[HN Gopher] Maine is about to become the first state to ban majo...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Maine is about to become the first state to ban major new data
       centers
        
       Author : rmason
       Score  : 206 points
       Date   : 2026-04-09 19:48 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.gadgetreview.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.gadgetreview.com)
        
       | shevy-java wrote:
       | Good. But will RAM prices go down again? I don't want to pay 2.5x
       | as much as I did ~2 years ago, for the same piece of hardware ...
        
         | Imustaskforhelp wrote:
         | There are multiple factors at here which have now gone beyond
         | datacenters.
         | 
         | 1. Iran war has made the prices of both helium gas and energy
         | to asian countries higher which is making ram production more
         | expensive.
         | 
         | 2. Samsung workers are in a protest (15 thousand workers)
         | 
         | 3. Jevon's paradox (even after turboquant, we might be just
         | scaling things up in demand perhaps)
         | 
         | 4. Some providers have already signed up/locked up more
         | expensive deals so there is a more baseline of higher
        
           | Dylan16807 wrote:
           | Do you have numbers for helium? Sure I've seen it mentioned,
           | but is it even 1% of production cost right now?
        
       | piker wrote:
       | Such a law illustrates the beauty of federalism. Texas and other
       | states can have them if they want them! Maine has not nearly as
       | much space and much more natural beauty to protect [per square
       | mile], so it can and maybe _should_ have a different set of
       | rules. That 's cool.
        
         | seniorThrowaway wrote:
         | Don't know why people think Texas doesn't have natural beauty.
         | It's a huge state.
        
           | piker wrote:
           | Yeah, sorry that wasn't intended as a slight to Texas. Texas
           | just does have a lot of barren landscape where datacenters
           | wouldn't offend as much. I modified it to make that clear.
           | Also, energy is playing a role here.
        
             | bastardoperator wrote:
             | I've been watching a series on YT that is specifically
             | about rural towns in Texas that are being abandoned or on
             | the brink of total collapse. Much of it has to do with
             | highways and routing around these communities decades ago.
             | I don't know if a datacenter is the answer, but it has to
             | be better then what looks like a post apocalyptic America.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | Reviving Radiator Springs with a datacenter! The plot of
               | Cars 4.
               | 
               | Those small towns are often positioned such that even if
               | you plopped a billion dollar datacenter on top of them,
               | it wouldn't change much, as even with second and third
               | order effects it's adding 100-200 total population.
        
             | ryandrake wrote:
             | Is that really the primary concern about datacenters? Their
             | aesthetics? I thought the major problem with them was that
             | they muscle in on valuable resources like water and
             | electricity, consuming what would otherwise be used by
             | people, and driving the prices up.
        
               | nemomarx wrote:
               | Taking up land is one of the resources they use -
               | consider cutting down trees to clear space for a large
               | one, or the habitats that might have been in that space.
               | That's not really an aesthetic thing.
        
               | jandrewrogers wrote:
               | Data centers use a lot of electricity but negligible
               | water.
        
           | AshleyGrant wrote:
           | Folks have been conditioned to consider the deserts of West
           | Texas, especially the Permian Basin, to be wastelands with no
           | redeeming value.
           | 
           | Personally, while it isn't my favorite landscape or even my
           | favorite desert landscape, I still think it is a landscape
           | with intrinsic value and beauty.
        
             | ZeWaka wrote:
             | Same with swamps and wetlands.
        
           | asadm wrote:
           | yes but they likely won't build datacenters by destroying
           | national parks would they?
        
           | creddit wrote:
           | Because it's Republican, obviously.
        
           | bsimpson wrote:
           | I'm from Nevada, another state that people presume is all
           | desert. (Really, it's all mountains.)
           | 
           | The only part of Texas I've driven is between Austin and S
           | Antonio. It was perhaps the least-beautiful wilderness I've
           | driven through. It really did just feel like desert and
           | billboards - like if Walmart was a highway.
           | 
           | But I also presume Texas marketing itself as a less-regulated
           | alternative (e.g. to California) is why it's easy to imagine
           | Texas wanting infrastructure that Maine might not.
        
             | taormina wrote:
             | Between Austin and San Antonio is so developed that it's
             | considered by many to be a single "metro" area, DFW-style.
             | There's very little not developed directly between the two.
        
