frame
housing are, An Earthquake Advisor's Handbook CEDR-03-82, $7.00 and perhaps
Architectural Planning and Design Concerns for the Performance, Repair and
Retrofit of Existing Building, CEDR-WP01-85 $3.00.  If you have a masonry
(structural) house there are quite a few books you might want.  Seismic
Strengthening of Unreinforced Masonry Buildings - A Design and Cost Guide for
Architects and Engineers, CEDR-04-07 $10 (or $12 with diskette of Lotus 1-2-3
overlay for cost estimation), Unreinforced Masonry Seimic Strengthening
Workshop and Cost Analysis, CEDR-01-87 $12, Masonry as a Ductile Material:
Traditional and Contemporary Construction Practices Utilizing Unreinforced
Masonry in Seismic Areas, CEDR-R06-87 $3, Traditional Masonry and Contemporary
Reinforced Concrete Frame in Infill Wall Construction in Seismic Areas,
CEDR-R01-87 $3, Bond Iron and the Birth of Anti-Seismic Reinforced Masonry
Construction in San Francisco, CEDR-R01-86, $2.75, The Uses of Masonry in
Earthquake Zones: A perspective on Traditional and Contempory Construction
Practices Utilizing Unreinforced Masonry CEDR-WP05-87 $5.25, A History of
Reinforced Masonry construction Designed to Resist Earthquakes: 1755-1907,
CEDR-R02-84 $3.00, and Unreinforced Masonry Buildings: Seimic Behavior and
Renovation, CEDR-05-82 $10.50, whew.  Obviously a masonry structure, due to
its incresed weight and therefore amount of inertia is more difficult to
protect.
   Many of the suggestions on the frame house retrofit are moderately simple
like drilling holes in the sill (mud) board and foundation to add extra tie
down expansion bolts or attaching plywood pieces to cripple walls.  The rule
of thumb here is light frame house 1/2" bolts every 6', medium - 3/4" bolts
every 6', heavy - 3/4" bolts every 4', with a bolt no more than 12" from every
corner and no more than 12" from every board end.  The coverage of cripple
walls depends on several factors, see charts.  Other suggestions are a bit
extreme.  Few people will want to tear the interior wall facing off to
reinforce junctures and walls.  One thing to note.  A minor upgrade might not
save your house from being a wipeout in financial terms, but it might save
the lives of the people inside it.







                          GLOSSARY

2,  5, or 10 Meter HAM radios - You must be a licensed Amatuer Radio  Operator
     to run these units. The license only requires 5 words per minute in morse
     code (25 characters per minute) and some very basic radio theory.   Great
     choice of frequencies available, example 2 meter has 800 channels.
40  channel SSB CB - Citizen's Band radio (no licensing requirements) with  40
     channels in AM, 40 channels in Upper side band, and 40 channels in  Lower
     side  band.   Conventional CBs have just the 40 AM channels,  which  will
     probably be clogged in an emergency.  Note: when a channel is being  used
     in   the AM mode, the SSB channels can not be used.  conventionally,  the
     uppermost   (35+ or 30+) channels are reserved for SSB (single side  band
     usage)
45  ACP  revolver  and shotshells - 45 caliber pistol must  be  purchased  and
     registered  by  an individual.  Even with conventional ammo a  pistol  is
     only  useful as a short range weapon.  The use of shotshell converts  the
     pistol  into what amounts to a short range .410 shotgun and is ideal  for
     rodent,  snake,  and  small animal control.  A shotgun  is  unwieldy  and
     bulky.  The shotshell is also powerful enough to be useful in controlling
     criminals.
Activated  charcoal  filter  -  water filter  to  remove  chemically  reactive
     pollutants  and is most effective if the water has first  passed  through
     filter paper to reduce turbidity.
Aluminized   mylar  blanket  Ie."space  blanket"  -  Extremely   compact   and
     lightweight (though very noisy) mylar sheet that has been coated with  an
     waluminum  film which will reflect 80% of body heat, will not allow  wind
     to pass through.
