[HN Gopher] How much of Thermo Fisher's antibody data has been m...
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       How much of Thermo Fisher's antibody data has been manipulated?
        
       Author : mhrmsn
       Score  : 418 points
       Date   : 2026-06-08 06:56 UTC (22 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (reeserichardson.blog)
 (TXT) w3m dump (reeserichardson.blog)
        
       | DonsDiscountGas wrote:
       | Concerning but not really surprising. They offer about hundred
       | thousand antibodies, a few hundred frauds is likely the tip of
       | the iceberg.
       | 
       | > "Similar image" searches using Google Lens, Bing Images or
       | DuckDuckGo betray hundreds more that we have yet to document
       | 
       | In my experience these would return any image of an antibody
       | (edit) Western blot, not just the exactly matching background.
       | Would be curious to hear others thoughts.
        
         | Amorymeltzer wrote:
         | Without engaging in your point, small nitpick: These are images
         | of Western blots[1], not PCR.
         | 
         | 1: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_blot
        
         | boxed wrote:
         | From the comments on the article by the author it looks more
         | like 10% _so far_ and they haven 't systematically looked. That
         | means ~10% if a probable floor of how much fraud there is.
        
           | sgc wrote:
           | Not according to the complete comment:
           | More like 10%, but my search has not been systematic. I am
           | mostly looking where I know I will find image issues based on
           | image filenames and "Find Similar Images" searches.
           | 
           | They are clearly saying they think this is likely above
           | average.
        
       | noodlesUK wrote:
       | Exactly what is the "data" that's being shown here? Is it
       | essentially some kind of marketing material showing "this sort of
       | thing is what you should expect to see" or is it actually _data_
       | or for compliance? If it 's essentially marketing material or an
       | instructional example that isn't meant to be representative it
       | being magically clearer than real life doesn't seem like a great
       | sin (unless it's being claimed it is representative). If it's
       | something to be relied upon for compliance or as data to be used,
       | that's pretty damming.
        
         | voidUpdate wrote:
         | > "This image is supposed to demonstrate that the antibody
         | being sold works as intended. It is labeled as "Advanced
         | Verification" data on Thermo Fisher's site"
         | 
         | (links to https://www.thermofisher.com/uk/en/home/life-
         | science/antibod...)
         | 
         | I think it is technically marketing material, but if you have
         | to fabricate your marketing material, that's not a good sign
         | that the material is accurate. If I buy a car based on an
         | advert where it shows the car going at 300 mph, and in real
         | life it maxes out at 30mph, that's misleading advertising and
         | something should be done about it.
         | 
         | Given that "at Thermo Fisher, a single vial containing a 0.1 mL
         | aliquot of antibody solution typically costs 400 to 500 USD",
         | you'd want to have accurate marketing material before buying it
        
           | noodlesUK wrote:
           | It definitely isn't a good look but I'm not entirely sure
           | where this lands on "the line drawing on my IKEA instruction
           | manual doesn't look like the furniture" to "VW diesel
           | emissions report" spectrum. I'd appreciate if any
           | bioscientists in the audience could clear that up a bit.
        
             | flobosg wrote:
             | From the article:
             | 
             | > This image is supposed to demonstrate that the antibody
             | being sold works as intended. (...) Antibodies are near-
             | ubiquitous but notoriously fickle laboratory reagents in
             | biomedical research. For many applications, it is
             | absolutely crucial that the antibodies that you use are
             | selective (i.e., the antibody binds strongly to the target
             | protein) and specific (i.e., the antibody binds to the
             | protein of interest and little else).
             | 
             | Antibodies showing a different picture (Western blot) than
             | what is expected can drastically change the interpretation
             | of the results as well as the conclusion of a study, for
             | example. It may also encourage scientific fraud by authors
             | by forcing them to unknowingly/coincidentally make to a
             | blot image the same (or similar) fraudulent modifications
             | performed by the vendor.
             | 
             | Now I'm curious about how much of the blot photoshopping
             | present in retracted papers can be attributed to these
             | misleading verification data.
        