               | JuniperMesos wrote:
               | I drove that way in 2024 for the solar eclipse. Some
               | parts of that route struck me as a bit exurb-ish and
               | spread-out, I wouldn't call it a single metro area, but
               | there were definitely people living there. And it was way
               | too green to be called a desert; I've driven through
               | actual deserts in southern CA and nowhere that I saw in
               | that part of Texas was anywhere near that dry (I guess
               | you have to go further west to get to actual Texas
               | desert, which we didn't do on that trip).
        
             | lizknope wrote:
             | Most people never bother to look at a map.
             | 
             | It takes 2 seconds to look at google satellite view of the
             | area and see lots of desert with strips of green
             | 
             | https://maps.app.goo.gl/R8HuWBi66548Jq5BA
             | 
             | Of course you already know this but for everyone else it is
             | called the Basin and Range province. You have desert areas
             | and then a mountain range with much higher elevation with
             | cooler temperatures and more precipitation which means
             | trees and forests and green in color
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basin_and_Range_Province
        
             | seandhi wrote:
             | Ah yes, the vast, undeveloped wilderness of I-35 between
             | Austin and San Antonio. Totally just unoccupied desert.
        
             | blululu wrote:
             | Nevada is a gem. Way too dry but incredibly beautiful with
             | some truly unique features (ancient trees, hot springs,
             | strange minerals, clear dark night skies). Eastern/central
             | Texas is far less interesting.
        
           | CuriouslyC wrote:
           | I've driven through all of Texas twice, and had to spend time
           | in Austin and Houston for work, but never had to live there,
           | so I'd like to think I'm informed without being biased.
           | 
           | Besides the heavily oak covered hill country west of Austin
           | it's pretty much the ugliest landscape in the country. I will
           | admit the west Texas desert is less ugly than the desert of
           | southern Arizona/eastern California, but north/east Texas is
           | the flattest, least interesting part of the Mississippi basin
           | (Nebraska/Kansas/Oklahoma are similarly meh but you don't
           | have the insane humidity).
        
         | Acrobatic_Road wrote:
         | They sure have a right to enact policies that keep them
         | economically & demographically irrelevant.
         | 
         | https://cdn.xcancel.com/pic/orig/638FA4CD35438/media%2FF5jNt...
        
           | bdangubic wrote:
           | Data Centers would have made them sooooooo rich, very silly
           | policies indeed, they'd be swimming in money
        
             | harimau777 wrote:
             | I can't tell if this is sarcasm? On the chance that it
             | isn't, how would that make them rich? The profit from the
             | data centers goes to the owner not to the people in the
             | community or rest of the state.
        
               | Acrobatic_Road wrote:
               | There's this thing called taxes...
        
               | alphager wrote:
               | That are paid (if not avoided) at the location of the
               | owner, not the location of the dc.
               | 
               | Datacenters really aren't that good for the locals. Low
               | property tax, just tens of jobs but very high
               | infrastructure needs.
        
               | bdangubic wrote:
               | I live in Northern VA, the _world capital_ of data
               | centers and can co-sign this. they bring _absolutely
               | nothing_ other than our electric bills have literally
               | doubled in the last 24 or so months
        
               | jmalicki wrote:
               | There aren't taxes on datacenters in Texas. They gain
               | virtually nothing from them!
               | 
               | https://www.texastribune.org/2026/04/08/texas-data-
               | centers-s...
        
             | Acrobatic_Road wrote:
             | It's emblematic of Maine's wider anti-business and anti-
             | growth climate which may explain why the state now has the
             | highest median age in the US and one of the lowest
             | fertility rates of any state.
        
         | pj_mukh wrote:
         | This is a recipe for creating dead retiree states. Just NIMBY
         | everything, NIMBY the power sources[1] [2], then complain about
         | a lack of power so NIMBY any type of new industrial <anything>.
         | 
         | Now do this for housing, new sources of water anything a person
         | younger than 40 would need and you basically get a state full
         | of retirees..and oh would you look at that! [3].
         | 
         | Now the question is, why wouldn't all states eventually do this
         | with the way our population pyramid is looking? It's basically
         | rabid conservation and tragedy of the commons writ large.
         | 
         | [1]: https://www.mainepublic.org/politics/2025-04-08/bill-
         | removin...
         | 
         | [2]: https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/maine-voters-
         | reject-q...
         | 
         | [3]:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territ...
        
