[HN Gopher] North American English Dialects
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       North American English Dialects
        
       Author : skogstokig
       Score  : 137 points
       Date   : 2026-04-16 03:38 UTC (19 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (aschmann.net)
 (TXT) w3m dump (aschmann.net)
        
       | nielsbot wrote:
       | These are fun relevant videos:
       | 
       | Accent Expert Gives a Tour of U.S. Accents - (Part One) | WIRED
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H1KP4ztKK0A&t=271s
        
       | paganel wrote:
       | This page/project itself is another proof of the cultural
       | significance of YT, one of the very few positive things brought
       | by the Internet post-2010.
        
       | nephihaha wrote:
       | I feel that the Maritimes are somewhat simplified here,
       | especially Newfoundland and Labrador which has some of the most
       | distinctive accents on the continent, at least among older
       | people.
        
         | suddenlybananas wrote:
         | I'd agree completely but this could just be due to logistical
         | constraints of the ANAE, I took a course with Charles Boberg
         | (one of the authors of the ANAE) and he was definitely aware of
         | that, I vaguely recall learning from him that the
         | Newfoundlander accent traditionally doesn't have t/d flapping
         | which is totally unique in North America. Great class, he
         | definitely has an incredible knack for precisely imitating
         | accents.
        
         | walrus01 wrote:
         | It's absolutely oversimplified, someone from a small coastal
         | town in Newfoundland does not sound at all like a person from
         | much of the same area labeled "atlantic canadian" in Nova
         | Scotia, or in larger cities like Fredericton or Moncton in NB.
         | Putting basically all of NB, NS and NF as one large pink blob
         | on the map is a drastic oversimplifiaction.
         | 
         | It also seems that whoever created this kind of gave up when
         | figuring out Canadian speech patterns spanning longitude from
         | east to west. Somebody from Kenora or Dryden or Timmins Ontario
         | does not speak like a person from North Vancouver, BC.
         | Vancouver region English is much closer to general west coast
         | as it's spoken in a big city in WA, OR or California.
        
           | nsavage wrote:
           | I'm from Ontario and its very simplified in my experience as
           | well. Maybe the problem is the sample audio clips they have
           | are all 'posh', its not how most people speak. Two large
           | examples I can think of that even have their own wikipedia
           | pages are the Ottawa Valley Twang
           | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottawa_Valley_English) and the
           | 'Torontomans' (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto_slang).
           | I grew up in Toronto, and the latter isn't just something
           | funny you see on tiktok, people actually talk that way.
        
           | nonameiguess wrote:
           | It's oversimplified for any region whatsoever. You're citing
           | right here what people speak like in big west coast cities
           | but I grew up in California and would have been able to tell
           | apart people who grew up in Anaheim versus San Gabriel Valley
           | versus San Fernando Valley versus West LA, let alone LA
           | versus San Francisco. I couldn't have _explained_ what the
           | difference is but I could have heard it. Everybody will be
           | more attuned to the tiny regional differences of the place
           | they actually come from, but a map like this would be
           | impossible to make if you tried to draw out the boundaries
           | and explanations for 400 million separate regional dialects.
        
         | Steltek wrote:
         | And right next door, the Maine accent is lumped in with Boston.
         | The differences aren't worth correcting anybody unless you're
         | talking about a project like this.
         | 
         | I'm not an expert on accents or anything but I think you can
         | hear it in "dinner". Boston is the typical "R's don't exist"
         | thing. Maine is more like "dinnyah" - your jaw kicks back a
         | bit.
        
           | nephihaha wrote:
           | I am not American but can hear slight differences between
           | Maine and Boston. Urban accents are often different to their
           | hinterland, let alone those with different formative
           | influences.
        