Aluminized mylar sleeping bag  Ie. "space" sleeping bag - same as above but in
     the size and shape of a sleeping bag instead of a flat sheet.
AM/FM  radio - It would be nice if radio selection could be limited  to  units
     that  either use D cells or for which external D cell adaptors  could  be
     made.   This would reduce the need to inventory different  battery  sizes
     and  also  extend the number of hours of use of the unit  before  battery
     replacement  is  needed.  Unfortunately most D cell portable  radios  are
     large and expensive.  An excellent alternative is an AM/FM radio that has
     self  contained solar cells, hand powered generator, and integral  nickel
     cadmium batteries.
AM/FM/TV radio - As above but can receive the voice portion of VHF TV
Ammo  cans,  military - heavy, durable, air and watertight  steel  or  plastic
     boxes of all sizes and shapes.  Useful for storing all manner of items.
Audiotape,   How  to  Survive  a  Major  Earthquake,  32  minutes  -  a   good 
     introduction to the topic of earthquake preparedness
Brinkman (imitation Mag-Lite) - My experience with flashlights that look  like
     Mag-Lites but are a few dollars cheaper has been a disaster.  A waste  of
     money. 
Cap-stun - the best of many brands of non-lethal debilitating aerosol
Cyalume  sticks - a photochemical light source which, while not  very  bright,
     produce no heat or sparks during operation or activation and are  totally
     waterproof in storage, activation, and use.  Completely soft plastic with
     no sharp or hard edges and can't generate sparks by being bumped  against
     other materials.  Handy eyelet for attachment. There are 12 hour versions
     that  are fair for 2-3 hours and dim, but bright enough  for  identifiers
     for  the remaining time.  There are 1 hour or 30 minute versions where  a
     brighter  light  is needed for a short time.  Available  in  red,  green,
     blue, yellow, and white.
D cells standard - normal carbon zinc batteries.  Cheap, but prone to  leakage
     need to be rotated every few years.
D  cells alkaline - alkaline battery.  Cost more but less likely to  leak  and
     have a five year 80% charge life.
D  cells 20 year - a cell in which the chemical components are  isolated  from
     each other until the cap is twisted.  When activated, voltage & power  is
     similar to a standard D cell.
D cell nickel-cadmium - popular rechargeable battery.  Only puts out 1.2 volts
     per  cell (normal carbon-zinc or alkalines produce 1.5 volts).   Must  be
      recharged  frequently.   Acquires a charge limit if  not  fully  charged
     after  full  or partial discharge which can only be  normalized  by  full
     discharge      and full recharge.  Has a very sharp discharge slope.  Ie.
     when  it  starts let a light go dim, it goes out  quickly  whereas  other
     cells will continue to keep the light dim for a long time.
EMP - ElectroMagnetic Pulse - multifrequency radio wave capable of burning out
     solid  state  electronic components such as microchips  and  transistors.
     EMP is caused by nuclear explosions.  If the nuclear explosion is  inside
     the  atmosphere,  the  EMP  range is very  small.  If  the  explosion  is
     outside  the  atmosphere, the radiation strikes the  atmosphere  and  can
     create  the  EMP wave thousands of miles from the  explosion.   One  well
     placed explosion in orbit above Omaha could knock out all  semiconductors
     from  L.A. to N.Y.  This would cause a greater loss of life and  property
     damage  than  a  bomb going off in a single city and might  be  the  next
     terrorist threat in the 21st century.  EMP will be picked up by any  item
     that can act like an antenna and conduct the EMP burst to equipment.   An
     EMP protector must be installed in series with  the antenna or power cord
     or  phone line of any radio, computer or other solid state  device  which
     might operate in a nuclear war environment.  Lightning protectors are not
     useful  against  EMP  as  the rise time of EMP  is  MUCH  faster  than  a
     lightning pulse.