               | raverbashing wrote:
               | I would be more worried if the blotted area was different
               | (the dark blob) - or if data in a datasheet (something
               | like test specificity, level of detection, etc) was wrong
               | 
               | Now, if while preparing the images they needed to do some
               | editorial choices (or it is well possible a person in the
               | editorial group was told to 'enhance the images' but
               | wasn't aware of the details) because of limitations in
               | doing the experiment then this is probably not a big deal
        
               | bonsai_spool wrote:
               | Do you work in biology?
               | 
               | > would be more worried if the blotted area was different
               | (the dark blob) - or if data in a datasheet (something
               | like test specificity, level of detection, etc) was wrong
               | 
               | These images are provided on the datasheet and form the
               | basis for the level of detection / specificity claims
        
               | flobosg wrote:
               | > I would be more worried if the blotted area was
               | different (the dark blob)
               | 
               | Or if more than one blob is present (i.e. blobs at
               | different molecular weights) for a supposedly selective
               | and specific antibody that should show exactly one blob
               | on the blot.
               | 
               | > Now, if while preparing the images they needed to do
               | some editorial choices
               | 
               | Editorial choices on raw scientific data are a big no-no.
        
               | raverbashing wrote:
               | > Editorial choices on raw scientific data are a big no-
               | no.
               | 
               | I don't think you can find a picture in an article that
               | hasn't been photoshopped in one way or another (which is
               | mostly ok as long as it is not misleading)
               | 
               | Edit: TF's reply is interesting
               | https://www.thermofisher.com/es/es/home/life-
               | science/antibod...
               | 
               | Basically they say they are reviewing the images
        
               | flobosg wrote:
               | Usually, journals require raw, unmodified data to be
               | deposited as supplementary information.
        
               | raverbashing wrote:
               | Yes, as supplementary information
               | 
               | (Also journals are usually more rigorous than marketing
               | material)
        
               | flobosg wrote:
               | > Yes, as supplementary information
               | 
               | Still part of the article.
        
               | codedokode wrote:
               | It is obvious that they edited the images to make blobs
               | look shorter vertically. And in some cases, simply copy-
               | pasted non-existing blobs.
        
             | jhart99 wrote:
             | This is 'used car salesman' levels of fraud on that scale.
             | People rapidly acknowledge these antibodies work or they
             | don't. There are websites with reviews of them. However in
             | addition to getting ripped off for a few hundred bucks,
             | these antibodies are generally produced by immunizing
             | animals and by faking this data they are unnecessarily
             | increasing the discomfort to these animals for a fraudulent
             | reason. Look up the Santa Cruz antibody scandal for more of
             | that.
        
               | M95D wrote:
               | Monoclonal antibodies _can 't_ be produced by animals.
        
               | morvita wrote:
               | Antibodies on this scale are not _produced_ by animals.
               | The way these things work is an antibody that binds to a
               | specific target will be _discovered_ by immunizing
               | animals and then screening it's blood or lymph nodes for
               | antibodies of interest. Once an antibody is found and
               | commercialized, it is produced in large bioreactors of
               | cell cultures engineered to produce large amounts of a
               | particular protein (in this case the antibody).
               | 
               | Source: work as a software dev at a company developing
               | antibody drugs
        
               | xyzzy99 wrote:
               | It's worse than this -- it's often very difficult
               | (expensive, time consuming, etc) to generate the sample
               | being run on the gel, the impact of using a bad or
               | misrepresented antibody are significantly higher than the
               | cost of the antibodies alone.
        