       | 9cb14c1ec0 wrote:
       | I live in Maine. Commercial power is crazy expensive. I don't
       | know why you would build an AI datacenter here in the first
       | place. As an obsessive self-hoster, I've researched building one,
       | and there is no universe in which it makes sense. New Hampshire
       | and Massachusetts are so nearby latency-wise.
        
         | dpe82 wrote:
         | Power is not the most expensive part of data center lifetime
         | cost; especially these days when you're filling them with
         | several billion dollars of nvidia chips. It's still an
         | important consideration of course, but not the only one.
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | I don't know if that's really true. Given realistic life
           | cycles of equipment (~10 years, not 3 as commonly believed)
           | the operating power is going to be 75-80% of the TCO, or
           | more.
        
             | jsnell wrote:
             | I don't see how that number could possibly be realistic.
             | 
             | A H100 cost 30k when new, and uses 500W of power.
             | 
             | 500W for a year is about 4500kWh, which at $0.10/kWh is
             | $450/year if run at full utilization (unrealistic).
             | 
             | TCO of an AI data center should be entirely dominated by
             | capex depreciation.
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | As has been repeatedly demonstrated[1], it is the presence of
         | new, large consumers that drives down the cost of bulk power by
         | amortizing the infrastructure investments.
         | 
         | Maine voters are, of course, notorious bozos in this field,
         | having voted in a plebiscite in 2021 to cancel the link to
         | Quebec Hydro, which was already substantially completed.
         | 
         | 1: For example LBNL's latest banger: Factors influencing recent
         | trends in retail electricity prices in the United States,
         | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S104061902...
        
           | nutjob2 wrote:
           | Why on earth did they do that? Linking to a power station you
           | didn't have to build seems like a no brainer. Was the deal
           | that bad?
        
           | rangerelf wrote:
           | Do you have any links to support this? Because the
           | commonality of all arguments _against_ has been that they
           | make water and power crazy expensive for everyone that has to
           | live close to the newly opened datacenters, while the DC
           | operator enjoys subsidized land use tax, water and power.
        
           | jph00 wrote:
           | "already substantially completed" isn't accurate. $450m of
           | the eventual $1.65b cost had been spent at that point - so
           | less than half.
        
             | hatthew wrote:
             | I'd call that substantial
        
               | jeffbee wrote:
               | Indeed, considering the much of the cost in the end
               | consists of carrying costs, litigation, and year-of-
               | expenditure overruns that were caused by the delay.
        
           | unclad5968 wrote:
           | This is so ignorant it hurts. The same exact proposition was
           | voted down in New Hampshire years earlier, because the
           | transmission line goes straight through natural forests, to
           | Massachusetts, and has little to do with the state other than
           | chopping down a bunch of trees. Neither Maine nor New
           | Hampshire have an extra $1 billion to waste on enhancing the
           | grid mainly for the benefit of southern New England states.
           | 
           | Neither Maine nor New Hampshire voters are "bozos" for voting
           | it down. The whole ordeal even prompted Maine voters to
           | establish a new law to stop foreign investors from
           | influencing local referendums because Hydro Quebec spent so
           | much money trying to sway the vote.
        
             | pj_mukh wrote:
             | "Neither Maine nor New Hampshire voters are "bozos" for
             | voting it down. "
             | 
             | I mean yes, that is how the Tragedy of the Commons works.
             | Everyone individually makes the optimal decision for
             | themselves but in effect you've basically hamstrung green
             | sources of energy around the country by being very smart
             | for your own state.
             | 
             | The question is, should you be _allowed_ to this.
        
         | bsimpson wrote:
         | I know little about this region. Why would it be unreasonably
         | more expensive to build on one side of the state line than
         | another?
        
           | culi wrote:
           | They are very dependent on natural gas and they also heavy
           | environmental protections/pollution regulation that makes it
           | hard to build stuff like pipelines and, hence, makes
           | electricity more expensive compared to states with less
           | environmental protections.
        