       | shevy-java wrote:
       | Goose language? Or yankee doodels?
       | 
       | I was taught British English. I think America English is in many
       | ways simpler, but my brain is wired to british spelling as well
       | as pronounciation for the most part. Now it depends who has good
       | spoken british english. One of my all-time favourites is Rowan
       | Atkinson, but his english is kind of more theater-trained really;
       | if you compare it to the Monty Python guys for instance. War
       | criminal Tony Blair also has a good spoken english - not that I
       | like the guy or find anything useful he said or did, but british
       | english wins. Or we could go scottish - I don't quite like it as
       | much as british english (Patrick Stewart also has a good
       | intonation, but it's also more theater-trained than "real", per
       | se), but one of the coolest thing ever is Gerard Butler teaching
       | people scottish. What keeps scots apart from English is the
       | language really. (Though, I also have to say, Sean Connery's
       | dialect was nowhere near as funny or entertaining as Gerard's
       | dialect. Guess even in Scotland there are diffferences.)
       | 
       | Irish english sounds more melodic - no wonder they kept on
       | winning Eurovision. Paul David Hewson's voice in his prime is a
       | great example.
       | 
       | I've also found African American english very interesting. One
       | thing that keeps on tripping me up is "asking" versus "axsking".
       | To me only the british pronounciation works, but I hear sooooo
       | many axxing examples on youtube that I concluded that this must
       | be widespread in the USA. I always have to think of an axe when I
       | hear it though.
        
         | DeathArrow wrote:
         | >Now it depends who has good spoken british english.
         | 
         | My favorites are David Attenborough and BBC in general.
        
           | zabzonk wrote:
           | The BBC actually has an official "Pronunciation Unit", which
           | tells people like newsreaders the "proper" way to pronounce
           | words and placenames. Unfortunately, particularly in the
           | latter case they often get it wrong. For example, my late Dad
           | was born in a small West Yorkshire town called Sowerby
           | Bridge, which the unit insists should be said Sourbee Bridge.
           | Everyone, without exception, who lives there knows it is
           | Sorebee Bridge. Writing in to the BBC complaining about this
           | and many other similar errors is a popular hobby.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Pronunciation_Unit
        
             | bitwize wrote:
             | Local pronunciations of place names are often different
             | from what's expected, and whether intended to be such or
             | not, are often used as shibboleths to distinguish locals
             | from outsiders. The examples of Couch Street (/'kutS/) in
             | Portland, Oregon and Tchoupitoulas Street
             | (/,tSap.@.'tu:.l@s/) in New Orleans, Louisiana come to mind
             | in American place names.
        
               | bigfishrunning wrote:
               | Lancaster PA (LANG-KISS-TER) checking in
        
               | devilbunny wrote:
               | Tchoup is just unpronounceable to most outsiders; the
               | shibboleths are the streets that are pronounced very
               | differently from what it would be anywhere else. Like
               | Calliope (rhymes with TALLY-hope) or Burgundy (emphasis
               | on second syllable).
        
               | bitwize wrote:
               | Or Chartres ("Charters") or Melpomene (/'mel.p@.,mi:n/),
               | I get it. My wife has corrected me on quite possibly each
               | and every one of the streets with a locally specific
               | pronunciation.
               | 
               | Ooh, thought of another good place name like that: Quincy
               | (/'kwIn.zi/), Massachusetts! Massachusetts has a fair
               | number of those, owing to its English settlement
               | heritage.
        
               | jjgreen wrote:
               | Fartown?
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fartown%2C_Huddersfield
        
               | bitwize wrote:
               | I wasn't referring to place names that sound like dirty
               | words (as Couch St. sounds like "Cooch"); an uncountable
               | number of Gropecunt Lanes in England would certainly
               | qualify. I was rather referring to place names with
               | counterintuitive pronunciations locals are expected to
               | know, so that outsiders are immediately clocked by
               | pronouncing it wrong. Couch St. definitely qualifies in
               | both categories though.
        
               | zabzonk wrote:
               | In this LLM age, I guess that would be Gas Town :-(
               | 
               | https://steve-yegge.medium.com/welcome-to-gas-
               | town-4f25ee16d...
        
             | bityard wrote:
             | Oh, we have a TON of placenames in Michigan that are
             | pronounced much differently than they are spelled. A lot of
             | these are just Native American and French names/words that
             | most people don't know how to pronounce anyway, but a few
             | are just special for no apparent reason.
             | 
             | Examples:
             | 
             | Orion = "or-ee-un", Ionia = "eye-ON-nee-ah", Charlotte =
             | "shar-lot", Milan = "MILE-an", Saline = "suh-LEEN"
        
         | gtr wrote:
         | Patrick Stewart is from Yorkshire not Scotland, by the way.
        