             | JR1427 wrote:
             | Images like this show how specifically the antibody binds
             | to the antigen. Generally, the ideal is to have very
             | specific binding. As such, this type of image (Western
             | blot) would only have single bands in any vertical lane.
             | Any other bands show that the antibody is binding to other
             | molecules.
             | 
             | The evidence of painting out the background is likely
             | someone cleaning up other bands, where the antibody has
             | bound to something other than the intended target. So, they
             | are making out the antibody is better than it actually is.
             | 
             | Copy-pasted bands could be evidence of attempting to make a
             | weak band look stronger, or even adding a band where one
             | didn't exist - potentially the entire blot is fabricated.
             | 
             | Either way, like someone else said, this is like
             | fabricating parts of a data sheet.
             | 
             | It doesn't excuse it, but like someone else said,
             | scientists would never just trust an antibody they bought.
             | They'd do their own tests. Labs will also share notes
             | amongst each other, along the lines of "that antibody is
             | bad, and also strongly binds XYZ. You should try this other
             | one instead".
        
               | JR1427 wrote:
               | (forgot to say I'm a former post-doc in Cell Biology)
        
               | warumdarum wrote:
               | The closest we all will ever get to getting meta meta
               | answers on HN.
        
         | eig wrote:
         | I'd treat this about the same as datasheets for mechanical or
         | electrical parts.
         | 
         | When I buy an electronic component as a regular consumer I
         | expect the datasheet "typical" values to be accurate 90% of the
         | time. I can imagine larger industrial customers would really
         | raise a stink if it's worse than that. However, any critical
         | components in my circuit must be verified and "binned", and
         | that's on me.
        
           | mbreese wrote:
           | This is the thing. Yes, the marketing material is bad. But,
           | no one in lab trusts an antibody just because of where you
           | bought it. A new antibody always gets tested and validated
           | before use.
           | 
           | That is to say, this looks bad for Thermo Fisher. But, that's
           | as far as the damage should go.
        
             | H8crilA wrote:
             | Why would you even generate fake pictures of this type?
             | Don't you already have real ones? I mean, it's actually
             | more work, unless you don't have the real ones.
        
               | mbreese wrote:
               | I'm not going to defend Fisher here. It was a stupid
               | thing for someone to do.
               | 
               | But unless you're in the field, you won't realize exactly
               | how big ThermoFisher actually is. They are the major
               | supplier of _everything_ for molecular biology work. From
               | freezers (the Thermo part) to plates and pipettes
               | (Fisher) to enzymes and antibodies. In many ways they are
               | like Amazon. They sell everything. Some of it from
               | outside companies, but a good deal of sales are from in-
               | house brands. They could use their position as a reseller
               | to know which products sell the best and with the highest
               | margins.
               | 
               | In a company of this size, it's easy to have one group
               | feel pressure and cheat on running the gels to confirm
               | results. Particularly when the real results are ambiguous
               | or dodgy. It's not a good look, but I doubt it will put a
               | dent in people from buying things (non-antibodies) from
               | them.
        
           | swader999 wrote:
           | Would it be the same idea as an x ray of a critically welded
           | part?
        
         | DoctorOetker wrote:
         | It is intentional fabrication: it requires a lot more brain
         | cycles to surreptitiously produce false data, it would
         | literally be less work to Prepare the Western blots and scan
         | them. Its the stuff they sell, so they have ready access to the
         | products and would be much easier and cost-effective to simply
         | perform (if it worked). Only if the product is known not to
         | perform as specified is there a profit incentive for
         | fabricating such "evidence".
         | 
         | It's more than just false advertising, it's criminal negligence
         | wasting research attention, research time (repeating
         | experiments to understand whats not working), naive nameplate
         | quotations in the scientific literature also corrupts the
         | scientific record (the author knows they are simply restating
         | the nameplate specifications, but the reader may confuse it as
         | a claim by the author).
         | 
         | Wondering if its sort of OK because it might just be marketing
         | material, think of how the tobacco and other lobbies manipulate
         | the scientific record. I mean technically it is marketing
         | material... if one cynically views the scientific record as a
         | poster wall where the highest bidder is allowed to plaster
         | their spam all over the place.
        