Flare gun, shoots 26.5 mm NATO flares, 350' elevation, 6 sec. burn time
Flashligh, incandescent, plastic, cheap - assume 10% will break during use
Flashlight,  incandescent,  plastic,  good  quality  -  more  durable,  better
     lantern,  battery  operated which is much better than  flashlights  since
     they  produce  a  greater quantity of light with less  glare  and  better
     distribution than an incandescent at a lower drain rate on the batteries
Gas valve shutoff wrench - a wrench specially designed to turn off gas  valves
     in emergencies that will not cause dangerous sparks and will not  corrode
     if attached to the gas valve by rope to the gas valve or located near the
     gas valve under shrubbery if vandalism is likely, see Rope.
Generator  flashlight - you squeeze a lever which turns a dynamo, you have  to
     keep  pumping for light, they are cheap and will wear out under heavy  or
     careless use, unless you can find a true military model
Gunsafe, suitable for storing sidearms, opens with adjustable push button code
     approx 4"x8"x12" and useful for storing various items
Gunsafe,  suitable for longarms, opens with tubular key approx 1.5'x1'x4'  and
     useful for storing all sorts of items
Hassock  style portapotty - plastic drum with conventional toilet  seat,  more
     comfortable  than  box type but costs 5 times as much, can  be  used  for
     storing supplies when not in use
Immersion  heater  - kerosene powered water heater which is put  inside  metal
     garbage can, heats a lot of water very quickly to boiling
Instant cold pack - chemical pack that becomes cold upon activation
Instant  hot pack - many styles, most are single use either continuous or  can
     be put in air tight bag and "paused", costly ($20) style can be recharged
Iodine  generator, crystalline - this consists of a small glass bottle with  a
     lid  the  iodine won't dissolve, called a generator since you use  it  to
     create a saturated solution of iodine/water you add to a quart of  water,
     under normal temperatures it will sterilize the water in 20 minutes.
ISC  -  Infinity  Self-Reliance Center, P.O.Box 382,  Colummbia,MO  65205.   A
     training institution that can fabricate courses for anybody's educational
     needs.   Weekend  or week long courses are available  on  pupil  selected
     topics if a suuficient number of students want the same topic at the same
     time.
Katadyn water filter - based on a ceramic microfiltration core that is so fine
     no living organism is small enough to pass through including giardia
Kearney  Diet  -  the Morman 4 plus beans for better  amino  acid  balance  in
     proteins  and a source of oil for essential fatty acids both of which  is
     lacking in the Morman 4
Krypton  bulb  - produces a much brighter light than a  standard  incandescent
     bulb,  use  the krypton unit and save the normal flashlight  bulb  for  a
     spare
Mace,  or  tear  gas -  traditional  non-lethal  non-permanent  anti-personnel
     aerosols, there are better systems now available for the same price
Maglite  flashlights  (available in 2 AAA, 2 AA, 2,3,4,5,6,7  C,  2,3,4,5,6  D
     cells)  are made of machined aluminum and are more reliable  and  durable
     than  plastic flashlights though they are more expensive.  The  focus  of
     the  light  beam  is  adjustable from spot  to  flood.   While  they  are
     advertised as waterproof, I would not trust them to be explosion proof.
Matches,  water  resistant - should work if damp, but not wet.   They  need  a
     special striker surface to light in any case.
Matches,  life  boat  -  basically a heavy duty friction  match  dipped  in  a
     burnable varnish, when wet will light on any rough surface.
Metal  garbage can - suitable for use with immersion heater which  would  melt
     the bottom out of a plastic garbage can
Morman  4  -  survival rations developed by the Morman church  of  Latter  Day
     Saints  designed  for  economy and long shelf life,  consists  of  wheat,
     sugar, salt, and dried milk.
Morman  4 + 40 - the Morman 4 plus 40 rotated canned goods for improved  taste
     and variety
MRE - Meal Ready to Eat, retort packaged meal containing a full balanced  meal
     for  combat  soldier,  outer bag contains  separate  retorts  of  entree,
     crackers,  cheese, jelly, candy, cocoa mix, and fruit depending on  pack.
     All  packs contain accessory pack of toilet paper, pepper, salt,  chewing
     gum, spoon.   Can be stored up to ten years under ideal temperatures.
