Gothmog Lord of Balrogs, high-captain of Angband, slayer of Fëanor, Fingon, and Ecthelion. (The same name was borne in the Third Age by the Lieutenant of Minas Morgul, The Return of the King V 6.) 125, 236, 238, 300
Greater Gelion One of the two tributary branches of the river Gelion in the north, rising in Mount Rerir. 146
Great Lands Middle-earth. 324
Great River See Anduin.
Green-elves Translation of Laiquendi; the Nandorin Elves of Ossiriand. For their origin see 107, and for the name 110, 133, 147-8, 167,170, 184, 238, 291
Greenwood the Great The great forest east of the Misty Mountains, afterwards named Mirkwood. 360, 366, 371-2, 375
Grey-elven tongue See Sindarin.
Grey-elves See Sindar.
Grey Havens See (The) Havens, Mithlond.
Greymantle See Singollo, Thingol.
Grinding Ice See Helcaraxë.
Grond The great mace of Morgoth, with which he fought Fingolfin; called the Hammer of the Underworld. The battering-ram used against the Gate of Minas Tirith was named after it (The Return of the King V 4). 185
Guarded Plain See Talath Dirnen.
Guarded Realm See Valinor. 82, 98
Guilin Father of Gelmir and Gwindor, Elves of Nargothrond. 230, 233, 253, 256, 261
Gundor Younger son of Hador Lórindol, lord of Dor-lómin; slain with his father at Eithel Sirion in the Dagor Bragollach. 177, 183, 311
Gurthang ‘Iron of Death’, name of Beleg’s sword Anglachel after it was reforged for Túrin in Nargothrond, and from which he was named Mormegil. 258, 262, 265-6, 273, 276-8
Gwaith-i-Mírdain ‘People of the Jewel-smiths’, name of the fellowship of craftsmen in Eregion, greatest of whom was Celebrimbor son of Curufin. 354-5
Gwindor Elf of Nargothrond, brother of Gelmir; enslaved in Angband, but escaped and aided Beleg in the rescue of Túrin; brought Túrin to Nargothrond; loved Finduilas Orodreth’s daughter; slain in the Battle or Tumhalad. 230, 232-4, 254-61
Hadhodrond The Sindarin name of Khazad-dûm (Moria). 104,354
Hador Called Lórindol ‘Goldenhead’, also Hador the Golden-haired; lord of Dor-lómin, vassal of Fingolfin; father of Galdor father of Húrin; slain at Eithel Sirion in the Dagor Bragollach. The House of Hador was called the Third House of the Edain. 177-8, 183, 187, 190, 193. House of, People of, Hador 177, 189-90, 194, 231, 237-9, 243, 253, 265, 280, 308. Helm of Hador: see Dragon-helm of Dor-lómin.
Haladin The second people of Men to enter Beleriand; afterwards called the People of Haleth, dwelling in the Forest of Brethil, also the Men of Brethil. 171, 174-5, 187, 190, 194, 234,238
Haldad Leader of the Haladin in their defence against the attack on them by Orcs in Thargelion, and slain there; father of the Lady Haleth. 174-6
Haldan Son of Haldar; leader of the Haladin after the death of the Lady Haleth. 175
Haldar Son of Haldad of the Haladin, and brother of the Lady Haleth; slain with his father in the Orc-raid on Thargelion. 175-6
Haldir Son of Halmir of Brethil; wedded Gidredhel, daughter of Hador of Dor-lómin; slain in the Nirnaeth Arnoediad. 190, 231-2, 234, 238
Haleth Called the Lady Haleth; leader of the Haladin (who were named from her the People of Haleth) from Thargelion to the lands west of Sirion. 175-6. House of, People of, Haleth 175-8, 190, 231, 266, 272-3
Halfelven Translation of Sindarin Peredhel, plural Peredhil, applied to Elrond and Elros, 304, 315, 322, 354, 357; and to Eärendil, 298
Halflings Translation of Periannath (Hobbits). 377
Halls of Awaiting The Halls of Mandos. 72
Halmir Lord of the Haladin, son of Haldan; with Beleg of Doriath defeated the Orcs that came south from the Pass of Sirion after the Dagor Bragollach. 190, 231
Handir Son of Haldir and Glóredhel, father of Brandir the Lame; lord of the Haladin after Haldir’s death; slain in Brethil in battle with Orcs. 238, 260, 266
Haradrim The Men of Harad (‘the South’), the lands south of Mordor. 363
Hareth Daughter of Helmir of Brethil; wedded Galdor of Dor-lómin; mother of Húrin and Huor. 190, 194
Hathaldir Called the Young; one of the twelve companions of Barahir on Dorthonion. 187
Hathol Father of Hador Lórindol. 177
Haudh-en-Arwen ‘The Ladybarrow’, the burial-mound of Haleth in the Forest of Brethil. 176
Haudh-en-Elleth The mound in which Finduilas was buried, near the Crossings of Teiglin. 267, 270-1, 275, 277
Haudh-en-Ndengin ‘The Mound of Slain’ in the desert of Anfauglith, where were piled the bodies of the Elves and Men that died in the Nirnaeth Arnoediad. 241-2
Haudh-en-Nirnaeth ‘The Mound of Tears’, another name of Haudh-en-Ndengin. 241
Havens, The Brithombar and Eglarest on the coast of Beleriand: 124, 133, 144, 186, 239. The Havens of Sirion at the end of the First Age: 294, 305, 313. The Grey Havens (Mithlond) in the Gulf of Lhûn: 359, 370-1, 378. Alqualondë, the Haven of the Swans or Swanhaven, is also called simply The Haven: 97, 101
Helcar The Inland Sea in the northeast of Middle-earth, where once stood the mountain of the lamp of Illuin; the mere of Cuiviénen where the first Elves awoke is described as a bay in this sea. 48, 54
Helcaraxë The strait between Araman and Middle-earth; also referred to as the Grinding Ice. 51-2, 60, 88, 100-1, 126, 136, 154, 160
Helevorn ‘Black Glass’, a lake in the north of Thargelion, below Mount Rerir, where Caranthir dwelt. 132, 148, 184
Helluin The star Sirius. 48, 69
Herumor A renegade Númenórean who became mighty among the Haradrim at the end of the Second Age. 363
Herunúmen ‘Lord of the West’, Quenya name of Ar-Adunakhôr. 330
Hidden Kingdom Name given both to Doriath, 135, 198, 200,277, and to Gondolin, 156,298
High-elven See Quenya.
High Elves See Eldar. 370
High Faroth See Taur-en-Faroth.
Hildor ‘The Followers’, ‘The Aftercomers’, Elvish name for Men, as the Younger Children of Ilúvatar. 114, 119
Hildórien The land in the east of Middle-earth where the first Men (Hildor) awoke. 120, 169
Himlad ‘Cool Plain’, the region where Celegorm and Curufin dwelt south of the Pass of Aglon. 147, 158, 161
Himring The great hill west of Maglor’s Gap on which was the stronghold of Maedhros; translated in the text as ‘Ever-cold’. 131,147-8,157, 183-4, 214, 223, 231
Hírilorn The great beech-tree in Doriath with three trunks, in which Lúthien was imprisoned. The name means ‘Tree of the Lady’. 208, 226
Hísilómë ‘Land of Mist’, Quenya name of Hithlum. 140
Hithaeglir ‘Line of Misty Peaks’: the Misty Mountains, or Mountains of Mist. (The form Hithaeglin on the map to The Lord of the Rings is an error.) 55, 104, 107, 360, 364, 366
Hither Lands Middle-earth (also called the Outer Lands). 57, 59-61, 296, 304, 311, 315, 323, 371
Hithlum ‘Land of Mist’ (see 140), the region bounded on the east and south by Ered Wethrin and on the west by Ered Lómin; see Hísilómë. 52, 90, 123, 126-8, 130, 137, 140-1, 144, 146, 157, 171, 181-9, 193, 221, 231-4, 238-9, 242-4,254, 280, 281, 294-5
Hollin See Eregion. 354
Hollowbold Translation of Nogrod: ‘hollow dwelling’ (early English bold, noun related to the verb build). 104
Huan The great wolfhound of Valinor that Oromë gave to Celegorm; friend and helper of Beren and Lúthien; slew and slain by Carcharoth. The name means ‘great dog, hound’. 209-18, 222, 225-6
Hunthor A Man of the Haladin in Brethil who accompanied Túrin in his attack on Glaurung at Cabed-en-Aras and was killed there by a falling stone. 273
Huor Son of Galdor of Dor-lómin, husband of Rían and father of Tuor; went to Gondolin with Húrin his brother; slain in the Nirnaeth Arnoediad. 150, 177, 190, 232, 236, 237, 242, 294, 296, 298, 301, 311
Húrin Called Thalion ‘the Steadfast’, ‘the Strong’; son of Galdor of Dor-lómin, husband of Morwen and father of Túrin and Nienor; lord of Dor-lómin, vassal of Fingon. Went with Huor his brother to Gondolin; captured by Morgoth in the Nirnaeth Arnoediad and set upon Thangorodrim for many years; after his release slew Mîm in Nargothrond and brought the Nauglamír to King Thingol. 150, 177, 191-4, 232-46, 252, 255-9, 261-7, 271, 274-6, 278-87, 294, 298, 311
Hyarmentir The highest mountain in the regions south of Valinor. 81
Iant Iaur ‘The Old Bridge’ over the Esgalduin on the northern borders of Doriath; also called the Bridge of Esgalduin, 144-5, 157
Ibun One of the sons of Mîm the Petty-dwarf. 249, 251-2
Idril Called Celebrindal ‘Silverfoot’; the daughter (and only child) of Turgon and Elenwë; wife of Tuor, mother of Eärendil, with whom she escaped from Gondolin to the Mouths of Sirion; departed thence with Tuor into the West 151, 160, 163, 165-6, 296-300, 303-4, 308, 315,322
Illuin One of the Lamps of the Valar made by Aulë. Illuin stood in the northern part of Middle-earth, and after the overthrow of the mountain by Melkor the Inland Sea of Helcar was formed there. 30-1, 48, 59
Ilmarë A Maia, the handmaid of Varda, 24
Ilmen The region above the air where the stars are. 116-9, 349
Ilúvatar ‘Father of All, Eru. 3-11, 17-8, 23, 25, 34-42, 46-50, 58, 70, 73, 74, 86, 93, 102, 121, 227, 313, 322-3, 326-7, 336, 344-5
Imlach Father of Amlach. 173
Imladris ‘Rivendell’ (literally, ‘Deep Dale of the Cleft’), Elrond’s dwelling in a valley of the Misty Mountains. 282, 364, 367-70, 377
Indis Vanyarin Elf, close kin of Ingwë; second wife of Finwë, mother of Fingolfin and Finarfin. 63, 69-70, 75
Ingwë Leader of the Vanyar, the first of the three hosts of the Eldar on the westward journey from Cuiviénen. In Aman he dwelt upon Taniquetil, and was held High King of all the Elves. 53-4, 60, 62, 65, 69, 117, 310
Inziladûn Elder son of Ar-Gimilzôr and Inzilbêth; afterwards named Tar-Palantir. 332
Inzilbêth Queen of Ar-Gimilzôr; of the house of the lords of Andúnië. 331
Irmo The Vala usually named Lórien, the place of his dwelling. Irmo means ‘Desirer’ or ‘Master of Desire’. 21, 24, 68
Iron Mountains See Ered Engrin.
