“Enter not into the path of the wicked, and go not in the way of
evil men. Avoid it, pass not by it, turn from it, and pass away.
“—Proverbs iv. 14, 15.
The chief cause of the wickedness which is every where seen in the
world, and in which, alas! each of us has more or less his share, is
our curiosity to have some fellowship with darkness, some experience of
sin, to know what the pleasures of sin are like. I believe it is even
thought unmanly by many persons (though they may not like to say so in
plain words), unmanly and a thing to be ashamed of, to have no
knowledge of sin by experience, as if it argued a strange seclusion
from the world, a childish ignorance of life, a simpleness and
narrowness of mind, and a superstitious, slavish fear. Not to know sin
by experience brings upon a man the laughter and jests of his
companions: nor is it wonderful this should be the case in the
descendants of that guilty pair to whom Satan in the beginning held out
admittance into a strange world of knowledge and enjoyment, as the
reward of disobedience to God's commandment. “When the woman saw that
the tree was good for food, and that it was pleasant to the eyes, and a
tree to be desired to make one wise, she took of the fruit thereof, and
did eat, and gave also unto her husband with her, and he did eat[1].” A
discontent with the abundance of blessings which were given, because
something was withheld, was the sin of our first parents: in like
manner, a wanton roving after things forbidden, a curiosity to know
what it was to be as the heathen, was one chief source of the
idolatries of the Jews; and we at this day inherit with them a like
nature from Adam.
I say, curiosity strangely moves us to disobedience, in order that
we may have experience of the pleasure of disobedience. Thus we
“rejoice in our youth, and let our heart cheer us in the days of our
youth, and walk in the ways of our heart, and in the sight of our
eyes[2].” And we thus intrude into things forbidden, in various ways;
in reading what we should not read, in hearing what we should not hear,
in seeing what we should not see, in going into company whither we
should not go, in presumptuous reasonings and arguings when we should
have faith, in acting as if we were our own masters where we should
obey. We indulge our reason, we indulge our passions, we indulge our
ambition, our vanity, our love of power; we throw ourselves into the
society of bad, worldly, or careless men; and all the while we think
that, after having acquired this miserable knowledge of good and evil,
we can return to our duty, and continue where we left off; merely going
aside a moment to shake ourselves, as Samson did, and with an ignorance
like his, that our true heavenly strength is departed from us.
Now this delusion arises from Satan's craft, the father of lies, who
knows well that if he can get us once to sin, he can easily make us sin
twice and thrice, till at length we are taken captive at his will[3].
He sees that curiosity is man's great and first snare, as it was in
paradise; and he knows that, if he can but force a way into his heart
by this chief and exciting temptation, those temptations of other
kinds, which follow in life, will easily prevail over us; and, on the
other hand, that if we resist the beginnings of sin, there is every
prospect through God's grace that we shall continue in a religious way.
His plan of action then lies plain before him—to tempt us violently,
while the world is new to us, and our hopes and feelings are eager and
restless. Hence is seen the Divine wisdom, as well as the merciful
consideration, of the advice contained in so many parts of Scripture,
as in the text, “Enter not into the path of the wicked, and go not into
the way of evil men. Avoid it, pass not by it, turn from it, and pass
away.”
Let us, then, now for a few moments give our minds to the
consideration of this plain truth, which we have heard so often that
for that very reason we are not unlikely to forget it—that the great
thing in religion is to set off well, to resist the beginnings of sin,
to flee temptation, to avoid the company of the wicked. “Enter not into
the path of the wicked . . . . avoid it, pass not by it, turn from it,
pass away.”
1. And for this reason, first of all, because it is hardly possible
to delay our flight without rendering flight impossible. When I say,
resist the beginnings of evil, I do not mean the first act merely, but
the rising thought of evil. Whatever the temptation may be, there may
be no time to wait and gaze, without being caught. Woe to us if Satan
(so to say) sees us first; for, as in the case of some beast of prey,
for him to see us is to master us. Directly we are made aware of the
temptation, we shall, if we are wise, turn our backs upon it, without
waiting to think and reason about it; we shall engage our mind in other
thoughts. There are temptations when this advice is especially
necessary; but under all it is highly seasonable.