           | throw0101a wrote:
           | > _Patrick Stewart is from Yorkshire not Scotland, by the
           | way._
           | 
           | I thought the House of Picard was from France...
        
             | bigfishrunning wrote:
             | Acting!
        
         | walthamstow wrote:
         | "Arksing" is also present in Caribbean English and came to
         | London via there. This and other 'incorrect' pronounciations
         | come from slavery-era creole dialects, I think.
         | 
         | I like people who speak a more modern English from my part of
         | London. Check out TV personality Big Narstie or football pundit
         | Clinton Morrison. You'll love 'em.
        
         | gbacon wrote:
         | A fun follow is Scots Word of the Day by Len Pennie.
         | 
         | https://youtube.com/@misspunnypennie
        
       | walrus01 wrote:
       | This has missed the Atlantic Canadian Cape Breton dialect, which
       | if you listen to some age 70+ people who've lived their whole
       | lives in the Sydney, NS area is significantly distinct from
       | Halifax or other areas in the south/southwest of Nova Scotia.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Cape_Breton
        
         | buu709 wrote:
         | Most of Newfoundland being lumped in with the Atlantic
         | Provinces too. For the most part you can tell where on the
         | island someone is from based solely on the accent. Hell, I've
         | lived & worked with people from the south coast and I still
         | have a hard time even understanding them sometimes.
        
         | cmrdporcupine wrote:
         | Yeah, was saying this in my own comment generally, it's
         | extremely weak on Canada generally. Definitely showing his lack
         | of education on the topic.
        
       | Simulacra wrote:
       | I think it would take a mighty sensitive ear to tell the
       | difference between someone who is in Charleston, versus Savannah.
        
         | SamHenryCliff wrote:
         | Nope. Southern Drawl is very distinct from Appalachian
         | Hillbilly. To me it's as clear as Boston versus Long Island.
        
       | walthamstow wrote:
       | A recent series of Alone was won by a guy from Goose Bay,
       | Labrador. To my ear, as a Brit, it just sounds Irish, right down
       | to saying 'tree' for 'three'. I can only imagine that's where the
       | initial settlers were from and the isolation meant it never
       | changed much.
        
         | unsupp0rted wrote:
         | Spoilers! That season/series was a really fun watch.
         | 
         | In previous seasons/series they didn't have the formula down
         | yet, so 2/3rds of the episode were one literally starving
         | person after another, just sighing into a camera about how
         | hungry they are, how cold it is, and how nothing is changing.
         | 
         | Whereas in this one some people did incredibly well, others
         | tapped out after setbacks, illness, or made thinly-veiled
         | excuses about illness (even though they just lost the drive to
         | stay in it). 5/5 would recommend.
        
           | walthamstow wrote:
           | Great show. There were some series which were a bit sad and
           | just became about who was the poorest and most desperate to
           | stick it out for 500k.
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | Being cold, miserable, lonely, wet, dirty, uncomfortable,
             | and hungry for 60 days just seems hellish. And then, as #2,
             | you came away with nothing.
             | 
             | The curious thing is they all claim to be survival experts,
             | but they don't know how to build a proper fireplace (either
             | burning down their shelter or asphyxiating themselves).
             | None of them who used a fish net would take it out of the
             | river during a storm, so it isn't destroyed. And there were
             | always contestants who would spend all their calories
             | building a log cabin, and then starvation would force them
             | out.
        
       | taylorhughes wrote:
       | Reminds me of the awesome (old) New York Times dialect quiz,
       | which was weirdly accurate:
       | https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/upshot/dialect-quiz...
        
         | JKCalhoun wrote:
         | Paywalled, but I am reminded of people who study dialects being
         | able to discern where someone is from using a kind of binary
         | tree approach. In some cases a single word differentiating
         | which side of a specific hill they were born.
        
           | hoppyhoppy2 wrote:
           | You could try this gift link:
           | https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/upshot/dialect-
           | quiz...
        