Isengard Translation (to represent the language of Rohan) of the Elvish name Angrenost. 361, 373-7
Isil Quenya name of the Moon. 114-5
Isildur Elder son of Elendil, who with his father and his brother Anárion escaped from the Drowning of Númenor and founded m Middle-earth the Númenórean realms in exile; lord of Minas Ithil; cut the Ruling Ring from Sauron’s hand; slain by Orcs in the Anduin when the Ring slipped from his finger. 337, 342, 346, 360-8, 374. Heirs of Isildur 369, 373. Heir of Isildur=Aragorn 377
Istari The Wizards. See Curunír, Saruman; Mithrandir, Gandalf, Olórin; Radagast. 372
Ivrin The lake and falls beneath Ered Wethrin where the river Narog rose. 140, 257. Pools of Ivrin 132, 257, 264, 296. Falls of Ivrin 142, 206. See Eithel Ivrin.
kelvar An Elvish word retained in the speeches of Yavanna and Manwë in Chapter II: ‘animals, living things that move’. 43-4
Kementári ‘Queen of the Earth’, a title of Yavanna. 21, 33-5, 44
Khazâd The name of the Dwarves in their own language (Khuzdul). 103
Khazad-dûm The great mansions of the Dwarves of Durin’s race in the Misty Mountains (Hadhodrond, Moria). See Khazâd; dûm is probably a plural or collective, meaning ‘excavations, halls, mansions’. 42, 104, 354
Khîm Son of Mîm the Petty-dwarf, slam by one of Túrin’s outlaw band. 249
King’s Men Númenóreans hostile to the Eldar and the Elendili. 328-9, 332
Kinslaying, The The slaying of the Teleri by the Noldor at Alqualondë. 98, 100-1, 120, 130, 152, 154, 166, 169, 188
Ladros The lands to the northeast of Dorthonion that were granted by the Noldorin Kings to the Men of the House of Bëor. 177
Laer Cú Beleg ‘The Song of the Great Bow’, made by Túrin at Eithel Ivrin in memory of Beleg Cúthalion. 256
Laiquendi ‘The Green-elves’ of Ossiriand. 110
Lalaith ‘Laughter’, daughter of Húrin and Morwen who died in childhood. 242
Lammoth ‘The Great Echo’, region north of the Firth of Drengist, named from the echoes of Morgoth’s cry in his struggle with Ungoliant. 89-90, 123
Land of Shadow See Mordor.
Land of the Dead that Live See Dor Firn-i-Guinar.
Land of the Star Númenor. 339, 341
Lanthir Lamath ‘Waterfall of Echoing Voices’, where Dior had his house in Ossiriand, and after which his daughter Elwing (‘Star-spray’) was named. 289
Last Alliance The league made at the end of the Second Age between Elendil and Gil-galad to defeat Sauron. 364
Laurelin ‘Song of Gold’, the younger of the Two Trees of Valinor. 34, 64, 82, 114-6, 151
Lay of Leithian The long poem concerning the lives of Beren and Lúthien from which the prose account in The Silmarillion was derived. Leithian is translated ‘Release from Bondage’. 195, 198, 203, 206-8, 226
Legolin The third of the tributaries of Gelion in Ossiriand. 147
lembas Sindarin name of the waybread of the Eldar (from earlier lennmbass ‘journey-bread’; in Quenya coimas ‘life-bread’). 247, 251, 256
Lenwë The leader of the Elves from the host of the Teleri who refused to cross the Misty Mountains on the westward journey from Cuiviénen (the Nandor); father of Denethor. 56, 108
Lhûn River in Eriador flowing into the sea in the Gulf of Lhûn.354, 360
Linaewen ‘Lake of birds’, the great mere in Nevrast. 141
Lindon A name of Ossiriand in the First Age; see 147. After the tumults at the end of the First Age the name Lindon was retained for the lands west of the Blue Mountains that still remained above the Sea: 354, 355, 359, 370
Lindórië Mother of Inzilbêth. 331
Little Gelion One of the two tributary branches of the river Gelion in the north, rising in the Hill of Himring. 146
Loeg Ningloron ‘Pools of the golden water-flowers’; see Gladden Fields.
lómelindi Quenya word meaning ‘dusk-singers’, nightingales. 57
Lómion ‘Son of Twilight’, the Quenya name that Aredhel gave to Maeglin. 159
Lonely Isle See Tol Eressëa.
Lord of Waters See Ulmo.
Lords of the West See Valar.
Lorellin The lake in Lórien in Valinor where the Vala Estë sleeps by day. 21
Lorgan Chief of the Easterling Men in Hithlum after the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, by whom Tuor was enslaved. 294
Lórien (1) The name of the gardens and dwelling-place of the Vala Irmo, who was himself usually called Lórien. 18, 21, 24, 57, 68, 106, 114, 289
Lórien (2) The land ruled by Celeborn and Galadriel between the rivers Celebrant and Anduin. Probably the original name of this land was altered to the form of the Quenya name Lórien of the gardens of the Vala Irmo in Valinor. In Lothlórien the Sindarin word loth ‘flower’ is prefixed. 370
Lórindol ‘Goldenhead’; see Hador.
Losgar The place of the burning of the ships of the Teleri by Fëanor, at the mouth of the Firth of Drengist, 101, 111, 123, 127, 140, 152, 154
Lothlann ‘The wide and empty’, the great plain north of the March of Maedhros. 147, 184, 255
Lothlórien ‘Lórien of the Blossom’; see Lórien (2). 370
Luinil Name of a star (one shining with a blue light). 48
Lumbar Name of a star. 48
Lúthien The daughter of King Thingol and Melian the Maia, who after the fulfilment of the Quest of the Silmaril and the death of Beren chose to become mortal and to share his fate. See Tinúviel. 103, 108, 147, 177, 195, 199-203, 208-30, 242, 290-2, 305, 309, 315, 322
Mablung Elf of Doriath, chief captain of Thingol, friend of Túrin; called ‘of the Heavy Hand’ (which is the meaning of the name Mablung); slain in Menegroth by the Dwarves. 133, 224-6, 230, 244, 267-9, 277-8, 284, 289-90
Maedhros The eldest son of Fëanor, called the Tall; rescued by Fingon from Thangorodrim; held the Hill of Himring and the lands about; formed the Union of Maedhros that ended in the Nirnaeth Arnoediad; bore one of the Silmarils with him to his death at the end of the First Age. 63, 93, 126-32, 135-6, 140, 144-8, 167, 171, 184, 189, 214, 229-35, 239, 292, 305, 310, 313-4
Maeglin ‘Sharp Glance’, son of Eöl and Aredhel Turgon’s sister, born in Nan Elmoth; became mighty in Gondolin, and betrayed it to Morgoth; slain in the sack of the city by Tuor. See Lómion. 104, 159-66, 192, 237, 247, 297-9
Maglor The second son of Fëanor, a great singer and minstrel; held the lands called Maglor’s Gap; at the end of the First Age seized with Maedhros the two Silmarils that remained in Middle-earth, and cast the one that he took into the Sea. 63, 93, 98, 133, 135, 138, 148, 167, 184, 222, 236, 305-6, 310, 313-4
Maglor’s Gap The region between the northern arms of Gelion where there were no hills of defence against the North. 135,148,184
Magor Son of Malach Aradan; leader of the Men of the following of Marach who entered West Beleriand. 172, 177
Mahal The name given to Aulë by the Dwarves. 42
Máhanaxar The Ring of Doom outside the gates of Valmar, in which were set the thrones of the Valar where they sat in council. 33, 50, 52, 77, 86-8, 91, 95, 112
Mahtan A great smith of the Noldor, father of Nerdanel the wife of Fëanor. 69, 75
Maiar Ainur of lesser degree than the Valar (singular Maia). 11, 23-6, 30, 57, 61, 83, 91, 105, 108, 111, 114, 229, 289, 292, 322, 353
Malach Son of Marach; given the Elvish name Aradan. 171, 177
Malduin A tributary of the Teiglin; the name probably means ‘Yellow River’. 251
Malinalda ‘Tree of Gold’, a name of Laurelin. 33
Mandos The place of the dwelling in Aman of the Vala properly called Námo, the Judge, though this name was seldom used, and he himself was usually referred to as Mandos. Named as Vala: 18, 21-3,47, 52, 70, 73, 77-8, 87, 98, 113, 118, 121, 129-30, 154, 227, 308, 316. Named as the place of his dwelling (including Halls of Mandos; also Halls of Awaiting, Houses of the Dead): 22, 38, 42, 52, 61, 68-9, 73, 99, 121, 125, 227, 289. With reference to the Doom of the Noldor and the Curse of Mandos: 150, 154-5, 166, 169, 201, 205, 213, 297
Manwë The chief of the Valar, called also Súlimo, the Elder King, the Ruler of Arda. Passim; see especially 11, 18-9, 35, 70, 129
Marach Leader of the third host of Men to enter Beleriand, ancestor of Hador Lórindol. 171-2, 180
March of Maedhros The open lands to the north of the headwaters of the river Gelion, held by Maedhros and his brothers against attack on East Beleriand; also called the eastern March. 131-2, 147
Mardil Called the Faithful; the first Ruling Steward of Gondor. 369
Mar-nu-Falmar ‘The Land under the Waves’, name of Númenor after the Downfall. 347
Melian A Maia, who left Valinor and came to Middle-earth; afterwards the Queen of King Thingol in Doriath, about which she set a girdle of enchantment, the Girdle of Melian; mother of Lúthien, and foremother of Elrond and Elros. 24-5, 57-8, 61, 103-6, 109, 110-1, 121, 130, 135, 144-5, 151-4, 158, 172, 176, 182, Chapter XIX passim, 229-30, Chapters XXI, XXII passim, 315, 322
Melkor The Quenya name for the great rebellious Vala, the beginning of evil, in his origin the mightiest of the Ainur; afterwards named Morgoth, Bauglir, the Dark Lord, the Enemy, etc. The meaning of Melkor was ‘He who arises in Might’; the Sindarin form was Belegur, but it was never used, save in a deliberately altered form Belegurth ‘Great Death’. Passim (after the rape of the Silmarils usually called Morgoth); see especially 4-5, 8, 25, 50, 51, 70-1, 90-2, 117, 251, 320
Men See especially 37-8, 74,119-21,167-70, 178, 319-20, 326-7; and see also Atani, Children of Ilúvatar, Easterlings.
Menegroth ‘The Thousand Caves’, the hidden halls of Thingol and Melian on the river Esgalduin m Doriath; see especially 58, 106-8, 111-2, 125, 130, 134, 145, 155, 200, 203, 208, 217, 222-6, 229, 243-7, 252, 267, 269, 286-91
Meneldil Son of Anárion, King of Gondor. 368
Menelmacar ‘Swordsman of the Sky’, the constellation Orion. 48
Meneltarma ‘Pillar of Heaven’, the mountain in the midst of Númenor, upon whose summit was the Hallow of Eru Ilúvatar. 322-4, 329, 332-3, 336, 343, 345, 348
Meres of Twilight See Aelin-uial.
Mereth Aderthad The ‘Feast of Reuniting’ held by Fingolfin near the Pools of Ivrin. 132-3
Mickleburg Translation of Belegost: ‘great fortress’. 104
Middle-earth The lands to the east of the Great Sea; also called the Hither Lands, the Outer Lands, the Great Lands, and Endor. Passim.
Mîm The Petty-dwarf, in whose house (Bar-en-Danwedh) on Amon Rûdh Túrin dwelt with the outlaw band, and by whom their lair was betrayed to the Orcs; slain by Húrin in Nargothrond. 248-53, 284
Minas Anor ‘Tower of the Sun’ (also simply Anor), afterwards called Minas Tirith; the city of Anárion, at the feet of Mount Mindolluin. 361-2, 365-8, 377
Minas Ithil ‘Tower of the Moon’ afterwards called Minas Morgul; the city of Isildur, built on a shoulder of the Ephel Dúath. 361-2, 368
Minas Morgul ‘Tower of Sorcery’ (also simply Morgul), name of Minas Ithil after its capture by the Ringwraiths. 368-9, 377
Minastir See Tar-Minastir.