2. For consider, in the next place, what must in all cases be the
consequence of allowing evil thoughts to be present to us, though we do
not actually admit them into our hearts. This, namely,—we shall make
ourselves familiar with them. Now our great security against sin lies
in being shocked at it. Eve gazed and reflected when she should have
fled. It is sometimes said “Second thoughts are best:” this is true in
many cases, but there are times when it is very false, and when, on the
contrary, first thoughts are best. For sin is like the serpent, which
seduced our first parents. We know that some serpents have the power of
what is called “fascinating.” Their eye has the power of subduing—nay,
in a strange way, of alluring—their victim, who is reduced to utter
helplessness, cannot flee away, nay, rather is obliged to approach, and
(as it were) deliver himself up to them; till in their own time they
seize and devour him. What a dreadful figure this is of the power of
sin and the devil over our hearts! At first our conscience tells us, in
a plain straightforward way, what is right and what is wrong; but when
we trifle with this warning, our reason becomes perverted, and comes in
aid of our wishes, and deceives us to our ruin. Then we begin to find,
that there are arguments available in behalf of bad deeds, and we
listen to these till we come to think them true; and then, if perchance
better thoughts return, and we make some feeble effort to get at the
truth really and sincerely, we find our minds by that time so
bewildered that we do not know right from wrong.
Thus, for instance, every one is shocked at cursing and swearing
when he first hears it; and at first he cannot help even showing that
he is shocked; that is, he looks grave and downcast, and feels
uncomfortable. But when he has once got accustomed to such profane
talking, and been laughed out of his strictness, and has begun to think
it manly, and has been persuaded to join in it, then he soon learns to
defend it. He says he means no harm by it; that it does no one any
harm; that it is only so many words, and that every body uses them.
Here is an instance in which disobedience to what we know to be right
makes us blind.
Again, this same confusion frequently happens in the case of
temptations from the world. We fear worldly loss or discredit; or we
hope some advantage; and we feel tempted to act so as to secure, at any
rate, the worldly good, or to avoid the evil. Now in all such cases of
conduct there is no end of arguing about right or wrong, if we once
begin; there are numberless ways of acting, each of which may be
speciously defended by argument, but plain, pure-hearted common sense,
generally speaking, at the very first sight decides the question for us
without argument; but if we do not listen promptly to this secret
monitor, its light goes out at once, and we are left to the mercy of
mere conjecture, and grope about with but second-best guides. Then
seeming arguments in favour of deceit and evil compliance with the
world's wishes, or of disgraceful indolence, urge us, and either
prevail, or at least so confuse us, that we do not know how to act.
Alas! in ancient days it happened in this way, that Christians who were
brought before their heathen persecutors for punishment, because they
were Christians, sometimes came short of the crown of martyrdom,
“having loved this present world[4],” and so lost their way in the
mazes of Satan's crafty arguments.
Temptations to unbelief may also be mentioned here. Speculating
wantonly on sacred subjects, and jesting about them, offend us at
first; and we turn away: but if in an evil hour we are seduced by the
cleverness or wit of a writer or speaker, to listen to his impieties,
who can say where we shall stop? Can we save ourselves from the
infection of his profaneness? we cannot hope to do so. And when we come
to a better mind (if by God's grace this be afterwards granted to us),
what will be our state? like the state of men who have undergone some
dreadful illness, which changes the constitution of the body. That
ready and clear perception of right and wrong, which before directed
us, will have disappeared, as beauty of person, or keenness of
eye-sight in bodily disorders; and when we begin to try to make up our
minds which way lies the course of duty on particular trials, we shall
bring enfeebled, unsteady powers to the examination; and when we move
to act, our limbs (as it were) will move the contrary way, and we shall
do wrong when we wish to do right.