         | neaden wrote:
         | If you liked that the person who made it wrote a book called
         | Speaking American that I enjoyed:
         | https://bookshop.org/p/books/speaking-american-how-y-all-you...
        
       | 999900000999 wrote:
       | Is anyone archiving these accents ?
       | 
       | As much as I'm happy that kids now have access to YouTube, and
       | thus can use the neutral influencer dialect, something about our
       | culture is being erased.
       | 
       | I grew up speaking both a neutral California accent and bits of
       | AAVE. AAVE itself is drastically different depending on the part
       | of the US you're in. I can barely understand southern AAVE. NYC
       | AAVE is much faster, but I think NYC people think faster in
       | general.
       | 
       | I really do believe YouTube can bring gaps. If your a kid in
       | Albania you can see life though the eyes of someone in Oakland.
       | 
       | And hop on a zoom 30 minutes later to chat. This would be
       | unimaginable 50 years ago.
        
         | roxolotl wrote:
         | They have audio samples if that's what you mean. The ones from
         | where I grew up were spot on but rare even when I was growing
         | up in the 90s.
         | 
         | https://aschmann.net/AmEng/#AudioFilesOfLocalDialects
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | Radio followed by television has done a lot of homogenization
           | even if you don't have the more formalized received
           | pronunciation you had/have in the UK. Even something
           | stereotypical like a "Boston accent" was mostly a Southie
           | accent on the one hand and an essentially English (Boston
           | Brahmin) on the other. Most urbanites in particular never had
           | others and many weren't even from Boston.
        
           | jonahrd wrote:
           | I looked through and found one rejected video from Montreal.
           | It's crazy to me, to reject someone with a French accent.
           | It's how people talk here! Many consider themselves perfectly
           | bilingual and grew up speaking both languages. Even the more
           | Anglo-Quebecois have a very specific vocabulary and accent
           | heavily influenced by French.
        
             | asveikau wrote:
             | I used to visit French speaking Canada when I was in
             | college. I found it interesting to see people who could
             | switch between an Anglo-Canadian accent and a French-
             | Canadian accent, to my ear sounding native at both. This
             | wasn't everyone obviously, but there were people like that.
        
         | thaumasiotes wrote:
         | > And hop on a zoom 30 minutes later to chat. This would be
         | unimaginable 50 years ago.
         | 
         | It was pretty easy to imagine 50 years ago. For example, Star
         | Trek started airing 60 years ago. The Jetsons started airing a
         | few years before that.
        
           | 999900000999 wrote:
           | And it would be basically free and accessible to anyone? Two
           | 50$ cell phones can Zoom using library WiFi across the globe
        
             | Izkata wrote:
             | It was on the way there even before Star Trek: https://en.w
             | ikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_videotelephony#AT&T...
             | 
             | The next one down is a home system on a subscription,
             | though just after Star Trek and expensive at the time.
        
             | neaden wrote:
             | I think the conflict is on the term unimaginable. People
             | back then definitely imagined the equivalent of Zoom and it
             | being free even if they didn't know technically how it
             | could happen.
        
               | 999900000999 wrote:
               | Remember when long distance calling was really expensive.
               | 
               | It was for serious business, not small talk. If you
               | somehow knew Zoom would happen you could have created
               | Zoom and you'd be very rich.
               | 
               | TBF, unimaginable is a strong word. Impractical would be
               | better.
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | Back in the 80s, Zortech was located in London while I
             | lived in the Seattle area. International phone calls were
             | too expensive, so we would communicate by fax. Late at
             | night, sending a fax cost about a dollar a page. (No email
             | then.)
             | 
             | An unanticipated result is I have a record of our
             | conversations, which would have all been lost if it was
             | phone calls.
        
           | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
           | Picturephones were developed in the 30s and demoed at the '64
           | world's fair.
        