           | kube-system wrote:
           | I don't know about this particular situation (NH and MA seem
           | to have expensive power as well), but you can have
           | significantly different costs on one side of the line or the
           | other for regulatory reasons. State regulations can affect
           | the cost of business significantly, and electricity is no
           | exception.
        
             | bsimpson wrote:
             | I'm from Nevada. Very aware that California has more
             | regulation (and hence more cost than us), but know little
             | about the regional cost differences between Maine and
             | Massachusetts.
        
             | pj_mukh wrote:
             | Fascinating. First you NIMBY the power, then you cite the
             | power shortages to NIMBY the data centers. Win. Win.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | There's a lot more that contributes to power costs than
               | NIMBYism.
        
         | yxhuvud wrote:
         | Abundant access to a source of cooling can help offset high
         | grid prices. Well places centres can a ton of money that way.
        
           | kube-system wrote:
           | Even in inefficient data centers, cooling is a minority of
           | the power expense. Chasing a few percent of better cooling
           | efficiency at the expense of a few percent more expensive
           | power is a net negative.
           | 
           | Cheap power is much more cost effective than the smaller
           | efficiency bump you get from cold weather -- and you can also
           | get _both_ by locating in the midwest or northwest.
           | Hyperscalers build here for these reasons.
        
       | gib444 wrote:
       | Will a US state get the same kind of criticism a European country
       | gets about push-back against big tech?
       | 
       | Maine will go bankrupt? Maine will turn into a barren backwater?
       | There will be no jobs?
        
         | 9cb14c1ec0 wrote:
         | There are already no jobs, it is already a barren backwater as
         | compared to most other states. Other than the tourism options,
         | Maine doesn't have a lot going.
        
         | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
         | If Maine passes this moratorium, and then starts accusing
         | developers of malicious compliance for cancelling their
         | projects instead of redesigning against the 20 megawatt limit,
         | I'll definitely line up to make fun of them. My sense is that
         | this isn't what's happening, and the Maine legislators
         | understand and intend for this policy to discourage datacenter
         | investment altogether.
        
         | Acrobatic_Road wrote:
         | With low fertility and little reason for anyone to move there
         | the northeast will turn into a barren backwater.
        
         | blululu wrote:
         | If it were a different state maybe but:
         | 
         | >Maine will go bankrupt? No it's a bunch of poor old stock
         | Yankees. They have no money but they are still fiscally
         | solvent. >Maine will turn into a barren backwater? It's already
         | a backwater. The goal is to keep it that way. >There will be no
         | jobs? Unless working as a fisherman for half the year or a
         | bartender for 3 months in the summer is counted as a job then
         | nothing changes.
         | 
         | Maine has always been out of the way and poor. I doubt this
         | bill will change much one way or the other. As per the local
         | idiom: you can't get there from here.
        
       | xnx wrote:
       | Did any major data centers want to locate in Maine, or is this
       | just an empty gesture?
        
         | simlevesque wrote:
         | Empty ? Why call it that? It's proactive.
         | 
         | Also it's naive to think they announce their intention to move
         | somewhere. They try to cover it and never tell a soul until
         | it's a done deal.
        
         | tombert wrote:
         | I think legislation like this is much more about making sure
         | that they're never even considered by the big AI companies.
         | OpenAI and Anthropic, when looking to build a new center, will
         | see that there would be headaches trying to get a datacenter
         | built, so they instead just focus on one of the other 49
         | states.
        
         | culi wrote:
         | I think they're playing it safe. Data centers are at their peak
         | of their hype cycle and it totally makes sense for Maine to
         | place a temporary moratorium (it expires Nov. 2027) on new
         | centers until the industry is a bit more stable
        
       | tacostakohashi wrote:
       | This is a big win for the progressive community.
       | 
       | https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2026/mar/25/datacenters-...
       | 
       | Nice to see some success for their ideas.
        
         | taormina wrote:
         | If they think this is progress, I call that a catastrophic
         | failure. The other party has nearly started WW3, but let's make
         | sure that a state no one wanted a data center in can't have
         | one. Great strides for the progressive community. A single non-
         | win.
        
           | tacostakohashi wrote:
           | The progressive community is not about progress, it's about
           | being progressive.
        
