[HN Gopher] xAI is looking more like a datacentre REIT than a fr...
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       xAI is looking more like a datacentre REIT than a frontier lab
        
       Author : martinald
       Score  : 496 points
       Date   : 2026-06-08 15:13 UTC (14 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (martinalderson.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (martinalderson.com)
        
       | hawkice wrote:
       | They have developed an LLM, so they are an AI lab, but the
       | quality of that model suggests they're not a frontier anything.
        
         | beepbopboopp wrote:
         | Or the model was a marketing expense to capitalize the data
         | center model. Im not saying it was intentionally that, but its
         | been an effective "that."
        
           | bpodgursky wrote:
           | Eh. It was a leading model for a few weeks, it was a real
           | effort, but they never built a real revenue model around it.
           | It wasn't SaaS, it wasn't for governments, it couldn't get
           | B2C payments. Made it hard to justify the training cost to
           | stay at the frontier.
        
           | Qhemlomo wrote:
           | So like the 4D Chess Trump is playing with us?
           | 
           | Come on, the most logical thing is that Musk overestimated
           | the compute he needs and got lucky with the secondary usage
           | of it.
           | 
           | As soon as the IPO is done and if it didn't fail, he will buy
           | curser and try to push again if he hasn't given up on it.
           | 
           | He also needs some compute for the robotics stuff and for
           | Tesla in-car entertainment and for training FSD.
        
         | bottlepalm wrote:
         | Grok isn't at the front of the frontier, but they are there for
         | sure.
        
         | leetharris wrote:
         | I have the pro account for ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, and Grok.
         | 
         | They all have various strengths and weaknesses. My favorite is
         | still ChatGPT, then Gemini/Claude, then Grok.
         | 
         | Grok often feels 1-2 generations behind the competition in
         | general use, but it has three things that I love:
         | 
         | 1. It seems to be the best at understanding current events.
         | Maybe due to X integration, or some other tool call
         | optimization in the backend? I don't know, but I often ask
         | about things going on, and the other models have outdated info,
         | give unhelpful answers, etc.
         | 
         | 2. It is generally the least sycophantic for personal things.
         | Anthropic is getting here too. ChatGPT and Gemini are working
         | on this, but previous models in those families would almost
         | never say anything negative about what I am doing. Sometimes I
         | need career advice, personal advice, etc and I like the tone of
         | how it responds. I think Claude will be caught up soon.
         | 
         | 3. For professional work, there are certain topics that other
         | models would refuse to engage with. At my last company we had
         | an enormous amount of legal users. When a deposition would need
         | a summary on certain topics, most models would refuse. Grok
         | would not. I understand the need for safety and I don't blame
         | the other model providers, but for some professional use cases
         | you NEED a model that is capable of handling sensitive
         | subjects.
        
           | epolanski wrote:
           | My SO works in audit/compliance and business Gemini
           | definitely does not refuse to answer.
        
           | e9 wrote:
           | I recently worked with NRC dataset, specifically about
           | nuclear reactor events and status reports(example:
           | https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/event-
           | status/...). Public data that just needed some cleaning.
           | Several time Claude API would refuse to engage. Because of
           | that I can't trust Claude to clean production data sets.
        
           | Azantys wrote:
           | Career and personal advice from LLMs, not sure if thats your
           | best bet
        
           | deaton wrote:
           | All 4 of these still regularly insist that I am a genius and
           | everything I say is brilliant. Grok definitely pushes back
           | more than the others, but I don't like how sycophantic they
           | all still are.
        
             | pell wrote:
             | I don't want to open up that whole can of worms but Grok on
             | any vaguely philosophical or political topic is a scaredy
             | cat and has a very hard time staying factual if it could
             | make Musk or the conservative movement appear negatively.
        
           | square_usual wrote:
           | Opus 4.8 has made huge jumps in being less sycophantic. I see
           | it pushing back on ideas a lot, and that's very helpful when
           | you're evaluating options.
        
             | lachlan_gray wrote:
             | Almost too much so, it often feels like opus is pushing
             | back for the sake of pushing back. The way old models used
             | to add disclaimers to every message regardless of content
        
               | NewJazz wrote:
               | That's because it can't literally reason, it has just
               | been manually steered into those reasoning speech cycles.
        
               | emodendroket wrote:
               | Yes, yes. Does everyone still find it interesting to go
               | over this point every time about how it's not literally a
               | person with human reasoning?
        
               | NewJazz wrote:
               | Uh, only when people don't seem to understand it, or try
               | to personify it. Which is quite often.
        
               | emodendroket wrote:
               | People "personify" their cars but I don't think because
               | they think cars have human cognition
        
               | NewJazz wrote:
               | Not in the same way.
        
               | emodendroket wrote:
               | That doesn't seem to be much more than special pleading
               | without an explanation of how you think it's different.
        
               | lmm wrote:
               | People are weird about their cars and make major errors
               | in judgement as a result (e.g. we tolerate incredibly
               | high rates of people getting killed because they were
               | "hit by a car", as though the driver had nothing to do
               | with it). Pushing back on that is absolutely worthwhile.
        
               | CamperBob2 wrote:
               | What about when they ask how you can take gold at IMO and
               | solve research-level math problems without reasoning?
        
             | galkk wrote:
             | It's more like Opus wants you to do its job for it. I feel
             | that amount of time when I tell it "no, you do that"
             | increases with each new version.
        
           | nonethewiser wrote:
           | What are you using it for? Im pretty surprised ChatGPT is
           | your top model but maybe you arent using it for code.
        
           | cactusplant7374 wrote:
           | But in terms of agentic coding? Dead last.
        
           | htx80nerd wrote:
           | My favorite was ChatGPT, and I still use it often, but it
           | becomes way too 'hair splitting' argumentative too often over
           | very minor non controversial topics. Like it's always going
           | out of its way to "well actually..."
           | 
           | Grok used to be really really bad ~8 months ago or so, but
           | it's gotten better.
           | 
           | ChatGPT team needs to turn down the 'disagree just because'
           | factor by a lot.
        
           | selicos wrote:
           | 1. It seeks to manipulate the information you see and your
           | lens to the world. This is already partially true from
           | independent and major publications.
           | 
           | As soon as we hand over searching out information to social
           | media algorithms and LLM tools, we abandon our ability to see
           | reality outside our direct vision.
           | 
           | Grok's ownership has already demonstrated capacity to
           | influence major world elections and other events. You cannot
           | trust it with this sort of information gathering and
           | reporting.
        
           | emodendroket wrote:
           | > 1. It seems to be the best at understanding current events.
           | Maybe due to X integration, or some other tool call
           | optimization in the backend? I don't know, but I often ask
           | about things going on, and the other models have outdated
           | info, give unhelpful answers, etc.
           | 
           | That makes sense, but occasionally you ask about an issue
           | where it's clearly received political instruction from the
           | commissar and it acts totally lobotomized. But it's true that
           | Gemini will often blithely state that something could never
           | happen and you'll say "what do you mean, that just happened"
           | and then it comes back apologizing after running a Web
           | search.
        
             | timfsu wrote:
             | We saw this too with Gemini specifically. My favorite
             | example - we built a hallucination detector (given the
             | input, does the output make any false claims) in Gemini,
             | and after the Seahawks won the Superbowl in February, it
             | would consistently flag that as "not possible".
        
               | emodendroket wrote:
               | I believe it was assuring me the Israelis would never
               | invade southern Lebanon and declare a buffer zone inside
               | it after that had already happened.
        
         | fooker wrote:
         | > the quality of that model
         | 
         | I guess the benchmarks disagree, but whenever I need to find
         | specific information that does not easily show up with a web
         | search, I try chatgpt, gemini and grok. Grok surfaces what I
         | was looking for more often than the others.
         | 
         | Things like "find the github repo from 2017 that does
         | $vague_thing".
        
           | chatmasta wrote:
           | Grok does seem to have the best searching capabilities, and
           | not just for twitter. I wonder what search engine they're
           | using on the backend.
        
             | PixyMisa wrote:
             | Good question. You can actually see the searches it runs
             | (momentarily) so testing could determine if it's using
             | public search engines or a private system.
        
           | Azantys wrote:
           | Isnt that more Perplexitys thing anyways?
        
           | gowld wrote:
           | Can you give a specific example (that doesn't violate any
           | privacy you want to protect)?
        
           | PixyMisa wrote:
           | I find that too. I use Claude for coding but when I need to
           | dig out something based on limited data I turn to Grok and it
           | delivers.
        
         | mbesto wrote:
         | And they are planning (well "planning" if you believe Elon) to
         | start building their LLM over from scratch, which means they
         | need a HUGE ass training data center, i.e. not a data center
         | for inference to do so.
        
         | gowld wrote:
         | I am also an "AI lab", but I look more like a corporate cog,
         | because that's where most of my revenue comes from and how I
         | spend the most my time.
        
         | harrall wrote:
         | But supposedly they're the cheapest for certain workloads,
         | especially ones that have high tokens and can make use of
         | caching.
         | 
         | So they're cutting edge in that way.
        
       | mandeepj wrote:
       | or, could be they pivoted to cover the expenses?
        
       | TSiege wrote:
       | > And Google is a major shareholder in SpaceX, so they certainly
       | have incentive to juice the valuation of the IPO.
       | 
       | Google own 5-6% of the shares of SpaceX. SpaceX is seeking a
       | valuation of $1.77T which means Google's shares would be worth
       | $88.5B-$106.2B. I'm not a skeptic of AI/LLMs but this makes me
       | deeply suspicious of these circular deals. What happens when the
       | music stops?
        
         | AznHisoka wrote:
         | Someone gets bailed out and the cycle starts again. Isnt this
         | how it works?
        
           | downrightmike wrote:
           | Hyperinflation to make the needed bailout money
        
             | staplers wrote:
             | That's done quietly behind the scenes so leaders can blame
             | something else for inflation.
             | 
             | See "M2SL" or "TOTBKCR" on tradingview if you want to see
             | inflation live.
        
               | drivebyhooting wrote:
               | I don't understand how to read those charts.
        
               | smallmancontrov wrote:
               | Any time you see a price denominated in $, divide by that
               | chart.
        
               | stymaar wrote:
               | The idea that inflation and the money supply are linked
               | is one of the most dumb one in folk economics.
               | 
               | Just look at these charts: they were declining when
               | inflation was raging on in 2022-23 ...
        
               | smallmancontrov wrote:
               | Lagged processes are one of the most fundamental concepts
               | in economics. If merely recognizing the possibility that
               | one could be at play here is throwing you for a loop, you
               | need the simplified monetary model more than most.
        
               | stymaar wrote:
               | Where's the hell is the lag on these graphs though!? The
               | money supply grows both before, and after the
               | inflationary spike. (And the fact that it stops
               | increasing when inflation is high is not surprising at
               | all, by the way, high inflation make the central bank
               | raise interest rates, which reduce credit, which is where
               | money comes from).
        
               | smallmancontrov wrote:
               | The lag is where you were complaining it was.
        
               | stymaar wrote:
               | Do you know what "lag" means?
        
               | ryan_j_naughton wrote:
               | > "The idea that inflation and the money supply are
               | linked is one of the most dumb one in folk economics"
               | 
               | "folk economics" implies it is by untrained people.
               | 
               | Milton Friedman's famous quote of "inflation is always
               | and everywhere a monetary phenomenon" shows that he
               | deeply believed the relationship between inflation and
               | money supply, and one certainly cannot call Friedman a
               | "folk economist" considering he won the Nobel prize in
               | economics and was a professor at the University of
               | Chicago.
               | 
               | Note: I am not saying he is right or supporting his
               | belief. I am merely stating that such a belief is not a
               | "folk economics" belief. This belief is still very
               | prevalent in the freshwater schools of economics. [1]
               | 
               | As a personal anecdote, at Ronald Coase's 100th birthday
               | party, I personally got Gary Becker and Richard Posner
               | debating a very related topic (whether and by what degree
               | the velocity of money of fluctuates and whether
               | helicopter drops of cash would have been better during
               | the early days of the money supply collapse in 2008/2009
               | than just giving money to the banks). In a room full of
               | Nobel Prize winning economists in 2010, there was a very
               | rigorous debate on the topic.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltwater_and_freshwate
               | r_econo...
        
               | stymaar wrote:
               | > "folk economics" implies it is by untrained people.
               | 
               | The problem is mostly its appropriation by untrained
               | people though.
               | 
               | > Milton Friedman's famous quote of "inflation is always
               | and everywhere a monetary phenomenon" shows that he
               | deeply believed the relationship between inflation and
               | money supply
               | 
               | Creationists theoreticians believe in creationism too.
               | The problem arise when their theory reach the
               | mainstream... (Influential people inside the Swedish
               | Central bank making a fake Nobel prize to promote these
               | ideas didn't help of course...)
        
               | barrenko wrote:
               | Banks not needing people's money is quite a bad thing.
               | EDIT: M1 looks like a damn sigmoid.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >See "M2SL" or "TOTBKCR" on tradingview if you want to
               | see inflation live.
               | 
               | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/M2SL
               | 
               | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/TOTBKCR
               | 
               | And you would have been massively wrong. People have been
               | complaining about quantitative easing since post GFC, and
               | if you took the figures at face value, those would imply
               | inflation was nearly 100% between the end of GFC and
               | before the pandemic. Whatever you thought about the post-
               | pandemic inflation, the period between GFC and pre-
               | pandemic definitely did not see the level of inflation
               | implied by those figures.
        
               | disgruntledphd2 wrote:
               | I mean, it sortof did in assets, just not in the changes
               | tracked by CPI.
        
               | downrightmike wrote:
               | That's because they take and modify what is tracked in
               | the CPI at will
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | https://www.bls.gov/cpi/tables/relative-
               | importance/home.htm
               | 
               | What do you find controversial, and would cause a
               | material difference in the headline inflation rate?
        
               | VirusNewbie wrote:
               | Housing has a massive lag when it comes to CPI.
               | 
               | CPI works by asking how much people pay for rent. If home
               | prices raise 20% in one year (not at all unreasonable in
               | various times in the last ten years), it takes a long
               | time for that to be reflected as many people have their
               | rents fixed, some people have rent control, some
               | landlords will only raise rents on new tenants, etc.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >Housing has a massive lag when it comes to CPI.
               | 
               | >[...] many people have their rents fixed, some people
               | have rent control, some landlords will only raise rents
               | on new tenants, etc.
               | 
               | In other words, rent is lagged when it comes to the
               | CPI... because the rent people actually pay is also
               | lagged?
        
               | VirusNewbie wrote:
               | for _existing_ , well established renters, sure. For new
               | renters, or people who move, or people who face housing
               | insecurity, or people who want to buy homes, it's much
               | higher and not accurately reflected in CPI.
        
