[HN Gopher] Is math big or small?
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       Is math big or small?
        
       Author : robinhouston
       Score  : 77 points
       Date   : 2026-04-12 08:25 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (chessapig.github.io)
 (TXT) w3m dump (chessapig.github.io)
        
       | N_Lens wrote:
       | Good article.
       | 
       | Math is smaller than the smallest and bigger than the biggest.
        
         | lioeters wrote:
         | It's also deep, it goes all the way to the bottom.
         | 
         | > The world of mathematics is both broad and deep, and we need
         | birds and frogs working together to explore it. -- Freeman
         | Dyson
        
           | contraposit wrote:
           | Weird Things Happen When Math Gets Too Expressive
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EVwQsvof7Hw
           | 
           | Peano arithmetic is sufficiently expressive enough to be
           | equivalent to any possible future theory of mathematics.
        
             | lioeters wrote:
             | Even before I started the video, I had a feeling it was
             | going to lead to a kind of "introspective" mathematics that
             | can reason about its own reasoning. I was not disappointed,
             | thank you.
             | 
             | Physics, Topology, Logic and Computation: A Rosetta Stone -
             | https://arxiv.org/abs/0903.0340
        
             | gottheUIblues wrote:
             | Err? Peano Arithmetic is provably consistent in ZFC, but it
             | is not in itself (if PA is consistent). Therefore if PA is
             | consistent it is not equivalent to ZFC (regardless of
             | whether ZFC is consistent or not)
        
               | contraposit wrote:
               | I am referring to this slide :
               | https://youtu.be/EVwQsvof7Hw?t=1646
        
       | mkl wrote:
       | > When Illustrating a mathematical idea, the first thing you need
       | to decide is the scale.
       | 
       | I have spent much of my life illustrating mathematical ideas, and
       | scale is _never_ the first thing I decide. Most commonly it stays
       | abstract and there is no scale; it 's flexible and I can zoom in
       | and out at will. Sometimes I will choose a scale partway through
       | or towards the end of an explanation, if I want to use a specific
       | analogy, but I can comfortably rescale it to something else - the
       | scale is never fixed.
       | 
       | Interesting to see such a different view.
        
         | seanhunter wrote:
         | Totally agree. I really enjoyed the article, and the
         | illustrations are really cool but scale is just something I
         | don't even consider. Even the very first question baffled me,
         | when it said "Picture a torus. Is it big or small?"
         | 
         | I answered an unambiguous "yes".
         | 
         | Also, we haven't defined measure yet here have we? What does it
         | even mean for something to have scale without measure?
        
           | mkl wrote:
           | Right, I immediately saw a torus - it was light blue (that's
           | trivial to change, but I can't have no colour if it's visual)
           | - but it could have been the size of a bacterium or the size
           | of a galaxy. Without any context or application, the size is
           | undefined.
        
             | red75prime wrote:
             | When you've mentioned that, I've noticed that by default I
             | imagine just a shape devoid of color and texture. But I can
             | imagine a donut, or a blue torus, but I need to explicitly
             | think the word "blue".
        
           | Pay08 wrote:
           | > Also, we haven't defined measure yet here have we?
           | 
           | Kilograms, obviously.
        
           | Telemakhos wrote:
           | This is one of those places where Plato really is worth
           | reading. Plato has levels of reality that correspond to
           | numbers. The first level, forms (also called "the monad"), is
           | what the statement "Picture a torus" engages: contemplate an
           | ideal torus. That torus won't have a particular color or
           | texture or any accidental quality, just the essence of a
           | torus, which is its shape (because torus is a shape). Size is
           | one of those accidental qualities, and those live in the
           | second level, which Plato calls "the bigger and smaller"--
           | exactly what the question asks you to imagine--or "the dyad."
           | 
           | So, the instructions for Plato boil down to an absurdity:
           | "contemplate the monad; what dyad do you see?" The two
           | sentences should have nothing to do with each other in
           | Platonic terms.
        
         | aledevv wrote:
         | I propose a further and different "key to understanding."
         | 
         | I would add: the second thing to decide, besides the scale, is
         | the _Plan_.
         | 
         | What do we mean, for example, by the "Ethical Plan." By ethical
         | plan, I mean the purpose... _" WHAT do I use mathematics for"_?
         | 
         | Mathematics can be something immensely BIG if I use it for
         | something important. Or it can be miserably SMALL if I use it
         | for something petty and trivial.
         | 
         | In short: even in this case, greatness depends not only on the
         | scale, but also on the eyes of the beholder, on the _Context_
         | in which it is applied, and, why not?, also on the Purpose and
         | the ethical plan.
         | 
         | If mathematics were, for example, something at the service of
         | _Justice_ , it would be something immensely Big.
        