       | chasd00 wrote:
       | Was Maine ever at risk of being overrun with data centers?
       | Regardless, if the ban is what Maine voters want then more power
       | to them.
        
         | smarf wrote:
         | > more power to them
         | 
         | that seems to be the idea!
        
           | rockemsockem wrote:
           | Except that's wrong because greater electricity demand
           | stimulates greater investment and leads to lower prices.
        
             | nemomarx wrote:
             | https://www.consumerreports.org/data-centers/ai-data-
             | centers...
             | 
             | It seems like that has pretty substantial time lag. Maybe
             | require the ai companies to build power plants before
             | they're allowed to build data centers in a certain region?
        
             | dymk wrote:
             | Like how demand for RAM and hard drives drove prices of
             | those down, because of all that greater investment, right?
        
         | culi wrote:
         | It's not a ban. It's a temporary moratorium (on data centers
         | requiring over 20 megawatts) until 2027 to give them time to
         | research and plan for how to do data centers in an
         | environmentally responsible way
         | 
         | > The bill also creates the Maine Data Center Coordination
         | Council, and instructs the council to provide strategic input,
         | facilitate planning considerations and evaluate policy tools to
         | address data center opportunities.
        
       | lbarrow wrote:
       | For people who support this kind of ban, I'd ask if you would
       | support a similar ban on new factories for, say, car parts.
       | 
       | Like data centers, factories use a lot of power -- which drives
       | up electricity bills -- and their construction can have local
       | environmental impacts. Data centers have a reputation for not
       | providing too many local jobs, but modern factories are often
       | highly automated and also don't provide too many local jobs.
       | 
       | If, given all that, you'd support factory construction but not
       | data center construction, I'd be curious as to why.
        
         | km3r wrote:
         | Why not just require factories /data centers invest in
         | solar/wind/renewables to cover their power usage.
         | 
         | Banning is so childish when there is easy solutions.
        
           | swarnie wrote:
           | Imagine the additional space needed to power a scaled DC with
           | solar. I think the number of people opposing the construction
           | would increase when they release its half the county.
           | 
           | But what's an extra 500 acres between friends.
        
             | bloppe wrote:
             | It still makes more sense to directly regulate the thing
             | that actually matters. People don't really care about the
             | presence of a DC in their state. They care about the effect
             | it might have on energy prices and potentially the effect
             | it might have on public land use. You can always regulate
             | the electricity market and public land use directly,
             | instead of regulating the construction of data centers
             | which is more of a second-order effect.
             | 
             | These approaches might very well result in the same
             | outcome: fewer DCs, but it leaves the details up to dynamic
             | market forces.
        
             | butvacuum wrote:
             | Horrifically pessimistic numbers for PV (winter in maine
             | with conversion efficencies half what they are now)...
             | comes out to about a 50x50 mile square of panels to
             | generate the entire USA's power demand from the most recent
             | DOE numbers. Ignore that we can have wind, solar, and
             | crops* in the same area. Turns out, btw, crops don't like
             | high noon beating down on them. As a result we can reduce
             | water usage and get nearly the same crop yield if part of
             | the field is covered with panels- at least according to
             | some studies.
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | That isn't the whole story. At least some of these new
               | datacenters are gigawatt class. That's multiple sq km of
               | solar.
               | 
               | Water usage is also an issue. A continuous 1 gigawatt is
               | enough to boil off 1.3 million liters per hour which over
               | 24 hours equates to very roughly 90k residential users.
               | If it isn't boiled but is instead returned lukewarm it
               | will require many times that amount due to how large the
               | heat of vaporization is. Compare to the entire state of
               | Florida at "only" 23.5 million people.
        
               | butvacuum wrote:
               | did you move the goal post, or erect a new one? either
               | way- residential use is penny ante in terms of water
               | usage. So much so that comparing data center use to
               | residential use without including industrial, commercial,
               | and irrigation can only be in bad faith.
               | 
               | Particularly since usage reports typically present all
               | the numbers in the same chart or grid.
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | The concern is resource usage. Water had been left out,
               | so including it isn't shifting the goalposts given the
               | context.
               | 
               | The comparison was intended for illustrative purposes.
               | Residential usage provides something relatable and is the
               | general standard for these sorts of discussions.
               | 
               | Even comparing to industrial most operations don't use
               | anywhere near as much electricity or water. The new
               | gigawatt class datacenters are in the same ballpark as
               | aluminum smelters, but rather than melting metal they
               | sink all that energy into water.
        