3. But there is another wretched effect of sinning once, which
sometimes takes place;—not only the sinning that once itself, but
being so seduced by it, as forthwith to continue in the commission of
it ever afterwards, without seeking for arguments to meet our
conscience withal; from a mere brutish, headstrong, infatuate
greediness after its bad pleasures. There are beasts of prey which are
said to abstain from blood till they taste it, but once tasting it,
ever seek it: and, in like manner, there is a sort of thirst for sin
which is born with us, but which grace quenches, and which is thus kept
under till we, by our own act, rouse it again; and which, when
once aroused, never can be allayed. We sin, while we confess the wages
of sin to be death.
4. Sometimes, I say, this is the immediate effect of a first
transgression; and if not the immediate effect, yet it is always the
tendency and the end of sinning at length, viz. to enslave us to it.
Temptation is very powerful, it is true, when it comes first; but,
then, its power lies in its own novelty; and, on the other hand, there
is power in the heart itself, divinely given, to resist it; but when we
have long indulged sin, the mind has become sinful in its habit and
character, and the Spirit of God having departed, it has no principle
within it of strength sufficient to save it from spiritual death. What
being can change its own nature? that would be almost ceasing to be
itself: fire cannot cease to burn; the leopard changes not its spots,
and ceases not to rend and devour; and the soul which has often sinned,
cannot help sinning; but in this respect awfully differing from the
condition of the senseless elements or brute animals,—that its present
state is all its own fault; that it might have hindered it, and will
have one day to answer for not having hindered it.
Thus, easy as it is to avoid sin first of all, at length it is
(humanly speaking) impossible. “Enter not into its path,” saith the
wise man; the two paths of right and wrong start from the same point,
and at first are separated by a very small difference, so easy
(comparatively) is it to choose the right instead of the wrong way: but
wait awhile, and pursue the road leading to destruction, and you will
find the distance between the two has widened beyond measurement, and
that between them a great gulf has been sunk, so that you cannot pass
from the one to the other, though you desire it ever so earnestly[5].
Now to what do considerations such as these lead us, but to our
Lord's simple and comprehensive precept, which is the same as
Solomon's, but more impressively and solemnly urged on us by the manner
and time of His giving it? “Watch and pray, lest ye enter into
temptation.” To enter not the path of the wicked, to avoid it, and pass
by it, what is this but the exercise of watching? Therefore He
insists upon it so much, knowing that in it our safety lies. But now,
on the other hand, consider how many are there among us who can
be said to watch and pray? Is not the utmost we do to offer on Sunday
some kind of prayer in Church to God; or sometimes some short prayer
morning and evening in the week; and then go into the world with the
same incaution and forgetfulness as if we had never entertained a
serious thought? We go through the business of the day, quite
forgetting, to any practical purpose, that all business has snares in
it, and therefore needs caution. Let us ask ourselves this question,
“How often do we think of Satan in the course of the day as our great
tempter?” Yet surely he does not cease to be active because we do not
think of him; and surely, too, his powers and devices were revealed to
us by Almighty God for the very purpose, that being not ignorant of
them, we might watch against them. Who among us will not confess, that
many is the time that he has mixed with the world, forgetting who the
god of this world is? or rather, are not a great many of us living in
habitual forgetfulness that this world is a scene of trial; that is,
that this is its chief character, that all its employments, its
pleasures, its occurrences, even the most innocent, the most acceptable
to God, and the most truly profitable in themselves, are all the while
so handled by Satan as may be the most conducive to our ruin, if he can
possibly contrive it? There is nothing gloomy or superstitious in this,
as the plain words of Scripture will abundantly prove to every
inquirer. We are told “that the devil, our adversary, as a roaring lion
walketh about, seeking whom he may devour[6];” and therefore are warned
to “be sober, be vigilant.” And assuredly our true comfort lies, not in
disguising the truth from ourselves, but in knowing something more than
this;—that though Satan is against us, God is for us; that greater is
He that is in us, than he that is in the world[7]; and that He in every
temptation will make a way for us to escape, that we may be able to
bear it[8].