           | timacles wrote:
           | We are basically dealing with the fallout of the 2008 GFC
           | bailout to this day.
           | 
           | The fiat economic system is irreparably broken, and we are
           | circling the drain. Another bailout is _probably_ inevitable.
           | But the cycle sure as hell isnt resetting and we are speeding
           | towards something... what it is is unclear though, and when
           | is also unclear.
           | 
           | The part people cant wrap around is the scale of it and the
           | time it takes to go through the super cycle. Theoretically,
           | it all started with the Dot com bubble, which indirectly
           | cause the housing bubble, which caused the GFC. Which caused
           | whatever happened in 2019, which caused QE in 2022 under the
           | guise of COVID, which is causing whatever the hell is
           | happening now.
           | 
           | Capitalism has become uncorked, and money is irreversibly
           | flowing to the top at an increasing rate. The logical next
           | stage is that like 75% of the world's population is literally
           | not even part of any economy. And that doesnt really make any
           | sense
        
             | philipallstar wrote:
             | Sigh, no. Money is not flowing; company valuation might be,
             | but that's temporary and only works if the company keeps
             | delivering insane amounts of value.
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | So the founders sell plenty of stock while the price is
               | high and then when their valuation crashes sure they
               | "lost" half their net worth but the other half is still
               | there.
               | 
               | I'm not saying that's what's happening, just making it
               | clear that company valuation not being permanent is not a
               | valid argument against money flowing to the top.
        
             | azan_ wrote:
             | You've made lots of (wild) claims, but provided zero
             | support for them. Also didn't bottom income quartile see
             | the largest growth in last few years?
        
             | mannanj wrote:
             | yeah I intuitively have felt something like this has been
             | happening, too. And finding the evidence is such an immense
             | task, and feels way out of my current energy level.
             | 
             | When COVID was ongoing there was a term floating around I
             | liked, "Psychosis" was it. The spell is like that of,
             | denial? Terror & shock?
             | 
             | Trauma might be better?
             | 
             | Looking at trauma responses and how to detect it in humans
             | is an interesting perspective to look at all this with.
             | Personally, if I look at it from "people are afraid,
             | traumatized, defending themselves" and use that to
             | extrapolate how most people (the masses, the non-rich)
             | would act and also the rich - that points me to why theres
             | such a sudden hastening of action and pace of wealth up
             | towards the top in the name of AI & war.
        
           | shmel wrote:
           | or, hear me out, we can try the Irish way? Just let them fail
           | ffs
        
             | vitally3643 wrote:
             | Unfortunately, the entire US economy is being propped up on
             | AI stocks. If they are allowed to crash, the consequences
             | would be extreme all across the board. See the recent
             | worming into index and pension funds. If they collapse now,
             | a lot of regular people are going to get wiped out.
             | 
             | Should the government bail them out or somehow stop the
             | collapse? Arguable. Will they anyway? Almost certainly.
             | These companies have engineered themselves into a position
             | where being allowed to fail would wreak catastrophic damage
             | to the national (and global) economy precisely so that the
             | taxpayer will be left holding the bag if and when it all
             | comes crashing down.
             | 
             | Capitalism is rotten to the core and there's no fix for it.
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | > These companies have engineered themselves into a
               | position where being allowed to fail would wreak
               | catastrophic damage
               | 
               | Where is this assumption of malicious intent coming from?
               | This has all been fueled by a global AI hype that might
               | or might not prove to be justified in the end. The
               | overall economic situation looks (IMO) quite similar to
               | that of the railroads in the US and those did ultimately
               | fail and were nationalized(ish).
               | 
               | The current situation is hardly limited to the US and
               | capitalism. China also appears to be actively
               | reorganizing their economy around AI.
        
         | bpodgursky wrote:
         | A lot of people are emotionally unprepared for a world where
         | the music doesn't stop.
        
           | raducu wrote:
           | > A lot of people are emotionally unprepared for a world
           | where the music doesn't stop.
           | 
           | I've been wrong before. However, when was the last time this
           | business model made sense -- that facebook, SpaceX and
           | others, all just pivot from their market niche to general
           | purpose AI datacenter providers.
           | 
           | How on Earth does this make sense?
           | 
           | What happens in a few years when DeepSeek runs on the chinese
           | chips like the Huawei Ascend at a fraction of the cost ?
           | 
           | These are all very high value added companies going into
           | comodity AI hosting and they're all going to make a killing?
        
             | treis wrote:
             | >What happens in a few years when DeepSeek runs on the
             | chinese chips like the Huawei Ascend at a fraction of the
             | cost ?
             | 
             | Nvidia goes back to being a 100 billion dollar business and
             | everyone else reaps the benefits of cheap tokens.
        
               | doctorwho42 wrote:
               | So Nvidia will lose 94.5% of their market cap, and you
               | think that will not effect anything beyond AI?
        
               | trollbridge wrote:
               | There's an assumption here that Nvidia will stop
               | innovating.
        
               | mlnj wrote:
               | The only assumption I am making is that NVIDIA and others
               | dig thier claws into western governments and make decade
               | long contracts for even greater surveillance. Trillions
               | of dollars worth.
        
               | treis wrote:
               | Not any more than when one company beats out another.
        
             | johnsmith1840 wrote:
             | Energy and datacenter scale.
             | 
             | US is a near monopoly of this pairing. A crash will result
             | in the removal of the fluff and ocerpricing of it all but
             | the stance is beyond strong.
             | 
             | Unless China outcompetes Nvidea AND TSMC AND magically gets
             | 4x cheaper energy they are in a much weaker stance for the
             | long haul.
        
               | raducu wrote:
               | > AND magically gets 4x cheaper energy they are in a much
               | weaker stance for the long haul.
               | 
               | By energy you mean electricity,the nuclear, solar and
               | hydro-- the kind China has installed new 2TW capacity
               | over the last decade while US installed 0.2TW capacity in
               | the same time?
        
           | tsunamifury wrote:
           | Lines very rarely go straight for forever, but still often
           | longer than expected.
        
           | reducesuffering wrote:
           | The level of denialism when faced to confront hard realities
           | of the world around us never ceases to surprise me. Alas AI
           | capabilities continue to rip through expectations and the
           | next goalposts are moved.
        
           | gopher_space wrote:
           | Unprepared for a world that's replaced French peasantry with
           | strapping an Xbox to your face.
        
           | cgh wrote:
           | "It's different this time"
        
         | Qhemlomo wrote:
         | At least Alphabet, Microsoft and Amazon can afford it.
         | 
         | Nvidia is not losing anything if their stock falls.
         | 
         | So whats left? The typical candidates of course: We poor
         | people. 401k, ETF, etc. we pay the bill.
        
           | TSiege wrote:
           | If Alphabet can afford it why are they issuing $80B in new
           | shares for fresh capital?
        
             | skybrian wrote:
             | It makes good financial sense for a company to sell shares
             | when the price is high and do stock buybacks when it's low.
             | I guess they think the price is on the high side?
             | 
             | Also, selling shares puts them in a better position to
             | survive a downturn (more cash, less debt).
        
               | Analemma_ wrote:
               | Google is also issuing a bunch of debt this year. It
               | sounds like they need a lot of capital and want to keep a
               | particular debt/equity ratio, rather than having a strong
               | opinion on their share price.
        
               | jorvi wrote:
               | In a real competitive market it would never make
               | financial sense to do stock buybacks because competition
               | is so fierce you need to invest it all in R&D and sharp
               | prices for your customers. See the Chinese EV market.
               | 
               | Stock buybacks are also a tax trick.
               | 
               | They're just holistically evil and should have never been
               | made legal.
        
             | Qhemlomo wrote:
             | Just look at the net income of alphabet.
             | 
             | Whatever financial games they play in the background,
             | doesn't matter when you make that much per 2 quarters
             | alone.
        
             | matwood wrote:
             | When money is cheap you take it. Google sees all the
             | capital waiting to pour into these AI IPOs, and correctly
             | assumed they could tap into that with little dilution.
        
           | skybrian wrote:
           | If the S&P 500 dropped 20%, that's about a year's growth.
           | Long-term investors who bought before that would be poorer
           | than they thought they were, but they're not worse off than
           | they started and there wouldn't be any particular bill to
           | pay. If they're a long term investor then they can wait for
           | it to come back. (A similar argument could be made for larger
           | drops.)
           | 
           | The real suffering comes from whatever effect there is on the
           | rest of the economy due to a recession, more layoffs, etc.
        
             | Qhemlomo wrote:
             | They can sit it out but that doesn't mean no one paid the
             | bill.
             | 
             | And some others might need to pull out when its down.
             | 
             | Money doesn't appear out of thin air.
             | 
             | Why would it lead to recession if a handful of big
             | companies lose money they have?
             | 
             | It will show that the USA is in a recession for sure, but
             | otherwise
        
               | somewhereoutth wrote:
               | > Money doesn't appear out of thin air.
               | 
               | In fact [fiat] money _does_ appear out of thin air (well,
               | created by banks when they originate loans) - and has to
               | to support a growing economy. Unfortunately, for various
               | reasons, rather too much has been appearing, and has been
               | funneled to the already wealthy.
        
               | skybrian wrote:
               | No, asset values are not like energy. There's no
               | conservation rule.
               | 
               | When stocks get bid up, market valuation goes up far more
               | than the amount of money that changed hands. Most of the
               | market cap appears "out of thin air." It's just what
               | people think it's worth.
               | 
               | And when the stock goes down again, it goes back where it
               | came from.
               | 
               | The investors who bought stock at too high a price lose
               | some of the money they put in, but there are others who
               | never paid that price.
        
           | xiaoyu2006 wrote:
           | I always think 401k is not fair at all. It kinda forces one
           | to invest and pump the stock prices.
        
             | brokencode wrote:
             | With most 401k plans, you can choose what you invest in to
             | an extent. You can put it in bonds or other investments if
             | you want.
        
               | idiotsecant wrote:
               | This doesnt fix the systemic issue. Most people put their
               | money in a target fund and leave it alone. Those target
               | funds are at risk of being forced to buy these over-
               | inflated assets. The incentive to do this is there
               | _because_ those target funds and naive investors exist.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _Those target funds are at risk of being forced to buy
               | these over-inflated assets_
               | 
               | Target funds are diversely managed. This isn't a real
               | concern.
        
               | idiotsecant wrote:
               | The diverse investment is the _reason_ that funds will be
               | forced to buy these worthless stocks. It 's a direct
               | transfer of money from the working class to the extreme
               | capital class.
               | 
               | If you're good with that, I'll send you my PayPal so you
               | can get me my 5 bucks. It's a tiny fraction of your
               | overall cash flow, whats the big deal?
        
               | brokencode wrote:
               | True, that's an argument against the typical passive,
               | broad market, market cap weighted fund like VTI or SPY.
               | 
               | But there are many funds that have different strategies,
               | both passive and active. Such as by investing based on
               | value, quality, dividends, etc.
               | 
               | I get that the average person doesn't know this, but the
               | 401k doesn't inherently force somebody into broad market
               | funds.
        
               | idiotsecant wrote:
               | When you destroy pensions by crushing organized labor,
               | create 401k incentives, and place your new captive
               | audience by default into a certain investment class, a
               | whole lot of people are going to leave it there. Whether
               | the provider forces anyone to do anything is irrelevant,
               | it creates second order impacts that ultimately lead to
               | what is perhaps the greatest attempted fleecing in market
               | history
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | Until someone can come up with a better option though...
             | 
             | Note that a pension plan that invests for you blindly is no
             | better - either the returns are so bad that they are a
             | scam, or they are investing in stocks anyway and so you get
             | the same results but less control. Similar for things like
             | social security, they are either worse options or you need
             | to pump stocks.
        
               | granra wrote:
               | > Until someone can come up with a better option
               | though...
               | 
               | A welfare state maybe?
        
               | Ray20 wrote:
               | Eh? Like in North Korea?
        
               | granra wrote:
               | More like most European countries.
        
               | nick__m wrote:
               | Something like the CDPQ in Quebec ?
        
               | SubmarineClub wrote:
               | And the money to pay for all those retirees comes
               | from...where?
        
             | jdale27 wrote:
             | You don't have to invest your 401k in stocks.
        
             | hdndjsbbs wrote:
             | This is what financial capitalism and "democratizing
             | finance" has meant in practice. Rich people have access to
             | different types of investments, and by the time those
             | trickle down to common investors the juice has all been
             | squeezed out. Whatever the trend is, by the time you hear
             | about it the market has already been arbitraged by faster
             | investors with more resources.
             | 
             | We are not going to come up with a market-based solution to
             | fix income inequality. The solution, as much as people in
             | the dwindling middle class resist it, is a strong social
             | safety net coupled with a hard reset on taxation and
             | housing policies. Nobody should be homeless, nobody should
             | be allowed to starve, but you might have to accept that
             | your 401K goes down in exchange for a government guarantee
             | of housing and food.
             | 
             | This is hard for people to accept because they currently
             | have equity in their home or a 401K to save them from
             | starving. But those are transient, individualistic
             | solutions. You can lose your house. You can lose your 401K.
             | Society should be taking care of each other in a broader
             | way than letting everyone accumulate a little, private pile
             | of money.
        
               | throw-the-towel wrote:
               | The middle class resists it because we know who will be
               | taxed through the nose to fund this safety net. Hint:
               | it's not the ultra rich.
        
               | hdndjsbbs wrote:
               | Why the fuck not? This is such a stupid perspective, "we
               | shouldn't make things better because I imagined a way it
               | could be bad".
        
               | throw-the-towel wrote:
               | It's you who is imagining things here, I'm speaking from
               | my actual experience in an EU country.
        
               | WarmWash wrote:
               | >Rich people have access to different types of
               | investments,
               | 
               | You mean hedge funds and private equity/private credit
               | that all under perform S&P500?
        
               | hdndjsbbs wrote:
               | The people who have private investments in SpaceX pre-IPO
               | definitely have access to investments I don't have access
               | to.
        
               | WarmWash wrote:
               | I didn't even mention venture capital because the win
               | rate is so low. When you have billions already, then
               | maybe you can buy $10M lotto tickets that get pitched to
               | you. If you're a regular guy and want risk exposure like
               | that, you can buy penny stocks.
               | 
               | Everyone is so fixated on the winners, that they
               | completely forget (or aren't even aware) that there a
               | many many times more losers.
        
               | Eisenstein wrote:
               | I think people understand that there are losers. What
               | they are complaining about is that the losers can dump
               | $10M on a lotto ticket and not feel any pain when it
               | disappears. If all those with money are are placing huge
               | long-shot bets and cashing out when they win then what
               | does that say about the state of the system, and markets
               | in general? I don't know exactly, but I don't think it's
               | good.
        
               | SubmarineClub wrote:
               | You do realize that basically all those fancy 'exotic
               | asset' classes underperform the S&P 500, right?
        
               | hdndjsbbs wrote:
               | Why does anyone participate in VC funds or PE at all
               | then?
        