             | donmcronald wrote:
             | > I think the number of people opposing the construction
             | would increase when they release its half the county.
             | 
             | What's the math on that?
             | 
             | It's interesting to see the US mandate ethanol production
             | the way they do, which could be argued to be a farm
             | subsidy, and then balk at the land needed for solar
             | installations.
        
               | hermanzegerman wrote:
               | It's not a If/Or Question. Agrisolar is even beneficial
               | to farmers
        
               | butvacuum wrote:
               | For arguments made in good faith- I think it's humanity's
               | inability to comprehend scale. We can't get the volume of
               | a glass of water right if we change it from tall to wide.
               | Why would we think that terrawatts worth of PV would be a
               | square shorter on a side than most people's daily
               | commute?
        
             | MattSteelblade wrote:
             | A Technology Connections video recently changed my opinion
             | on this. The land required to power the entire U.S. would
             | be less than the farmland we currently use for ethanol
             | production.
        
               | butvacuum wrote:
               | Alec presented it well- but we don't even need to take
               | his word for it.
               | 
               | The Department of Energy has all the data available, so
               | do a dozen different other private and public
               | institutions. It didn't click for me till I ran some
               | napkin math.
        
           | idle_zealot wrote:
           | They had that opportunity, to build up the infrastructure
           | necessary to operate, to build in places where they wouldn't
           | reduce people's quality of life. They chose to do everything
           | they could to squeeze out some extra profit. Requiring good
           | behavior in one specific way wouldn't be sufficient when
           | dealing with such obviously bad actors. They can try again to
           | get the right to build once they've won back the trust of
           | Mainers.
        
           | butvacuum wrote:
           | Because we already do. Its why electricity costs money. In my
           | area big consumers and producers already pay through the nose
           | to tie into the grid.
           | 
           | What we _should_ be asking is where all the money we paid for
           | infrastructure and upkeep went for the last two decades of
           | decreasing power usage.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | That isn't the factories job - that is your utilities job.
        
             | mmmm2 wrote:
             | And when it's the utility's job, who's footing the bill?
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | There are many customers to spread that over in
               | proportion to their usage. This is standard acconting
               | they have been doing for years
        
           | Bratmon wrote:
           | Mainers hate seeing wind and solar plants- they consider them
           | to be a massive eyesore.
           | 
           | The people of Maine won't consider "We'll build something you
           | don't like but we'll offset it by building something else you
           | don't like" as a compromise.
        
             | carefulfungi wrote:
             | Of course Mainers aren't monolithic...
             | 
             | https://www.mainepublic.org/climate/2026-04-07/maine-
             | legisla....
             | 
             | https://www.maine.gov/energy/initiatives/renewable-
             | energy/so...
        
               | Bratmon wrote:
               | Utility solar is VERY different from small-scale solar
               | panels on houses.
               | 
               | And, yes, there are already utility solar and wind plants
               | around. There are also chemical plants, prisons, and
               | garbage dumps. That doesn't mean the people of Maine want
               | to see more of those things.
        
               | cucumber3732842 wrote:
               | This. Utility solar in Maine in 2020-whatever is a lot
               | like the crown's wood lots in Scotland in 1520-whatever.
               | The locals lives aren't made any better by it and some
               | people down south who hate them make bank.
               | 
               | Say what you want about resource extraction, it
               | necessarily leeched far more wealth into local economies.
               | 
               | I personally think it's short sighted but I see why
               | they're not a fan.
        
             | throwaway27448 wrote:
             | > Mainers hate seeing wind and solar plants- they consider
             | them to be a massive eyesore.
             | 
             | I mean, _some_ do... this implies a terrible politician to
             | not address the _material_ concerns of Mainers though.
        