God does His part most surely; and Satan too does his part: we alone
are unconcerned. Heaven and hell are at war for us and against us, yet
we trifle, and let life go on at random. Heaven and hell are before us
as our own future abode, one or other of them; yet our own interest
moves us no more than God's mercy. We treat sin, not as an enemy to be
feared, abhorred, and shunned, but as a misfortune and a weakness; we
do not pity and shun sinful men, but we enter into their path so far as
to keep company with them; and next, being tempted to copy them, we
fall almost without an effort.
Be not you thus deceived and overcome, my brethren, by an evil heart
of unbelief. Make up your minds to take God for your portion, and pray
to Him for grace to enable you so to do. Avoid the great evils of
leisure, avoid the snare of having time on your hands. Avoid all bad
thoughts, all corrupt or irreligious books, avoid all bad company: let
nothing seduce you into it. Though you may be laughed at for your
strictness; though you may lose thereby amusements which you would like
to partake of; though you may thereby be ignorant of much which others
know, and may appear to disadvantage when they are talking together;
though you appear behind the rest of the world; though you be called a
coward, or a child, or narrow-minded, or superstitious; whatever
insulting words be applied to you, fear not, falter not, fail not;
stand firm, quit you like men; be strong. They think that in the
devil's service there are secrets worthy our inquiry, which you share
not: yes, there are secrets, and such that it is a shame even to speak
of them; and in like manner you have a secret which they have not, and
which far surpasses theirs. “The secret of the Lord is with them that
fear Him.” Those who obey God and follow Christ have secret gains, so
great, that, as well might we say heaven were like hell, as that these
are like the gain which sinners have. They have a secret gift given
them by their Lord and Saviour in proportion to their faith and love.
They cannot describe it to others; they have not possession of it all
at once; they cannot have the enjoyment of it at this or that time when
they will. It comes and goes according to the will of the Giver. It is
given but in small measure to those who begin God's service. It is not
given at all to those who follow Him with a divided heart. To those who
love the world, and yet are in a certain sense religious, and are well
contented with such a religious state, to them it is not given. But
those who give themselves up to their Lord and Saviour, those who
surrender themselves soul and body, those who honestly say, “I am
Thine, new-make me, do with me what Thou wilt,” who say so not once or
twice merely, or in a transport, but calmly and habitually; these are
they who gain the Lord's secret gift, even the “white stone, and in the
stone a new name written which no man knoweth, saving he that receiveth
it[9].” Sinners think that they know all that religion has to give, and
over and above that, they know the pleasures of sin too. No, they do
not, cannot, never will know the secret gift of God, till they repent
and amend. They never will know what it is to see God, till they obey;
nay, though they are to see Him at the last day, even that will be no
true sight of Him, for the sight of that Holy One will then impart no
comfort, no joy to them. They never will know the blessedness which He
has to give. They do know the satisfaction of sinning, such as it is;
and, alas! if they go on as they are going, they will know not only
what sin is, but what hell is. But they never will know that great
secret which is hid in the Father and in the Son.
Let us not then be seduced by the Tempter and his promises. He can
show us no good. He has no good to give us. Rather let us listen to the
gracious words of our Maker and Redeemer, “Call unto Me, and I will
answer thee, and show thee great and mighty things, which thou knowest
not[10].”
[1] Gen. iii. 6.
[2] Eccles. xi. 9.
[3] 2 Tim. ii. 26.
[4] 2 Tim. iv. 10.
[5] Luke xvi. 26.
[6] 1 Pet. v. 8.
[7] 1 John iv. 4.
[8] 1 Cor. x. 13.
[9] Rev. ii. 17.
[10] Jer. xxxiii. 3