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Jane Randolph Jefferson, née Jane Randolph (February 9, 1721– March 31, 1776) was the wife of and the mother of president .

Born February 9, 1721 in Parish, Tower Hamlets, London, she was the daughter of and Jane Rogers, and a cousin of .

Randolph was born in one of the , , a poor maritime neighborhood of . It is most likely that she emigrated to Virginia as a child with her family and that her education was received entirely at home. Little is known of her, for Jefferson rarely mentioned his mother in his extensive writings. According to the 20th-century biographer , she represented “zero quantity” in her son Thomas’s life, although more recent scholarship questions Peterson’s conclusions.

Randolph married Peter Jefferson in Virginia in 1739. Together, they had the following children:

• Jane Jefferson (1740–1765) - close to her brother Thomas, she died unmarried at age 25.

• Mary Jefferson Bolling (1741–1811) - her husband John Bolling served in the Virginia House of Burgesses.

• (1743–1826), third President of the United States

• Elizabeth Jefferson (1744–1774) - mentally handicapped

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