Minas Tirith (1) ‘Tower of Watch’, built by Finrod Felagund on Tol Sirion; see Tol-in-Gaurhoth. 142, 187-9, 251
Minas Tirith (2) Later name of Minas Anor. 297. Called the City of Gondor. 377
Mindeb A tributary of Sirion, between Dimbar and the Forest of Neldoreth. 144, 246
Mindolluin ‘Towering Blue-head’, the great mountain behind Minas Anor. 361, 377
Mindon Eldalieva ‘Lofty Tower of the Eldalië’, the tower of Ingwë in the city of Tirion; also simply the Mindon. 62,76,91,96,100
Míriel (1) The first wife of Finwë, mother of Fëanor; died after Fëanor’s birth. Called Serindë ‘the Broideress’, 63, 67-8, 75
Míriel (2) Daughter of Tar-Palantir, forced into marriage by Ar-Pharazôn, and as his queen named Ar-Zimraphel; also called Tar-Míriel. 345-6
Mirkwood See Greenwood the Great.
Misty Mountains See Hithaeglir.
Mithlond The Grey Havens’, harbours of the Elves on the Gulf of Lhûn; also referred to as the Havens. 354, 359, 371, 378
Mithrandir ‘The Grey Pilgrim’, Elvish name of Gandalf (Olórin), one of the Istari (Wizards). 373-7
Mithrim The name of the great lake in the east of Hithlum, and also of the region about it and of the mountains to the west, separating Mithrim from Dor-lómin. The name was originally that of the Sindarin Elves who dwelt there. 124-8, 131, 242, 294
Mordor The Black Land’, also called the Land of Shadow; Sauron’s realm east of the mountains of the Ephel Dúath. 330, 347, 357, 360-8, 376
Morgoth The Black Enemy’, name of Melkor, first given to him by Fëanor after the rape of the Silmarils. 26, 71, 88 and thereafter passim. See Melkor.
Morgul See Minas Morgul
Moria ‘The Black Chasm’, later name for Khazad-dûm (Hadhodrond). 104, 354, 357, 364
Moriquendi ‘Elves of the Darkness’; see Dark Elves. 54, 58, 103, 125
Mormegil ‘The Black Sword’, name given to Túrin as captain of the host of Nargothrond; see Gurthang. 258-9, 265-7, 271, 275, 278
Morwen Daughter of Baragund (nephew of Barahir, the father of Beren); wife of Húrin and mother of Túrin and Nienor; called Eledhwen (translated in the text as ‘Elfsheen’) and the Lady of Dor-lómin. 178, 187, 194, 241-3, 258-60, 264-5, 267-9, 277, 280, 283, 285
Mountain of Fire See Orodruin.
Mountains: of Aman, of Defence, see Pelóri; of the East, see Orocarni; of Iron, see Ered Engrin; of Mist, see Hithaeglir; of Mithrim, see Mithrim; of Shadow, see Ered Wethrin and Ephel Dúath; of Terror, see Ered Gorgoroth.
Mount Doom See Amon Amarth.
Music of the Ainur See Ainulindalë.
Nahar The horse of the Vala Oromë, said by the Eldar to be so named on account of his voice. 22, 37, 49-50, 54, 85, 108
Námo A Vala, one of the Aratar; usually named Mandos, the place of his dwelling. Námo means ‘Ordainer, Judge’. 21
Nandor Said to mean ‘Those who turn back’: the Nandor were those Elves from the host of the Teleri who refused to cross the Misty Mountains on the westward journey from Cuiviénen, but of whom a part, led by Denethor, came long afterwards over the Blue Mountains and dwelt in Ossiriand (the Green-elves). 55, 107, 146, 244
Nan Dungortheb Also Dungortheb; translated in the text as ‘Valley of Dreadful Death’. The valley between the precipices of Ered Gorgoroth and the Girdle of Melian. 90, 144, 157, 198, 214
Nan Elmoth The forest east of the river Celon where Elwë (Thingol) was enchanted by Melian and lost; afterwards the dwelling-place of Eöl. 58, 61, 104, 158-62, 170, 247,289
Nantathren ‘Willow-vale’, translated as ‘the Land of Willows’, where the river Narog flowed into Sirion. In Treebeard’s song in The Two Towers III 4 Quenya forms of the name are used: in the willow-meads of Tasarinan; Nan-tasarion. 142, 239, 301-2
Nargothrond ‘The great underground fortress on the river Narog’, founded by Finrod Felagund and destroyed by Glaurung; also the realm of Nargothrond extending east and west of the Narog. 134-5, 142-6, 151, 155, 167, 170, 176, 182-3, 188-9, 193, 203-7, 210, 214, 223, 230, 232-4, 239, Chapter XXI passim, 284-5, 287, 295, 297, 354
Narn i Hîn Húrin ‘The Tale of the Children of Húrin’, the long lay from which Chapter XXI was derived; ascribed to the poet Dirhavel, a Man who lived at the Havens of Sirion in the days of Eärendil and perished in the attack of the sons of Fëanor. Narn signifies a tale made in verse, but to be spoken and not sung, 243
Narog The chief river of West Beleriand, rising at Ivrin under Ered Wethrin and flowing into Sirion in Nantathren. 109, 133-4, 142, 145, 203-6, 268, 284
Narsil The sword of Elendil, made by Telchar of Nogrod, that was broken when Elendil died in combat with Sauron; from the shards it was reforged for Aragorn and named Anduril. 364-5
Narsilion The Song of the Sun and Moon. 113
Narya One of the Three Rings of the Elves, the Ring of Fire or the Red Ring; borne by Círdan and afterwards by Mithrandir. 357, 370, 378
Nauglamír ‘The Necklace of the Dwarves’, made for Finrod Felagund by the Dwarves, brought by Húrin out of Nargothrond to Thingol, and the cause of his death. 134, 285-7, 291
Naugrim ‘The Stunted People’, Sindarin name for the Dwarves. 103-5, 107-9, 132, 159, 161, 231, 236, 289
Nazgûl See Ringwraiths.
Necklace of the Dwarves See Nauglamír.
Neithan Name given to himself by Túrin among the outlaws, translated as ‘The Wronged’ (literally ‘one who is deprived’). 245
Neldoreth The great beech-forest forming the northern part of Doriath; called Taur-na-Neldor in Treebeard’s song in The Two Towers HI 4. 57, 103, 105, 109, 145, 199, 208, 242, 289
Nénar Name of a star. 48
Nen Girith ‘Shuddering Water’, name given to Dimrost, the falls of Celebros in the Forest of Brethil. 270-4, 276
Nenning River in West Beleriand, reaching the sea at the Haven of Eglarest. 142, 239, 259
Nenuial ‘Lake of Twilight’, in Eriador, where the river Baranduin rose, and beside which the city of Annúminas was built. 361
Nenya One of the Three Rings of the Elves, the Ring of Water, borne by Galadriel; also called the Ring of Adamant, 357, 370
Nerdanel Called the Wise; daughter of Mahtan the smith, wife of Fëanor. 69, 71, 75
Nessa One of the Valier, the sister of Oromë and spouse of Tulkas. 18, 22, 31
Nevrast The region west of Dor-lómin, beyond Ered Lómin, where Turgon dwelt before his departure to Gondolin. The name, meaning ‘Hither Shore’, was originally that of all the northwestern coast of Middle-earth (the opposite being Haerast ‘the Far Shore’, the coast of Aman). 133-5, 141, 149-50, 156, 239, 240, 295, 302
Nienna One of the Valier, numbered among the Aratar; Lady of pity and mourning, the sister of Mandos and Lórien; see especially 21-2. 18, 21-2, 25, 33, 70, 87, 113
Nienor ‘Mourning’, the daughter of Húrin and Morwen and sister of Túrin; spell-bound by Glaurung at Nargothrond and in ignorance of her past wedded Túrin in Brethil in her name Níniel; cast herself into the Teiglin. 243, 260, 263-4, 267-79
Nimbrethil Birchwoods in Arvernien in the south of Beleriand. Cf. Bilbo’s song at Rivendell: ‘He built a boat of timber felled in Nimbrethil to journey in …’ (The Fellowship of the Ring II 1). 304
Nimloth (1) The White Tree of Númenor, of which a fruit taken by Isildur before it was felled grew into the White Tree of Minas Ithil. Nimloth ‘White Blossom’ is the Sindarin form of Quenya Ninquelótë, one of the names of Telperion. 62, 324, 331-2, 336-8, 342, 361-2
Nimloth (2) Elf of Doriath who wedded Dior Thingol’s Heir; mother of Elwing; slain in Menegroth in the attack by the sons of Fëanor. 290-1
Nimphelos The great pearl given by Thingol to the lord of the Dwarves of Belegost. 105
Níniel ‘Tear-maiden’, the name that Túrin, ignorant of their relationship, gave to his sister; see Nienor.
Ninquelótë ‘White Blossom’, a name of Telperion; see Nimloth (1). 33
niphredil A white flower that bloomed in Doriath in starlight when Lúthien was born. It grew also on Cerin Amroth in Lothlórien (The Fellowship of the Ring II 6, 8). 103
Nirnaeth Arnoediad ‘Tears Unnumbered’ (also simply the Nirnaeth), the name given to the ruinous fifth battle in the Wars of Beleriand. 166, 234-8, 242, 254, 257, 294, 297-8
Nivrim That part of Doriath that lay on the west bank of Sirion. 145
Noegyth Nibin ‘Petty-dwarves’ (see also under Dwarves). 250, 284
Nogrod One of the two cities of the Dwarves in the Blue Mountains; translation into Sindarin of Dwarvish Tumunzahar. See Hollowbold. 104, 107, 132, 158, 161, 215, 231, 250, 285-8, 291
Noldolantë ‘The Fall of the Noldor’, a lament made by Maglor son of Fëanor. 98
Noldor The Deep Elves, the second host of the Eldar on the westward journey from Cuiviénen, led by Finwë. The name (Quenya Noldo, Sindarin Golodh) meant ‘the Wise’ (but wise in the sense of possessing knowledge, not in the sense of possessing sagacity, sound judgement). For the language of the Noldor see Quenya, Passim; see especially 35, 54, 63-8, 137, 356
Nóm, Nómin ‘Wisdom’ and ‘the Wise’, the names that the Men of Bëor’s following gave to Finrod and his people in their own tongue. 168
North Downs In Eriador, where was built the Númenórean city of Fornost 360
Nulukkizdîn Dwarvish name of Nargothrond. 284
Númenor (In full Quenya form Númenórë, 321-2, 347.) ‘Westernesse’, ‘Westland’, the great island prepared by the Valar as a dwelling-place for the Edain after the ending of the First Age. Called also Anadûnë, Andor, Elenna, the Land of the Star, and after its downfall Akallabêth, Atalantë, and Mar-nu-Falmar. 62, 177, 321-37, 341-7, 354, 358-63, 368, 375
Númenóreans The Men of Númenor, called also Dúnedain. 24, 321-35, 337-9, 342-7, 355, 359-65,367-70,372,376-7
Nurtalë Valinóreva ‘The Hiding of Valinor’. 118
Ohtar ‘Warrior’, esquire of Isildur, who brought the shards of Elendil’s sword to Imladris. 367
Oiolossë ‘Ever-snow-white’, the most common name among the Eldar for Taniquetil, rendered into Sindarin as Amon Uilos; but according to the Valaquenta it was the uttermost tower of Taniquetil.. 19, 32
Oiomúrë A region of mists near to the Helcaraxë. 88
Olórin A Maia, one of the Istari (Wizards); see Mithrandir, Gandalf, and cf. The Two Towers IV 5: ‘Olórin I was in my youth in the West that is forgotten’. 25-6
olvar An Elvish word retained in the speeches of Yavanna and Manwë in Chapter II, meaning ‘growing things with roots in the earth’, 43-4
Olwë Leader together with his brother Elwë (Thingol) of the hosts of the Teleri on the westward journey from Cuiviénen; lord of the Teleri of Alqualondë in Aman. 54-8, 60-1, 63-5, 97-100, 107, 130, 152
Ondolindë ‘Stone Song’, the original Quenya name of Gondolin. 149
Orcs Creatures of Morgoth. Passim; for their origin see 50, 106
Orfalch Echor The great ravine through the Encircling Mountains by which Gondolin was approached. 296
Ormal One of the Lamps of the Valar made by Aulë, Ormal stood in the south of Middle-earth. 29-30
Orocarni The Mountains of the East of Middle-earth (the name means “the Red Mountains’). 49
Orodreth The second son of Finarfin; warden of the tower of Minas Tirith on Tol Sirion; King of Nargothrond after the death of Finrod his brother; father of Finduilas; slain in the Battle of Tumhalad. 64, 93, 142, 187-8, 206, 209, 213, 230, 257-61, 266
Orodruin ‘Mountain of Blazing Fire’ in Mordor, in which Sauron forged the Ruling Ring; called also Amon Amarth ‘Mount Doom’. 357, 363-6
Oromë A Vala, one of the Aratar; the great hunter, leader of the Elves from Cuiviénen, spouse of Vana. The name means ‘Horn-blowing’ or ‘Sound of Horns’, cf. Valaróma; in The Lord of the Rings it appears in the Sindarin form Araw. See especially 22-3. 18, 22-3, 31. 37, 47, 49-51, 53-5, 59, 63, 65, 79-82, 85, 93, 106, 108, 114, 184, 209, 225
Oromët A hill pear the haven of Andúnië in the west of Númenor, on which was built the tower of Tar-Minastir. 332
Orthanc ‘Forked Height’, the Númenórean tower in the Circle of Isengard. 361-2, 372
Osgiliath ‘Fortress of the Stars’, the chief city of ancient Gondor, on either side of the river Anduin. 361-4, 368
Ossë A Maia, vassal of Ulmo, with whom he entered the waters of Arda; lover and instructor of the Teleri. 24, 36, 60-1, 64, 98, 141, 240, 321
Ossiriand ‘Land of Seven Rivers’ (these being Gelion and its tributaries flowing down from the Blue Mountains), the land of the Green-elves. Cf. Treebeard’s song in The Two Towers III 4: ‘I wandered in Summer in the elm-woods of Ossiriand. Ah! the light and the music in the Summer by the Seven Rivers of Ossir!’ See Lindon. 108, 110, 133, 144-8, 167, 170-1, 182, 184, 229, 239, 289-91, 354
Ost-in-Edhil ‘Fortress of the Eldar’, the city of the Elves in Eregion. 354-6
Outer Lands Middle-earth (also called the Hither Lands). 35, 36, 47, 88, 102, 115, 308
Outer Sea See Ekkaia.