         | persedes wrote:
         | Doing a western blot right takes a bit of practice and there
         | are a couple failure modes you need to watch out for. Stuff
         | like background "noise", smears, drifts can make it hard to get
         | binary decision out of your experiment. E.g. antibodies are
         | usually very very specific, but they can have impurities,
         | unspecific bindings to other proteins etc which make
         | interpretation harder. If they remove these from the advertised
         | images you'll have a hard time comparing your own results to
         | them. ESPECIALLY if they remove whole bands from the gel
         | picture, which imho should be very much verboten.
         | 
         | Typically these catalogues have some numbers with regards to
         | the antibodies binding affinity / impurities so you can have a
         | general idea of what to expect, but having a clean image might
         | mislead you into thinking that you did something wrong in your
         | own setup. Seeing how wide spread it is, it's easy to imagine
         | that their own lab is not run very "cleanly" and they have
         | antibody contaminations in their gels, or issues with their own
         | protocol that they're trying to edit out. Doubt that's the
         | case, but it's really not a good look.
        
         | jryb wrote:
         | When you're deciding which antibodies to buy you'll look at
         | these figures to get a sense of their quality. Antibodies
         | aren't perfect and might bind proteins unrelated to the one you
         | want to study. Depending on your application, some off-target
         | binding might be acceptable, but usually it's not. Also, they
         | might just be completely nonfunctional and bind nothing
         | (perhaps due to missteps during manufacturing).
         | 
         | So what this fraud does is convince you to give these
         | antibodies a chance when you otherwise wouldn't have. You
         | should validate them yourself and show they only bind your
         | target before doing an experiment, but now you're just wasting
         | time and money evaluating something that's guaranteed to fail.
         | 
         | Antibodies are notoriously unreliable, so you might have to
         | give two or three vendors a try before you get one that works.
         | Now I'm starting to wonder how much of that reputation is due
         | to fraud and not just nature.
        
       | arcade79 wrote:
       | I have no idea about this catalogue, however, looking at the
       | article and how the image manipulation has happened - it looks
       | very much like "repro" work back in the day.
       | 
       | Anything that large companies published in/as magazines, etc,
       | back in the 80/90s first went to a design company. Then to a
       | repro company for the "finishing touches" to make it look nice.
       | Faces were touched up, photo artifacts was removed, everything
       | was to look neat and tidy.
       | 
       | This looks so much like that. I wouldn't be surprised if Thermo
       | Fisher still ran _everything that is to be published_ through a
       | marketing /repro cycle, who has tampered with this without
       | realizing what it looks like.
       | 
       | It'll be interesting to see if any actual data has been changed,
       | or just the presentation of the data.
        
         | pu_pe wrote:
         | No marketing or design company would duplicate a band from
         | another experiment (taking care to rotate it to make it look
         | different nonetheless). Even in that unlikely scenario, Thermo
         | Fisher is still responsible for the scientific data they
         | publish.
        
         | rcxdude wrote:
         | The background painting could maybe be explained like this
         | (depending on what was hidden), but I don't think the
         | duplicated blobs have a good explanation, especially because
         | some were rotated to try to hide the manipulation.
        
         | codedokode wrote:
         | I disagree. If you look at the photos the painting used to make
         | black blobs shorter. As I understand, black blob vertical
         | position is the weight of a molecule, and they want to hide the
         | fact that there are heavier or lighter molecules. So originally
         | there was a long blob, and they made it look shorter.
        
         | 20k wrote:
         | In some of the experiments, the same random noise background
         | exists with different black blobs superimposed at where you
         | expect the correct value to be. Ie they took a fixed realistic-
         | ish looking background, and drew in the 'correct' values
         | 
         | Its hard to argue that that isn't fraud as a result. It isn't
         | touching up existing data, its fully fabricating data
        
       | pu_pe wrote:
       | This is systematic fraud, and anyone trying those antibodies with
       | falsified data will waste money and time. A lot of papers have
       | been retracted for similar issues. Thermo Fisher is a major
       | worldwide supplier of antibodies, so this has quite a big
       | practical impact.
        