           | interloxia wrote:
           | The video call sequence in 2001 from 1968 comes to mind too.
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vWwo6JpMceg
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | > AAVE itself is drastically different depending on the part of
         | the US you're in.
         | 
         | That's because AAVE is a really dumb term that only caught on
         | because a black man (McWhorter) introduced it.
         | 
         | It was a convenient way to advertise your inclusiveness while
         | simultaneously dismissing the way black people speak by lumping
         | them all together (a lot of woke has been insisting that all
         | black people, or even all _non-white_ people are fungible, like
         | commodities.) Even better, you could show that you listen to a
         | black linguist who, iirc, is the son of professors who grew up
         | in a university environment, knowing no more about black
         | language variation than any number of white people.
         | 
         | The way black Americans speak is as varied as the way white
         | Americans speak, and is often far more similar to their white
         | neighbors than to the black people in the next state over.
         | Also, black Americans don't call themselves "African-American"
         | unless they were raised in a white environment. Never have.
        
           | tptacek wrote:
           | This doesn't look like John McWhorter to me. Does it look
           | like McWhorter to you? It looks like Geoffrey Pullum. You
           | know, _that_ Geoffrey Pullum?
           | 
           | https://web.stanford.edu/~zwicky/aave-is-not-se-with-
           | mistake...
        
           | 999900000999 wrote:
           | > and is often far more similar to their white neighbors than
           | to the black people in the next state over
           | 
           | Actually you might be right depending on how integrated the
           | area is:
           | 
           | Exhibit A: Your Old Droog Exhibit B: Lord Sko
           | 
           | As an adult my normal speaking voice is closer to a relaxed
           | California accent. It's clear , but it always leaves room to
           | weasel out of certain situations.
           | 
           | If I could I'd probably use a Mid Atlantic Madmen accent.
           | That accent gets things done.
        
           | Izkata wrote:
           | AAVE is the modern politically correct term for what was
           | already called Ebonics for decades (by black people).
        
           | bityard wrote:
           | > Also, black Americans don't call themselves "African-
           | American" unless they were raised in a white environment.
           | Never have.
           | 
           | I'm guessing you either don't remember or weren't alive in
           | the 1990's. It was a whole grassroots movement and pretending
           | it didn't exist is extremely insensitive, to put it mildly.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Americans#Terminology
        
         | JKCalhoun wrote:
         | Some of the YouTube links are broken or have moved Private. Too
         | bad.
        
         | asveikau wrote:
         | I am the type of person to notice accents a lot, one
         | interesting thing I've noticed is how much NYC AAVE has the
         | vowels of other NYC accents, like the stereotypical "cawfee"
         | vowels. A lot of AAVE across the country sounds kind of like
         | the south to my ear, but NY is one place where the local AAVE
         | has a lot in common with other local accents.
         | 
         | This is even more true if you find old recordings.
        
         | soupfordummies wrote:
         | Check this out if you haven't seen it before:
         | 
         | https://accent.gmu.edu/browse_language.php?function=find&lan...
        
         | flumes_whims_ wrote:
         | Wikitongues is doing this with languages.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/@Wikitongues/videos
        
       | dave4270 wrote:
       | New Orleans drops mic... I'm from River Ridge in the Jefferson
       | Parish suburbs ( within the city area ) and if I meet a stranger
       | somewhere else in the country they, after one or two sentences,
       | usually think I'm from New York. But slipping into one of the
       | many dialects we have here is never far away, depending on who
       | you are conversing with. Only locals will understand, but my wife
       | used to tell me that after 2 sentences my dad and I would start
       | talking like we were "from Kenner" and she couldn't follow the
       | conversation. To non-locals, Kenner is directly next to River
       | Ridge.
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | Yeah, when I lived there, a lot of native New Orleans dialect
         | had a lot in common with Brooklyn to my ears.
         | 
         | Started work there at the same time as a school classmate who
         | grew up in Jacksonville. Spent a lot of time doing engineering
         | work on offshore drilling rigs. Told my friend I really had
         | trouble understanding people a lot of the time. He said he did
         | as well :-)
        
         | selimthegrim wrote:
         | Also a lot of Chalmatians still possess a strongly related 'yat
         | accent. Is there a "River Ridge, brah" joke too?
        