         | mschuster91 wrote:
         | > I'm not a skeptic of AI/LLMs but this makes me deeply
         | suspicious of these circular deals. What happens when the music
         | stops?
         | 
         | A financial crash that will make the 2007ff crisis look tame in
         | comparison. That is why Anthropic, OpenAI and SpaceX (which xAI
         | belongs to) are all going public soon and why NASDAQ bent the
         | rules to include them... the current owners all want to raid
         | pension savings worldwide [1] to get their payday before the
         | bubble inevitably bursts.
         | 
         | And when it bursts, you can bet that the vultures will use
         | their fresh cash to buy up assets at fire-sale prices. For the
         | truly rich, a boom-bust cycle is only one thing, an opportunity
         | to achieve extraordinary profit.
         | 
         | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48369391
        
           | TSiege wrote:
           | It's hard for me to see this being bigger than the great
           | recession unless there's some vulnerabilities in the banking
           | system we're not aware of. However, the amount of money
           | that's being spent is going to demand a large return that I'm
           | not sure will be made whole given the scale of investment in
           | a time frame they want
        
             | mschuster91 wrote:
             | > It's hard for me to see this being bigger than the great
             | recession unless there's some vulnerabilities in the
             | banking system we're not aware of.
             | 
             | The scenario I see is write-offs. At the moment there are
             | hundreds of billions in IOUs being passed around, much more
             | in liabilities than Lehman had back then in 2007.
             | Compounding that is the frankly insane valuation - it's as
             | clear as day that at least one of the major AI shops will
             | go bust, they all run at a (huge) loss and sooner or later,
             | one of them will run out of cash before achieving market
             | dominance.
             | 
             | Unfortunately, OpenAI and Anthropic are valued at almost 1
             | trillion $ - backed by _nothing_ but the hope on the winner
             | surviving and achieving the classic VC-backed near-
             | monopoly. The staff can be poached, they don 't hold much
             | in IP like patents, the servers and GPUs are mostly owned
             | by third parties like AWS, Microsoft, Google or Oracle -
             | once the cash runs out, they can't sell any assets for even
             | some runway extension because there are no assets. Even the
             | model weights and training data aren't worth much - all
             | competitors already have training data sets of their own,
             | it does not make sense to acquire further data, and model
             | weights are being rendered obsolete by the constant churn
             | of open-weight models particularly from China.
             | 
             | SpaceX is valued even higher, but unlike the other two
             | candidates, they still at least got a viable business even
             | if the entire AI BS bubble collapses, Starlink is a money
             | printer and there's no alternative in sight that matches
             | SpaceX and their reusable rockets.
             | 
             | Now, if either of the three even experiences a large drop
             | in valuation for whatever reason, it's not just experienced
             | VCs that can readily afford (and expect) investments to
             | fail, but this time _a lot_ of  "everyday" investment
             | vehicles (such as pension funds) will have to issue write-
             | off losses, and now that they are publicly traded, that may
             | also trigger stop-loss cascade orders further dropping
             | prices, and retail investors will probably join in on the
             | mass panic. That's the #1 risk IMHO.
             | 
             | The #2 risk is that after a collapse, the service providers
             | (i.e. the ones owning the servers) will be sitting on a ton
             | of hardware that has nowhere near recouped its cost. AWS,
             | MS and Google can probably repurpose most of the hardware
             | for their own use and rent out what remains, but they will
             | have to eat significant accounting losses, provoking again
             | a drop in their stock price, but this time with even more
             | blast radius as all three of them are established stock
             | index (and thus ETF) members that a looooot of people have
             | exposure to. But someone like Oracle? They might actually
             | get fried for good.
             | 
             | And the #3 risk is further downstream, particularly
             | relating to NVDA. They have enjoyed _years_ of insane
             | profits because they are the only ones making high-
             | performance AI chips. When demand for new chips collapses
             | due to the event(s) I just described, they can easily shift
             | their TSMC production slots back to GPU wafers and sell
             | these to gamers - but at a far lower profit than before,
             | which again can trigger stock price drops and write-offs.
             | 
             | I won't go further downstream - TSMC and their suppliers
             | are IMHO pretty safe because there is just so much pent up
             | demand from everything not AI, and the construction
             | companies building datacenters don't have too much of a
             | blast radius when the big guns stop expansion projects.
             | 
             | The concrete scenario I'm really, really afraid of: all
             | three succeed with their IPOs, maybe they all survive a
             | year and get included even in S&P 500. The existing
             | shareholders and insiders all slowly dump a lot of their
             | vested stock onto the public market, which in cleartext
             | means into the dozens of billions of $ of retirement
             | contributions. One day, the bubble bursts for whatever
             | reason. The stock markets drop in a panic sell-off, either
             | triggered by stop-loss orders or because retail investors
             | are a herd of sheeple (just like in the 1st covid
             | lockdown). Eventually, circuit breakers on the stock
             | markets will trigger (just like they did in the GME post-
             | apes collapse) and trading will pause, but it will resume
             | until the markets have adjusted to the new valuation... and
             | once the dust clears up, there will be a lot of blood on
             | the floor. Possibly even riots, depending just how much
             | retirement assets just got wiped out.
        
         | treis wrote:
         | There's no realistic way for the music to stop. The demand for
         | LLMs is staggering and the big providers are charging full
         | freight for inference. They might not make back the money from
         | training but these data centers are definitely going to be
         | fully utilized for at least the next 5 years.
        
           | stefan_ wrote:
           | Data center operators are in the business of selling
           | electricity. They do not command large PE multiples. This is
           | an even worse business, because xAI decided to also be the
           | bagholder for the NVIDIA graphic cards. Not to mention they
           | finance an unreasonable number of 20-somethings on way too
           | large salaries with shitty opinions and no AGI delivered.
        
             | chatmasta wrote:
             | Datacenter operators who rent space are selling
             | electricity. SpaceX is selling a fully built datacenter
             | with compute designed for a specific purpose. They're
             | operating at a higher level of the value chain and can
             | charge accordingly.
        
               | SecretDreams wrote:
               | What's their novelty or moat to maintain the value chain?
               | And why do we only see google, who already owns it,
               | raising their hand to rent at these prices?
        
               | Brybry wrote:
               | Anthropic is also paying $1.25 billion a month for xAI
               | datacenter compute (though Google does own ~14%? of
               | Anthropic too).
               | 
               | [1] https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-ipo-anthropic-
               | paying-...
               | 
               | [2] https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/11/technology/google-
               | investm...
        
               | SecretDreams wrote:
               | I'm not a big fan of this level of circular financing and
               | ownership. The transparency is severely obscured.
        
               | chatmasta wrote:
               | I'm not sure they need novelty or moat. AI compute
               | resources are so scarce that inference providers will buy
               | whatever is available. SpaceX sells inference hardware in
               | bulk, with a proven track record of running inference and
               | training workloads at scale.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | Without a moat, P settles to MC. No one makes significant
               | profit.
        
               | chatmasta wrote:
               | xAI covers their cost of N-1 datacenter while running
               | their own models in N and building out N+1.
        
               | SecretDreams wrote:
               | And they make all of their money from the N-1 data center
               | they are renting which is sand moat.
               | 
               | What point are you making?
        
               | chatmasta wrote:
               | What? They make money from their own inference and models
               | too, which they can train effectively for free by funding
               | their operations with rental income from their last gen
               | datacenter.
        
               | ralph84 wrote:
               | SpaceX and Tesla used aggressive vertical integration,
               | manufacturing simplification, and reuse to radically
               | lower the cost of building rockets and EVs. It's not
               | unreasonable to speculate they might be able to do the
               | same for hyperscale compute.
        
             | treis wrote:
             | They're not any sort of bag holder. They're going to make
             | back what they spent on these data centers in a year.
             | 
             | It's a fairly sweet deal for everyone involved.
             | Anthropic/Google get to sell more tokens and xAI gets a war
             | chest for another bite at the apple. I don't have much
             | confidence that they'll do anything with it but that
             | doesn't mean these deals don't make sense for them.
        
             | skybrian wrote:
             | I thought it was mostly capital costs (chips), not
             | operating costs (electricity).
        
             | jtbayly wrote:
             | There is a footnote in the article does the math. It
             | concludes, "power is no more than about 1% of revenue."
        
             | _alternator_ wrote:
             | This take clearly has a bone to pick. But ignoring that,
             | the first sentence is just not reflective of the reality
             | here--xAI is making a killing on renting out its GPUs, way
             | more than "just power". The dynamics that normally make
             | infrastructure providers have slim margins don't apply when
             | demand far outstrips supply; the situation right now is
             | closer to monopoly pricing power.
             | 
             | It will likely take a few years for supply to fully catch
             | up, which means xAI will eat well for a while.
             | 
             | I can see a world where a few data centers come on line
             | this year and reduce margins a bit, but it's crazy to think
             | the margins will go to "cost of electricity plus a few
             | percent" anytime soon.
        
               | alpha_squared wrote:
               | > xAI is making a killing on renting out its GPUs, way
               | more than "just power"
               | 
               | What's your evidence for this? Because from the S-1,
               | SpaceX is largely an internet service provider that
               | happens to launch rockets and own xAI.
        
               | PixyMisa wrote:
               | In the article, it states that the two deals will cover
               | the entire cost of SpaceX's AI buildout in 18 months.
               | OpenAI and Anthropic would kill for that kind of
               | cashflow.
        
           | SecretDreams wrote:
           | Look, there's two things:
           | 
           | * LLMs are useful
           | 
           | * Company valuations around LLMs are not realistic
           | 
           | Both can be true, much like they were during the Dotcom
           | bubble. The internet turned out to be a pretty real thing. A
           | couple examples below might feel familiar in the next couple
           | months/years.
           | 
           | > Blucora (then InfoSpace): Founded by Naveen Jain, at its
           | peak its market cap was $31 billion and was the largest
           | Internet business in the American Northwest. In March 2000,
           | its stock price reached $1,305 per share, but by 2002 the
           | price had declined to $2.
           | 
           | > Broadcast.com: A streaming media website that was acquired
           | by Yahoo! for $5.9 billion in stock, making Mark Cuban and
           | Todd Wagner multi-billionaires. The site is now defunct.
           | 
           | > eToys.com: An online toy retailer whose stock price hit a
           | high of $84.35 per share in October 1999. In February 2001,
           | it filed for bankruptcy with $247 million in debt. It was
           | acquired by KB Toys, which later also filed for bankruptcy.
           | 
           | > GeoCities: Founded by David Bohnett, it was acquired by
           | Yahoo! for $3.57 billion in January 1999[20] and was shut
           | down in 2009.
           | 
           | > MicroStrategy: After rising from $7 to as high as $333 in a
           | year, its shares lost $140, or 62%, on March 20, 2000,
           | following the announcement of a financial restatement for the
           | previous two years by founder Michael J. Saylor.
           | 
           | ** Some scams transcend time **
           | 
           | Great link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_companies_a
           | ffected_by_...
        
             | dluxem wrote:
             | I am of the same mindset as you, but you also have to look
             | at PE multiples of Cisco in 1999 and Nvidia today. One
             | being the "ammunition" supplier in the battle for the
             | Internet, and the other supplier in the battle for AI.
             | 
             | Cisco was over 400 at one point and Nvidia is around 30.
             | Not quite the same.
             | 
             | Other players today: - Digital Realty 48x - Equinix 75x -
             | CoreWeave (still losing money)
             | 
             | There is likely a bubble of some type here, but I don't
             | think this is the same as the Dotcom bubble.
        
               | SecretDreams wrote:
               | The circular financing aspects in the current era are
               | really obscuring some of the financials. There are also
               | very legitimate companies offering very real products.
               | The big issue today is that things feel a lot more
               | obscured and interconnected, which makes it hard to
               | discern shit from gold. Does not help when the gold and
               | shit are swimming in the same circles and shaking hands
               | with all the same people.
        
             | joxdosba wrote:
             | Btw how much is MicroStrategy down since the year 2000?
        
               | SecretDreams wrote:
               | I was expecting this comment. You know the answer. A scam
               | will keep scamming.
               | 
               | There are also legitimate companies from the dotcom
               | bubble era like amazon, microsoft, and intel. They all
               | were vastly overpriced during the dotcom era. Probably
               | also now lol.
        
               | diab0lic wrote:
               | It peaked at $18B market cap in 2000. Adjusted for
               | inflation this is 18x1.93=34.74B.
               | 
               | Today's market cap is 45.35B.
               | 
               | It isn't down, but it isn't up much since 2000.
        
           | SlinkyOnStairs wrote:
           | > the big providers are charging full freight for inference.
           | 
           | Except they're not. Anthropic's claims of temporary
           | profitability line up exactly with when SpaceX is giving them
           | discounted compute, OpenAI's such a shitfest they threw the
           | CFO off the glass cliff for daring to push back against the
           | IPO. "Profitable on inference" is an unsubstantiated rumour.
           | 
           | Just look at the copilot changes. Demand switching to other
           | providers immediately when prices rise, and there's not even
           | certainty that the new copilot prices cover costs.
           | 
           | > They might not make back the money from training
           | 
           | This is an understatement. With all the datacenter buildout,
           | they need trillions. For the investors get their money back
           | and the bubble to not implode, they functionally need to
           | unemploy everyone in the US.
           | 
           | If the AI dream is real, society just breaks.
        
             | simonw wrote:
             | > "Profitable on inference" is an unsubstantiated rumour.
             | 
             | So is "unprofitable on inference".
             | 
             | Thankfully we should find out for real as soon as those S-1
             | documents arrive.
        
               | davedx wrote:
               | Don't count on it. They might not break out inference
               | from training.
        
             | treis wrote:
             | The pricing on Open router is clear. Anthropic, OpenAI, and
             | Google all garner a massive premium over deepseek and qwen.
             | There's no other realistic explanation except that they're
             | making bank.
        
               | bootsmann wrote:
               | I can sell the tomatoes in my garden for twice the price
               | of those in the supermarket and still make massive loses.
        
               | SlinkyOnStairs wrote:
               | > There's no other realistic explanation except that
               | they're making bank.
               | 
               | If they were, they'd never shut up about it. Yet they
               | keep quiet about the financials.
        
               | treis wrote:
               | They don't shut up about it. Profitable on inference has
               | been the story for years.
        
               | boarsofcanada wrote:
               | And yet they are not profitable on an ongoing basis, and
               | aren't even claiming to be.
               | 
               | The supply is currently constrained because 50+% of data
               | center plans were cancelled as a result of the
               | impossibility of the buildouts happening in a timely
               | fashion, and subscriptions are charging a small fraction
               | of the actual cost of inference, leading them to all
               | bleed money, hence the rush to IPO to get one last
               | infusion, since many of the past investors have publicly
               | stated they aren't putting any more money in until they
               | see an ROI.
        
               | treis wrote:
               | They've stopped subscriptions for the most part.
               | Companies are paying API rates for their employees.
        
               | boarsofcanada wrote:
               | Companies are hitting their budgeted limits for AI tokens
               | less than half way through the year and reporting that
               | they aren't seeing enough benefit to substantially
               | increase that budget, and so they are scaling back use
               | and asking people to be prudent rather than token
               | maxxing.
               | 
               | In the meantime subscriptions still exist in the form of
               | chatbots and it's easy to exceed the inference cost of
               | the provider by simply using your daily, weekly, and
               | monthly limits.
               | 
               | The reality is that we just don't seem to be at a point
               | now where people are willing to pay full price for the
               | perceived value. Perhaps we'll get there within another
               | generation or two of hardware and software improvements.
        
               | johnsmith1840 wrote:
               | Why do you think Chinese companies can do that? It's
               | government subsidising price they do it with literally
               | every ibdustry.
               | 
               | Home grow a bunch discount them federally, let them wipe
               | the foreign markets.
               | 
               | If AI is threatened by china why would US NOT do the
               | same? If they did they're in a much stronger position to
               | do so than china. Cheaper energy, more cash, stronger
               | industries.
               | 
               | Infrastrucure is thr kind of thing that only a foolish US
               | admin would let fall apart to their advesary.
        