         | SubiculumCode wrote:
         | 1. Obviously unethical and fraudulent behavior.
         | 
         | 2. It should be determined whether the fraud was just the
         | display image (imagine a sales manager making a bad call when
         | images are not available) or involved the underlying research
         | (more systemic and worrying).
         | 
         | 3. It would be interesting to examine occurrence of faked
         | images along with apparent unreliability/irreproducibility of
         | research that has used those products.
        
           | gopher_space wrote:
           | There aren't any display images in science.
           | 
           | Manipulating images for presentation is an automated process
           | unless you're ripping someone off. The changes would be
           | _uniform_ across whole sets.
           | 
           | The problem with trying to pass off a fake image is that you
           | need to be more knowledgeable in each dimension of the effort
           | than the recipients are in just one. If anyone remembers the
           | folks identifying East German video from background hum it's
           | kind of like that.
        
           | adampunk wrote:
           | "a sales manager making a bad call when images are not
           | available"
           | 
           | It seems nearly impossible to imagine that to be the case.
           | I'd have to disregard the kinds of manipulation entirely.
           | What sales manager would create a whole western block
           | sequence by copying, rotating, and flipping a single element?
        
             | SubiculumCode wrote:
             | Someone else here mentioned proofers, people that prepare
             | marketing materials, as a potential source. I am in no way
             | defending Thermo here. I just meant that the extend of the
             | fraud needs to be determined, from some non-scientist
             | making a decision for short term profits, frustrated that
             | no one saved the picture, or because the pictures showed
             | how ugly the western blots actually are, versus wholesale
             | fabrication of the research from the bottom up.
        
               | 12_throw_away wrote:
               | > people that prepare marketing materials, as a potential
               | source
               | 
               | Scientific advertising and marketing is a small,
               | specialized field, done by people with fairly solid
               | technical backgrounds (we produce a whole lot of advanced
               | STEM degrees, there's plenty of folks available with this
               | sort of background).
               | 
               | So I just want to be crystal, crystal clear here: there's
               | _no way in hell_ anyone involved in this pipeline should
               | have any confusion as to whether  "improving" gel
               | photographs by painting out details and/or copying and
               | pasting blots is fraud. "Proofer" or not.
        
       | eig wrote:
       | The only reason I think biotech companies are not yet raising
       | hell (and invoking the False Claims Act) is that Thermo Fisher's
       | antibodies are already known to be notoriously bad, and everyone
       | serious seems to have to validate everything themselves.
        
       | chromatin wrote:
       | We noticed this years ago when looking at -- IIRC -- ikaros
       | antibodies. They were clearly faked. Lacking any sort of platform
       | to gain attention we moved on to Abcam and our lab just sort of
       | maintained a mental map of who not to purchase ANYTHING immuno-
       | from.
        
       | LastTrain wrote:
       | Have the samples found so far, in general, been edited in a way
       | to increase value or potential sales volume? Or are they just
       | more pretty?
        
         | BoredPositron wrote:
         | Some are just completely fabricated so it's hard to say if they
         | have equivalent uglier images with real data...
        
         | Faaak wrote:
         | More pretty, which would signify that the sample has less
         | impurities -> better value
        
       | voidUpdate wrote:
       | Someone call bobbybroccoli, they've got a new video to make :P
        
       | 0-_-0 wrote:
       | And this is just fraud that was done with incompetence, so easily
       | caught. How much is done competently?
        
       | cing wrote:
       | There have been efforts to standardize antibody reagent testing
       | that are sorely underfunded/undervalued, https://ycharos.com/
       | (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41596-024-01095-8)
        
       | fp64 wrote:
       | My most generous interpretation would be: the marketing/website
       | team didn't get the pictures in time from the respective teams,
       | so without much thinking they edited some. Like those print-on-
       | demand t-shirt websites that don't have real models wearing the
       | real shirts but crappy photoshop composites.
        