Palantíri ‘Those that watch from afar’, the seven Seeing Stones brought by Elendil and his sons from Númenor; made by Fëanor in Aman (see 69, and The Two Towers III 11). 342, 362
Pelargir ‘Garth of Royal Ships,’ the Númenórean haven above the delta of Anduin. 329
Pelóri ‘The fencing or defensive heights’, called also the Mountains of Aman and the Mountains of Defence, raised by the Valar after the destruction of their dwelling on Almaren; ranging in a crescent from north to south, close to the eastern shores of Aman. 32, 34, 46, 59, 62, 80-1, 88, 115-7, 210
People of Haleth See Haladin and Haleth.
Periannath The Halflings (Hobbits). 316
Petty-dwarves Translation of Noegyth Nibin. See also under Dwarves.
Pharazôn See Ar-Pharazôn.
Prophecy of the North The Doom of the Noldor, uttered by Mandos on the coast of Araman. 98
Quendi Original Elvish name for Elves (of every kind, including the Avari), meaning ‘Those that speak with voices’. 37-8, 48-53, 57, 61, 73, 76, 114, 121-2, 169
Quenta Silmarillion ‘The History of the Silmarils.’ 355
Quenya The ancient tongue, common to all Elves, in the form that it took in Valinor; brought to Middle-earth by the Noldorin exiles, but abandoned by them as a daily speech, especially after the edict of King Thingol against its use; see especially 133, 155. Not named as such in this book, but referred to as Eldarin, 21, 323, 347; High Eldarin, 322-3; High-elven, 266, 330; the tongue of Valinor, 133; the speech of the Elves of Valinor, 149; the tongue of the Noldor, 155, 159; the High Speech of the West, 155
Radagast One of the Istari (Wizards). 372, 375
Radhruin One of the twelve companions of Barahir on Dorthonion. 187
Ragnor One of the twelve companions of Barahir on Dorthonion. 187
Ramdal ‘Wall’s End’ (see Andram), where the dividing fall across Beleriand ceased’ 146,184
Rána ‘The Wanderer’, a name of the Moon among the Noldor. 114
Rathlóriel ‘Goldenbed’, later name for the river Ascar, after the treasure of Doriath was sunk in it 147, 291
Rauros ‘Roaring Spray’, the great falls in the river Anduin. 369
Red Ring, The See Narya.
Region The dense forest forming the southern part of Doriath. 57, 105, 110, 145, 158, 288-9
Rerir Mountain to the north of Lake Helevorn, where rose the greater of the two tributary branches of Gelion. 132,146-8,184
Rhovanion ‘Wilderland’, the wide region east of the Misty Mountains. 360-1
Rhudaur Region in the northeast of Eriador. 360
Rían Daughter of Belegund (nephew of Barahir, the father of Beren); wife of Huor and mother of Tuor; after Huor’s death died of grief on the Haudh-en-Ndengin. 177, 187, 194, 242, 294
Ringil The sword of Fingolfin. 185
Ring of Doom See Máhanaxar.
Rings of Power 356-7, 373-5; The One Ring, Great Ring, or Ruling Ring: 330, 347, 356-8, 363, 365-6, 370-1, 374-7; Three Rings of the Elves: 357, 370-1, 378 (see also Narya, the Ring of Fire, Nenya, the Ring of Adamant, and Vilya, the Ring of Sapphire). Seven Rings of the Dwarves 357-8, 371, 375. Nine Rings of Men 330, 357-8, 371, 375
Ringwil The stream that flowed into the river Narog at Nargothrond. 146
Ringwraiths The slaves of the Nine Rings of Men and chief servants of Sauron; also called Nazgûl and Úlairi. 330, 361, 368, 372, 376
Rivendell Translation of Imladris.
Rivil Stream falling northwards from Dorthonion and flowing into Sirion in the Fen of Serech. 233, 237. Rivil’s Well 197
Rochallor The horse of Fingolfin. 184
Rohan ‘The Horse-country’, later name in Condor for the great grassy plain formerly called Calenardhon. 369, 377
Rohirrim ‘The Horse-lords’ of Rohan. 369
Romenna ‘Haven on the east coast of Númenor. 331, 336-7, 341, 346
Rothinzil Adûnaic (Númenórean) name of Eärendil’s ship Vingilot, with the same meaning, ‘Foam-flower’. 319-21
Rúmil A Noldorin sage of Tirion, the first deviser of written characters (cf. The Lord of the Rings Appendix E II); to him is attributed the Ainulindalë. 67-8
Saeros Nandorin Elf, one of the chief counsellors of Thingol in Doriath; insulted Túrin in Menegroth, and by him pursued to his death. 244
Salmar A Maia who entered Arda with Ulmo; maker of Ulmo’s great horns, the Ulumúri. 36
Sarn Athrad ‘Ford of Stones’, where the Dwarf-road from Nogrod and Belegost crossed the river Gelion. 104, 167, 287, 291
Saruman ‘Man of Skill’, the name among Men of Curunír (which it translates), one of the Istari (Wizards). 372-3
Sauron ‘The Abhorred’ (in Sindarin called Gorthaur); greatest of the servants of Melkor, in his origin a Maia of Aulë. 26, 47, 52, 169, 187-8, 195-8, 206-8, 210-3, 216, 330, 333-40, 343, 346-8, 353-77
Secondborn, The The Younger Children of Ilúvatar, Men. 44
Seeing Stones See Palantíri.
Serech The great fen north of the Pass of Sirion, where the river Rivil flowed in from Dorthonion. 124, 182, 197, 233, 236, 282
seregon ‘Blood of Stone’, a plant with deep red flowers that grew on Amon Rûdh. 248, 252
Serindë ‘The Broideress’; see Míriel (I).
Seven Fathers of the Dwarves See Dwarves.
Seven Stones See Palantíri.
Shadowy Mountains See Ered Wethrin.
Shepherds of the Trees Ents. 45, 290
Sickle of the Valor See Valacirca.
Silmarien Daughter of Tar-Elendil, the fourth King of Númenor; mother of the first lord of Andúnië and ancestress of Elendil and his sons Isildur and Anárion. 331
Silmarils The three jewels made by Fëanor before the destruction of the Two Trees of Valinor, and filled with their light; see especially 72-3. 35, 72-5, 78, 83, 86-93, 116. 121-2, 126, 130, 136, 152, 202-5, 209, 219-21, 224-6, 230, 243, 286-93, 302-3, 305-6, 310, 313-4
Silpion A name of Telperion. 33
Silvan Elves Also called Woodland Elves. They appear to have been in origin those Nandorin Elves who never passed west of the Misty Mountains, but remained in the Vale of Anduin and in Greenwood the Great; see Nandor 354, 370
Sindar The Grey-elves. The name was applied to all the Elves of Telerin origin whom the returning Noldor found in Beleriand, save for the Green-elves of Ossiriand. The Noldor may have devised this name because the first Elves of this origin whom they met with were in the north, under the grey skies and mists about Lake Mithrim (see Mithrim); or perhaps because the Grey-elves were not of the Light (of Valinor) nor yet of the Dark (Avari), but were Elves of the Twilight (58). But it was held to refer to Elwë’s name Thingol (Quenya Sindacollo, Singollo ‘Grey-cloak’), since he was acknowledged high king of all the land and its peoples. The Sindar called themselves Edhil, plural Edhel. 22, 32, 58, 103, 108, 120, 125, 133, 137-42, 148, 150, 153-5, 164, 171, 182,188-90, 242, 277, 289, 291, 294, 353
Sindarin The Elvish tongue of Beleriand, derived from the common Elvish speech but greatly changed through long ages from Quenya of Valinor; acquired by the Noldorin exiles in Beleriand (see 133, 155). Called also the Grey-elven tongue, the tongue of the Elves of Beleriand, etc. 36, 62-3, 133, 140, 149, 155, 177, 187, 199, 250, 319, 322
Singollo ‘Grey-cloak’, ‘Greymantle’; see Sindar, Thingol,
Sirion ‘The Great River’ flowing from north to south and dividing West from East Beleriand. Passim; see especially 52, 141-2, 145. Falls of Sirion 203, 285. Fens of Sirion 203. Gates of Sirion 146. Havens of Sirion 294, 304-5, 313. Mouths of Sirion 60, 142, 190, 192, 239, 293, 302, 304. Pass of Sirion 135, 141, 182, 193, 215, 234, 237, 260, 265. Vale of Sirion 56, 124, 135, 140, 149, 248, 265, 301
Sons of Fëanor See Maedhros, Maglor, Celegorm, Caranthir, Curufin, Amrod, Amras, Often referred to as a group, especially after the death of their father: 69, 74-5, 77, 93, 126-7, 131-3, 144, 147-8, 152-4, 157, 159-61, 180, 183-4, 204, 213-4, 223, 230-1, 235, 238-9, 292-3, 302,305,313-4
Soronúmë Name of a constellation. 48
Stone of the Hapless Memorial stone of Túrin and Nienor by Cabed Naeramarth in the river Teiglin. 283-4
Straight Road, Straight Way The path over the Sea into the Ancient or True West, on which the ships of the Elves might still sail after the Downfall of Númenor and the Changing of the World. 348-9
Strongbow Translation of Cúthalion, name of Beleg.
Súlimo Name of Manwë, rendered in the Valaquenta as ‘Lord of the Breath of Arda’ (literally ‘the Breather’). 18, 35, 95
Swanhaven See Alqualondë.