               | treis wrote:
               | It's not all Chinese companies. It's some western
               | companies running Chinese models.
        
               | podocarp wrote:
               | This is just silly. Deepseek has published so much
               | regarding speeding up and making cheaper inference and
               | people are still harping on the government subsidies
               | thing.
               | 
               | So what's all the project Stargate stuff? Subsidies only
               | work when China is doing it?
               | 
               | Deepseek is actively sacrificing performance for cost,
               | which is very clear in their latest model releases. They
               | are not attempting to get to number 1 in benchmarks, and
               | they say it clearly in their own publications.
               | 
               | Furthermore, being open weight, anyone can sell qwen and
               | deepseek compute, not just Ali and deepseek themselves.
        
             | icepush wrote:
             | Unemploying everyone was what openai described as their
             | success condition when it was founded a decade ago. There
             | was a q&a on their website that said "How will you know
             | when you have reached AGI? When the system performs most or
             | all economically valuable work." Lots of people thought
             | they were joking, or it was marketing, but they were 100%
             | serious from the first.
        
             | WarmWash wrote:
             | >For the investors get their money back and the bubble to
             | not implode, they functionally need to unemploy everyone in
             | the US.
             | 
             | More like $75/mo per user for the next 5-10 years if they
             | can get 5% of the global population to pay that.
        
           | alfalfasprout wrote:
           | > the big providers are charging full freight for inference
           | 
           | They're not and it's not clear why you seem to believe that.
           | The immense capex for buildouts, training costs, etc. are not
           | rolled into inference costs. Moreover, companies are already
           | rapidly starting to re-evaluate token spend.
        
         | SecretDreams wrote:
         | > What happens when the music stops?
         | 
         | That's a problem for your kids to figure out ~ those currently
         | getting enriched from these schemes.
        
         | colechristensen wrote:
         | >What happens when the music stops?
         | 
         | Bubble bursts, somewhere between 2008 housing crisis and the
         | dotcom bust.
         | 
         | Really dependent on if there are any OTHER structural problems
         | to compound a fast re-valuation of tech stocks. There's plenty
         | of noise about banks holding large amounts of bad private
         | credit debt. There could be a lot or only a little collapse.
         | There's so much uncertainty and the combination of war, high
         | oil prices, and uncertainty about tarriffs that the market
         | struggles to value anything as international fear drives
         | investment into the US and high prices confusing whether growth
         | is growth or just inflation.
         | 
         | Definitive peace in Iran combined with some sort of sobering AI
         | news signaling the end to the infinite growth party could crush
         | the markets.
        
           | ToucanLoucan wrote:
           | The post-information age has never felt so well-named as it
           | does lately. Investors dumping billions into completely
           | unproven and, largely, undesired tech. Why? Because the
           | Valley doesn't have anything else to sell, seemingly.
           | 
           | Either way, as always, we'll do it the American Way:
           | Privatize the profits, socialize the losses.
        
             | colechristensen wrote:
             | >The post-information age has never felt so well-named as
             | it does lately. Investors dumping billions into completely
             | unproven and, largely, undesired tech. Why?
             | 
             | Eh. There's too much money. Covid response involved
             | printing a lot of money and it all ended up somewhere. The
             | chaos of the current administration has made everything
             | considerably harder to price and the coincidental rise of
             | the LLM has put us in strange situation that is
             | legitimately difficult to price things correctly.
        
           | SlinkyOnStairs wrote:
           | > There's plenty of noise about banks holding large amounts
           | of bad private credit debt.
           | 
           | This is still only big enough to cause funny banking
           | collapses not actual 2008 scale financial disasters. Banks
           | hold a lot of bad debt, but it's isolated from consumer
           | accounts. Might not want to hold equity in SoftBank though.
           | 
           | > There's so much uncertainty and the combination of war,
           | high oil prices, and uncertainty about tarriffs that the
           | market struggles to value anything as international fear
           | drives investment into the US and high prices confusing
           | whether growth is growth or just inflation.
           | 
           | The big concern lies in what the Trump admin will do. Things
           | could end up merely a bad recession, like the Dotcom and
           | Telecom bubble.
           | 
           | Or they can attempt to keep the bubble going once it
           | collapses, crashing interest rates, and doom the US economy.
        
             | Ekaros wrote:
             | On other hand private corporate credit freezing might take
             | down lot of business that need credit lines to operate
             | regularly. Even the not so bad zombie companies. Tightening
             | up and not being able to revolve credit anymore could lead
             | to bankruptcies.
        
             | colechristensen wrote:
             | >This is still only big enough to cause funny banking
             | collapses not actual 2008 scale financial disasters. Banks
             | hold a lot of bad debt, but it's isolated from consumer
             | accounts. Might not want to hold equity in SoftBank though.
             | 
             | Banks are lending to these private funds that are packaging
             | questionable loans into securities (as opposed to banks
             | giving loans or companies issuing bonds). This is the
             | post-2008 place for people to get highly leveraged loans
             | and they probably need to be better regulated.
             | 
             | But yes it doesn't _seem_ like private credit alone will
             | cause problems, the concern I 'm trying to outline is a few
             | of these things happening at the same time causing a kind
             | of collapse.
             | 
             | TACO uncertainty is strangely propping up asset values as
             | there's always a credible thought that whatever is
             | happening is pretend or going to be reversed soon. And the
             | expectation that the fed isn't independent any more and
             | will make decisions to prolong the bubble resulting in a
             | bigger crash ambiguously far into the future. Few want to
             | start shorting because they have no concept of how long the
             | market can stay irrational or if 20% inflation might be
             | around the corner instead of a popped bubble.
        
           | ozgrakkurt wrote:
           | I don't think current AI is anywhere near the value of
           | internet and it will probably not be for decades.
           | 
           | Also the current president of US is Trump and they are in a
           | war that is pumping the energy prices.
           | 
           | Why not bigger than dotcom burst?
        
           | ethagnawl wrote:
           | > There's plenty of noise about banks holding large amounts
           | of bad private credit debt.
           | 
           | This and auto loans. I have NO IDEA how people are affording
           | $770 per month car payments _on top of_ $4.50+ per gallon
           | gasoline.
        
             | malfist wrote:
             | Some of us are paying $770 on a car, but it's an EV.
        
         | gowld wrote:
         | Answering that question requires determining how much of the
         | valuation is predicated on growth in AI spending from
         | Google->xAI, but not counted as a forecasted expense for
         | Google, and similar for other deals.
         | 
         | Circular deals aren't bad; what's potentially bad is if those
         | deals are misinterpreted by active investores.
        
         | tcp_handshaker wrote:
         | The awkward silence at this critical point of this interview...
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/sL9hq7Qj1qc?t=252
         | 
         | shows why the boat is about to go down.
         | 
         | The sci-fi SpaceX S1 talks about asteroid mining and other
         | imaginary chimeric stuff like space data centers... while 80 to
         | 90 of the case is about AI. But their AI case is like BMW
         | bragging about their thriving auto business...while renting all
         | their car factories to Toyota.
        
           | appplication wrote:
           | It's funny because that is a guy with enough sense to both
           | see what is going on and also not short it, because he knows
           | that none of this actually matters with regard to stock
           | performance for a properly frothy investor class.
        
         | alfalfasprout wrote:
         | It's not just that there's a circular deal it's that they're
         | prevalent. And worse, with frontier labs IPOing seeking
         | astronomical valuations that means a lot of the public is now
         | exposed too (even if they don't all get fast-tracked into eg;
         | the SP500).
         | 
         | The problem is the valuations assume astronomical growth...
         | that is likely impossible for all of them to simultaneously
         | achieve. Which means something's got to give.
        
         | nonethewiser wrote:
         | What's circular?
        
           | nemomarx wrote:
           | Google rents from SpaceX enough to show profitability, so
           | that SpaceX can IPO and make googles early shares worth more
           | than enough to pay for the renting they're doing.
           | 
           | Great deal for Google but they end up basically just paying
           | spacex to pay them back, right?
        
             | irishcoffee wrote:
             | I believe you've described "investing with a hope for a
             | profitable return" which is usually the point of investing.
             | 
             | Circular investing is a thing that is happening with all of
             | these companies related to language models. Google hoping
             | for a ROI isn't a great example of that.
        
               | olyjohn wrote:
               | Since when is leasing capacity in a datacenter considered
               | investing?
        
               | irishcoffee wrote:
               | Why does one lease something? To provide value equal or
               | better to the cost, no?
        
               | fwip wrote:
               | If I lease an apartment for two years, that's not an
               | investment.
        
               | dmix wrote:
               | In accounting terms it's not an investment it's an
               | operating expense or in your example a personal expense,
               | but if you leased a property and operated a business (ie
               | an AirBnB for an apartment) it could be considered as
               | part of an investment as it's a means to make a profit.
        
               | nemomarx wrote:
               | that would be an investment in your own business, not in
               | your landlord right?
        
               | dmix wrote:
               | The landlords business is the rent, your business goal
               | would be making a profit more than the lease. This is
               | pretty simple stuff
        
               | phil21 wrote:
               | I dunno, I've never leased space in a datacenter without
               | considering it an investment.
               | 
               | And one I expected to perform significantly better than
               | either the risk free rate or just passive investment into
               | the stock market.
               | 
               | Same reason I invest in capital equipment to put into the
               | space I lease.
        
               | nemomarx wrote:
               | Buying the 5 percent stake is investing, but is paying
               | them to be sure they can IPO normal? It reminds me more
               | of Microsoft paying apple or Google paying Firefox or
               | something.
        
         | elorant wrote:
         | When the music stops we could start buying hardware again at
         | rational prices.
        
           | NetOpWibby wrote:
           | This is what I'm looking forward to
        
             | ryandrake wrote:
             | I can't wait until these datacenters go bust and bulk DDR5
             | RAM and GPUs are sold on pallets by the kilogram rather
             | than by the gigabyte.
        
               | undersuit wrote:
               | So little of that is going to happen.
               | 
               | The DDR5 will be registered DIMMs. The GPUs will be 600W
               | paperweights with a custom form factor. Similarly the
               | NICs and other PCI-E accelerators. The motherboards also
               | adopt custom form factors to fit in racks. The hard
               | drives will be using SAS connectors. The flash will be in
               | E1.S form factors.
               | 
               | The server CPUs that you want for a home desktop or small
               | server, high clock SKUs, will be in high demand.
               | 
               | Any savings for someone willing to build a system from
               | second-hand server hardware will be eaten by using
               | adapters or sourcing a rack.
               | 
               | I'm not saying you won't be able to make a slightly
               | outdated frankenserver with more compute than you need,
               | I'm saying that's not going to bring down prices for
               | Grandma's machine that she needs working to check on her
               | retirement account.
        
           | idiotsecant wrote:
           | I dont think so. These entities and the hardware they own
           | would be bought for legitimate AI use long before they'd hit
           | the open market. AI is very useful, and even profitable at
           | the inference level. It's just an open question whether this
           | _monumental_ amount of spend for research is worth it.
        
         | xiaoyu2006 wrote:
         | These companies are too big to fail. I'm afraid the tax payers
         | will be the ultimate consequences bearer.
        
         | tsunamifury wrote:
         | The question you should be asking is who prints the money that
         | materializes those valuations.
         | 
         | And who gets stuck with the bonds.
        
         | atleastoptimal wrote:
         | The music would have a risk of "stopping" if these deals were
         | backed by a speculative entity. However AI actually has real
         | value/revenue, and is not a speculative product (i.e. people
         | aren't buying tokens to resell them, a token is "consumed" at
         | moment of inference)
        
           | Terr_ wrote:
           | That's like saying "nobody is speculating in Enron stock"
           | simply because there was electrical power that was sold for
           | real revenue and consumed.
        
             | atleastoptimal wrote:
             | Enron collapsed due to legitimate fraud. To imply Enron is
             | an apt comparison requires assertion that AI companies are
             | actually cooking the books. Is that what you are saying?
        
               | suggala wrote:
               | Circular dealing or round tripping is a form of cooking
               | books and sometimes results in accounting fraud.
               | Especially when circular revenue is booked without cash
               | flow growth. Do you see cash flow growth on any side of
               | these transactions.
        
               | Terr_ wrote:
               | Please address the primary point first: Selling some
               | product does _not_ disprove speculation.
               | 
               | In the case of Enron, people were obviously speculating
               | in its stock, and that remains true regardless of _why_
               | it collapsed later, or even _whether_ it collapsed at
               | all.
               | 
               | I say "first" because if you still can't agree that
               | speculation in AI stocks _even exists_ , then it's
               | pointless to discuss what people might be doing to
               | exploit or encourage it.
        
               | atleastoptimal wrote:
               | Speculation exists for every security. However wrt
               | revenue numbers, Anthropic/OpenAI's revenues are largely
               | made of companies/individuals purchasing tokens. Enron's
               | was accounting which stated future potential revenue as
               | current earnings. They are not the same. Enron pulled off
               | a lot of shady schemes to hide their accounting
               | practices. All of the "circular deals" AI labs are doing
               | are publicly known and clear to see, so its not like
               | anyone who knows what a circular deal simply knows
               | something everyone doesn't.
               | 
               | Also to be more specific about our point of disagreement,
               | I think we are referring to speculation in different
               | domains. When I brought it up, I am referring to the fact
               | that any companies whose _revenue_ is driven by a
               | speculative bubble (like what precipitated the 2008
               | crisis) would be at risk of massive losses  "if the music
               | stops". Anthropic/OpenAI aren't flipping assets. It is
               | true that VC funding is based on speculation, but their
               | core business model is producing massive revenue growth
               | on selling tokens.
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | It's an interesting point that the token revenue will
               | presumably survive a crash in stock prices. But (IIUC)
               | much of the new infrastructure is funded using stock is
               | it not? So it seems like token revenue theoretically
               | surviving doesn't address the risk to the rest of the
               | economy here. And if the economy takes a large enough hit
               | then presumably so will token spend because someone has
               | to pay for that after all.
               | 
               | Sure their actual immediate revenue is driven by concrete
               | numbers but when the rest of the economy is reorganizing
               | itself based on their projected future revenue is the
               | former observation still relevant?
        
               | atleastoptimal wrote:
               | That is true, if all the new data centers don't produce
               | revenue then there will be a crash. However you'd have to
               | bet that the models won't stop getting better, or if they
               | still keep getting better, that somehow better models
               | does not translate to increased productivity. Would it be
               | wise to look at how AI has progressed over the last 5
               | years and make that bet?
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | It's possible to question the accuracy of the projections
               | without disputing that the numbers are expected to go up.
               | It's not that the new data centers wouldn't produce _any_
               | revenue but rather that those numbers are where unfounded
               | speculation could be happening. If and when those numbers
               | fail to materialize (or when investors revise their
               | projections) would presumably be the point at which the
               | music stops.
               | 
               | Recall that the exchange earlier called into question the
               | similarity or difference to enron. Sure, the current
               | revenue numbers don't appear to be cooked but if the
               | future revenue numbers are unrealistic and everyone is
               | using those future numbers to make their decisions then
               | isn't the end result roughly analogous? Blatant fraud not
               | withstanding of course.
               | 
               | Note that I'm not claiming the above to be the case.
               | Merely illustrating the commonality and acknowledging the
               | possibility.
        
