
 doc/README.FTP -- Introduction to nic.funet.fi archive

 Status: Draft
 Author: staff@nic.funet.fi
 Created: Sat Aug 22 20:31:58 1992
 Last modified: Tue Mar 30 00:43:10 EET 1993




	Welcome to FTP.FUNET.FI aka FINFILES.BITNET
		Internally also:  NIC.FUNET.FI


    This is a Sun4/330 with (9-Jun-92) 9+GB archive disk space (8+GB used).
This is owned by the  Finnish Academic and Research Network FUNET, and is
located at the Finnish State Computing Centre, near Helsinki, Finland.


	NOTE:	If you have troubles with multiple intermediate reply
		lines from FTP server, try prefixing your entry for
		`Password:' prompt with `-'.  If your REAL password
		in THIS system starts with `-', enter TWO `-' characters.


	CONTENTS:

    - Intro
    - What is considered proper conduct of anonymous FTP usage
    - Privacy issues
    - Contacts about material in here
	( GIFs and others )
    - Uploading
    - FTPD sources
    - Reporting a bug/problems
    - Non-standard FTP features
      ( Dumping subdirectories, compressing files, uncompressing files..
        when transfer in action] )
    - Physical disk structure is hidden behind logical one
    - Restrictions
    - Minimum of maximum retrieval rate
    - IP-reversal and valid "passwd" requirements
    - What is `Freely distributable' ?
    - Other services available from here



	INTRO:

    This system has plenty of freely distributable material on its FTPable
areas.   We have also other services, see at the end of this document for
pointers.

    If you have any questions regarding MATERIALS in this archive, read
first `Contacts about material in here' below.  If you can't locate correct
person/mail alias with it, try `problems@nic.funet.fi', but do not do that
as your only attempt]


	WHAT IS CONSIDERED A PROPER CONDUCT OF ANONYMOUS FTP USAGE:

    Like many systems world wide, ours offers  anonymous  logins for
FTP users.  Such a service means:
	- You do not need to apply an account at this server, just use
	  well known userid:   anonymous    and for a password do enter
	  your email address (in format:  your_userid@your_site)

	- While this service is called "anonymous" due to that well-known
	  userid, it is considered good manners to identify yourself
	  properly.  (No, this is not truly anonymous.)
	(See PRIVACY ISSUES)

For those who have this priviledge of using ftp, here are some do's
and don'ts:

      - When you are working over long distance links, do limit yourself
	to off hours.  When working between the USA and Finland, try it
	after 4 PM OUR time ( 10 AM Eastern USA time.)  And remember that
	we wake up 10 hours before California.
	We are at time zone  `GMT +2h'.

      - 90+% of material in this archive are originated from various
	locations all over USA.  Sometimes those locations are well
	known.  Often not.  We try to indicate origins if we know them.
	DO try to use server nearest (network wise) to yourself, USA
	folks: please restrain  yourself to USA.

      - When you log in anonymous, system immediately classifies you, and
	if you are not limited by number of users on your class, you are
	prompted with:

	331 Guest login ok, send ident (your email address) as password.

	It really means what is says: Give your email address as password.
	We might spot problems on files and send warnings to those who
	have requested that(/those) file(s) (see PRIVACY ISSUES).

	If your FTP program uses  getpass(3) routine blindly (most
	BSD networking source derived FTP programs), you can't enter
	more than 8 characters for password from the keyboard.  Ever.
	Try to install FTP program from /pub/local/src/reno+mea-ftp.tar.Z.
	You can then feed in a lot longer `passwords'.
	(It has replacement for getpass() which inputs 130 chars.)

	Alternatively, read the man-page of ftp-program (assuming you
	are using UNIX ftp client), and see what is said about ".netrc".