Swarthy Men See Easterlings. 189
Talath Dirnen The Guarded Plain, north of Nargothrond. 176, 203, 208, 252, 258, 261
Talath Rhunen ‘The East Vale’, earlier name of Thargelion. 148
Taniquetil ‘High White Peak’, highest of the mountains of the Pelóri and the highest mountain of Arda, upon whose summit are Ilmarin, the mansions of Manwë and Varda; also called the White Mountain, the Holy Mountain, and the Mountain of Manwë. See Oiolossë, 19, 32, 35, 47, 51, 65, 81-4, 88, 93, 96, 129, 307, 344, 348
Tar-Ancalimon Fourteenth King of Númenor, in whose time the Númenóreans became divided into opposed parties. 328
Taras Mountain on a promontory of Nevrast; beneath it was Vinyamar, the dwelling of Turgon before he went to Gondolin. 140, 295
Tar-Atanamir Thirteenth King of Númenor, to whom the Messengers of the Valar came. 327-8
Tar-Calion Quenya name of Ar-Pharazôn. 333, 359
Tar-Ciryatan Twelfth King of Númenor ‘the Shipbuilder’. 327
Tar-Elendil Fourth King of Númenor, father of Silmarien, from whom Elendil was descended. 331
Tar-Minastir Eleventh King of Númenor, who aided Gil-galad against Sauron. 329-30, 332
Tar-Minyatur Name of Elros Halfelven as first King of Númenor. 336
Tar-Míriel See Míriel (2).
Tarn Aeluin The lake on Dorthonion where Barahir and his companions made their lair, and where they were slain. 195-6
Tar-Palantir Twenty-third King of Númenor, who repented of the ways of the Kings, and took his name in Quenya: ‘He who looks afar’. See Inziladûn. 332, 337
Taur-en-Faroth The wooded highlands to the west of the river Narog above Nargothrond; also called the High Faroth. 134, 145, 203
Taur-im-Duinath ‘The Forest between Rivers’, name of the wild country south of the Andram between Sirion and Gelion. 147, 184
Taur-nu-Fuin Later name of Dorthonion: ‘the Forest under Night’. Cf. Deldúwath. 186, 206, 212, 215-6, 221, 223, 245, 253-6
Tauron ‘The Forester’ (translated in the Valaquenta ‘Lord of Forests’), a name of Oromë among the Sindar. Cf. Aldaron. 22
Teiglin A tributary of Sirion, rising in Ered Wethrin and bounding the Forest of Brethil on the south; see also Crossings of Teiglin. 142, 145, 176, 190, 245, 251, 261, 265, 271, 273,279, 284
Telchar The most renowned of the smiths of Nogrod, the maker of Angrist and (according to Aragorn in The Two Towers III 6) of Narsil. 107, 215
Telemnar Twenty-sixth King of Gondor. 368
Teleri The third and greatest of the three hosts of the Eldar on the westward journey from Cuiviénen, led by Elwë (Thingol) and Olwë. Their own name for themselves was Lindar the Singers; the name Teleri the Last-comers, the Hindmost, was given to them by those before them on the march. Many of the Teleri did not leave Middle-earth; the Sindar and the Nandor were Telerin Elves in origin. 36, 54-7, 60-4, 71, 79-80, 83, 96-8, 101, 107, 111,117, 159-60, 164, 306-9, 310, 315, 354
Telperion The elder of the Two Trees of Valinor. 34, 47, 62, 82, 114-5, 247, 324, 361-2. Called the White Tree 62
Telumendil Name of a constellation. 48
Thalion ‘Steadfast, Strong’; see Húrin.
Thalos The second of the tributaries of Gelion in Ossiriand. 147, 167
Thangorodrim ‘Mountains of Tyranny’, reared by Morgoth above Angband; broken down in the Great Battle at the end of the First Age. 90, 109, 125-8, 136,139-40, 180-3, 215, 221, 232, 234, 240, 254, 312, 320, 353-4, 364
Thargelion ‘The Land beyond Gelion’, between Mount Rerir and the river Ascar, where Caranthir dwelt; called also Dor Caranthir and Talath Rhunen. 148, 158, 171, 174, 184
Thingol ‘Grey-cloak’, ‘Greymantle’ (in Quenya Sindacollo, Singollo), the name by which Elwë, leader with his brother Olwë of the host of the Teleri from Cuiviénen and afterwards King of Doriath, was known in Beleriand; also called the Hidden King. See Elwë. 58, 103-10, 125, 130-1, 134, 145, 151-5, 157, 172, 176-7, 182, 190, 199-204, 208-9, 217, 222-7, 229-30, 243-7, 260, 267,269,280, 285-92, 297, 315
Thorondor ‘King of Eagles’. Cf. The Return of the King VI 4: ‘Old Thorondor, who built his eyries in the inaccessible peaks of the Encircling Mountains when Middle-earth was young’. See Crissaegrim. 129, 149, 186, 191, 221, 281, 297, 301, 312
Thousand Caves See Menegroth.
Thranduil Sindarin Elf, King of the Silvan Elves in the north of Greenwood the Great (Mirkwood); father of Legolas, who was of the Fellowship of the Ring. 371
ThurIngwëthil ‘Woman of Secret Shadow’, the messenger of Sauron from Tol-in-Gaurhoth who took the form of a great bat, and in whose shape Lúthien entered Angband. 216
Tilion A Maia, steersman of the Moon. 114-7
Tintallë ‘The Kindler’, a name of Varda as maker of the Stars. She is called thus in Galadriel’s lament in Lórien, The Fellowship of the Ring II 8. Cf. Elbereth, Elentári. 48
Tinúviel The name that Beren gave to Lúthien: a poetic word for the nightingale, ‘Daughter of Twilight’. See Lúthien.
Tirion ‘Great Watchtower’, the city of the Elves on the hill of Túna in Aman. 62, 65-7, 74-5, 77-8, 83, 91, 94-6, 117, 134-5, 149-52, 205, 297, 307, 361
Tol Eressëa ‘The Lonely Isle’ (also simply Eressëa), on which the Vanyar and the Noldor and afterwards the Teleri were drawn across the ocean by Ulmo, and which was at last rooted in the Bay of Eldamar near to the coasts of Aman. On Eressëa the Teleri long remained before they went to Alqualondë; and there dwelt many of the Noldor and the Sindar after the ending of the First Age. 50, 60-2, 64, 118, 306, 310, 315, 321, 324, 331, 345, 349, 355, 362
Tol Galen ‘The Green Isle’ in the river Adurant in Ossiriand, where Beren and Lúthien dwelt after their return. 147, 229, 290
Tol-in-Gaurhoth ‘Isle of Werewolves’, name of Tol Sirion after its capture by Sauron. 188, 208, 210
Tol Morwen Island in the sea after the drowning of Beleriand on which stood the memorial stone of Túrin, Nienor, and Morwen. 284
Tol Sirion Island in the river in the Pass of Sirion on which Finrod built the tower of Minas Tirith; after its capture by Sauron named Tol-in-Gaurhoth. 133, 142, 188
Tulkas A Vala, the ‘greatest in strength and deeds of prowess’, who came last to Arda; also called Astaldo. 18, 22, 29-31, 47, 51, 52, 70-1, 77-80, 85-7
Tumhalad Valley in the land between the rivers Ginglith and Narog, where the host of Nargothrond was defeated. 261
Tumladen ‘The Wide Valley’, the hidden vale in the Encircling Mountains in the midst of which stood the city of Gondolin. (Tumladen was afterwards the name of a valley in Gondor: The Return of the King V 1). 135, 149, 160, 191, 221, 296, 301
Tumunzahar See Nogrod. 104
Túna The green hill in the Calacirya on which Tirion, the city of the Elves, was built. 62, 65-7, 75, 79, 91, 96, 100,117, 135, 149, 307, 324, 344
Tuor Son of Huor and Rían, fostered by the Grey-elves of Mithrim; entered Gondolin bearing the message of Ulmo; wedded Idril Turgon’s daughter, and with her and their son Eärendil escaped from the destruction of the City; in his ship Eärrámë set sail into the West. 177, 242, 294-304, 308
Turambar ‘Master of Doom’, the last name taken by Túrin, during his days in the Forest of Brethil. 266, 270-80, 284
Turgon Called the Wise; the second son of Fingolfin; dwelt at Vinyamar in Nevrast before he departed in secret to Gondolin, which he ruled until his death in the sack of the city; father of Idril the mother of Eärendil 64, 93, 100-2, 133, 135, 140-1, 149-51,155-7, 160, 163-5, 186, 191-3, 221, 231-2, 234-7, 240, 247, 281-2, 294-300, 302, 308, 315
Tûr Haretha The burial-mound of the Lady Haleth in the Forest of Brethil (see Haudh-en-Arwen). 176
Túrin Son of Húrin and Morwen; chief subject of the lay named Narn i Hîn Húrin from which Chapter XXI was derived. For his other names see Neithan, Gorthol, Agarwaen, Mormegil, Wildman of the Woods, Turambar. 177, 178, 205, 242-66, 271, 274-80, 284
Twilight Meres See Aelin-uial.
Two Kindreds Elves and Men. 307-8, 319, 366
Two Trees of Valinor 33-4, 45-6, 53-4, 58, 61-2, 65, 71-2, 78, 83-4, 86, 109, 111-6, 119, 151, 288, 296, 302, 336-7
Uinen A Maia, the Lady of the Seas, spouse of Ossë. 24, 36, 60, 98
Úlairi See Ringwraiths.
Uldor Called the Accursed; son of Ulfang the Black; slain by Maglor in the Nirnaeth Arnoediad. 189, 232, 235-7, 311
Ulfang Called the Black; a chieftain of the Easterlings, who with his three sons followed Caranthir, and proved faithless in the Nirnaeth Arnoediad. 189, 231, 235
Ulfast Son of Ulfang the Black, slain by the sons of Bor in the Nirnaeth Arnoediad. 189, 235
Ulmo A Vala, one of the Aratar, called Lord of Waters and King of the Sea, The name was interpreted by the Eldar to mean ‘The Pourer’ or ‘The Rainer’. See especially 19-20, 36. 8-10, 18-24, 36, 44, 51, 52, 59-61, 64, 70, 97, 116, 120, 133-5, 141, 146, 149-52, 187, 190, 240, 256, 260, 294-8, 301-2, 305-6, 308
Ulumúri The great horns of Ulmo made by the Maia Salmar. 19, 36, 59
Ulwarth Son of Ulfang the Black, slain by the sons of Bor in the Nirnaeth Arnoediad. 189, 235
Úmanyar Name given to those Elves who went on the westward Journey from Cuiviénen but did not reach Aman: ‘Those not of Aman’, beside Amanyar ‘Those of Aman’. 54, 58
Úmarth ‘Ill-fate’, a fictitious name for his father given out by Túrin in Nargothrond. 257
Umbar Great natural haven and fortress of the Númenóreans south of the Bay of Belfalas. 334
Undying Lands Aman and Eressëa; also called the Deathless Lands. 308, 320, 324, 345, 348
Ungoliant The great spider, destroyer with Melkor of the Trees of Valinor. Shelob in The Lord of the Rings was ‘the last child of Ungoliant to trouble the unhappy world’ (The Two Towers IV 9). 79-80, 84, 85, 88-90, 100, 109, 116, 144, 157,198,307
Union of Maedhros The league formed by Maedhros to defeat Morgoth that ended in the Nirnaeth Arnoediad 230
Urthel One of the twelve companions of Barahir on Dorthonion. 187
Urulóki Quenya word meaning ‘fire-serpent’, dragon. 137, 294-304, 308
Utumno The first great stronghold of Melkor, in the north of Middle-earth, destroyed by the Valar. 31, 37, 46, 51-2, 81, 91, 114, 139
Vairë ‘The Weaver’, one of the Valier, the spouse of Námo Mandos. 18, 21
Valacirca ‘The Sickle of the Valar’, name of the constellation of the Great Bear. 48, 211
Valandil Youngest son of Isildur; third King of Arnor. 367
Valaquenta ‘Account of the Valar’, a short work treated as a separate entity from The Silmarillion proper.
