Exempti oneribus collationibus, tantum in usum praeliorum sepositi, velut tela arma bellis reservantur. [“(The Batavians), exempted from taxes and tributes, and set aside for use in battles only, are reserved for war, like weapons and arms.” Ibid., ch. 29.]
De minoribus principes consultant, de maioribus omnes. C. Tacit. de mor. Germ. [Ibid., ch. 1 l .]
Ut turbae placuit considunt armati, silentium per sacerdotes, quibus tum coercendi jus est, imperatur. Mox rex vel princeps prout aetas cuique, prout nobilitas, prout decus bellorum, prout facundia est, audiuntur, auctoritate suadendi, magis quam ju bendi potestate. Si displicuit sententia, fremitu aspernantur; si placuit, frameas concutiunt, c. Ibid. [“When the crowd resolves, they assemble, armed; silence is ordered by the priests, who then have the right to compel it. Next a king or leading man is heard, in order of age, nobility, glory in battle, or eloquence, with the authority that comes from his counsel, rather than from his power to order them. If they dislike the advice, they spurn it with a groan; if they like it, they clash their spears together.”]
[That is, German.]
Reges ex nobilitate, duces ex virtute sumere. [Tacitus, Germania, ch. 7.]
Sublimato eo coepit lues omnium scelerum crescere: saeviebat scurrilis nequitia, odium veritatis, c. ut vas omnium scelerum solus videretur Vortigernus; quod maxime regiae honestati contrarium est, nobiles deprimens, moribus sanguine ignobiles extollens, Deo hominibus efficitur odiosus. Mat. Westm. An. 446. [“When he had been raised (to the throne), the plague of all his crimes began to grow: there was such a raging of base worthlessness, hatred of the truth, etc., that Vortigern alone seemed the receptacle of all crimes; and what is most contrary to royal honor, namely, suppressing the nobles and exalting those who were ignoble both in manners and in birth, rendered him odious to God and men.” Roger of Wendover, Flowers of History (the year 446).]
[William, Earl of Craven, Laurence Hyde, Earl of Rochester; Henry Bennet, Earl of Arlington; and Sir Thomas Osborne, Earl of Danby, were leading ministers under Charles II. Nicholas Tufton, Earl of Thanet, supported Charles before the Restoration and was imprisoned for it in 1655.]
[These were supporters of the rights of Parliament against royal prerogative during the Civil War and Commonwealth. The two most important were John Hampden and Oliver St. John, leading parliamentary opponents of Charles I.]
[ Patriarcha, ch. 29, p. 113 .]
Quod Saxones olim wittenagemot, parliamentum pananglicum recte dici possit, summamque et sacrosanctam habet autoritatem in legibus ferendis, antiquandis, conformandis, interpretandis, in omnibus quae ad reipublicae salutem spectant. Brit. fol. 63. [William Camden, Britannia (1586; repub. 1806; repr. Adler’s Foreign Books), vol. 1, p. cxcv.]
Generalis senatus populi conventus. Malms. [William of Malmesbury, Chronicle of the Kings of England, bk. 3, p. 271.]
Commune concilium tam cleri quam populi. Spelm. [Spelman, Concilia, decreta, leges, constitutiones in re ecclesiarum orbis Britannici (the year 605, Council of Canterbury).]
Ut reges a sacerdotibus senioribus populi eligantur. [Ibid., Council of Calchuth, 787.]
Quam Deus principes cum senioribus populi misericorditer benigne dederunt. [“Which God and the chiefs and elders of the people have kindly and mercifully given.” Asser, Life of Alfred .]
Coram omni multitudine populi Anglorum. [Spelman, Concilia (the year 969).]
Nomine Baronagii omnes quodam modo regni ordines continentur. Camd. [William Camden, Britannia, vol. 1, p. cxcv.]
[Michael (Korybut) Wisniowiecki (1669–73). “He who now reigns” in the sentence that follows was John III Sobieski.]
[ Patriarcha, ch. 30, p. 115.]
Selden’s Tit. of Hon. p. 2. c. 5. [Selden, Titles of Honour, pt. 2, ch. 5, p. 509.]
Exempti oneribus collationibus, tantum in usum praeliorum repositi, veluti tela arma bellis reservantur. Corn. Tacit. de morib. Germ. [Tacitus, Germania, ch. 29.]
Tacit. de mor. Germ. [“The chief men ( principes ) consult about smaller matters, the whole people about greater ones.” Ibid., ch. 11.]
Romanos rerum dominos. Virg. [Virgil, Aeneid, bk. 1, li. 282.]
[Magnates, chiefs of the kingdom, nobles, nobility of England, barons . . . general council of the kingdom, the whole of the nobility of all England, the whole of the baronage.]
[“Noble for antiquity, fortunate in nobility.” De Pallio, ch. 1, in Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 4, pp. 5–12.]
Commune concilium episcoporum, procerum, comitum omnium sapientum, seniorum populorum totius regni. Bed. Eccl. Hist. [Actually in Laws of King Edward, ch. 35, in William Lambarde, Archaionomia. Published in 1644 in a volume with Bede’s Ecclesiastical History .]