MR8  -  NATO  approved  compact  ration  bar  containing  minimum  daily  diet
     requirements.  Neutral tasting, it can be eaten with or without water  or
     heating.  It  can be made into porridge or crumbled  over  other  foods. 
     Each  pack contains four individually packed two part portion  with  1040
     calories.  The all vegtable source contains added sugar.  Protein  15.1%,
     Fats 14.9%, Carbo. 64.1%, Moisture 4.5%, Minerals 1.4%
Nuclear  War Survival Skills book, 1987 version 282 pages with index  -  While
     the main point of this book is to teach you what to do before, during and
     after  a nuclear war to survive, it is a great source of  information  on
     how to live without utilities for extended periods of time.  Unlike other
     survivalist books, the use and purchase of specialized survival equipment
     is  not  covered,  instead, it illustrates how  to  create  that  special
     equipment from readily available common household items.
Nu-Light - Yet another imitation Mag-Light. Junk.
Oak Ridge National Laboratory Hazard-mitigating house - a series of blueprints
     for  constructing 1,200 sg ft.,1,400 sq.ft, and 3,400 sq.ft.  underground
     houses that can be converted to blast/fallout shelters with sandbags  and
     railroad ties.
Plastic, 5 mil, Rolls - can be used to create tents, see Nuclear War  Survival
     Skills book for proper technique
Portable sink - black plastic 5 gal. water container that is a sink, stoppered
     drain, and pump faucet, being black it will heat up water if left in  the
     sun.
PVC - PolyVinyl Chloride pipe used in plumbing.  Available in 1", 2", 3",  4",
     6", 8".  Can be cut with a hacksaw to any desired.  Glue a cap on one end
     and a screw base on the other. Coat threads with thread sealant, screw in
     cap and you have a wonderful lightweight, rust proof, non-corroding,  air
     and  water  tight  container, that will last  for  decades,  for  storing
     survival goods either above or below ground.



Rope, polyester - The best rope to use to secure your emergency gas wrench  to
     your  gas  valve.   Unlike manila or sisal rope it won't  rot  when  left
     wet,and  it  is  less degraded by sunlight that  nylon  or  polypropylene
     ("poly")  rope. Rope is preferred over metal chain as metal  chain  could
     create  aspark.   Be  certain to leave plenty of slack  in  the  rope  to
     maneuver  the  wrench.  Storing the wrench in the basement isa  bad  idea
     because it may be inaccessible when needed.  Securing the rope is advised
     if theft is likely.  To reduce theft, melting instead of tying a knot  is
     advised.
"solar"  shower - 2.5 or 5 gallon bag that is insulated on one side with  foam
     and  reflective barrier and clear on the other side.  It will heat  water
     if  left in the sun.  Top has loops and rod for hanging from tree  branch
     and bottom has hose, valve, and shower head
"space blanket" - See Aluminized mylar
"space" sleeping bag - See Aluminized mylar
TANSTAAFL - There Ain't No Such Thing As A Free Lunch!
Tarps - poor man's tents running the gamut from worthless to Hurculean
Tents  - Used patched surplus Military tents are the best buy. You  get  twice
     the size at 1/2 the price of new tents. They ARE heavy, but very good.
Trioxane fuel tabs - easy to light, burns very hot, compact, smokeless fuel for
     heating rations but can not be stored long after opening original packet
Uberlebens Nahrung - Food powder formulated by Nestles for Swiss Civil Defense
     System.   Used  for  a beverage base, soup,  gruel,  or  paste.   Closest
     similar item available in the USA would be MR8s.
Videotape,  Nuclear War Survival Skills 1-4 - While most of these tapes  cover
     topics more appropriate for nuclear war or nuclear power accidents,  they
     do cover a lot of information on how to live without utilities.
     Tape 1: Expedient Blast and Radiation Shelters (102 minutes)
     Tape 2: Shelter Ventilation and Various Other Survival Skills (78 minutes)
     Tpae 3: Home-makeable & Commercial Fallout Radiation Meters (117 minutes)
     Tape 4: Nuclear War Facts as Told to Teenagers (74 minutes)
Videotape, Practical Preparedness - This is an EXCELLENT tape as it covers all
     aspects of what a home owner can do to live through a disaster  situation
     in  safety  and comfort.  If you view only one tape, make  it  this  one.