Valar ‘Those with Power’, ‘The Powers’ (singular Vala); name given to those great Ainur who entered into Eä at the beginning of Time, and assumed the function of guarding and governing Arda. Called also the Great Ones, the Rulers of Arda, the Lords of the West, the Lords of Valinor. Passim; see especially 10-12, 37, 81-2, and see also Ainur, Aratar.
Valaraukar ‘Demons of Might’ (singular Valarauko), Quenya form corresponding to Sindarin Balrog. 26
Valaróma The horn of the Vala Oromë. 22, 37, 85, 108-9
Valier ‘The Queens of the Valar’ (singular Valie); a term used only in the Valaquenta. 18, 20, 23
Valimar See Valmar.
Valinor The land of the Valar in Aman, beyond the mountains of the Pelóri; also called the Guarded Realm. Passim; see especially 32-3, 117
Valmar The city of the Valar in Valinor; the name also occurs in the form Valimar. In Galadriel’s lament in Lórien (The Fellowship of the Ring II 8) Valimar is made equivalent to Valinor. 21-3, 33, 51, 57, 64, 70, 76-9, 82-4, 94, 117, 227-8, 307-8
Vána One of the Valier, the sister of Yavanna and spouse of Oromë; called the Ever-young. 18, 23, 114
Vanyar The first host of the Eldar on the westward journey from Cuiviénen, led by Ingwë. The name (singular Vanya) means ‘the Fair’, referring to the golden hair of the Vanyar; see Finarfin. 35, 55, 59, 62-5, 69, 71, 83-4, 91, 112-4, 117, 155, 163, 310,315
Varda ‘The Exalted’, ‘The Lofty’; also called the Lady of the Stars. Greatest of the Valier, the spouse of Manwë, dwelling with him on Taniquetil. Other names of Varda, as maker of the Stars, were Elbereth, Elentári, Tintallë. See especially 18-9, 18-9, 23-4, 29, 32, 34-6, 47-8, 54, 62, 73, 83-4, 86, 93, 113-6, 211, 313-6
Vása ‘The Consumer’, a name of the Sun among the Noldor. 114
Vilya One of the Three Rings of the Elves, the Ring of Air, borne by Gil-galad and afterwards by Elrond; also called The Ring of Sapphire. 357, 370
Vingilot (In full Quenya form Vingilótë). ‘Foam-flower’, the name of Eärendil’s ship; see Rothinzil. 305, 310, 312, 319
Vinyamar The house of Turgon in Nevrast under Mount Taras. The meaning is probably ‘New Dwelling’. 135, 141, 150, 155, 295-7
Voronwë ‘The Steadfast’, Elf of Gondolin, the only mariner to survive from the seven ships sent into the West after the Nirnaeth Arnoediad; met with Tuor at Vinyamar and guided him to Gondolin. 240, 295
Westernesse See Anadûnë, Númenor.
White Council The Council of the Wise in the Third Age formed to oppose Sauron. 373-5
White Mountain See Taniquetil.
White Tree See Telperion, Galathilion, Nimhth (1). The White Trees of Minas Ithil and Minas Anor: 337, 342, 361, 364-8, 378
Wildman of the Woods Name adopted by Túrin when he first came among the Men of Brethil. 265
Wilwarin Name of a constellation. The word meant ‘butterfly’ in Quenya, and the constellation was perhaps Cassiopeia. 48
Wizards See Istari. 372
Woodland Elves See Silvan Elves.
Yavanna ‘Giver of fruits’; one of the Valier, numbered among the Aratar; the spouse of Aulë; called also Kementári See especially 20-1. 18, 20-3, 29-30, 33-5, 43-7, 57, 62, 82, 86-8, 90, 103, 113-4, 120, 321, 324, 362
Year of Lamentation The year of the Nirnaeth Arnoediad. 151, 243
APPENDIX
Elements in Quenya and Sindarin Names
These notes have been compiled for those who take an interest in the Eldarin languages, and The Lord of the Rings is extensively drawn upon for illustration. They are necessarily very compressed, giving an air of certainty and finality that is not altogether justified; and they are very selective, this depending both on considerations of length and the limitations of the editor’s knowledge. The headings are not arranged systematically by roots or in Quenya or Sindarin forms, but somewhat arbitrarily, the aim being to make the component elements of names as readily identifiable as possible.
adan (plural Edain) in Adanedhel, Aradan, Dúnedain. For its meaning and history see Atani in the Index.
aelin ‘lake, pool’ in Aelin-uial; cf. lin (2).
aglar ‘glory, brilliance’ in Dagor Aglareb, Aglarond. The form m Quenya, alkar, has transposition of the consonants: to Sindarin aglareb corresponds Alkarinquë. The root is kal- ‘shine’, q.v.
aina ‘holy’ in Ainur, Ainulindalë.
alda ‘tree’ (Quenya) in Aldaron, Aldudénië, Malinalda, corresponding to Sindarin galadh (seen in Caras Galadon and the Galadrim of Lothlórien).
alqua ‘swan’ (Sindarin alph) in Alqualondë; from a root alak- ‘rushing’ occurring also in Ancalagon.
amarth ‘doom’ in Amon Amarth, Cabed Naeramarth, Úmarth, and in the Sindarin form of Túrin’s name ‘Master of Doom’, Turamarth. The Quenya form of the word appears in Turambar.
amon ‘hill’, a Sindarin word occurring as the first element of many names; plural emyn in Emyn Beraid. 445
anca ‘jaws’ in Ancalagon (for the second element in this name see alqua).
an(d) ‘long’ in Andram, Anduin; also in Anfalas (‘Lang-strand’) in Gondor, Cair Andros (‘ship of long-foam’) an island in Anduin, and Angerthas ‘long rune-rows’.
andúnë ‘sunset, west’ in Andúnië, to which corresponds in Sindarin annun, cf. Annúminas, and Henneth Annun ‘window of the sunset’ in Ithilien. The ancient root of these words, ndu, meaning ‘down, from on high’, appears also in Quenya numen ‘the way of the sunset, west’ and in Sindarin dun ‘west’, cf. Dúnedain, Adûnaic adun in Adunakhôr, Anadûnë was a loan from Eldarin speech.
anga ‘iron’, Sindarin ang, in Angainor, Angband, Anghabar, Anglachel, Angrist, Angrod, Anguirel, Gurthang; angren ‘of iron’ in Angrenost, plural engrin in Ered Engrin.
anna ‘gift’ in Annatar, Melian, Yavanna; the same stem m Andor ‘Land of Gift’.
annon ‘great door or gate’, plural ennyn, in Annon-in-Gelydh; cf. Morannon the ‘Black Gate’ of Mordor and Sirannon the ‘Gate-stream’ of Moria.
ar- ‘beside, outside’ (whence Quenya ar ‘and’, Sindarin a), probably in Araman ‘outside Aman’; cf. also (Nirnaeth) Arnoediad ‘(Tears) without reckoning’.
ar(a)- ‘high, noble, royal’ appears in a great many names, as Aradan, Aredhel, Argonath, Arnor, etc.; extended stem arat-appearing in Aratar, and in arato ‘champion, eminent man’, e.g. Angrod from Angaráto and Finrod from Findaráto; also aran ‘king’ in Aranrúth. Ereinion ‘scion of kings’ (name of Gil-galad) has the plural of aran; cf. Fornost Erain ‘Norbury of the Kings’ in Arnor. The prefix Ar-of the Adûnaic names of the Kings of Númenor was derived from this.
arien (the Maia of the Sun) is derived from a root as-seen also in Quenya árë ‘sunlight’.
atar ‘father’ in Atanatári (see Atani in Index), Ilúvatar.
band ‘prison, duress’ m Angband; from original mbando, of which the Quenya form appears in Mandos (Sindarin Angband=Quenya Angamando).
bar ‘dwelling’ in Bar-en-Danwedh. The ancient word mbar (Quenya mar, Sindarin bar) meant the ‘home’ both of persons and of peoples, and thus appears in many place-names, as Brithombar, Dimbar (the first element of which means ‘sad, gloomy’), Eldamar, Val(i)mar, Vinyamar, Mar-nu-Falmar. Mardil, name of the first of the Ruling Stewards of Gondor, means ‘devoted to the house’ (i.e. of the Kings).
barad ‘tower’ in Barad-dûr, Barad Either Barad Nimras; the plural in Emyn Beraid.
beleg ‘mighty’ in Beleg, Belegaer, Belegost, Laer Cú Beleg.
brago ‘sudden’ in Dagor Bragollach.
brethil probably means ‘silver birch’; cf. Nimbrethil the birchwoods in Arvernien, and Fimbrethil, one of the Entwives.
brith ‘gravel’ m Brithiach, Brithombar, Brithon.
(For many names beginning with C see entries under K)
calen (galen) the usual Sindarin word for ‘green’, in Ard-galen, Tol Galen, Calenardhon; also in Parth Galen (‘Green Sward’) beside Anduin and Pinnath Gelin (‘Green Ridges’) in Gondor. See kal-.
cam (from kamba) ‘hand’, but specifically of the hand held cupped in the attitude of receiving or holding, in Camlost, Erchamion.
carak-This root is seen in Quenya carca ‘fang’, of which the Sindarin form carch occurs in Carcharoth, and also in Carchost (‘Fang Fort’, one of the Towers of the Teeth at the entrance to Mordor). Cf. Caragdûr, Carach Angren (‘Iron Jaws’, the rampart and dike guarding the entrance to Udun in Mordor), and Helcaraxë.
caran ‘red’, Quenya carnë, in Caranthir, Carnil, Orocarni; also in Caradhras, from caran-rass, the ‘Redhorn’ in the Misty Mountains, and Carnimirie ‘red-jewelled’, the rowan-tree m Treebeard’s song. The translation of Carcharoth in the text as ‘Red Maw’ must depend on association with this word; see carak-.
celeb ‘silver’ (Quenya telep, telpë, as in Telperion) in Celeborn, Celebrant, Celebros. Celebrimbor means ‘silver-fist’, from the adjective celebrin ‘silver’ (meaning not ‘made of silver’ but ‘like silver, in hue or worth’) and paur (Quenya quare) ‘fist’ often used to mean ‘hand’; the Quenya form of the name was Telperinquar. Celebrindal has celebrin and tal, dal ‘foot’.
coron ‘mound’ in Corollairë (also called Coron Oiolairë, which latter word appears to mean ‘Ever-summer’, cf. Oiolossë); cf. Cerin Amroth, the great mound in Lothlórien.
cú ‘bow’ in Cúthalion, Dor Cúarthol, Laer Cú Beleg.
cuivië ‘awakening’ in Cuiviénen (Sindarin Nen Echui). Other derivatives of the same root are Dor Firn-i-Guinar; coire, the first beginning of Spring, Sindarin echuir. The Lord of the Rings Appendix D; and coimas ‘life-bread’, Quenya name of lembas.
cul- ‘golden-red’ in Culúrien.
curu ‘skill’ in Curuftn(we), Curunír.
dae ‘shadow’ in Dor Daedeloth, and perhaps m Daeron.
dagor ‘battle’; the root is ndak-, cf. Haudh-en-Ndengin. Another derivative is Dagnir (Dagnir Glaurunga ‘Glaurung’s Bane’).
del ‘horror* in Deldúwath; deloth ‘abhorrence’ in Dor Daedeloth.
dîn ‘silent’ in Dor Dínen; cf. Rath Dínen, the Silent Street in Minas Tirith, and Amon Dîn, one of the beacon-hills of Gondor.
dol ‘head’ in Lórindol; often applied to hills and mountains, as in Dol Guldur, Dolmed, Mindolluin (also Nardol, one of the beacon-hills of Gondor, and Fanuidhol, one of the Mountains of Moria).
dôr ‘land’ (i.e. dry land as opposed to sea) was derived from ndor; it occurs in many Sindarin names, as Doriath, Dorthonion, Eriador, Gondor, Mordor, etc. In Quenya the stem was blended and confused with a quite distinct word nórë meaning ‘people’; in origin Valinórë was strictly ‘the people of the Valar’, but Valandor ‘the land of the Valar’, and similarly Númen(n)órë ‘people of the West’, but Númendor ‘land of the West’. Quenya Endor ‘Middle-earth’ was from ened ‘middle’ and ndor; this in Sindarin became Ennor (cf. ennorath ‘middle lands’ in the chant A Elbereth Gilthoniel).
draug ‘wolf’ in Draugluin.
dú ‘night, dimness’ in Deldúwath, Ephel Dúath. Derived from earlier dömë, whence Quenya lómë; thus Sindarin dúlin ‘nightingale’ corresponds to lómelindë.
duin ‘(long) river’ in Anduin, Baranduin, Esgalduin, Malduin, Taur-im-Duinath.
dûr ‘dark’ in Barad-dûr, Caragdûr, Dol Guldur; also in Durthang (a castle in Mordor).