       | meindnoch wrote:
       | What would happen if I drank these antibodies?
        
         | wizzwizz4 wrote:
         | Probably not very much, same as if you ate agar, grass, a
         | pencil eraser (rubber), or candle wax. But why would you?
        
         | antonvs wrote:
         | You'd become a new character in the MCU: ImmuneMan
        
         | analog31 wrote:
         | An antibody is a protein. The acid in your stomach will break
         | down the molecules into their constituent amino acids, which
         | would be absorbed into your bloodstream. The chance that the
         | antibody would have any biological effect before being broken
         | down is slim. Still there are other reasons for not drinking it
         | such as whatever else is in the solution such as preservatives
         | etc.
        
           | meindnoch wrote:
           | What if I injected it?
        
             | analog31 wrote:
             | Your insurance will probably deny it, and you'll get a
             | bill. ;-)
             | 
             | My guess is possibly not much, but it could vary greatly
             | from one antibody to another. If the antibody isn't
             | specific to any human protein, then it'll probably end up
             | in your pee eventually. On the other hand, there are
             | therapeutic proteins that are given by injection, so I
             | could hardly suggest that it's intrinsically safe. And
             | antibodies made for medicinal research stand a good chance
             | of existing because of possible human interaction.
        
       | biofox wrote:
       | Holy shmoly... I'm a biologist who has used Thermo antibodies
       | before, and this is seriously disappointing to see.
        
       | mklyachman wrote:
       | Reminds me a lot of the Schon scandal. TLDR is (now-obviously-a-
       | fraud) generational physicist kept publishing breathtaking work
       | about semiconductors, was caught because two of his error
       | distributions were identical
        
       | shevy-java wrote:
       | Quite shameful of Thermo Fisher. Therapies are based on accuracy.
       | Did they damage people by lying to them?
       | 
       | Also, how many other scientists just bought into that and used
       | this for their own "analysis"?
        
       | vikramkr wrote:
       | https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/life-science/antibod...
       | 
       | > Moving forward, where an original image is not present or
       | available, the Company will ensure that website users are
       | informed that antibody images may have been optimized for
       | presentation and clarity on the website.
       | 
       | wut. Bro if you don't have an original valiation image then the
       | answer is not to say "oh we'll make sure we communicate that
       | we're making up a random image" - it's to say you don't have the
       | damn image. It's validation data wtf. It's not a pretty
       | background image it's validation data if you don't have the data
       | wtf are you "optimizing for presentation?" This faq is unreal -
       | pure CYA except by someone who doesn't seem to know what they're
       | trying to cover. If you've got cut and pasted/rotated bands
       | that's just fake data. Not "optimized for presentation."
       | 
       | Yes labs should and usually do always validate new antibodies as
       | well. It's a waste of time and taxpayer money for them to spend
       | their time on bad antibodies they purchased based on fake
       | validation data. And just fundamentally - don't make up
       | validation data. If it's not there it's not there. What are you
       | optimizing for presentation if there's no original!? What does
       | that say about the rest of your process?
        
         | doctorpangloss wrote:
         | > 6. Did Thermo Fisher manipulate or fabricate antibody data?
         | 
         | > No.
         | 
         | Listen to these guys. What assholes.
        
       | atlas1j wrote:
       | My first, second, and third instinct here is to say this is
       | pretty obvious and sloppy fraud. But it did remind me of the
       | famous case discovered by David Kriesel where Xerox scanners
       | changed documents in surprising ways. The caption on the YouTube
       | video linked here is entertainingly accurate.
       | 
       | https://www.dkriesel.com/en/blog/2013/0802_xerox-workcentres...
       | 
       | "On the scale of things too horrible to contemplate, "document-
       | altering scanner" is right up there with "flesh-eating bacteria".
       | Since 2006, Xerox scancopiers literally are making stuff up.
       | They, for example, replace digits with others in scans. The
       | replacement digits are layouted perfectly into the page, so the
       | errors are hard to see. Sounds unbelievably insidious, but it's
       | true. Drug prescriptions, construction plans, just anything can
       | be affected. "
        
         | CodesInChaos wrote:
         | And now practically every phone camera "enhances" the image via
         | AI that might invent details. Most famously Samsung adding
         | details to photos of the moon.
        