	Some machines have problems with @-characters at such addresses,
		UNIX:          stty erase ? kill u
		IBM VM/SP CMS: CP TERM CHARDEL OFF,  CP TERM LINEND OFF

      - When you upload something, make sure it is freely distributable.
	For example some GIF images we have gotten are very obviously
	scanned from magazines, which have publication copyrights on them.
	This makes it illegal to copy those pictures `without the prior
	written consent of the publisher.' (And yes, WE WANT TO SEE THAT
	WRITTEN CONSENT FOR UPLOADING SUCH])

      - See below more about what is `Freely Distributable'.
	After all, it is not always the same as Public Domain]


      - REMEMBER: USING ANONYMOUS FTP IS A PRIVILEDGE.  DON'T ABUSE IT]



	PRIVACY ISSUES

    All file accesses, logins etc. are logged, and the logs are kept
for indefinite period of time pending disk space availability (3-5
months online, years offline.)

    If you want to be unidentifiable, that is entirely up to you, and
possible within rules of our server by using password of type:
	inconnu@<your host identity>
If you want to be totally unknown, you must not use FTP, as it can
never be used without revealing your own host identity.

    There do exist ftp-by-mail servers, and proxy-ftp-servers, which
occasionally do reveal their user identity -- send requesting user's
address as password.    Some  gopher  and  WWW -gateways are able to
reveal only users host identity, which in case of a PC or equivalent
can be deduced to one particular user.



	CONTACTS ABOUT MATERIAL IN HERE:

An alias "amiga-adm" is to be addressed as "amiga-adm@nic.funet.fi"

ALIAS:		AREA:

386ix-adm	386 UNIX software (pub/unix/386ix)
amiga-adm	CBM Amiga programs (pub/amiga)
astro-adm	Some (amateur) astronomy related material (pub/astro)
atari-adm	Atari archive (pub/atari)
cae-sw-adm	Some public CAE software/databases (pub/cae)
calculators-adm	HP28*, HP48*, and similar ones (pub/misc/hp*)
csc-adm		pub/csc -area (the Centre for Scientific Computing (CSC), Finland)
culture-adm	pub/culture -area
dx-adm		pub/dx -area
gif-adm		pub/pics/gif: GIF pictures archive maintainers
gnu-adm		pub/gnu -area: GNU material
graphics-adm	pub/graphics -area
ham-adm		pub/ham: Radio-Amateur related software and data
jpeg-adm	pub/pics/jpeg: JPEG encoded images archive maintainers
kermit-adm	pub/kermit -area
languages-adm	pub/languages -area (programming languages)
linux-adm	pub/OS/Linus -area moderators
mac-adm		pub/mac: Macintosh software
mach-adm	pub/mach - Mach mikrokernel
microprocs-adm	pub/microprocs/ -area moderators
minix-adm	pub/minix: comp.os.minix archives et.al.
misc-adm	pub/misc -area general
molbio-adm	pub/sci/molbio -area: Molecular Biology archive
msdos-adm	MS-DOS/PC-DOS and alikes (pub/msdos)
music-adm	pub/culture/music -area
netinfo-adm	pub/netinfo -area
neural-adm	pub/sci/neural -area
next-adm	pub/NeXT -area
os2-adm		pub/os2 -area: OS/2 interests
papers-adm	pub/sci/papers -area
sci-adm		pub/sci -area: Serious Science  materials, databases, ...
sound-adm	pub/??/sounds -area
tex-adm		pub/TeX -area
unix-adm	pub/unix: General UNIX
vms-adm		pub/vms: Some VMS software
win-nt-adm	pub/win-nt: MS-Windows NT
xwindow-adm	pub/X11 -area: X-Window maintance group

SPECIALS:
ftp-bugs	FTP server software bug reporting address
managers	Everything archive related, which isn't proper
		for all the 100+ area maintainers.
maints		All archive maintainers (ONLY AS THE LAST RESORT])

    If you can logon (anonymously) and read this file, you propably
do not have problems with your/our ftp software, therefore you should
contact above mentioned area administrators.