ëar ‘sea’ (Quenya) in Eärendil, Eärrámë, and many other names. The Sindarin word gaer (in Belegaer) is apparently derived from the same original stem.
echor in Echoriath ‘Encircling Mountains’ and Orfalch Echor; cf. Rammas Echor ‘the great wall of the outer circle’ about the Pelennor Fields at Minas Tirith.
edhel ‘elf (Sindarin) in Adanedhel, Aredhel, Glóredhel, Ost-in-Edhil; also in Peredhil ‘Halfelven’.
eithel ‘well’ m Eithel Ivrin, Eithel Sirion, Barad Eithel; also in Mitheithel, the river Hoarwell in Eriador (named from its source). See kel-.
êl, elen ‘star’. According to Elvish legend, ele was a primitive exclamation ‘behold!’ made by the Elves when they first saw the stars. From this origin derived the ancient words êl and elen, meaning ‘star’, and the adjectives elda and elena, meaning ‘of the stars’. These elements appear in a great many names. For the later use of the name Eldar see the Index. The Sindarin equivalent of Elda was Edhel (plural Edhil), q.v.; ‘but the strictly corresponding form was Eledh, which occurs in Eledhwen.
er ‘one, alone’, in Amon Ereb (cf, Erebor, the Lonely Mountain), Erchamion, Eressëa, Eru.
ereg ‘thorn, holly’ in Eregion, Region.
esgal ‘screen, hiding’ in Esgalduin.
falas ‘shore, line of surf’ (Quenya falassë) in Falas, Belfalas; also Anfalas in Gondor. Cf. Falathar, Falathrim. Another derivative from the root was Quenya falma ‘(crested) wave’, whence Falmari, Mar-nu-Falmar.
faroth is derived from a root meaning ‘hunt, pursue’; in the Lay of Leithian the Taur-en-Faroth above Nargothrond are called ‘the Hills of the Hunters’.
faug- ‘gape’ in Anfauglir, Anfauglith, Dor-nu-Fauglith.
fea ‘spirit’ in Fëanor, Fëanturi.
fin- ‘hair’ in Finduilas, Fingon, Finrod, Glorftndel.
formen ‘north’ (Quenya) in Formenos; Sindarin forn (also for, forod) in Fornost.
fuin ‘gloom, darkness’ (Quenya huine) in Fuinur, Taur-nu-Fuin.
gaer ‘sea’ in Belegaer (and in Gaerys, Sindarin name of Ossë). Said to derive from the stem gaya ‘awe, dread’, and to have been the name made for the vast and terrifying Great Sea when the Eldar first came to its shores.
gaur ‘werewolf (from a root ngwaw- ‘howl’) m Tol-in-Gaurhoth.
gil ‘star’ in Dagor-nuin-Giliath, Osgiliath (giliath ‘host of stars’); Gil-Estel, Gil-galad.
girith ‘shuddering’ in Nen Girith; cf. also Girithron, name of the last month of the year in Sindarin (The Lord of the Rings Appendix D).
glin ‘gleam’ (particularly applied to the eyes) in Maeglin.
golodh is the Sindarin form of Quenya Noldo; see gul Plural Golodhrim, and Gelydh (in Annon-in-Gelydh).
gond ‘stone’ in Gondolin, Gondor, Gonnhirrim, Argonath, seregon. The name of the hidden city of King Turgon was devised by him in Quenya as Ondolindë (Quenya ondo= Sindarin gond, and lindë ‘singing, song’); but it was known always in legend in the Sindarin form Gondolin, which was probably interpreted as gond-dolen ‘Hidden Rock’.
gor ‘horror, dread’ in Gorthaur, Gorthol; goroth of the same meaning, with reduplicated gor, in Gorgoroth, Ered Gorgoroth.
groth (grod) ‘delving, underground dwelling’ m Menegroth, Nogrod (probably also in Nimrodel, ‘lady of the white cave’). Nogrod was originally Novrod ‘hollow delving’ (hence the translation Hollowbold), but was altered under the influence of naug ‘dwarf’.
gul ‘sorcery’ in Dol Guldur, Minas Morgul. This word was derived from the same ancient stem ngol-that appears in Noldor; cf. Quenya nólë ‘long study, lore, knowledge’. But the Sindarin word was darkened in sense by its frequent use in the compound morgul ‘black arts’.
gurth ‘death’ in Gurthang (see also Melkor in the Index).
gwaith ‘people’ in Gwaith-i-Mírdain; cf. Enedwaith ‘Middle-folk’, name of the land between the Greyflood and the Isen.
gwalh, wath ‘shadow’ in Deldúwath, Ephel Dúath; also in Gwathlo, the river Greyflood in Eriador. Related forms in Ered Wethrin, ThurIngwëthil. (This Sindarin word referred to dim light, not to the shadows of objects cast by light: these were called morchaint ‘dark shapes’.)
hadhod in Hadhodrond (translation of Khazad-dûm) was a rendering of Khazâd into Sindarin sounds.
haudh ‘mound’ in Haudh-en-Arwen, Haudh-en-Elleth, etc.
heru ‘lord’ in Herumor, Herunúmen; Sindarin hir in Gonnhirrim, Rohirrim, Barahir; híril ‘lady’ in Hírilorn.
him ‘cool’ in Himlad (and Himring?).
hîn ‘children’ in Eruhini ‘Children of Eru’; Narn i Hîn Húrin.
hith ‘mist’ in Hithaeglir, Hithlum (also in Nen Hithoel, a lake in Anduin). Hithlum is Sindarin in form, adapted from the Quenya name Hísilómë given by the Noldorin exiles (Quenya hísië ‘mist’, cf. Hísimë, the name of the eleventh month of the year. The Lord of the Rings Appendix D).
hoth ‘host, horde’ (nearly always in a bad sense) in Tol-in-Gaurhoth; also in Loss(h)oth, the Snowmen of Forochel (The Lord of the Rings Appendix A [I, iii]) and Glamhoth ‘din-horde’, a name for Orcs.
hyarmen ‘south’ (Quenya) in Hyarmentir; Sindarin har-, harn, harad.
ia ‘void, abyss’ m Moria.
iant ‘bridge’ in Iant Iaur.
iâth ‘fence’ in Doriath.
iaur ‘old’ in Iant Iaur; cf. the Elvish name of Bombadil, Iarwain.
ilm-This stem appears in Ilmen, Ilmarë, and also in Ilmarin (‘mansion of the high airs’, the dwelling of Manwë and Varda upon Oiolossë).
ilúvë ‘the whole, the all’ in Ilúvatar.
kal’ (gal-) This root, meaning ‘shine’, appears in Calacirya, Calaquendi, Tar-Calion; galvorn, Gil-galad, Galadriel. The last two names have no connexion with Sindarin galadh tree’, although in the case of Galadriel such a connexion was often made, and the name altered to Galadhriel. In the High-elven speech her name was Al(a)táriel, derived from alata ‘radiance’ (Sindarin galad) and riel ‘garlanded maiden’ (from a root rig- ‘twine, wreathe’): the whole meaning ‘maiden crowned with a radiant garland’, referring to her hair. calen (galen) ‘green’ is etymologically ‘bright’, and derives from this root; see also aglar.
káno ‘commander’: this Quenya word is the origin of the second element m Fingon and Turgon.
kel- ‘go away’, of water ‘flow away, flow down’, in Celon; from et-kele ‘issue of water, spring’ was derived, with transposition of the consonants, Quenya ehtele, Sindarin eithel.
kemen ‘earth’ in Kementári; a Quenya word referring to the earth as a flat floor beneath menel, the heavens.
kheliek- ‘ice’ in Helcar, Helcaraxë (Quenya helka ‘icy, ice-cold’). But in Helevorn the first element is Sindarin heledh ‘glass’, taken from Khuzdul kheled (cf. Kheled-zaram ‘Mirrormere’); Helevorn means ‘black glass’ (cf. galvorn).
khil- ‘follow’ in Hildor, Hildórien, Eluchíl.
kir- ‘cut, cleave’ in Calacirya, Cirth, Angerthas, Cirith (Ninniach, Thoronath). From the sense ‘pass swiftly through’ was derived Quenya círya ‘sharp-prowed ship’ (cf. English cutter), and this meaning appears also in Círdan, Tar-Ciryatan, and no doubt in the name of Isildur’s son Círyon.
lad ‘plain, valley’ in Dagorlad, Himlad; imlad a narrow valley with steep sides, in Imladris (cf. also Imlad Morgul in the Ephel Dúath).
laure ‘gold’ (but of light and colour, not of the metal) in Laurelin; the Sindarin forms in Glóredhel, Glorfindel, Loeg Ningloron, Lórindol, Rathlóriel.
lhach ‘leaping flame’ m Dagor Bragollach, and probably in Anglachel (the sword made by Eöl of meteoric iron).
lin (1) ‘pool, mere’ in Linaewen (which contains aew [Quenya aiwe] ‘small bird’), Teiglin; cf. aelin.
lin- (2) This root, meaning ‘sing, make a musical sound’, occurs in Ainulindalë, Laurelin, Lindar, Lindon, Ered Lindon, lómelindi.
lith ‘ash’ in Anfauglith, Dor-nu-Fauglith; also in Ered Lithui, the Ashen Mountains, forming the northern border of Mordor, and Lithlad ‘Plain of Ashes* at the feet of Ered Lithui.
lok- ‘bend, loop’ in Urulóki (Quenya [h]lókë ‘snake, serpent’, Sindarin Ihûg).
lóm ‘echo’ in Dor-lómin, Ered Lómin; related are Lammoth, Lanthir Lamath.
lómë ‘dusk’ m Lómion, lómelindi; see dú.
londë ‘land-locked haven’ in Alqualondë; the Sindarin form lond (lonn) in Mithlond.
los ‘snow’ in Oiolossë (Quenya oio ‘ever’ and losse ‘snow, snow-white’); Sindarin loss in Amon Uilos and Aeglos.
loth ‘flower’ in Lothlórien, Nimloth; Quenya lótë in Ninquelótë, Vingilótë.
luin ‘blue’ in Ered Luin, Helluin, Luinil, Mindolluin.
maeg ‘sharp, piercing’ (Quenya maika) in Maeglin.
mal- ‘gold’ in Malduin, Malinalda; also m mallorn, and in the Field of Cormallen, which means ‘golden circle’ and was named from the culumalda trees that grew there (see cul-).
man- ‘good, blessed, unmarred’ in Aman, Manwë; derivatives of Aman in Amandil, Araman, Úmanyar.
mel- ‘love’ in Melian (from Melyanna ‘dear gift’); this stem is seen also in the Sindarin word mellon ‘friend’ m the inscription on the West-gate of Moria.
men ‘way’ in Númen, Hyarmen, Rómen, Formen.
menel ‘the heavens’ m Meneldil, Menelmacar, Meneltarma.
mereth ‘feast’ in Mereth Aderthad; also in Merethrond, the Hall of Feasts in Minas Tirith.
minas ‘tower’ in Annúminas, Minas Anor, Minas Tirith, etc. The same stem. occurs in other words referring to isolated, prominent, things, e.g. Mindolluin, Mindon; probably related is Quenya minya ‘first’ (cf. Tar-Minyatur, the name of Elros as first King of Númenor).
mîr ‘jewel’ (Quenya mîrë) m Elemmírë, Gwaith-i-Mírdain, Míriel, Nauglamír, Tar-Atanamir.
mith ‘grey’ in Mithlond, Mithrandir, Mithrim; also hi Mitheithel, the river Hoarwell in Eriador.
mor ‘dark’ in Mordor, Morgoth, Moria, Moriquendi, Mormegil, Morwen, etc.
moth ‘dusk’ in Nan Elmoth.
nan(d) ‘valley’ m Nan Dungortheb, Nan Elmoth, Nan Tathren.
nár ‘fire’ in Narsil, Narya; present also in the original forms of Aegnor (Aikanáro ‘Sharp Flame’ or ‘Fell Fire’) and Fëanor (Feanaro ‘Spirit of Fire’). The Sindarin form was naur, as in Sammath Naur, the Chambers of Fire in Orodruin. Derived from the same ancient root (a)nar was the name of the Sun, Quenya Anar (also in Anárion), Sindarin Anor (cf. Minas Anor, Anorien).
naug ‘dwarf’ in Naugrim; see also Nogrod in entry groth. Related is another Sindarin word for ‘dwarf’, nogoth, plural noegyth (Noegyth Nibin ‘Petty-dwarves’) and nogothrim.