           | Terr_ wrote:
           | I'm scared that the "AI" marketing will make it much harder
           | convincing non-technical coworkers and execs that "garbage
           | in, garbage out" is a real concept, that not all "data" is
           | good, and that our systems need to keep track of which kind
           | is going where.
           | 
           | "All data is useful, the more the better! Just put it all
           | into the AI and it'll sort it out."
        
           | rootusrootus wrote:
           | Is this really pervasive? E.g. To my knowledge the "AI"
           | enhancement that iPhones do automatically is limited to the
           | usual sorts of post-processing for contrast, color, etc.
           | There is an AI editing mode that leans more into generative
           | fill capability that would be analogous to the Samsung
           | incident but I don't think it's happening automatically to
           | every photo you take.
        
             | FuriouslyAdrift wrote:
             | I still remember Samsung faking images when using digital
             | zoom...
             | 
             | https://www.theverge.com/2023/3/13/23637401/samsung-fake-
             | moo...
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | Yes, I believe that is what the person I replied to was
               | referring to specifically.
        
         | refulgentis wrote:
         | Nice! Just because you're the top comment, I feel it is helpful
         | to quick readers to point out that it has 0 to do with what
         | happened here. :)
        
         | Scoundreller wrote:
         | > They, for example, replace digits with others in scans. The
         | replacement digits are layouted perfectly into the page, so the
         | errors are hard to see.
         | 
         | I dealt with this where our fax number had a 6 in it and it
         | would sometimes get changed into an 8, which happened to be a
         | valid fax number for another company, ugh. And this was
         | confidential info too...
         | 
         | Always a funny phone call when they insist they sent it to the
         | number on the cover page we sent and then they send us a copy
         | and xerox made it wrong.
        
         | kaladin-jasnah wrote:
         | > They, for example, replace digits with others in scans. The
         | replacement digits are layouted perfectly into the page, so the
         | errors are hard to see.
         | 
         | Is this with JBIG2? I remember reading about JBIG2 also used in
         | the FORCEDENTRY zero click exploit that which was (?) used in
         | the Pegasus spyware. Unrelated tidbit, I guess.
        
           | LorenPechtel wrote:
           | The Xerox problem was with image compression. The compressor
           | would look at an incoming block, decide it was similar enough
           | to one already noted and reuse the existing token. With small
           | fonts and similar characters one difference was within the
           | tolerance and after seeing something like 888 it could then
           | decide 8B8 was the same thing. As it could only happen when
           | things lined up perfectly the alterations would also be lined
           | up perfectly.
        
             | twbarr wrote:
             | Yes, this algorithm is called JBIG2.
        
           | vessenes wrote:
           | Yes.
        
       | FL33TW00D wrote:
       | The guy who uncovered this, Sholto David, is basically just
       | awesome?
       | 
       | Watch him cycle from Wales -> China in 90 days:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MdgHZPfivVA
       | 
       | This isn't his first fraud rodeo either. For his discovery of
       | serious fraud by the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in 2024, he
       | received $2.6 million.
       | 
       | Be more like Sholto, exercise your free will!
        
         | morley wrote:
         | I didn't realize whistleblowers could recover part of fraud
         | settlements:
         | 
         | > The civil settlement includes the resolution of claims
         | brought under the qui tam or whistleblower provisions of the
         | False Claims Act by Sholto David. Under those provisions, a
         | private party can file an action on behalf of the United States
         | and receive a portion of any recovery. David will receive
         | $2,625,000 under today's settlement.
         | 
         | https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/dana-farber-cancer-institute-...
        