    If you don't find suitable alias to approach, try:
		managers@nic.funet.fi

    We also have a mail server for - among other things - to manipulate
internal mailing lists.  You may wish to join to  NEWMSDOS list for example:

	Mail mailserver@nic.funet.fi
	Subject: Requesting lists and help

	subscribe newmsdos Joe User
	list
	help

These will  1) add you to list NEWMSDOS with real name `Joe User', 2) give
a list of locally known mailing lists, 3) print basic help with pointers
for more.  On overall, this behaves much in style of BITNET LISTSERVs, but
as it isn't LISTSERV, it isn't called one either.

There are at least following "NEW"-lists:    NEWMSDOS, NEWMAC, NEWAMIGA


	UPLOADING:

    See file  /README.UPLOADER  for detailed procedure and explanations.
For short:  there are directories that are world writable, BUT DO NOT LET
UPLOADED FILES TO BE VISIBLE/RETRIEVABLE BEFORE MAINTAINERS CHECK AND
APPROVE THEM.

    What we expect uploader to do when uploading anything is stated in
/README.UPLOADER.  Read it]

    You may log into the system without being limited by the foreign
user count, if you use account  "uploader" instead of "anonymous".
Rules are still the same regarding the password.



	FTPD SOURCES:

    If you want the sources for this FTP server (derived from the
Berkeley freely distributable sources) look into /pub/local/src for ls
and ftpd programs (GNU-tar and BSD-compress are unmodified).


	REPORTING A BUG:

    If you observe odd behaviour of this server, which is not of what
you believe to be correct, please contact   ftpd-bugs@nic.funet.fi  and in
the report have attached a session log which shows the wrong functionality.
However, check at first what we state about "Restrictions" below]

    Such log should start from your anonymous login - or the open/connect
preceding it.  The report should contain:
	- Descriptions about your (computing-) environment relevant
	  with attempted FTP access;
		- Maker and model of your computer, where you ran your
		  FTP session,
		- TCP/IP software model and maker (quite many system do
		  not come with builtin TCP/IP -- VMS-machines are one
		  such example.)
	- UNEDITED (verbose, unabridged) session transcript showing
	  EVERYTHING you sent to this system, and what were the responces.
Note: Reports about corrupted files belong to archive area keepers; they
      handle those files;  ftpd-bugs  handles the server subsystem.


    Bugs/problems relating to ARCHIVED MATERIAL:
	Select by list under: `Contacts about material in here'

    Uploads:
	Select by list under: `Contacts about material in here'.
	If no suitable one can be found, check also /README.UPLOADER.
	In outmost despair (ONLY then] postmaster@nic.funet.fi)

    Bugs/problems relating to archie:
	Petri Ojala	<ojala@nic.funet.fi>

    Bugs/problems relating to other parts of system software:
	Problems group:  <problems@nic.funet.fi>
	("system software" does not mean anything under /pub/")

	If you can get /README without trouble, don't contact <problems>,
	but one of earlier mentioned area administration aliases.




	WHAT IS `FREELY DISTRIBUTABLE' ?

	Freely distributable does not mean the same thing as PD
(public domain).  A big portion of the software available here is not
in the public domain, although it is freely distributable.  Many are
copyrighted by some person or organization, but can be distributed
freely; there may be limitations on the manner of distribution and/or
the usage of the programs.  There may also be certain rules concerning
the distribution of modified versions (derivate work) of the programs,
like saying that if you redistribute a modified version you must
include in the distribution the date and author of the modification.
Also on many programs you must include a note crediting the original
author of the program if you use his code in your own programs.

	An example of this is the Free Software Foundation's GNU
software.  GNU software may be distributed freely, provided that the
sources are included, an offer to distribute the sources is included
or that a pointer to where the sources can be gotten from is included.
On  NIC.FUNET.FI,  all the GNU source code published is available from
the directory  pub/gnu.   Some GNU binaries are available from other
directories as well; although we have tried to include a pointer to
the sources and the copyright information in these other directories,
too, it might be that we have neglected some.  This note is here to
point you to the sources in  pub/gnu.   For further information, the
GNU copyright is in the file  pub/gnu/COPYING.