           | dave4270 wrote:
           | No, that would be a union violation. "Kenna, brah" is an
           | institution. And I can't believe I just read "Chalmatians" on
           | HN. Full disclosure, I went to Holy Cross when it was still
           | in the Ninth Ward. Chalmatian has been part of my vocabulary
           | since the 80's. I'm sure every big city has its neighborhoods
           | with individual cultures, but our heavily mixed population
           | combined with insular land masses tend to create very
           | distinct niches that all have the common thread of "The City
           | that Care Forgot".
        
             | selimthegrim wrote:
             | I lived across from where the old Patton's plant used to be
             | until a couple years ago and then I moved to Mid-City.
        
         | brianleb wrote:
         | Ha, grew up in Harahan. When I left the LA for college, people
         | were shocked to find out where I was from based on how I
         | talked. I would hear areas of New England, 'no discernible
         | accent,' and also Canadian. Apparently the Canadian comes out
         | when I say words like out, about, and house. I can't hear it
         | but my friends all swore up and down they could.
         | 
         | There are so many unique dialects hyperlocal to New Orleans,
         | it's amazing.
        
       | chkaloon wrote:
       | Glad to see the special mention of the Mat Su Valley in Alaska.
       | Lived there for 10 years, originally from Wisconsin. And yes, the
       | two are VERY similar. Not the exactly the same, I did notice a
       | difference when I moved back to WI, more nasal. But the Mat Su
       | Valley was populated by Midwestern farmers during the Depression,
       | so it makes sense.
        
       | bluedino wrote:
       | Fred Armisen does a great bit on North American accents
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/G72tZdjnS2A?si=oMaLfGgJAZxaoAHn
        
       | JKCalhoun wrote:
       | My daughter (grew up in California) wondered what the "Kansas
       | accent" was (I grew up in Kansas). I often called it a drawl.
       | 
       | She goes to college in Kansas now and is still confused. Perhaps
       | growing up with me it just sounds "normal".
       | 
       | I'll point her to the band, "The Embarrassment" in various
       | interviews:
       | 
       | [1] https://youtu.be/0gyChDSjrXc
       | 
       | [2] https://youtu.be/kJBDRdDjgWY
        
         | bityard wrote:
         | I grew up in a poor rural part of Michigan. Day to day, you
         | didn't meet many people who lived there by choice so the
         | demographic (and Midwestern accent) was pretty homogenous. In
         | high school, our class had a new kid who moved up from Kansas
         | and to us, he sounded _extremely_ southern. His first week at
         | school was pretty much everybody asking him to say stuff in his
         | funny accent.
        
       | subpixel wrote:
       | Really hard-core, old-school Charleston accent missing:
       | https://youtu.be/rxNZrFyl2DA?si=VV7OWi-fY2m3twIA&t=1835
        
         | canjobear wrote:
         | Charleston is displayed on the map as a "transitional or
         | anomalous area"...
        
         | kyleblarson wrote:
         | A slightly less cultured and different but nonetheless
         | entertaining Carolina accent:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PtQCUrMZWOc
        
       | tralarpa wrote:
       | The title says "dialects" but most comments here are only about
       | accents.
       | 
       | Can people here give examples of non-standard grammar or
       | vocabulary (that goes beyond some temporary slang or subculture
       | words)?
        
         | ludicrousdispla wrote:
         | 'mensch' and 'schmuck' are commonly used words in NYC that are
         | not known to people in the South, unless they have studied
         | German (and yes I had to fight capitalizing them.)
         | 
         | Another example... 'they're all' is shorthand for 'they're all
         | gone' in Pennsylvania.
        
           | lief79 wrote:
           | Never heard that second one, which part of PA? I'm Philly
           | burbs.
        
           | 1-more wrote:
           | schlep too. To a much lesser extent mishegas and tsuris.
           | There's a continuum for knowing Yiddish words where at one
           | end it's "lived in NYC" and then passes through "had
           | playdates with a Jewish friend" through sequentially "have
           | 1/2/3/4 Jewish grandparents." All of these things possible
           | anywhere in the world, but I agree very much an NYC thing.
        