               | minraws wrote:
               | The ARR were fine but showing skewed quarterly
               | profitability numbers by slowing down research due to
               | hitting compute capacity suggests otherwise.
               | 
               | I am certain Anthropic spent less on building the next
               | model this quarter if they make it to profitability due
               | to the shear fact that they don't have enough compute.
               | 
               | Which solves the profitability problem with relative ease
               | momentarily.
               | 
               | Also just to confirm, AI subscriptions are definitely
               | being sold at a loss how big I don't know but these
               | models are much harder to run.
               | 
               | API is definitely being sold at a decent profit.
               | 
               | So if you rate limit users and do usage billing + lower
               | research costs which is a money pit temporarily.
               | 
               | (Proof is the fact that we don't have a new pre training
               | run since 4.5 yet, they used to do one every 2 releases)
               | 
               | 4.9 will probably be the same.
               | 
               | Next model Mythos doesn't seem to have a successor yet
               | and was trained previous quarter most likely, they don't
               | seem to have pre trained another one just improved Mythos
               | if at all.
               | 
               | As much as I am into AI these attempts to show that there
               | can be a profitable quarter seem like cooking the books,
               | even if we assume no shady dealings otherwise.
               | 
               | Unless one of the Labs can say for certain training is
               | going to stop they can't be profitable and I don't think
               | training can stop because marginal gains is all they
               | have.
               | 
               | 8-12 months behind narrative for Chinese labs literally
               | is going to kill the company that stops training first.
               | 
               | If we assume only a 3-6 month gap once China has more
               | compute, then well then even if they keep training the
               | lack of ability to arbitarily scale data centers in US,
               | will kill them first.
               | 
               | DeepSeek V5 might actually just end the AI race for good.
               | 
               | Also given Mythos is atleast a 10x model compared to
               | Opus, then it's pricing is likely going to be 10x as well
               | so well token prices are likely never coming down,
               | especially if these companies want to IPO.
        
               | atleastoptimal wrote:
               | Why would V5 kill the AI race? Do you believe that there
               | are diminishing returns on model intelligence when
               | applied to real-world tasks?
               | 
               | I think there are accelerating returns: i.e. a models are
               | still not good enough to be "drop in" remote workers, but
               | once that threshold is passed, the value of each token of
               | inference has a far higher multiplier.
               | 
               | This justifies the buildup. However not everyone agrees
               | that model intelligence will continue scaling thus they
               | assert that eventually the economics will hit a wall.
               | 
               | >Also given Mythos is atleast a 10x model compared to
               | Opus, then it's pricing is likely going to be 10x as well
               | so well token prices are likely never coming down,
               | especially if these companies want to IPO.
               | 
               | I don't know why people say this when cost per unit of
               | intelligence has been going down continuously over the
               | past few years. When Opus 3 was first released, its API
               | cost was $15.00 per million input tokens and $75.00 per
               | million output tokens. Opus 4.8. which is significantly
               | better, is $5.00 per 1 million input tokens and $25.00
               | per 1 million output tokens
        
               | supern0va wrote:
               | >The ARR were fine but showing skewed quarterly
               | profitability numbers by slowing down research due to
               | hitting compute capacity suggests otherwise.
               | 
               | I have to say, I find this really puzzling. We know for a
               | fact that Anthropic are making bank on metered inference.
               | That's their biggest source of profitability, we are
               | seeing software companies start to majorly adopt coding
               | agents over just the last few months.
               | 
               | Right as the biggest driver of enterprise adoption is
               | accelerating, and it's tied to their biggest profit
               | vector, you find it suspect that their profits are
               | increasing significantly?
               | 
               | Also, can you clarify what you mean by "slowing down
               | research" exactly? Do you mean they're not doing big
               | pretraining runs? Less compute available for researchers?
               | Scaled back RL?
               | 
               | >Also just to confirm, AI subscriptions are definitely
               | being sold at a loss how big I don't know but these
               | models are much harder to run.
               | 
               | Maximum usage of AI subscriptions is a loss, but do we
               | actually know how that nets out? Has anyone done any
               | research to try to figure that out?
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | > can you clarify what you mean by "slowing down
               | research"
               | 
               | He is claiming that they have been investing less in R&D
               | and that this is juicing their numbers in an
               | unsustainable way given how close the competition is to
               | catching up. His evidence is the content and cadence of
               | model releases recently. (I'm not taking a position one
               | way or the other, just clarifying for you.)
               | 
               | > Maximum usage of AI subscriptions is a loss, but do we
               | actually know how that nets out?
               | 
               | They almost certainly don't have to care. All the
               | enterprise accounts use the API pricing AFAIK and that
               | appears to be profitable and is expected to be the vast
               | majority of the usage in the medium to long term (if it
               | isn't already).
        
               | zamalek wrote:
               | > API is definitely being sold at a decent profit.
               | 
               | Where do you get this from?
               | 
               | Enterprise plans are being cancelled or limited all over
               | the place (Uber, Microsoft). I doubt Anthropic would be
               | leveraging a loss leader with their consumer plans, while
               | catastrophically hemorrhaging customers on the
               | enterprise.
               | 
               | They are either operating at a loss (possibly a minor
               | one), or a minor profit (which is chasing customers
               | away).
               | 
               | If they were comfortably profitable they wouldn't need to
               | participate in the circular deal circus.
        
               | bigbuppo wrote:
               | Remember when nvidia asked us to stop calling them enron
               | because unlike enron they actually admit to doing all the
               | things enron did so it's not illegal?
        
         | mohamedkoubaa wrote:
         | I have a riddle for you:
         | 
         | If it looks like a bubble and waddles like a bubble and quacks
         | like a bubble what is it?
        
           | crystal_revenge wrote:
           | It's not interesting to say "this is a bubble!" I've heard
           | that about virtually everything (and in many cases it's
           | likely true). What _is_ interesting is pointing out the
           | mechanics that make the bubble pop.
           | 
           | This is precisely what makes the movie the Big Short
           | interesting: we see that people did identify, within a
           | reasonable time frame, when people would start defaulting and
           | how that would cascade into a true crisis.
           | 
           | It's pretty clear that while the fruits of AI are quite
           | useful, the entire thing is rife with very questionable
           | financial engineering... but I still don't know what it is
           | that makes all of this break. For example, it's obvious that
           | the SpaceX IPO is a massive wealth transfer program, but it's
           | not obvious that it will immediately end in a crash. Given
           | how irrational the stock market has been, I don't see a
           | reason it can't continue to be irrational for long after the
           | bag has been handed over to the retail investors and
           | retirement funds.
        
             | PixyMisa wrote:
             | Also, SpaceX is a rocket and communications company with a
             | secondary AI play, where Anthropic and OpenAI are pure AI
             | companies.
             | 
             | And it is far and away the world leader in satellite launch
             | capacity and satellite internet.
             | 
             | Does that justify the massive valuation? Probably not. But
             | it's a factor.
        
               | noncoml wrote:
               | If you sum the valuations of the company from its
               | individual parts, no one sane would value it more than
               | half a billion. But look at TSLA a P/E still at 370.
               | 
               | Who is the smart and who is the idiot?
               | 
               | The one who invested in it $40 or the one who was saying
               | that even at $40 it was already too expensive?
        
           | rvz wrote:
           | A bubble waiting to burst.
        
           | sedawkgrep wrote:
           | Elon?
        
           | weregiraffe wrote:
           | It's a new paradigm, duh!
        
         | bko wrote:
         | Or, hear me out, maybe there's a compute shortage and xAI has
         | compute and manages that well.
         | 
         | There are no dark GPUs. Compute translates directly to money
         | for these frontier labs.
         | 
         | I think everyone is reading way too much into this. Sure there
         | is some circular transactions that are sus, but this ain't it.
        
           | jklinger410 wrote:
           | > I think everyone is reading way too much into this. Sure
           | there is some circular transactions that are sus, but this
           | ain't it.
           | 
           | Let us pin this comment and see how it ages
        
           | oblio wrote:
           | > I think everyone is reading way too much into this. Sure
           | there is some circular transactions that are sus, but this
           | ain't it.
           | 
           | Alphabet/Google profits:
           | 
           | Q1 2025: $34.54 billion
           | 
           | Q2 2025: $28.20 billion
           | 
           | Q3 2025: $34.98 billion
           | 
           | Q4 2025: $34.46 billion
           | 
           | <<Q1 2026: $62.58 billion>>
           | 
           | Amazon profits:
           | 
           | Q1 2025: $17.1 billion
           | 
           | Q2 2025: $18.16 billion
           | 
           | Q3 2025: $21.2 billion
           | 
           | Q4 2025: $21.19 billion
           | 
           | <<Q1 2026: $30.3 billion>>
           | 
           | Both Alphabet/Google and Amazon have invested recently into
           | Anthropic and are doing all sorts of financial chicanery.
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-bjNrGFiAI4
           | 
           | Nah, man, it's all fine, they're just going to take down the
           | entire global financial system doing this crap, and by
           | global, I mean <<everyone's>> pensions are going to take a
           | hit, even "fully funded" pension systems.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _Both Alphabet /Google and Amazon have invested recently
             | into Anthropic and are doing all sorts of financial
             | chicanery_
             | 
             | bko didn't say there isn't circular financing going on.
             | They're just saying _this_ isn't an example of it. They're
             | right.
             | 
             | It's a potential conflict of interest. And if the agreement
             | is fake--if Google cancels without paying the cash--it
             | could be market manipulation. But the influencer space
             | likes to latch onto jargon, and the one it's overapplying
             | right now is circular financing.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | Did I say it was circular financing? I said "financial
               | chicanery". I even included a link to a video explaining
               | said financial chicanery.
               | 
               | What are you even going on about?
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | The comment you're responding to and the comment above it
               | are about circular financing. It's reasonably to assume
               | that's the same chicanery you're talking about; expecting
               | everyone to watch a random video to understand your
               | comment is unreasonable.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | I listed a bunch of data points that make no sense
               | (profits spiking 50% in a non-Christmas quarter for
               | companies) and weren't directly tied[1] to the circular
               | financing.
               | 
               | [1] They're indirectly tied to it.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _that make no sense (profits spiking 50%_
               | 
               | They were unrealized gains on non-marketable equities.
               | It's clearly disclosed and done according to GAAP. It's
               | put under other income precisely so analysts can strip it
               | out when modelling long-term trends.
               | 
               | Like, yes, if SpaceX goes to zero Google would have to
               | realize losses and probably lose a quarter or two of GAAP
               | profits. (But not cash flows. Cash-flow wise, it may wind
               | up being positive due to tax effects.) It's a risk
               | factor, of course, but far from making no sense.
               | 
               | None of which is particularly relevant to the deal at
               | hand other than in raising a potential conflict of
               | interest among related parties.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | > but far from making no sense.
               | 
               | When I said "it makes no sense", I didn't mean "the
               | accounting math doesn't work out". I meant "raising a
               | potential conflict of interest among related parties".
               | 
               | This whole AI financing this is the motherlode of
               | "potential conflict of interest among related parties".
               | 
               | And people who are obtuse enough to ignore this because
               | it's not illegal right now will discover 5-10 years from
               | now that laws are written in blood (or massive
               | bankruptcies).
        
           | tootie wrote:
           | Compute is presently in shortage but generally it's a
           | commodity. It also depreciates.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _generally it 's a commodity_
             | 
             | The NVIDIA GPUs, HBM, land-use permits and power-supply
             | agreements xAI nailed down are absolutely not commodities.
             | 
             | I think xAI is a mess. But let's call a spade a spade, they
             | speculated on AI compute and they are currently right.
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | > and power-supply agreements
               | 
               | Don't you mean gas turbine purchases and questionably
               | legal operation? But yeah I feel exactly the same way.
               | The AI part of xAI looks like a mess but it seems that
               | they still managed to score a massive win.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _Don 't you mean gas turbine purchases and questionably
               | legal operation?_
               | 
               | The point is it's running. They built fast before the
               | backlash got organized. Now everyone has to deal with
               | delays and thoughtful permitting processes.
        
               | XorNot wrote:
               | The point is they're in a business no one would claim is
               | particularly profitable but claiming a valuation like
               | they're in a totally different business - one where
               | they're not even top 3.
               | 
               | Its not that there isn't value in that business, but it's
               | not the AI business either. Its the one where Oracle is
               | laying off staff to try and avoid a revenue crash on
               | future commitments.
               | 
               | Both Google and Anthropic would be trying to can this
               | sort of rental arrangement as fast as possible since it's
               | a mind bogglingly expensive way to get something you
               | already do in house.
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | It isn't _normally_ particularly profitable but given
               | their lucky timing they appear to temporarily be doing
               | quite well. When their tenants eventually vacate either
               | they make a move to reenter the race for the cutting edge
               | and get lucky or else they revert to a  "boring" cloud
               | rental business with near cutting edge hardware. That
               | seems like an extremely favorable mode of failure to me.
        
               | BoorishBears wrote:
               | You're taking an odd tone here.
               | 
               | The "backlash" is the poorest residents one of the
               | poorest large cities in America trying to fight for their
               | right to clean air.
               | 
               | Your point might end at "it's running", but holistic
               | thinkers have no problem considering the how they arrived
               | there, given what it's doing to these folks for marginal
               | benefit.
               | 
               | It's not like xAI would go under if they had chosen a
               | less populated location and waited to get permanent
               | power.
        
               | hn_acc1 wrote:
               | Sure, they brought in artillery and a small freelance
               | militia to shoot at the unionized workers, but the point
               | is, the survivors are back working the mines...
        
               | BoorishBears wrote:
               | This feels highly revisionist: they bet on becoming a
               | frontier lab and were aiming for AGI.
               | 
               | If they were speculating on compute, it seems highly
               | unlikely they'd have spent the operating costs for the
               | last 3 years of model development and deployment instead
               | of just getting even more compute.
        
               | grogers wrote:
               | My read is that xAI built a lot of compute for their own
               | use, but they didn't get any adoption so they are
               | reselling the unused capacity to recoup at least some of
               | the costs. So calling it a good bet is kind of misleading
        
               | mirekrusin wrote:
               | "Some" of the cost? More like 120%-200% recovery during
               | shortage and it's still going to be an asset after that
               | period.
        
           | b112 wrote:
           | Indeed, that hardware was bought on old RAM, SSD, etc
           | pricing. These are now 5x the price.
           | 
           | To reap massive profits before depreciation is just plain
           | smart. LLM space, model generation is just plain crowded now
           | too. And everyone thinks a crash is coming.
           | 
           | They could also build out their own end-user infra, but
           | letting someone else which already sells direct to the public
           | do so, is sensible.
           | 
           | I know of the desire to show profit for the IPO, but my point
           | is, this is a good move on its own.
        
           | jhallenworld wrote:
           | >There are no dark GPUs
           | 
           | This might not be true. Someone was comparing Nvidia's
           | production rate with known data center capacity, and they do
           | not match. Their conclusion was that people (possibly even
           | Nvidia) were hoarding GPUs- in the very short term this might
           | be a good strategy, but GPUs go EOL fast. There are other
           | stories about paused datacenter builds that match with this.
           | 
           | TSMC is definitely fully allocated, based on current 40 wk
           | lead times for FPGAs..
        