	NON-STANDARD FTP FEATURES:


	This FTPSERVER has some special features which may help on grabbing
        files from here:

	<filename>.Z	Compress designated file while
			fetching from this system.
	<dirname>.tar	Make a TAR (using GNU tar-1.07) of dir.
	<filename>.tar	Make a TAR (- " -) of file.
	<dirname>.tar.Z Make a compressed tar of dir.
	<filename>.tar.Z Make a compressed tar of file.
                        (Why to tar a single file? To get its date & time
                         information too...)
	<filename>+".Z"	How to say...  There exists file:  <filename>.Z,
			you ask it to be UNCOMPRESSED for FTP transfer...
			(For all of you who can't uncompress a'la BSD UNIX.)

	Note:	It isn't very useful to compress .arc, .zoo, .gif or
		.Z files.  Usually they just expand when compressed :-(
		(Why?  They all use similar compression schemes.)

	Note2:  This ftp server won't perform .tar or .tar.Z transfer
                (mentioned above) for top level directories.
		This is to avoid accidental loading of whole archives over
		the network to your disk.   Several gigabytes of .tar isn't
		very easy to handle.
                So .tar and/or .tar.Z will only work in some subdirectories.
                Of course, this restriction doesn't apply for regular files.

	Note3:	Unless you REALLY can't uncompress files, please only then do
		retrieve files in their uncompressed form] (Leaving out the
		".Z" from true file path.)
		There are workable 16-bit UNcompress programs available for
		all machines which have at least 640k memory]


	Special command   `FIND regexpr'  (your average UNIX ftp client
accepts it like this:  `quote find gcc960')  to run regexpr matching against
files in archive.  It scans special file with ordinary egrep -program.

	If you have special FTP client, which sends PORT command before
sending FIND command, you can get search result into a file.
Exact features of this command will change, quite propably it will be
a frontend to ARCHIE some day.


	PHYSICAL DISK STRUCTURE IS HIDDEN BEHIND LOGICAL ONE:

	This server tries to hide physical disks and symlinks used to
point to them from the anonymous user, but occasionally you can trick
it to behave oddly.   For example under some conditions some multi-argument
ls command (NLST primitive) can create odd listings which are not of what
you might have expected.

We don't see any REAL need to hide physical structure completely, nor to
make even `ls' programs view of it bullet proof, but tell us your opinion.
( -> ftpd-bugs@nic.funet.fi )

Most of the time  "cd .."  will move you one step up in your current
directory -- even when a component in it a symlink.

    The way this is implemented is described in  /staff-docs/ftpd-ls.README.


	RESTRICTIONS:


	This FTPSERVER counts the number of anonymous customers
simultaneously on the system, and currently limits it to 48 simultaneous
FOREIGN anonymous users (so it doesn't show how many finns there are, also
the restriction of 48 simultaneous users doesn't apply for the NORDUnet users).
(Note:	This "current" value is subject to day-to-day management actions,
	and can be changed without advance notice. These were current values
	when this part of the document was written.)

        Note that we are located far away from the USA. Our connection to the
USA is a 1024 kbits/sec terrestial link (which is used by all the scandinavian
countries).   Our main purpose is to be central repository for finnish users.
Lately traffic on that link has been TWICE as great TO the USA as it has been
 to Finland, think about that...


	MINIMUM OF MAXIMUM RETRIEVAL RATE:

	Due to above mentioned resource limits, this server implements
a throttle to limit individual users usage of scarse resource: line capacity.
Algorithm goes like follows:
	max_rate  =   Max_anonymous_logins * minimum_maximum_rate /
			present_count_of_data_transfers
Where:
	max_rate 	is in (k)bytes/sec
	Max_anonymous_logins  is count shown at anonymous FTP login (32)
			(Current value listed to you when you login.)
	minimum_maximum_rate  is rate  shown at anonymous FTP login (1kB/s)
	present_count_of_data_transfers
			is a figure derived from ftp-server internal
			mechanism -- It tells (at sample time) how many
			are really transferring out of those who have
			logged in under your limited class.