           | stevehawk wrote:
           | https://www.nbcnews.com/news/investigations/marine-sarah-
           | fei...
           | 
           | $40m for this person in the US
        
             | stronglikedan wrote:
             | worth it for a lifetime of looking over your shoulder?
             | maybe...
        
               | 0cf8612b2e1e wrote:
               | If you believe the conspiracy theories, that Boeing
               | whistleblower "took his own life" before testimony and
               | any potential payout.
        
           | helsinkiandrew wrote:
           | Short sellers have become the biggest SEC whistleblowers if
           | they discover suspected fraud - it's a more lucrative and
           | less risky than shorting:
           | 
           | https://www.institutionalinvestor.com/article/2d7d14lmtfwc1e.
           | ..
        
           | IIAOPSW wrote:
           | Gather round kids and grab your muskets. The Qui Tam Clan
           | ain't nuthin to fuk wit.
        
         | d--b wrote:
         | Are you sure?
         | 
         | Did he donate the money away? In the video you sent, he seems
         | quite anxious about his nightly budget.
         | 
         | EDIT: ah it seems his trip was before that
        
       | stivatron wrote:
       | Western Blot is a hideous technique
        
       | feverzsj wrote:
       | It's like 90% biomedicine papers are like this.
        
       | stebunovd wrote:
       | Apparently, the authors of the original paper haven't yet learned
       | to use AI. Their successors, however, will almost certainly do a
       | better job of it.
        
         | mjg59 wrote:
         | What paper? This is about several hundred datasheets.
        
       | airstrike wrote:
       | why isn't their stock tanking
        
       | 0xWTF wrote:
       | I have already forwarded this to a number of senior pathologists
       | and industry leaders. People who are in charge of either
       | developing these things or validating them for clinical use.
       | We'll see what they say. But I suspect a great many of them will
       | actually continue using the implicated products because they
       | passed clinical validation at many institutions. TBD.
        
       | gwerbret wrote:
       | Unfortunately, the equipment and reagent vendors in the very
       | unregulated life sciences/biomedical research world constitute a
       | racket. Serial buyouts over the last 10 - 15 years have led to a
       | ridiculous degree of consolidation -- the sort that wouldn't fly
       | in a regulated industry, or even one in which regulators are
       | paying any attention at all -- so it's now dominated by two
       | players: Merck (through its MilliporeSigma arm), and Thermo
       | Fisher. The existence of this cartel means that they can
       | essentially get away with murder, both from a fraud angle (which
       | is exactly what the Western blot manipulation is) and by fixing
       | prices to whatever degree they please.
       | 
       | Also unfortunately, biomedical scientists are not known for their
       | tendency to collaborate to face a mutual enemy (the mild pushback
       | against the Elsevier/Springer Nature publishing cartel has come
       | less from scientists and more from university systems whose
       | libraries have to foot most of the bills). From their
       | perspective, it's "What am I gonna do? Raise my own antibodies?
       | Start blowing my own glassware?" So they grimace and bear it.
       | 
       | For reference, here's how their workflow for research antibodies
       | goes (and it's been like this for decades):
       | 
       | 1. Produce an antibody the research world needs. Do no QA, that's
       | expensive and unnecessary.
       | 
       | 2. Claim with usually no evidence (and apparently by forging
       | evidence) that the antibody works in certain applications.
       | 
       | 3. Let researchers buy the antibody and do your QA for you. Even
       | if the antibody doesn't work, only a tiny percentage of buyers
       | will go to the effort of getting a refund.
       | 
       | 4. Profit. Keep selling the antibody even when the rare scientist
       | with time on their hands demonstrates beyond doubt that your
       | antibody clearly doesn't work.
       | 
       | 5. When sales start drying up because enough people are catching
       | up to the scam, discontinue the antibody. Give no explanation.
       | 
       | 6. Repeat from 1.
        
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