             | Dig1t wrote:
             | All that means is that there's a bottleneck at the data
             | center layer. When he says "dark GPUs" he's saying that
             | there are no dark DEPLOYED GPUs.
             | 
             | This is a reference to the 1990's dot com bubble where
             | internet infrastructure companies overbuilt network
             | capacity, leading to the term "dark fiber". That was an
             | indicator of a bubble because it showed that capacity was
             | larger than demand. OP is saying that this is specifically
             | NOT happening in the case of GPUs yet, indicating that
             | demand still outstrips supply of compute.
             | 
             | >GPUs go EOL fast
             | 
             | We are seeing the opposite of what was expected, GPUs are
             | actually getting more valuable because demand is so great,
             | something that basically never happens. Even older chips
             | have become more valuable.
             | 
             | >paused datacenter builds
             | 
             | It doesn't seem that datacenters have been paused because
             | of lack of demand for AI, it seems mostly that there is a
             | lot of pushback by cities to build these things and also
             | there is a shortage of power to run them.
             | 
             | IMO none of these things point to a AI being a bubble
             | (over-hyped, demand does not match the stated value). It
             | mostly points to the opposite, there is massive demand for
             | AI and every layer of the supply chain is struggling to
             | keep up with that demand.
        
               | hadlock wrote:
               | Adding to this, a lot of fiber installed in the 1990s is
               | still dark. Multi-wavelength XYZ and other improvements
               | mean the same fiber from 35 years ago can carry 100 or
               | 1000x what it was originally designed for. Also, like
               | Solar, all the cost is in labor. When they designed the
               | Seattle/King County fiber network, they knew they would
               | never have access/permits to go back and add more, so
               | instead of running a single 12 fiber bundle the size of
               | your pinkie, they ran 3 x 1024 bundles the size of your
               | arm through the hollow bridges that span I-5 freeway and
               | snakes through Seattle underground. Almost all of that
               | sits dark today despite being in a very busy area, simply
               | because fiber technology keeps getting better.
        
               | db48x wrote:
               | Yea, fiber is great. They can do hundreds of terabits/s
               | per fiber today, and petabits/s is not far away.
               | Bandwidth is fundamentally cheap enough that my ISP
               | offers 50Gbps residential service!
        
               | podocarp wrote:
               | Can I ask where do you stay? Korea? 50G is insane, is it
               | on qsfp? Also what's the pricing on that?
        
               | snypher wrote:
               | Don't you think that under excess demand, production will
               | ramp, competition will become available etc? These posts
               | read like we're all out of fresh silicon or something.
        
               | aprdm wrote:
               | No. Because the investment to get into the game is too
               | big and takes too long. The ones who can create the
               | silicon are already oversubscribed.
        
               | LearnYouALisp wrote:
               | > ...GPUs are actually getting more valuable because
               | demand is so great, something that basically never
               | happens. Even older chips have become more valuable.
               | 
               | Huh, anybody want to buy a GTX 680? Or even a formerly-
               | SLI'd pair?
        
               | baq wrote:
               | > IMO none of these things point to a AI being a bubble
               | (over-hyped, demand does not match the stated value).
               | 
               | I agree the demand is there, but hyperscaler capex is
               | what now? 3% GDP? This is an absurd amount of money and
               | people who question whether the ROI is there have a point
               | just because of the order of magnitude of this spend
               | number.
        
           | adjejmxbdjdn wrote:
           | Compute is also a rapidly depreciating asset.
           | 
           | I want to make a comparison with a car rental business and
           | say that it would be like valuing Hertz entirely on the basis
           | of the number of cars they own, as opposed to how many they
           | rent out, but cars have a much longer depreciation period, if
           | there are no customers they're not costing you more money,
           | unlike your computer which you are using for training and
           | sucking up massive amounts of energy, and those cars do
           | maintain decent value even after they're of little use to the
           | car rental company, unlike the compute here.
        
             | BoorishBears wrote:
             | Compute is about to come an appreciating asset in the near-
             | term, and it some ways it already is.
             | 
             | The frontier labs are shifting from pricing grounded in the
             | price of compute, to pricing grounded in the intelligence
             | provided, or more specifically the economic value of that
             | intelligence downstream.
             | 
             | The margins on that allow them to pay a hefty premium on
             | compute and still come out ahead.
             | 
             | As they buy more compute at high prices, they're also
             | pricing out competition from cheaper models. It's already
             | become materially more difficult to get compute to run open
             | weight models at competitive prices as a result of frontier
             | labs in the last year.
        
               | enos_feedler wrote:
               | There is zero evidence of this shift in pricing
               | occurring. It's still a dream which seems unlikely
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | It feels like this is the line people are using to
               | justify the expense of compute capex
        
               | otterley wrote:
               | The fact that you can sell or lease out something for
               | more than you bought it for is justification in and of
               | itself.
        
               | adgjlsfhk1 wrote:
               | Not necessarily. The GPU leases Spacex has made are month
               | to month, so they are taking on all of the risk. If
               | demand goes down, they're the ones stuck with the assets.
        
               | BoorishBears wrote:
               | I run a consumer AI product and the current reality of
               | trying to get compute vs what it was 6-12 months ago is
               | enough to justify it to anyone who has the money.
               | 
               | I think OpenClaw created a mania that was completely
               | unfounded (Apple Silicon is worth dirt compared to
               | literally anything from NVIDIA including consumer GPUs),
               | but the prediction of compute becoming scarce was correct
        
               | BoorishBears wrote:
               | News to me?
               | 
               | Opus 4.7 has all the signs of a smaller model distilled
               | from a newer pretraining run... except a smaller price.
               | 
               | Flash 3.5 raised in price pretty meaningfully over Flash
               | 3
               | 
               | GPT 5.4 got a small price bump over
               | gpt-5.3-Codex/gpt-5.2, then gpt-5.5 _doubled_ pricing
               | over gpt-5.4
               | 
               | Even open weights isn't immune: Kimi K2.6 was originally
               | priced higher despite openly being 2.5 + more post-
               | training, same with GLM 5.1 vs 5
               | 
               | -
               | 
               | All while rental prices are spiking month over month, and
               | NVIDIA Inception discounted prices for buying are higher
               | than undiscounted prices for buying 6 months ago...
        
               | koolala wrote:
               | Dream? It is a nightmare that computers aren't getting
               | significantly more efficient anymore.
        
             | shdh wrote:
             | It is depreciating, but demand has been very high.
             | 
             | There's a reason old 3090's went from $600 in 2022 o to
             | over $1K in 2026.
        
               | noosphr wrote:
               | My local inference rig now costs three times what I
               | bought it for. If I'd gotten the max ram I could at the
               | time I would have made $10k after selling the excess to
               | my current spec.
               | 
               | How someone can look at an asset class thats appreciated
               | an order of magnitude in the last two years and say it
               | will depreciate in value when the tailwinds are even
               | stronger now is beyond me.
        
               | shdh wrote:
               | Fundamentals dictate hardware is a depreciating asset,
               | they're not wrong. They're just ignoring the reality of
               | the current market.
        
               | noosphr wrote:
               | This was true when Moores law wasn't dead. Per watts
               | performance has been flat since Ampere. There is a reason
               | why undervolted 3090s are still used.
        
               | codechicago277 wrote:
               | GPUs do have a life expectancy. They don't run forever,
               | especially at high temperatures and full utilization.
        
               | noosphr wrote:
               | You undervolt them because the last 50% of power adss 10%
               | of compute.
        
               | baq wrote:
               | Undervolting is not running at max utilization by
               | definition almost.
               | 
               | ...but the real question whether you want to undervolt
               | your asset if you're renting it out is why bother? You
               | probably expect to replace it anyway after it's spec
               | lifetime, for sure want to replace it when a more
               | efficient solution is available since datacenters are
               | power and volume constrained and customers care about
               | performance _much_ more than hardware longevity
               | (otherwise they'd buy instead of rent).
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | Performance goes way up if you use liquid nitrogen to
               | cool the chips. Maybe finally someone's willing to pay
               | for that.
        
               | snypher wrote:
               | Yes, toilet paper and N95s were expensive and hard to buy
               | once, which is why I stockpiled a lifetime supply of
               | them. Suckers!
        
               | dpark wrote:
               | "Graph go up to the right. Graph stop at edge of paper.
               | Must go up forever!"
        
               | iririririr wrote:
               | everything* is 3x more expensive in the same amount of
               | time though. that's inflation mostly.
               | 
               | * except ram
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | Will it continue to appreciate to infinity? Maintain its
               | value forever? Or will something else happen?
               | 
               | The same argument you've made would work for tulip bulbs,
               | dotcom prices, or whatever. Prices go up until they
               | don't. Exponentials don't last forever and the intrinsics
               | of technology assets depreciate: things wear out and are
               | also replaced with better things.
        
             | iririririr wrote:
             | no need for a car analogy.
             | 
             | the comment you replied to is word-by-word what people
             | hyping canadian telecoms were saying before the dotcom
             | crash!
        
             | nl wrote:
             | > Compute is also a rapidly depreciating asset.
             | 
             | That's the default assumption but in the new GPU+Memory
             | constrained age isn't true.
             | 
             | Time on 4 year old H100 servers costs more now than when
             | they were new (!!)
        
               | RealityVoid wrote:
               | > That's the default assumption but in the new GPU+Memory
               | constrained age isn't true.
               | 
               | Is it an age or a temporary situation?
        
               | frognumber wrote:
               | It's very unclear to me.
               | 
               | The key question is on direction of LLMs. Right now, LLMs
               | are taking over human jobs. If the cost of silicon+power
               | < cost of human being doing the same work, what rational
               | reason is there to employ a human being?
               | 
               | If this applies to SWEs, lawyers, business analysts, many
               | research scientists, .... this situation could persist
               | for a long, long time. While capital costs less than the
               | inputs of labor (nominal food, housing, etc.), there is
               | no need for labor.
               | 
               | The key question is about continued progress in models,
               | and of the tooling around them:
               | 
               | - Plateau: Old silicon obsoletes in due course
               | 
               | - Rise quickly: Old silicon maintains value for a long
               | time
        
               | paulhebert wrote:
               | > what rational reason is there to employ a human being?
               | 
               | To maintain a functioning society and social contract?
               | 
               | Is wanting low unemployment in our society not rational?
        
               | fluidcruft wrote:
               | What I don't understand is if nobody has jobs, who's
               | paying the machines to do anything?
               | 
               | So okay cool you don't need people to design and build
               | cars. Who's going to buy the cars and where exactly are
               | they finding money?
               | 
               | But see also the "radiologists driving to work" meme for
               | why I think tech in general is currently getting high off
               | their own farts.
        
               | mikepurvis wrote:
               | Are current datacenter deployments structured in such a
               | way that the memory can later be moved to newer GPU dies?
               | Or is it all packaged together as on consumer graphics
               | cards?
               | 
               | I assumed the latter and therefore that the memory is
               | depreciating along with the GPU cores it's soldered onto
               | PCBs with.
               | 
               | ... or is it a different argument being made, perhaps
               | that depreciation for GPUs has slowed because rising
               | demand will keep them in service longer?
        
               | baq wrote:
               | Everything is a temporary situation on long enough
               | timeframes, especially if it's exponentially growing.
               | Moore's law which dictates that compute depreciates
               | quickly has been slowing down a lot in the last few
               | years, coupled with the explosion in demand we've found
               | ourselves in a prolonged shortage situation. The bubble
               | will pop, but if you predict when correctly, you will be
               | a rich man.
        
             | latchkey wrote:
             | "depreciating" is not being used in the right sense.
             | 
             | There is depreciation, which is taking the purchase price
             | and dividing it across N number of years (typically 5).
             | That's the D in EBITDA and is mostly used as a
             | profitability calculation.
             | 
             | The depreciation of a GPU also gets mucked up in the
             | current GPU financed market as well. DDTL loans. The people
             | running the GPUs often don't even own the GPU, they lease
             | it, so there is nothing for them to depreciate (D).
             | 
             | The analogy that a GPU is like a used car makes zero sense.
             | There is no oil or tires to change on a GPU. They don't
             | wear out in the same way that a rental car would. They are
             | housed in climate controlled locations with clean power.
             | They just don't fail the way that is portrayed in the
             | press.
             | 
             | Useful life of a GPU is based on profitability. When does
             | opex cost more than profitability?
             | 
             | Some companies, like mine, also have support contracts.
             | Anything goes wrong with the GPU (or any part of the
             | system), Dell comes and fixes it at no extra charge. We
             | just migrate customers and workloads to hot spares while
             | the parts are replaced.
             | 
             | As for compute going down in value... the 122TB of
             | enterprise nvme and 2GB of ram in each server that I bought
             | 2 years ago is now worth vastly more than I paid for it.
             | I'm also renting my GPUs out for more money now due to
             | supply being so tight and demand being so high.
        
             | scionaura wrote:
             | it's more like if you were to value Hertz as if they were a
             | self-driving car company, only to find they're a car rental
             | company
        
           | Spooky23 wrote:
           | xAI lets companies like Google move fast and hurt people at
           | arms length.
           | 
           | Google itself has a good reputation as a facilities operator.
           | SpaceXAI is operating gas turbines emitting exhaust at ground
           | level.
        
             | seltzered_ wrote:
             | Google has also tried to hide things like water consumption
             | data, see:
             | 
             | - https://cloud.sustainability.watch/explore-
             | issues/example-go...
             | 
             | - https://www.sfgate.com/national-parks/article/mount-hood-
             | wat...
             | 
             | They also seemingly dropped their net-zero climate goal:
             | 
             | https://www.tomshardware.com/tech-industry/google-quietly-
             | re...
        
           | AtlasBarfed wrote:
           | There is a compute shortage.
           | 
           | In fact, for all these companies to do what they're going to
           | do, they need a massive, massive massive amount of data
           | centers, a highly improbable number of data centers that need
           | to be built in an highly improbably short amount of time.
           | 
           | And the capitals about to dry off in about a year. So it's a
           | race between these improbable timelines on data center
           | construction, with capital evaporating.
        
             | podocarp wrote:
             | Source for capital drying up in one year? Not trying to be
             | snarky but that's super big if true.
        
               | AtlasBarfed wrote:
               | - iran destabilization will shift middle east capital to
               | military spending and infrastructure repair
               | 
               | - Ukraine war similarly is triggering an EU buildup and
               | reduction in us dependency
               | 
               | - all the IPOs indicate the companies themselves know the
               | private investment is coming to an end so they need the
               | retail investors to keep the boondoggle moving
        
           | epsteingpt wrote:
           | correct
           | 
           | but it's really bad news for the industry capacity if your
           | best option is unproven space datacenters.
        
           | baq wrote:
           | > There are no dark GPUs.
           | 
           | There are actually lots of GPUs in storage somewhere waiting
           | for data center megawatts to put them in.
        
         | EA-3167 wrote:
         | Retail investors are currently being set up to hold that bag,
         | and presumably the companies themselves will get government
         | bailouts, so the taxpayer gets hit coming and going.
         | 
         | It's not even subtle at this point, what with the attempt at
         | S&P rules changes, the insane valuation, the attempt to change
         | the trade-through rule, and more.
        