Magnum concilium episcoporum, abbatum, fidelium, procerum populorum. [Matthew Parker, De antiquitate britannicae ecclesiae (London, 1572), ch. 19.]
Senatum generalem et populi conventum. [William of Malmesbury, Chronicle of the Kings of England, bk. 3, p. 272.]
Mat. Westm. Flor. Hist. [Roger of Wendover, Flowers of History (the year 449), vol. 1, p 5.]
Ibid. [The year 461.]
[William of Malmesbury, Chronicle of the Kings of England, bk. 1, ch. 1.]
[By our will alone.]
Rex regno exutus, jus legandi amittit. Grot. De jur. bell. [Grotius, De jure, bk. 2, ch. 18, sec. 2.]
[ Patriarcha, ch. 30, p. 117.]
[Ibid., ch. 26, p. 106.]
[Matthew 5:31.]
Mem. de Commin. [Philippe de Comines, Memoires, bk. 6, ch. 9.]
[ Patriarcha, ch. 30, p. 117, citing Raleigh’s Dialogue on the Prerogative of Parliaments, in Works, vol. 8, pp. 157–222.]
See Sir W. Raleigh’s Epistle to King James.
[ Patriarcha, ch. 30, p. 1 18.]
[Judges 19:1–21:25.]
Ne quid detrimenti respublica accipiat. T. Liv. [Livy, History of Rome, bk. 3, ch. 4.]
In vestrae libertatis tuitionem. Mat. Par. [Matthew Paris, Chronica Majora, section on Offa II.]
De jur. bell. et pac. [“The supreme power in the supreme manner” … “not in the supreme manner.” Grotius, De jure, bk. 1, ch. 3, sec. 14.]
Tribunitia potestate contentus. C. Tacit. [Tacitus, Annals, bk. 1, ch. 2. His successor was Tiberius.]
C. Tacit. [Ibid., bk. 4, ch. 19.]
Saavedra, Mariana, Zurita. [Saavedra, Corona Gotica; Mariana, General History of Spain; Gerónimo Zurita y Castro, Anales de la Corona de Aragón (1610; repub. Zaragoza: Institución Fernando el Católico, 1976).]
[Judges 1:7–1.]
[“Dominion comes from the same source as one’s spirit.” Tertullian, Apology, ch. 30. The Latin phrase that follows substitutes “liberty” for “dominion.”]
[Richard “Hannibal” Rumbold, like Sidney a politically active republican, was to say something similar when executed for treason in 1685—as did Thomas Jefferson in a famous letter to Roger Weightman June 24, 1826.]
Par in parem non habet imperium. [Bracton, On the Laws and Customs of England, fol. 5, p. 33.]
[ Patriarcha, ch. 30, p. 118, and ch. 29 (“Of Parliaments”), p. 114.]
[The king wishes it, the king will consider.]
Edictum dictatoris pro numine observatum. Hist. l. 8 [Livy, History of Rome, bk. 8, ch. 34.]
[The sacrosanct power of the tribunes.]
[Sacred Caesarean majesty.]
[Majesty of the Roman people, majesty of the empire.]
[Which the people shall have chosen.]
[11 Henry VII, ch. 1.]
Si bonam dederitis, fidam perpetuam; si malam, haud diuturnam. Liv. [Livy, History of Rome, bk. 8, ch. 21.]
Viri liberi vocem auditam. Ibid.
Eos demum, qui nihil praeterquam de libertate cogitant, dignos esse, qui Romani fiant. Ibid.
1 Sam. 15.23.
[Genesis 14.]
[ Patriarcha, ch. 30, pp. 118–119.]
[ Patriarcha, ch. 30, p. 118.]
[“That [law] which provides an end, provides the means necessary to the end.” Grotius, De jure, bk. 2, ch. 7, sec. 4.]
[Nobles and great men of the kingdom.]
[ Patriarcha, ch. 30, p. 119.]
Prov. 11.14.
[ Patriarcha, ch. 30, p. 119.]
[Leopold I, ruler of the Holy Roman Empire. The subjects who called on the Turks for aid were the Hungarians.]
[Alfonso Vl.]
[Medea, divorced by Jason, sends to his new bride Creusa a magic robe that consumes her in fire. Similarly, Hercules’ wife Deianira sends him a robe which she thinks will cause him to love her, but which in fact consumes him in fiery pain. See Seneca, Medea and Hercules Oetaeus .]
[Isaiah 7:8–9.]
1 Chron. 5.
Judg. 12.
Cum tot ab hac anima populorum vita salusque/Pendeat, tantus caput hoc sibi fecerit orbis,/Saevitia est voluisse mori. Lucan. [Lucan, Pharsalia, bk. 5, li. 685.]
[“Nothing is in the intellect which is not first in the senses.” Aristotle, On the Soul, bk. 3, 432a.]
1 Chron. 7.40.
[Actually in 9:9.]
[In kind.]
[Charles I is meant. The “minister of those cruelties” was the earl of Strafford. The “innocent unarmed subjects” were the English Protestants massacred in the Irish rebellion of 1641.]