     Total time 64:00, Mains topics are heat, shelter, sanitation, food, water.
Videotape,  Soviet  Civil Defense 1-7 -  These tapes show the  very  extensive
     training  and  preparations being made by a culture that has a  very  low
     standard of living but devotes 2% of its Gross National Product to  Civil
     Defense.   It  not only teaches survival skills but also is  useful  when
     comparing   how  the  USSR,  the  Scandinavian  Countries,   Red   China,
     Switzerland, Israel, and the USA treat preparation for disaster.
         Here is what is on the back cover of the tapes:
     "Civil  defense  in  the Soviet Union is a $6 BILLION  per  year  defense
     effort  with 150,000 PAID PROFESSIONAL and 20 MILLION VOLUNTEERS  working
     to prepare Soviet citizens for civil defense procedures including the use
     of their $200 BILLION CIVIL DEFENSE SHELTER SYSTEM.  Little known in  the
     West,  Soviet  civil defense constitutes an entire branch of  the  Soviet
     military  and an important part of Soviet education with mandatory  civil
     defense courses beginning in the 5th grade.
        Now  the Oregon Institute of Science and Medicine,  which  distributes
     extensive  written,  audio, and video tape information on  civil  defense
     procedures  and  preparations, has produced this definative  seven  video
     tape  series  on   Soviet Civil Defense.   The  tapes  feature  extensive
     information from the leading American authority on Soviet civil  defense,
     Dr.  Leon Goure, 15 actual Soviet civil  defense training filmstrips  for
     adult  training, and 2  filmstrips prepared for use in Soviet  5th  grade
     classes. With English translations in the soundtracks, these include:  1.
     Injury  from Fallout Radiation Can Be Avoided 2. Actions in the  Face  of
     Nuclear  Attack  -  The Main Point is Not to Panic 3.  The  Shelter  -  A
     Dependable  Means  of  Protection 4. What You  Must  Know  About  Nuclear
     Weapons   5.  Learn  How  to  Use  Your  Gas  Mask  6.  The   Danger   of
     Bacteriological  Weapons  7. Blast Shelters, Fallout  Shelters,  and  the
     Rules  for Using Them (5th grade) 8. Skillfully Respond to the Threat  of
     Attack  and  to Warning Signals (5th Grade) 9. Protecting  Livestock  10.
     Dealing  with Public Utility Emergencies 11. Fallout Shelters and How  to
     Build  Them 12. How to Counteract Chemical Contamination  13.  Countering
     Pathogenic Bacteria 14. Fire Fighting 15. The Reception and Billeting  of
     the Evacuating Population 16. If the Siren Sounds 17. After Departing the
     Area of Destruction
     Tape 1: Introduction and Interview of Dr. Leon Goure (97 m)
     Tape 2: Soviet Training Manuals, Books, & Journals - Section 1 (86 min.)
     Tape 3: Journals - Section 2 and Soviet Training Film #1 (81 minutes)
     Tape 5: Soviet Traing Films #7, 8, 9, 10, snd 11 (91 min)
     Tape 6: Soviet Training Films #12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 (89 m)
     Tape 7: Presentation by Dr. Leon Goure, Soviet Training Film #17, and
             Soviet Civil Defense Posters (92 m)"
Water  bag,  5 gal with tap, box, human waste bag and disinfectant -  5  boxes
     that can be used for either storing, carrying, and stacking water bags or
     for box toilets with human waste bag and disinfectant. Water bag includes
     tap  and is made from aluminized mylar, which unlike other plastic  water
     containers,  is totally opaque, to prevent internal growth  of  bacteria,
     and  gas  impermeable  so water will not  absorb  surrounding  chemicals,
     flavors  or  smells.  Water bag can hold 6 gallons when not  in  stacking
     box. 