               | Bratmon wrote:
               | Data centers don't really help the material conditions of
               | Mainers though. Here's the net effects of new data
               | centers they'll really see, in material terms:
               | 
               | - A brief boost in construction jobs
               | 
               | - ~0 new jobs in the long term
               | 
               | - Increased electricity prices
               | 
               | - A slight chance of very slightly lower taxes, as data
               | center taxes partially replace taxes on other stuff
               | 
               | It's not like the average Mainer is losing a lot from
               | this decision. There's actually a good chance a data
               | center ban is a net gain for the average Mainer
               | materially, because the change in electricity demand (and
               | thus prices) will outweigh all other effects.
        
           | bornfreddy wrote:
           | Maybe I misunderstood, but isn't that what they did? Here is
           | the max. power you can draw from the grid, feel free to be
           | more efficient or to produce your own electricity.
        
           | culi wrote:
           | The title is misleading. It's not a "ban", just a
           | "moratorium" until November 2027
           | 
           | And your "easy solution" has had a lot of research debunking
           | its efficacy and a lot of holes in it.
           | 
           | https://www.smithschool.ox.ac.uk/news/carbon-offsets-have-
           | fa...
        
             | ainch wrote:
             | Carbon offsets are a sham, but you could just require them
             | to directly pay for the actual energy infrastructure
             | required. If you need 1GW of electricity, develop 1GW of
             | solar.
        
               | irishcoffee wrote:
               | Surely you realize that building the infrastructure and
               | driver of the 1GW provider would be, hopefully, carbon
               | neutral?
        
               | ainch wrote:
               | Sorry, I'm not picking up on the connection - could you
               | expand? Do you think they should also pay for offsets
               | alongside developing energy infrastructure?
        
               | irishcoffee wrote:
               | I guess what I'm asking is how long it takes, soup-to-
               | nuts, for the 1GW installation to be carbon neutral or
               | better? I've read anywhere from 7 months to 25 years.
               | Maybe its dependent on location?
        
           | cmiles74 wrote:
           | You can call it childish if you want, but a lot of people are
           | unhappy with the economy in general and rising costs in
           | particular. Energy costs are a big part of those rising costs
           | and, like it or not, the AI vendors and their data center
           | projects are an easy target.
           | 
           | I don't think it's necessarily a "backlash" to all the hype
           | but the hype certainly made them a target
        
             | antisthenes wrote:
             | Mandating renewables for data centers would have left you
             | with _checks notes_ a shitload of renewables after the AI
             | bubble bursts.
             | 
             | Something that should (with good governance) lower energy
             | costs.
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | If you or Google have a plan to make the federal
               | government stop shutting down renewable projects, we can
               | re-examine the data center question after you carry it
               | out.
        
           | einpoklum wrote:
           | Why? Because:
           | 
           | 1. That renewable energy development is supposed to allow a
           | _reduction_ in fossil fuel consumption, not an increase in
           | wattage used.
           | 
           | 2. That investment should already be happening, not subject
           | to some future plans of some holding company or billionaire
           | investor. Keeping global warming at bay is no longer some
           | kind of future concern; and we've begun to see some initial
           | effects of it in recent years - drouts, fires, various kinds
           | of biosphere degradation etc.
        
           | throwaway27448 wrote:
           | > Why not just require factories /data centers invest in
           | solar/wind/renewables to cover their power usage.
           | 
           | That still doesn't cover making the data centers provide
           | value to the people who live there.
        
           | josefritzishere wrote:
           | I would argue it's childish for data centers operators to act
           | so entitled. This is Maine's decision to make.
        
           | harimau777 wrote:
           | Can we trust them to actually do it? Not to find some
           | loophole? Or to wait until they are established and then
           | lobby to have the requirement removed?
        
         | dakolli wrote:
         | Factories for car parts employ about 1000X more people per
         | square foot than a data center and aren't actively contributing
         | to decreasing the amount of jobs for people in a state.
        
         | dclowd9901 wrote:
         | For people who don't support this kind of ban, I'd ask: What's
         | the alternative? _Requiring_ that states house data centers?
        
           | cloudfudge wrote:
           | In what universe is requiring them the only alternative to
           | banning them? The _actual_ alternative is obvious: _not_
           | banning them.
        