Plutarch. [Lives of Aristides, Thernistodes, and Agis.]
[2 Kings 8:7–15.]
Moriendum victis, moriendum deditis: id solum interest, an inter cruciatus ludibria, an pro virtutem expiremus. C. Tacit.
Quod si nocentes innocentesque idem exitus maneat, acrioris viri est meritò perire. Ibid. [“Death must come to the conquered, death to those who yield: the only difference is whether we die among tortures and mockery or through virtue.” Tacitus, Histories, bk. 3, ch. 66. “But if the same death awaits the innocent and the guilty alike, it is the part of the bold man to perish worthily.” Ibid., bk. 1, ch. 21.]
Animadvertendi in reges. [Buchanan, History of Scotland, bk. 20.]
Morte, vinculis exilio puniti. Buchan. hist. Scot. l. 20. Qui tot reges regno exuerunt, exilio damnarunt, carceribus coercuerunt, supplicio denique affecerunt, nec unquam tamen de acerbitate legis minuenda mentio est facta, c. Ibid. Facile apparet regnum nihil aliud esse, quam mutuam inter regem populum stipulationem. Non de illarum sanctionum genere, quae mutationibus temporum sunt obnoxiae, sed in primo generis humani exortu, mutuo prope omnium gentium consensu comprobatae, una cum rerum natura infragiles sempiternae perennent. Ibid. [“That they had been punished with death, imprisonment, and exile.” Buchanan, History of Scotland, bk. 20. “Since they (the Scots’ ancestors) stripped so many kings of their realm, condemned them to exile, forced them into prison, and, finally, executed them, there was not even any mention of lessening the severity of the law, etc.” Ibid. “It is readily apparent that the kingship is nothing other than a mutual stipulation between the king and the people. This is not the sort of sanction that is exposed to the changes of the times, but existed in the first dawn of human kind and is approved by the mutual consensus of nearly all peoples; and may it endure as inviolate and sempiternal as the nature of things.” Ibid.]
Justa piaque sunt arma, quibus necessaria, necessaria, quibus nulla nisi in armis spes est salutis: T. Liv. . lib. 8. [Livy, History of Rome, bk. 9, ch. 1.]
Mariana. [Mariana, General History of Spain. ]
[ Patriarcha, ch. 28, p. 112.]
[In the presence of the lord king.]
Sur son lit de justice.
[Sidney means Bernard de Nogaret, duke of LaValette. The duke of Candale was Henri de Nogaret.]
De jur. bell. l. 3. [Grotius, De jure, bk. 2, ch. 18, sec. 2.]
[Charles I.]
[Do not proceed; let the trial cease.]
[With the advice of the great and wise.]
[ Patriarcha, ch. 32 (“The King Hath Governed Both Houses, either by Himself, or by His Council, or by His Judges”).]
Cap. 3.
[The Greek camp-follower Thais is said to have convinced Alexander to burn the palace of Xerxes in Persepolis.]
[Matthew 14:1–12.]
[The future James II, crowned in 1685.]
[The 1680 text of Filmer, which Sidney used, reads: “If the people had any such power over their burgesses [i.e., to call them to account for their misdeeds], then we might call it, the natural liberty of the people, with a mischief.” Laslett’s text omits the words “with a mischief” and adds, after “might,” the words “have some colour to.”]
[ Patriarcha, ch. 30, p. 119.]
Vida de Carlos 5° de Sandoval. [Prudencio de Sandoval, Historia de la Vida y Hechos del Emperador Carlos V (1604–06; Pamplona: Bartholome Paris, 1614). Translated as The History of Charles the Vth, Emperor and King of Spain (London: R. Smith, 1703).]
Hist. Thuan. [De Thou, History of His Time, bk. 63.]
[An easy case.]
[A right sanction.]
Jeremiah 31: 29.]
[Hyde, Clifford, Danby.]
[The Triennial Act (1641) had stipulated that three years were not to pass without a parliament being summoned. The Act of Uniformity (1662) required the use of the Episcopal Book of Common Prayer. Clergymen who refused to comply lost their positions; and, by the Five Mile Act of 1665, they were forbidden to go within five miles of a place where they had held a church position.]
[ Patriarcha, ch. 31 (“The King Alone Makes Laws in Parliament”), p. 119.]
Speech in Star-Chamber, 1616. [In Political Works of James I .]
Leg. Aethelstani, fol. 71. [ Leges Aethelstani, in Lambarde, Archaionomia. Thrimsa: an ancient English coin.]
Quas vulgus elegerit.
[ Patriarcha, p. 119: “ ‘ Le roi le veult: the King will have it so’ is the imperative phrase pronounced at the King’s passing of every Act of Parliament.”]
[For such is our pleasure.]
Mem. de L. R. F. [ Memoires de Louis, Roi de France. ]
[Filmer wrote imperative, not interpretative (see note 5 above). The confusion arose because the 1680 edition of Filmer mistakenly printed “interpretative.”]
[ Patriarcha, ch. 31, pp. 119–120.]
[Henry VI.]
Quas vulgus elegerit.