           | eru wrote:
           | It sounds like you ain't a fan of recreational mathematics?
        
         | eggy wrote:
         | I have loved math since I was a child, and I think it depends
         | on when you grew up and how steeped you are in reality vs. the
         | virtual or the computer world, and how much of an abstract vs.
         | concrete thinker you are. I was always making things in
         | modeling clay, that greasy grey-green stuff, and so my scale
         | was what I could make out of one brick of such stuff. I bought
         | my first computer in 1977 (Commodore PET 2001), and the CBM
         | ASCII set had some graphics, but nothing compared with today's
         | graphics. My first encounter with visualization and scale was
         | writing a program to let me know which of the four moons of
         | Jupiter I was seeing in the sky that night. Io, Ganymede,
         | Callisto, and Europa's orbits are almost edge-on to our view
         | from earth, so I made Jupiter a capital O, and the moons were
         | lowercase letters. I printed this out on a thermal printer
         | (like a wide receipt). Cosmos was the rage on TV and I had read
         | Einstein's Universe by Nigel Calder. I had a telescope and a
         | microscope, so the micro and macro were very real to me. I
         | suspect if you grew up on tablets and only built things on a 3D
         | printer scale, you don't have that unbridled sense of the small
         | and large except on very abstract terms. However, not a donut,
         | not a universe-scale torus, but rather a pool donut comes to
         | mind when I first hear torus! I built an XYZ router table in
         | the early 2000s out of old stepper motors. It was 8'x4', and I
         | built stitch-and-glue wooden kayaks from the panels I cut on
         | it. These would wind up being 16 to 22 foot long kayaks to go
         | into the real world and have fun!
        
       | volemo wrote:
       | _Yes._
        
       | fuglede_ wrote:
       | I've always loved this recording of Thurston talking about
       | branched coverings and knot complements using big knots:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKSrBt2kFD4
        
       | lefra wrote:
       | A first-year physics teacher once told the class something that
       | stuck with me (paraphrasing): "Nothing is big or small by itself.
       | I want you to always follow these words with 'compared to ...'".
        
         | cubefox wrote:
         | She: It's not that big.
         | 
         | He: I think we can agree everything below the average between a
         | Planck length and the size of the observable universe is
         | objectively small, and everything above is objectively large.
         | Using the geometric mean, that average is about 0.12 mm.
         | Therefore my penis is actually large.
         | 
         | She: I shouldn't have married a physicist.
        
           | leni536 wrote:
           | Average? So around half the size of the observable universe?
        
             | quietbritishjim wrote:
             | They specified the geometric mean.
             | 
             | The arithmetic mean (what you're thinking of) of 1 and 100
             | is 50.5.
             | 
             | The geometric mean of 1 and 100 is 10. It gives a sense of
             | the average magnitude.
        
               | leni536 wrote:
               | They edited the comment, previously it did not mention
               | geometric mean.
        
               | cubefox wrote:
               | The geometric mean seems to be the natural mean for
               | relative comparisons between lengths, because the mean of
               | (Planck length, observable universe) is clearly very
               | different from the mean of (house, observable universe).
        
           | zahlman wrote:
           | > Using the geometric mean, that average is about 0.12 mm
           | 
           | That's... actually kinda cool to know.
        
         | bo1024 wrote:
         | Sewing machine.
         | 
         | https://xkcd.com/2754/
        
       | cammasmith wrote:
       | It kinda seems like the point of the article was to talk about
       | different mathematical illustrations, not to determine if math
       | was big or small. Even in the article, the conclusion is that
       | it's both. I suspect the only reason for choosing the title is to
       | grab attention (and it worked on me).
       | 
       | Of course, I am extra cynical as a number theorist who can't
       | visualize most of my field. I wrote my doctorate on Siegel
       | modular forms, and I can honestly say I have no way to visualize
       | them any further than numbers on a page.
        
       | krm01 wrote:
       | Doesn't math come down to =
        
       | gweinberg wrote:
       | Obviously a torus is the size of a doughnut.
        
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