         | 1-more wrote:
         | Biggest two I can think of are
         | 
         | 1) AAVE's use of Copulas. In most English you form present
         | progressive with a copula and the present participle: I am
         | walking, I am driving, I am working. The copula contains no
         | information on its own. In many languages, a low information
         | word is dropped. In Spanish you say "(yo) soy Americano"
         | meaning "(I) am American." There can be no doubt of the subject
         | of the verb "soy" because it is inflected to match the subject,
         | so the pronoun "yo" communicates nothing in a normal sentence
         | and is dropped. In Russian you take the opposite tack: you say
         | "ya Amerikanets" meaning "I (am) American)" so you drop the
         | copula. You either need the pronoun or the verb to communicate
         | who is American, and in this case the pronoun won. Well in AAVE
         | you drop the copula in those present progressive sentences: "I
         | walking," "I driving," "I working." But then there's an
         | opportunity to put a higher information in all of these
         | sentences: you can use "be" as a copula to express the habitual
         | aspect. "I be walking," "I be driving," "I be working" (usually
         | with emphasis on the "be") mean "I am in the habit of X, but
         | don't assume that is what I am doing at this moment." Degrees
         | can be expressed here: you can replace "be" with "stay" to get
         | _more_ habitual and less present. It 's a trip! I'm scratching
         | the surface here but that's a big one.
         | 
         | 2) Related: "Needs" + past participle vs "needs" + present
         | participle. I was working with a handyman from Colorado and he
         | said "This sink needs sealed" or something like that. I
         | (Northeast) would have said "this sink needs sealing." Colorado
         | has always had over 50% of the population born outside of the
         | state, so I don't know if that's a thing from there or from
         | wherever his parents are from (not sure and didn't ask).
        
         | ks2048 wrote:
         | There are lots of minor (and fuzzy usage) of regional
         | vocabulary.
         | 
         | "pop" vs "soda" is a commonly discussed one. (Google to see
         | maps).
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_English_regional_voca...
        
         | engeljohnb wrote:
         | I'm from Indiana. I'm not an expert, but I do travel across the
         | US for work, and here's a few things that are normal to me but
         | weird to others.
         | 
         | "Your car needs washed" instead of "you need to wash your car"
         | 
         | Replying "You're good" after someone apologizes.
         | 
         | Adding an S to the end of brand names, especially grocery
         | stores.
         | 
         | I don't do this one, but my extended family in Ohio just says
         | "please" when they mean "could you repeat that?"
        
           | saltcured wrote:
           | More directly, "Your car needs washed" is "Your car needs [to
           | be] washed" dropping the passive infinitive "to be".
           | 
           | Another very close variant would be "Your car needs washing".
        
       | cmrdporcupine wrote:
       | I've seen this before but I object to the treatment of Canada.
       | 
       | Firstly, there's regional dialects of Canadian English, and I
       | don't just mean Newfoundland vs rest of Canada. The Ottawa Valley
       | for example has some strong dialect markers. There's marked
       | differences between central and southern Alberta (often not
       | noticed by people living there, but there). Between coastal BC
       | and Ontario, etc. etc.
       | 
       | Secondly because in fact the upper midwest of the US is
       | contiguous and overlapping with much of various Canadian dialect
       | markers. In fact many of the things people consider to be
       | stereotypical Canadian are even more pronounced in upper midwest
       | US dialects than they are here.
       | 
       | TLDR he could pay more attention to Canada :-) There's 40m of us
       | after all.
        
       | danielodievich wrote:
       | At Microsoft TechEd in 1997 in Orlando, Florida, Microsoft bought
       | out SeaWorld for the attendee party. I wound up getting really
       | wet from the orca that they used to have there splashing people
       | and met 3 other guys on the bench in same state. We went
       | wandering around laughing and drinking. There was an Australian
       | from NSW, New Zealander from Auckland, a French Canadian out of
       | Ontario, and me, a fresh off the boat immigrant from Russia. I
       | couldn't understand half of what was said! Aussie and kiwi were
       | giving each other lots of good natured ribbing. The canuck was
       | having fun and so was I as we got progressively more silly. One
       | of the best parties at an industry conference I've had. Ahh the
       | joy of dialects!
        
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