         | redox99 wrote:
         | You seem to imply that with this deal their shares are worth
         | 88B but without it they're worthless.
         | 
         | It's very hard to know how much the deal actually increases
         | SpaceX market cap, but unless Google exits their SpaceX
         | position soon it doesn't even make much sense as a circular
         | deal.
        
           | Retric wrote:
           | Executive compensation is often based around share prices, so
           | this can be worth quite a lot to the people making these
           | decisions without any long term upside for the company.
           | 
           | If you want to understand how companies behave you really
           | need to look at things from the perspective of people making
           | the decisions.
        
             | redox99 wrote:
             | I don't see Alphabet share price changing much just because
             | of SpaceX being valued 2T instead of lets say 1T (being
             | extremely generous). In fact this deal will hurt their
             | profits, which is more likely to hurt Alphabet stock price
             | than the valuation of an asset that they hold.
        
               | panopticon wrote:
               | > _I don 't see Alphabet share price changing much just
               | because of SpaceX being valued 2T instead of lets say 1T_
               | 
               | Half of Alphabet's revenue increase last quarter came
               | from marking up unrealized gains in their Anthropic
               | investments.
               | 
               | I'm not saying Alphabet is doing this to juice the share
               | price, but I want to point out that they don't have to
               | sell shares to post banner earnings results and see a 10%
               | jump in share price overnight.
        
               | redox99 wrote:
               | That's a good point
        
           | brikym wrote:
           | They're worthless to the S&P 500 which requires four quarters
           | of profitability. SpaceX is running at a $5B loss. Google
           | 'buys' $10B of compute every year...
        
         | xyst wrote:
         | > What happens when the music stops?
         | 
         | Government hands Wall Street another bailout to the tune of
         | trillions of dollars. Wall Street executives and hedge funds
         | use funds to enrich themselves as usual. Main Street and tax
         | payer get fisted again. These massive data centers go bust. Get
         | gutted during bankruptcy and foreclosure proceedings Public
         | deals with the fallout with no help from government.
        
         | mannanj wrote:
         | Someone told me this isn't "fraud". (Was in another one of
         | these hacker news thread where a guy called all this Brilliant
         | Financial Engineering). How is this not unethical at least, it
         | befuddles me.
         | 
         | Maybe we've come to celebrate unethical behavior and its become
         | so normalized that we forget to ask ourselves what _should_ be
         | allowed.
        
         | mikeryan wrote:
         | Google also just announced a new equity raise of $80B. I have
         | no idea if doing this via equity vs debt is trying to suck some
         | of the wind out of the IPO Market for Anthropic and OpenAI but
         | it's going to be interesting to see how the markets deal with
         | all the new equity being floated. Someone isn't going to hit
         | their raise targets and the later IPOs may be the ones holding
         | the bag.
        
           | kccqzy wrote:
           | The $80B of equity raise is nothing compared to its previous
           | share buyback programs.
        
         | cyanydeez wrote:
         | we should all be asking where the downstream ROI suppose to
         | come from, because it sure as shit isnt in any of these AI
         | endevours.
        
         | bluegatty wrote:
         | It's very healthy to be skeptical but there's nothing weird
         | specifically about this.
         | 
         | It gets weird when people stop looking at the books and ignore
         | the circularity.
         | 
         | It also increase risk by reducing resiliency.
         | 
         | It's also 'cleaner' then the Nvidia style deals with OAI who
         | are customers.
         | 
         | 'Google Finance' is investing in a company.
         | 
         | Just so happens that company leases something to Google. Not so
         | bad.
         | 
         | Nvidia invests in OAI so that money comes right back as sales
         | <- much more conspicuous, looks like 'vendor financing'.
        
         | coliveira wrote:
         | This, along with many other recent deals, shows that there is
         | no real competition between these mega companies. They're at
         | this point only orchestrating the market (or should I say
         | scheming) to build an oligopoly and move as much resources and
         | money to the hands their little group through circular deals.
        
         | shitlord wrote:
         | When the music stops, this type of trade simply stops being
         | profitable. It only works because of SpaceX's insane P/E.
        
       | HoldOnAMinute wrote:
       | Technology has a very short life. The difference is that a REIT
       | might contain an office buildings that can be used for any
       | business, but a data center is filled with carcasses that start
       | rotting and stinking from the day of installation.
        
         | skybrian wrote:
         | No, that's silly. Chips don't rot like produce. Some components
         | will go bad and will need to be replaced. The owner can choose
         | how fast to replace them depending on how prices look in a few
         | years. The rest of the building (including things like power)
         | will still be useful.
        
           | chasd00 wrote:
           | i think what op meant is they're instantly out of date.
           | You're not going to be able replace every GPU in your
           | datacenter on every new release from Nvidia and customers are
           | going to go to whoever has the highest performing gear.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _customers are going to go to whoever has the highest
             | performing gear_
             | 
             | This is where we lack data. I'm skeptical of the claim. If
             | anything will force retirement of old chips, it will be
             | power efficiency, not customers being picky amidst a chip
             | shortage.
        
             | joefourier wrote:
             | Demand is so high and supply so low customers will go to
             | anyone that has any gear, period. Anthropic is paying xAI
             | for GPUs from 2022, not the latest Nvidia release.
        
         | megaman821 wrote:
         | The idea that the AI data centers would depreciate in just a
         | few years is plain wrong. The argument was that new chips would
         | be so much more powerful and efficient that it would be cheaper
         | to buy and operate the new chips than to just operate the old
         | chips. Except that demand is significantly outpacing new chip
         | manufacturing, and until it catches up years and years from
         | now, the efficiency argument doesn't matter at all.
        
           | LearnYouALisp wrote:
           | I was wondering, with the "10k" price tag quoted here for
           | some earlier (!) units, how much of that is R&D + cost, and
           | how much is just gouging the companies?
        
       | 9cb14c1ec0 wrote:
       | So we know what they are renting these GPUs for. I'm really
       | curious about the input costs of their power generation. Is there
       | actually enough margin in these deals for xAI to cover their
       | depreciation cost?
       | 
       | Edit: from the footnotes: > Colossus actually runs largely on its
       | own on-site gas turbines, which comes out even cheaper: at a
       | simple-cycle heat rate of ~10,000 Btu/kWh and Henry Hub gas at
       | ~$3.50/MMBtu, the fuel bill is only around $90mn a year.
       | 
       | OK, that's crazy. How can I get into renting GPUs to
       | hyperscalers?
        
         | eqmvii wrote:
         | I think the hard part is acquiring the GPUs, first at all, then
         | at any reasonable price.
        
           | trenchgun wrote:
           | Yes, and then you need to have the datacenter. Do you get a
           | permit? How long does it take to build it?
        
             | wongarsu wrote:
             | Getting somebody who actually knows how to design and build
             | a data center also seems to be a bit of an issue right now
        
             | joquarky wrote:
             | Simple solution: just put them in space!
        
       | xnx wrote:
       | Same idea expressed by a commenter here 2 days ago:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48426082
        
         | aurareturn wrote:
         | I'll add that I said xAI seems to be dropping out of the AGI
         | race: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48214042
         | 
         | Makes sense. Very difficult to catch OpenAI and Anthropic now
         | since their flywheel of generate revenue, use revenue to buy
         | more compute, train a smarter model with more compute, made it
         | hard to compete.
         | 
         | Being able to supply compute makes more sense for SpaceXAI if
         | you can't compete in SOTA LLMs anymore.
        
           | xnx wrote:
           | How long until Meta figures this out?
        
             | aurareturn wrote:
             | I don't think Meta has to. They have far bigger
             | distribution than X.com. I think they'll be able to make
             | use of their data centers better than xAI.
        
       | deaton wrote:
       | It makes sense. They've long since fallen behind the big 3 in
       | quality of their models. There's no good reason at this point to
       | keep burning money on Grok rather than making back some of that
       | money renting out their Colossus data center.
        
       | hmontazeri wrote:
       | > While this doesn't include opex[2] and depreciation, if the
       | deals continue for 18 months, xAI recoups all the capex they
       | spent and still has many hundreds of MW of GPUs available. With
       | the giant compute shortages likely to persist into the medium
       | term, even older H100s are likely to be extremely useful even 18
       | months out.
       | 
       | if the bubble doesn't burst until then...
        
       | john_strinlai wrote:
       | for people, like me, who aren't familiar with the acronym: REIT =
       | real estate investment trust
        
       | throwaway5752 wrote:
       | xAI is more than half of SpaceX revenue with the Google sublease.
       | _SpaceX_ is looking like a datacenter REIT.
       | 
       | Moreover they're leasing compute - the actual infra around it is
       | much less important - and how long does anyone expect heavily
       | utilized GPUs to run? How likely is SpaceX to be able to re-lease
       | this compute capacity? It will be broken down or out of date in
       | 2-3 years.
       | 
       | This should be essentially ignored in the long term for SpaceX
       | business prospects, and is low margin business that barely
       | justifies a 10x _earnings_ multiple let along a 100 revenue
       | multiple for the xAI unit.
        
       | trothamel wrote:
       | I suspect that this is the start of a play for SpaceX's orbital
       | datacenter project - if they're really planning on launching as
       | many satellites as they've said (and Starship is going to
       | massively lower the cost of launch), they won't be able to fill
       | them with Grok. So perhaps it's best to become the infrastructure
       | provider to the other AI Labs.
        
         | 542458 wrote:
         | Is there anything to read on how the economics of an orbital
         | datacenter make any sense? Because I don't really see how
         | blasting a server into space solves any of the typical issues
         | associated with datacentres beyond easier access to solar.
        
           | rcpt wrote:
           | I think the only way it makes sense is if local busybodies
           | succeed in banning data centers from the ground.
        
           | Tycho wrote:
           | The idea is that eventually the power demand for AI compute
           | will be too great to satisfy by terrestrial means.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _anything to read on how the economics of an orbital
           | datacenter make any sense?_
           | 
           | I'll do a write-up at some point. But the core drivers are
           | launch cost, permitting delays for terrestrial datacentres
           | and interest rates.
           | 
           | The balance is between, on one hand, the financing cost of
           | the permiting delays against, on the other hand, the cost of
           | launching radiators. (Chips are light. Solar panels without
           | glass cladding are surprisingly light. The weight of an
           | orbital datacenter is almost entirely in its radiator.)
           | 
           | The math high-level works with Starship (6 flights/year), 3+
           | year financing delays and a 10 kg/kW radeiator (assuming 6%
           | financing cost). Of course, there are devils upon devils in
           | the details. But directionally, we're seeing pushback against
           | terrestrial datacenters. And from what I can tell, advanced
           | heat pipes may be the unlock to get radiators down to 5 to 6
           | kg/kW, at which point I think even New Glenn's $300/kg
           | projected prices become competitive.
           | 
           | It all goes out the window if launch costs don't come down,
           | interest rates go above 10%, terrestrial datacenters start
           | getting built quicker, or demand for this category of compute
           | collapses.
        
       | zoogeny wrote:
       | If xAI is a datacenter REIT, it is a special kind that has a
       | promise that no other datacenter provider could dream of: LEO
       | datacenters. As far-fetched as that may sound, the biggest profit
       | center for SpaceX in my understanding was Starlink. xAI already
       | has extremely high-bandwidth connections from Earth to LEO
       | available. Connecting that to solar powered orbital datacenters
       | seems doable in realistic timeframes, especially once Starship
       | comes online and gives them a significant boost in launch
       | capacity.
       | 
       | If that ends up being viable and profitable, there is no
       | realistic competition for decades. In this view, xAI earning a
       | reputation as a reliable AI hyperscaler is just another tactic in
       | that strategy.
        
         | martinky24 wrote:
         | You're hand waving the whole "data center" part away. Comms is
         | one thing. That's probably 1% of the challenge.
        
           | zoogeny wrote:
           | Sure, but considering the size of the challenge it makes
           | sense to figure out the parts that can be studied on the
           | surface first. Challenges like procuring, challenges like
           | setting up relationships with potential customers. You
           | probably want to figure out everything you can so that when
           | you move on to the hard part you aren't distracted by the
           | rest.
           | 
           | Consider the alternative. SpaceX figures out how to build the
           | datacenter in space thing but fails at the rest. That would
           | be an expensive mistake.
        
         | LearnYouALisp wrote:
         | Cost per pound? Then $/Watts/TFLOPS minus cost per pound?
         | 
         | Out of curiosity (since I basically never saw $/lb mentioned in
         | any replies anywhere on this, which is hilarious; like talking
         | about having your grain mill at 10,000ft/in the mountains since
         | sunlight is better there): Have you ever tried a forSpace
         | Program?
         | 
         | (And not only 100mi or more above, they're 17,500 mph faster--
         | Mach 22 Datacenters in an oxygen-free, higher-radiation,
         | insulated environment with absolutely no resources)
        
       | nonethewiser wrote:
       | Weren't we just talking about how SpaceX is valued based on some
       | profits from starlink + tons of speculation?
       | 
       | Yet when we learn of this new $26B in yearly revenue (2.2B/month
       | from Google and Anthropic)the conversation does not return to
       | that discussion. It transforms into:
       | 
       | "xAI's tech sucks"
       | 
       | "Google/SpaceX is Structurally Bad for the Economy"
       | 
       | etc
       | 
       | This is called motivated reasoning. We get new information and
       | instead of the obvious thing, updating prior conclusions, we just
       | find a different way to react negatively. The negative reaction
       | will be achieved. The narrative here is completely polluted by
       | people who dislike Elon/SpaceX.
        
         | chris_money202 wrote:
         | Think two things can be true at once. They should be using
         | their capital to achieve their speculative price. Instead, they
         | are using their capital to achieve a modest ROI, thus
         | invalidating the speculation AND proving they have tech issues
         | in what the speculation is around.
        
           | bpodgursky wrote:
           | They are making $24B/yr on datacenters they built in < 2
           | years for $2-3B. To call that a "modest ROI" is... quite a
           | statement.
        
             | throwaway5752 wrote:
             | There is a shortage, they are short lived assets. It's a
             | blip and unrelated to their long term profitability and
             | valuation. They can't make a long lived business of
             | building and renting out compute at those margins.
             | 
             | It was definitely a smart business move. It should be
             | troubling to any shareholder than xAI is unable to utilize
             | this infrastructure as renting it out to competitors.
        
               | gunapologist99 wrote:
               | Better not mention your theory to all the other Tier 1
               | data centers. Or maybe you're saying that it's only AI
               | that's short-lived.
        
               | chris_money202 wrote:
               | T1 companies have longer depreciation cycles, they have
               | customers that will use the dated hw for non-frontier
               | work. They can make the capex more justifiable and have
               | flexibility to be more creative about its use. A frontier
               | lab really needs the best hw available at full capacity.
        
               | throwaway5752 wrote:
               | Respectfully, I tend to think of tier 1 data centers as
               | someone I'm paying for colocation services and the value
               | they provide is power infrastructure and redundancy,
               | network infrastructure and redundancy, cooling, and
               | physical security.
               | 
               | The shortage I referred to is in GPUs, that's what really
               | being rented here.
               | 
               | Even if GPUs lasted forever, they're are a depreciating
               | asset because they become obsolete with improvements over
               | generations.
               | 
               | GPUs do not last forever, either. I've read here, and
               | heard from others, that they aren't even living up to
               | their 5 year depreciation schedules under production
               | load, closer to 2-3 years.
               | 
               | I use AI all the time. I hope AI isn't short lived. It
               | might be if they can't figure this shit out, or if IPOs
               | like spacex poison public opinion against them first.
        