-(n)dil is a very frequent ending of personal names, Amandil, Eärendil (shortened Eärnil), Elendil, Mardil, etc.; it implies ‘devotion’, ‘disinterested love’ (see Mardil in entry bar).
-{n)dur in names such as Eärendur (shortened Eärnur) is similar in meaning to -(n)dil.
neldor ‘beech’ in Neldoreth; but it seems that this was properly the name of Hírilorn, the great beech-tree with three trunks (nelde ‘three’ and orn).
nen ‘water’, used of lakes, pools, and lesser rivers, in Nen Girith, Nenning, Nenuial, Nenya; Cuiviénen, Uinen; also in many names in The Lord of the Rings, as Nen Hithoel, Bruinen, Emyn Arnen, Núrnen. Nîn ‘wet’ in Loeg Ningloron; also in Nindalf.
nim ‘white’ (from earlier nimf, nimp) in Nimbrethil, Nimloth, Nimphelos, niphredil (niphred ‘pallor’), Barad Nimras, Ered Nimrais. The Quenya form was ninque; thus Ninquelótë=Nimloth. Cf. also Taniquetil.
orn ‘tree’ in Celeborn, Hírilorn; cf. Fangorn ‘Treebeard’ and mallorn, plural mellyrn, the trees of Lothlórien.
orod ‘mountain’ in Orodruin, Thangorodrim; Orocarni, Oromët. Plural ered in Ered Engrin, Ered Linden, etc.
os(t) ‘fortress’ in Angrenost, Belegost, Formenos, Fornost, Mandos, Nargothrond (from Narog-ost-rond), Os(t)giliaih, Ost-in-Edhil.
palan (Quenya) ‘far and wide’ in Palantíri, Tar-Palantir.
pel- ‘go round, encircle’ in Pelargir, Pelóri, and in the Pelennor, the ‘fenced land’ of Minas Tirith; also in Ephel Brandir, Ephel Dúath (ephel from et-pel ‘outer fence’).
quen- (quet-) ‘say, speak’ in Quendi (Calaquendi, Laiquendi, Moriquendi), Quenya, Valaquenta, Quenta Silmarillion. The Sindarin forms have p (or b) for qu; e.g. pedo ‘speak’ in the inscription on the West-gate of Moria, corresponding to the Quenya stem quet; and Gandalf’s words before the gate, lasto beth lammen ‘listen to the words of my tongue’, where beth ‘word’ corresponds to Quenya quetta.
ram ‘wall’ (Quenya ramba) in Andram, Ramdal; also in Rammas Echor, the wall about the Pelennor Fields at Minas Tirith.
ran- ‘wander, stray’ in Rána, the Moon, and in Mithrandir, Aerandir; also in the river Gilraen in Gondor.
rant ‘course’ in the river-names Adurant (with adu ‘double’) and Celebrant (‘Silverlode’).
ras ‘horn’ in Barad Nimras, also in Caradhras (‘Redhorn’) and Methedras (‘Last Peak’) in the Misty Mountains; plural rais in Ered Nimrais.
rauko ‘demon’ in Valaraukar; Sindarin raug, rog in Balrog.
ril ‘brilliance’ in Idril, Silmaril; also in Anduril (the sword of Aragorn) and in mithril (Moria-silver). Idril’s name in Quenya form was Itarillë (or Itarildë), from a stem ita- ‘sparkle’.
rim ‘great number, host’ (Quenya rimbe) was commonly used to form collective plurals, as Golodhrim, Mithrim (see the Index), Naugrim, Thangorodrim, etc.
ring ‘cold, chill’ in Ringil, Ringwil, Himring; also in the river Ringló in Gondor, and in Ringarë, Quenya name of the last month of the year (The Lord of the Rings Appendix D).
ris ‘cleave’ appears to have blended with the stem kris-of similar meaning (a derivative of the root kir- ‘cleave, cut’, q.v.); hence Angrist (also Orcrist ‘Orc-cleaver’, the sword of Thorin Oakenshield), Crissaegrim, Imladris.
roch ‘horse’ (Quenya rokko) in Rochallor, Rohan (from Rochand ‘land of horses’), Rohirrim; also in Roheryn ‘horse of the lady’ (cf. heru), Aragorn’s horse, which was so called because given to him by Arwen (The Return of the King V 2).
rom-A stem used of the sound of trumpets and horns which appears in Oromë and Valaróma; cf. Bema, the name of this Vala in the language of Rohan as translated into Anglo-Saxon in The Lord of the Rings Appendix A (II): Anglo-Saxon bëme ‘trumpet’.
romen ‘uprising, sunrise, east’ (Quenya) in Romenna. The Sindarin words for ‘east’, rhûn (in Talath Rhunen) and amrûn, were of the same origin.
rond meant a vaulted or arched roof, or a large hall or chamber so roofed; so Nargothrond (see ost), Hadhodrond, Aglarond. It could be applied to the heavens, hence the name Elrond ‘star-dome’.
ros ‘foam, spindrift, spray’ in Celebros, Elros, Rauros; also in Cair Andros, an island in the river Anduin.
ruin ‘red flame’ (Quenya runya) in Orodruin.
ruth ‘anger’ in Aranrúth.
sarn ‘(small) stone’ in Sarn Athrad (Sarn Ford on the Brandywine is a half-translation of this); also in Sarn Gebir (‘stone-spikes’: ceber, plural cebir ‘stakes’), rapids in the river Anduin. A derivative is Serni, a river m Gondor.
sereg ‘blood’ (Quenya serke) in seregon.
sil- (and variant thil-) ‘shine (with white or silver light)’ in Belthil, Galathilion, Silpion, and in Quenya Isil, Sindarin Ithil, the Moon (whence Isildur, Narsil; Minas Ithil, Ithilien). The Quenya word Silmarilli is said to derive from the name silima that Fëanor gave to the substance from which they were made.
sîr ‘river’, from root sir- ‘flow’, in Ossiriand (the first element is from the stem of the numeral ‘seven’, Quenya otso, Sindarin odo), Sirion; also in Sirannon (the ‘Gate-stream’ of Moria) and Sirith (‘a flowing’, as tirith ‘watching’ from tir), a river in Gondor. With change of s to h in the middle of words it is present in Minhiriath ‘between the rivers’, the region between the Brandywine and the Greyflood; in Nanduhirion ‘vale of dim streams’, the Dimrill Dale (see nan[d] and dú), and in Ethir Anduin, the outflow or delta of Anduin (from et-sir).
sûl ‘wind’ in Amon Sûl, Súlimo; cf. súlimë, Quenya name of the third month of the year (The Lord of the Rings Appendix D).
tal (dal) ‘foot’ in Celebrindal, and with the meaning ‘end’ in Ramdal.
talath ‘flat lands, plain’ in Talath Dirnen, Talath Rhunen.
tar- ‘high’ (Quenya tara ‘lofty’), prefix of the Quenya names of the Númenórean Kings; also in Annatar. Feminine tari ‘she that is high, Queen’ in Elentári, Kementári. Cf. tarma ‘pillar’ in Meneltarma.
tathar ‘willow’; adjective tathren m Nantathren; Quenya tasare in Tasarinan, Nan-tasarion (see Nantathren in the Index).
taur ‘wood, forest’ (Quenya taure) in Tauron, Taur-im-Duinath, Taur-nu-Fuin.
tel- ‘finish, end, be last’ in Teleri.
thalion ‘strong, dauntless’ m Cúthalion, Thalion.
thong ‘oppression’ in Thangorodrim, also in Durthang (a castle in Mordor). Quenya sanga meant ‘press, throng’, whence Sangahyando ‘Throng-cleaver’, name of a man in Gondor (The Lord of the Rings Appendix A [I, iv]).
thar- ‘athwart, across’ in Sarn Athrad, Thargelion; also in Tharbad (from thara-pata ‘crossway*) where the ancient road from Arnor and Gondor crossed the Greyflood.
thaur ‘abominable, abhorrent’ in Sauron (from Thauron), Gorthaur.
thin(d) ‘grey’ in Thingol; Quenya sinda in Sindar, Singollo (Sindacollo: collo ‘cloak’).
thôl ‘helm’ in Dor Cúarthol, Gorthol.
thon ‘pine-tree’ in Dorthonion.
thoron ‘eagle’ in Thorondor (Quenya Sorontar), Cirith Thoronath. The Quenya form is perhaps present in the constellation-name Soronúmë.
til ‘point, horn’ in Taniquetil, Tilion (‘the Horned’); also in Celebdil ‘Silvertine’, one of the Mountains of Moria.
tin- ‘sparkle’ (Quenya tinta ‘cause to sparkle’, tinwe ‘spark’) in Tintallë; also in tindómë ‘starry twilight’ (The Lord of the Rings Appendix D), whence tindómerel ‘daughter of the twilight’, a poetic name for the nightingale (Sindarin Tinúviel). It appears also in Sindarin ithildin ‘starmoon’, the substance of which the devices on the West-gate of Moria were made.
tir ‘watch, watch over’ in Minas Tirith, palantíri, Tar-Palantir, Tirion.
tol ‘isle’ (rising with sheer sides from the sea or from a river) in Tol Eressëa, Tol Galen, etc.
turn ‘valley’ in Tumhalad, Tumladen; Quenya tumbo (cf. Treebeard’s tumbalemorna ‘lack deep valley’. The Two Towers III 4). Cf. Utumno, Sindarin Udûn (Gandalf in Mordor named the Balrog ‘Flame of Udûn’), a name afterwards used of the deep dale in Moria between the Morannon and the Isenmouths.
tur ‘power, mastery’ in Turambar, Turgon, Túrin, Fëanturi, Tar-‘Minyatur.
uial ‘twilight’ in Aelin-uial, Nenuial.
ur- ‘heat, be hot’ in Urulóki; cf. Urimë and Urui, Quenya and Sindarin names of the eighth month of the year (The Lord of the Rings Appendix D). Related is the Quenya word aure ‘sunlight, day’ (cf. Fingon’s cry ‘before the Nirnaeth Arnoediad), Sindarin aur, which in the form Or-is prefixed to the names of the days of the week.
val- ‘power’ in Valar, Valacirca, Valaquenta, Valaraukar, Val(i)mar, Valinor. The original stem was bal-, preserved in Sindarin Balan, plural Belain, the Valar, and in Balrog.
wen ‘maiden’ is a frequent ending, as in Eärwen, Morwen.
wing ‘foam, spray’ in Elwing, Vingilot (and only in these two names).
yave ‘fruit’ (Quenya) in Yavanna; cf. Yavannie, Quenya name of the ninth month of the year, and yavie ‘autumn’ (The Lord of the Rings Appendix D).
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