If user can't use the share s/he has been allocated, nobody else will
get the leftovers (well, that line will be saturated anyway...)

This yields a rate which can be anything in between 1kB/s and 32kB/s.
(32kB/s is when you are only one transferring at the moment.)


	IP-REVERSAL AND VALID "PASSWD" REQUIREMENTS:

	Any system without a valid IP reversal mapping will get a view of
directories which is even more restricted than the usual anonymous user.
The same is true when the email address you have entered as password does
not conform with RFC822 rules.

	If your IP address does not have IN-ADDR.ARPA. -reverse mapping
defined, this is a task for your network administrator.  Your NetAdmin must
register reversing database into  IN-ADDR.ARPA. -domain, and make sure all of
your local hosts have IP reversals defined]
(This registration is done with  HOSTMASTER@NIC.DDN.MIL, once your local
 DNS services provide the data.)

	What we expect of IP reversals is valid top 2 domains:
		130.232.7.250  -->  non-registered-pc.utu.fi
We are NOT interested in truly valid reversals, unless you want to
upload something]

This reversal is achieved with IP reversal entry in named.reverse:
	---------
	$ ORIGIN 232.130.in-addr.arpa.
	; all KNOWN 130.232.7.XX hosts here before "fallback"
	*.7	IN	PTR	non-registered-pc.utu.fi.
	---------
Simple and effective]  Talk with your network management, they should
know what this is all about.  (If they don't, they can ask us.)


	Passwords for anonymous FTP are expected to be email addresses.  They
are expected to contain `@'-character in them, and be according to RFC822:
		Luser.Name@Host.Domain
		Luser%OtherHost@RelayHost.Domain
This address need NOT be on host you are using for FTP, but it must be valid
address to you in your preferred system.

	Valid email addresses are especially important if you want to upload
something.  On uploads email address validity is enforced by area moderators,
who may not want to make uploaded material public, if it isn't traceable.

NOTE:	If your IP-reversal fails, but you do have a host with globally
	accessible name->IP-address entry, and that host is in the same
	network as is the host you are using, then you can get past the
	restriction by using username@host-in-the-same.net  as your password.
	Special case:	Use the name of your host itself, if it has a valid
			address entry.



	OTHER AVAILABLE SERVICES (Here or near by)

You can make interactive login to  archie.funet.fi  with userid  `archie'.
List of current Archies sites: (26 Feb 92):

  archie.funet.fi       Europe          FUNET, Finland
  archie.doc.ic.ac.uk   UK/Europe       Imperial College, London, UK
  archie.au             Australia       Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
  archie.sura.net       US              SURANET, Maryland, US
  archie.rutgers.edu    US              Rutgers University, New Jersey, US
  archie.unl.edu        US              Lincoln, Nebraska, US
  archie.ans.net        US              ANS, New York, US
  archie.mcgill.ca      Canada          McGill University, Montreal, Canada
  archie.kuis.kyoto-u.ac.jp             Kyoto, Japan
  archie.foretune.co.jp                 Tokyo, Japan

Up to date listing is viewed when you login to the archie.

Archie also has an interface to respond to mail requests.   Send mail to
archie@archie.funet.fi,  in mail body, have line: `help'.


This system has also another mail responding server:  mailserver@nic.funet.fi
(And also  mailserver@lists.funet.fi, if you access mailinglists.)
In mail body have line: `help'.  (Subject line is not used as a command, but
is used to build reply message.)

	Mail mailserver@nic.funet.fi
	Subject:  Charley Curious probing mailserver

	help
	help help