               | phil21 wrote:
               | > GPUs do not last forever, either. I've read here, and
               | heard from others, that they aren't even living up to
               | their 5 year depreciation schedules under production
               | load, closer to 2-3 years
               | 
               | People said this about GPUs during the crypto mining
               | craze and were wrong back then too. While I can't speak
               | for the entire industry I can say my personal experience
               | follows any normal intuition over solid state
               | electronics.
               | 
               | Some early failures in the bathtub curve, and then you
               | start seeing fans, heat paste, and board capacitors fail
               | far before you start seeing any chip failures at scale.
               | 
               | Sure you can abuse anything you want to burn it out, but
               | I doubt that's what's happening inside these facilities.
        
             | chris_money202 wrote:
             | Operating these datacenters is a pretty big cost that isn't
             | factored here
        
             | qaq wrote:
             | Where did you get 2-3B from? Colosus 2 GPU's alone were 18B
             | Total cost including construction, power and water
             | treatment facility might be close to 25-30B.
        
               | guywithahat wrote:
               | I'm not OP but that was the cost of the initial facility
               | if I remember correctly when it was first up and running,
               | what you're describing I believe is the full cost after
               | all expansions/etc
        
             | adammarples wrote:
             | It's right in the article, there were 40bn of disclosed
             | costs. It's still a good return, it pays for itself in 18
             | months, but if you build and rent data centres, then that's
             | your business, and you're not likely to 100x in 3 years,
             | which is the wild projection behind their valuation.
        
               | EdwardDiego wrote:
               | Also moves spend from capex to opex for your competitors
               | - their access to your GPUs so don't have to wait to buy
               | so many of their own, and I'm going to take a stab that
               | those puppies are going to depreciate hard.
               | 
               | But better to make some money with it while trying to
               | catch up than none money hoping you _can_ catch up.
        
           | wmf wrote:
           | Elon says Grok models are being trained right now. (Unless I
           | missed an update.) For whatever reason these training runs
           | are not using xAI's full GPU capacity. Short of a miracle or
           | time machine it sounds like there is nothing more they can do
           | to advance their mission.
        
         | jmye wrote:
         | > he narrative here is completely polluted by people who
         | dislike Elon/SpaceX.
         | 
         | Hard disagree. It's polluted by Elon in general (pro and con),
         | just like Tesla's idiotic valuation.
         | 
         | But in this case, a pivoted business model fundamentally
         | changes the value proposition, and I'm not clear why "this
         | space company making money on space things is now pretending to
         | be a compute reseller and that's a good thing" is the narrative
         | _you_ think is preferable.
         | 
         | It's also beyond lame to essentially subtweet a "narrative"
         | instead of responding to it directly. Who is "we", aside from a
         | transparently dishonest way to pretend consensus exists?
        
         | emodendroket wrote:
         | Well, perhaps, but those concerns seem different enough that it
         | seems fairly plausible different people have them. It seems
         | hard to argue the basic point that Grok is not as good as its
         | competition if you spend time using both. That may or may not
         | matter from a business perspective.
        
         | pseudosavant wrote:
         | I think the point is, that although at least xAI is monetizing
         | their GPUs/datacenters, they are doing so at a REIT/rental
         | multiplier instead of a frontier lab multiplier.
         | 
         | Clearly, xAI thinks this is the best way for them to extract
         | value out of their assets.
         | 
         | Also, it is clear that Google and Anthropic both think they can
         | extract more value out of those assets than they will pay in
         | rent to SpaceX.
        
           | EdwardDiego wrote:
           | I got approached by a recruiter to directly train Grok on
           | coding, so it seems like they're still trying to build a
           | model that's better at coding than shitposting at least?
        
         | EdwardDiego wrote:
         | I just don't like the clever corporate shell games Musk has
         | been playing with his related party businesses to juice
         | revenues and keep share prices up - e.g., SpaceX buying $131
         | million worth of Cybertrucks from Tesla, or SpaceX buying xAI.
         | 
         | It's clever business perhaps, but it's terrible governance.
         | 
         | But then Musk will always control the majority of voting rights
         | in SpaceX, so not like the shareholders are able to vote to
         | remove him from the board. Being fair, it's the same share
         | structure Zuckerberg uses to retain control over Meta, in case
         | I give the impression that I think only Musk is doing this.
         | 
         | Which is why I'd never buy shares in either of them, the
         | directors are supposed to act in the best interests of all
         | shareholders, and well, if you can't vote on director
         | appointments, you can't do anything when they decide to act in
         | the best interests of a few shareholders.
        
       | qaq wrote:
       | Basically xAI is pulling a Palantir. They try to reposition
       | datacenter capacity lease revenue to have a multiplier of fast
       | growing frontier lab.
        
       | Nuzzerino wrote:
       | Elon is brilliant when it comes to hardware. But unfortunately
       | with xAI, he went on a firing spree, PayPal Mafia style, just
       | like with Twitter when he bought it, shortly before doing another
       | hiring drive, and failing to hire software engineers at scale.
       | 
       | The datacenter deals came after. But now, the man who promised
       | the world an AI system that defends free speech and is "pro-
       | human", is instead selling to his competitors and lowering the
       | daily app usage limits of his own Grok by an order of magnitude
       | (really).
       | 
       | If you're dealing with the world's richest man, you can predict
       | that money will come before other concerns despite other
       | rhetoric. Interesting strategy though!
       | 
       | Edit: To be fair, they did decide that hardware was "the
       | bottleneck" according to an interview I saw last year. But I
       | firmly believe they underestimated the software problem (and
       | their app was/is riddled with them).
        
         | top_sigrid wrote:
         | > Elon is brilliant when it comes to hardware.
         | 
         | What shall that even mean?
        
           | cooper_ganglia wrote:
           | Tesla, Falcon 9, Starlink, Mechazilla, SolarCity, Colossus,
           | Neuralink, Starship, Optimus...
        
             | winfredJa wrote:
             | Optimus seriously.
        
             | jayd16 wrote:
             | Tesla is the only profitable example in that list?
        
             | tpetry wrote:
             | SolarCity pretty much failed. Wasnt there an article
             | recently that their projects per year is super low?
        
           | missedthecue wrote:
           | Every product adoption success he's had since PayPal has been
           | hardware.
        
         | CamperBob2 wrote:
         | He didn't go on a firing spree at xAI. A lot of talented people
         | who could go anywhere else and work with anyone else in the AI
         | field did just that.
        
       | bluegatty wrote:
       | Space X is a bet on AI, which is not 'data centre leasing' - it's
       | a short term profitability bump and foregoing the entire AI
       | dream.
       | 
       | Not a good look.
       | 
       | But the short term numbers may oddly provide the emotive juice
       | necessary to fuel the gig "hey, look at their massive revenues!"
        
       | karl_gluck wrote:
       | Is this HN user runako's comment[1] from 2 days ago turned into
       | an article?
       | 
       | I guess it's very possible multiple people are coming up with the
       | same idea at the same time but given this was submitted by the
       | author it seems kinda rude not to mention it.
       | 
       | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/threads?id=runako#48426082
        
       | outside1234 wrote:
       | EDIT: A data center REIT where 1/5th of the datacenter falls
       | apart each year and needs to be rebuilt _. (aka "not a good REIT
       | investment")
       | 
       | _ Because the GPUs go out of date.
        
         | joefourier wrote:
         | And yet Anthropic is paying xAI over a billion dollars a month
         | for those out of date GPUs in their first datacentre (H100s
         | being nearly 4 years old at this point).
         | 
         | Even A100s are still barely available on the major clouds
         | despite being 6 years old.
        
           | redox99 wrote:
           | And I expect blackwells to hold value even more (already very
           | LLM optimized, and semiconductor processes will slow down).
        
           | LearnYouALisp wrote:
           | Eye-watering. Who are Anthropic's main consumers?
        
       | maxdo wrote:
       | It's a vertical company they did compute very good , their top
       | model bounce between top tier and -1 -2 gen. They were top tier
       | only once though on paper briefly . If tomorrow thy will hit top
       | tier , that do have know how to expand . They can even buy back
       | from Google or anthropic if they agree.
        
       | otterley wrote:
       | It's not a datacenter REIT. Datacenter REITs don't sell compute.
       | They sell space, power, and cooling in which compute lives.
       | 
       | I get the point the author is trying to make (in that SpaceX's
       | most valuable asset is its compute capacity), but it's not quite
       | the right analogy.
       | 
       | SpaceX is basically Elon's holding company for everything-but-
       | Tesla at this point. If you're betting on SpaceX, you're betting
       | on a conglomerate.
        
       | georgeburdell wrote:
       | Not that my feelings or opinion matter, but I'm going to be
       | devastated if this xAI grift takes down SpaceX. I am reminded
       | that the 90s Boy Band groups Backstreet Boys and N*SYNC were the
       | side projects of a Ponzi Scheme.
        
         | protocolture wrote:
         | I hope that Backstreet Boys grift didnt take down the Ponzi
         | scheme.
        
       | blactuary wrote:
       | Writing this:
       | 
       | > In comparison, SpaceX/xAI are incredible at building
       | datacentres on time. The original Colossus 1 datacentre was built
       | in 122 days. Musk's empire does have a huge advantage in really
       | understanding how to plan, build and execute enormous
       | infrastructure projects quickly
       | 
       | Without even mentioning that it was done illegally and the air
       | pollution they are creating with gas turbines is wildly
       | irresponsible
        
         | notyourwork wrote:
         | It's easy when you skirt regulations.
        
         | bobsomers wrote:
         | It's easy to deliver things fast when you don't care at all for
         | the local communities or residents whose lives you ruin in the
         | process.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_bP80DEAbuo (@ 4:08)
        
         | root_axis wrote:
         | Interesting that Anthropic doesn't feel that leasing an
         | illegally powered data center is a risk to their business
         | operations or brand.
        
       | mattas wrote:
       | So it's Coreweave?
        
       | credit_guy wrote:
       | Sure, but it's very different from a regular datacenter REIT.
       | It's supply and demand: a regular datacenter REIT competes with
       | tons of other datacenter REITs. xAI has something to offer that
       | basically nobody else can: datacenter capacity ready to use for
       | LLM inference. When you are a monopoly you can charge exorbitant
       | prices. There's no shame in being "just a datacenter REIT" when
       | you can charge 10x what it costs you to run that datacenter.
        
       | overgard wrote:
       | AFAIK the Colossus data center was more or less "brute force"
       | when it comes to building a datacenter fast -- ie it was very
       | expensive and they cut some pretty ugly corners (their generators
       | are "temporary" to get around regulations, but I don't see how
       | they can possibly be "temporary" and they create a massive amount
       | of pollution compared to other power sources). The reason I point
       | that out is the article mentions that SpaceX is "better" at
       | building huge datacenters. I think this might be an overstatement
       | -- they're just more willing to throw massive amounts of money
       | and bend as many rules as possible.
        
         | frankacter wrote:
         | Cheap. Fast. Good. Pick two.
         | 
         | Colossus is the world's largest single, unified GPU cluster,
         | all GPUs acting as one coherent supercomputer rather than
         | fragmented pools or multi-site setups. They spun it up in a
         | fraction of the time by all estimates. It's not something you
         | can just throw money at and reproduce the results.
         | 
         | Per Jensen Huang:
         | 
         | "As far as I know, there's only one person in the world who
         | could do that; Elon is singular in his understanding of
         | engineering and construction and large systems and marshaling
         | resources; it's just unbelievable. A supercomputer that you
         | would build would take normally three years to plan and then
         | they deliver the equipment and it takes one year to get it all
         | working."
         | 
         | ..."it took 19 days to get Colossus from hardware installation
         | to beginning training, the fastest by far anyone's been able to
         | do that."
         | 
         | https://www.businessinsider.com/jensen-huang-elon-musk-super...
         | 
         | Regarding on site generators. Meta, OpenAI (Microsoft/Oracle)
         | and others are also using on-site gas turbines, generators, and
         | "behind-the-meter" power plants to keep up with the power
         | demand. This has become an industry-wide strategy driven by
         | grid constraints, with natural gas as a fast-deploy option.
         | 
         | It would be great if the grids could keep up with demand, if
         | other options would be considered capable of producing the
         | ongoing demands (ie. more renewable, nuclear, etc) but they're
         | not, and companies are not going to just wait because then
         | they're as good as done.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | Yeah, maybe the thing xAI gets is perfect is the enemy of
           | good (enough).
        
           | pants2 wrote:
           | Colossus took an old manufacturing plant where they made
           | rangetops and stoves and turned it into a functioning
           | 100,000-GPU datacenter in 122 days. That's a truly insane
           | turnaround time!
        
       | noobcoder wrote:
       | Makes sense, instead of competing in the never ending race of
       | frontier models they go for a different layer which these models
       | can run on
        
       | exabrial wrote:
       | I'm so confused by conflicting headlines and studies. One set
       | says gpus sit idle most of the time, then there are apparent
       | capacity problems with Anthropic. So what's the deal?
        
       | throwawaypath wrote:
       | Sounds like a sound strategy to actually profit in during the AI
       | craze, no?
        
         | hsgwveeheu wrote:
         | If it is a craze then no. You want to sell shovels, not buy
         | overpriced land during a gold rush.
         | 
         | That said details matter. Can the DCs be reused for other in-
         | demand things?
        
       | chopete3 wrote:
       | xAI sells AI services. Not sure why the author chose to link xAI
       | to the compute rental part.
       | 
       | The compute rental is driven by SpaceX AI likely driven by SpaceX
       | side of the business.
       | 
       | It is not xAI.
        
       | epsteingpt wrote:
       | I don't think this is good news for the AI industry.
       | 
       | If they can't build enough capacity where their best option (and
       | they're signing multi-BILLION dollar contracts) is an unproven
       | 'datacenter in space' technology, we are toast.
       | 
       | - near term costs will go up (demand is greater than supply) -
       | tokens shift from all you can eat (TOKENMAXXX) to ROI-driven -
       | engineers with real orchestration skills rule and shift to lower
       | cost optimization (deep seek) - Frontier AI unit economics
       | collapse
        
       | blindriver wrote:
       | There is a lawsuit against xAI about those datacenters. They have
       | a strong case that Musk is clearly flouting environmental laws.
       | If they are able to get a preliminary injunction against the
       | datacenters, then they are dead in the water. That's the only
       | reason why they build them so quickly.
        
       | mrcwinn wrote:
       | Elon is controversial, and I know the popular mood is to dunk on
       | this IPO, but in the end he gets a lot right. I think it's very
       | likely the Tesla deal happens, and I further thing that
       | regardless what Google and Anthropic do long-term -- SpaceX/Tesla
       | will likely have an awful lot of Optimus robots, and those robots
       | will need an awful lot of compute. I'd be very surprised if Elon
       | lets some frontier lab be the intelligence layer of his robotics
       | stack when he has all the raw materials himself. And in fact,
       | rather than introduce model COGS, he will have had the frontier
       | labs paid for all the CapEx he'll need to run robotic inference
       | using his own models.
       | 
       | Pretty smart if that's what happens.
        
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