             | xphos wrote:
             | The consequence of saying they cannot choice to not have
             | them. Is saying your requiring them to have them whether or
             | not the people their want them. Its also a temporary
             | moratorium. Maybe the industry should have been more
             | responsible and not pasted so many externalities on to the
             | public sector if they didnt want to face regulations.
             | 
             | I think the highest parent comment basically hasn't engaged
             | in any of the cost benefit analysis just strawman the
             | subject to banning all industry. They are not doing that
             | and allow other manufacturing to exist maybe the data
             | center business should learn from those industries how to
             | conduct themselves
        
               | cloudfudge wrote:
               | > The consequence of saying they cannot choice to not
               | have them. Is saying your requiring them to have them
               | whether or not the people their want them.
               | 
               | Sorry, but this is nonsense. They are currently not
               | banned in Maine, yet they do not have them. There is
               | obviously no requirement to have them.
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | Being against a ban is equivalent to requiring that
               | something be allowed. It might or might not end up
               | happening, but either way it is permitted.
        
           | strongpigeon wrote:
           | Taxing them to account for the externalities they bring.
        
             | rangerelf wrote:
             | This right here is the right take.
        
               | trollbridge wrote:
               | Might have the effect of making it uneconomic, though,
               | and then they wouldn't get built.
        
           | inglor_cz wrote:
           | In free societies, bans should be the last weapon of choice.
           | By default, any activity should be allowed, many of the
           | allowed activies should be regulated and/or taxed, but
           | outright bans should be very well justified.
           | 
           | Otherwise you will end up with a chaotic-authoritarian system
           | banning whatever the current Zeitgeist feels icky about,
           | which in the era of social networks means twenty different
           | things each year.
        
             | petre wrote:
             | It's a free state. Like the Swiss banned minarets in Geneva
             | the Mainers should be allowed to vote to ban datacenters.
             | AI bros can always opt to build their stuff elsewhere, like
             | Texas or Abu Dhabi.
        
               | tt24 wrote:
               | That's not what a free society is.
               | 
               | That's like saying "Mainers should be allowed to ban
               | speech they don't like, and private sex acts they find
               | offensive". Your view of what constitutes freedom is
               | nonsensical.
        
           | chao- wrote:
           | I see no need for a false dichotomy of "require" vs "ban".
           | There aren't laws requiring a state to have lumber mills, or
           | outright banning them. There are many alternatives with a
           | wide spectrum of attributes:
           | 
           | - Limiting the rates of builds allowed (e.g. total area per
           | year, density per area per year).
           | 
           | - Requiring that the companies involved offset their resource
           | usage in any number of ways (could expand this to three
           | paragraphs on its own).
           | 
           | - Placing restrictions on proximity to $THINGS, whether
           | that's residential areas, parks, you name it.
           | 
           | These are just the first three examples that come to mind,
           | and I am confident that people smarter than me could come up
           | with more.
        
         | slabity wrote:
         | > modern factories are often highly automated and also don't
         | provide too many local jobs.
         | 
         | The factories in Maine employ thousands of people. Bath Iron
         | Works alone has over 7k employees.
         | 
         | The Lewiston datacenter that was planned to be built was
         | expected to employ less than 30.
        
           | unicornporn wrote:
           | Was just about to say the same, but without the numbers.
           | Thanks for providing. People aren't stupid and they find (AI)
           | datacenters to be a net minus to their local communities.
        
           | beastman82 wrote:
           | I'm guessing the population of Lewiston would welcome an
           | employer of 30 jobs
        
             | gmm1990 wrote:
             | Not if it drives up energy prices and makes other
             | businesses that employ more people less competitive. Not
             | saying that is the case but it's certainly not a given
        
             | unicornporn wrote:
             | Are you saying that those thirty job will go to people
             | _currently_ living in Lewiston?
             | 
             | If so, thirty jobs are on the plus side. What's on the
             | minus side?
        
               | tejtm wrote:
               | that would translate to three townees for janitors the
               | rest would be durn furiners from away *
               | 
               | * further down east than Lewiston but, there was a time I
               | was the damm foreigner from the big city.
        
             | DrewADesign wrote:
             | So maybe someone can open a new sandwich shop and
             | accomplish the same thing without screwing everybody else
             | in the process. Not only that, Lewiston probably doesn't
             | have a glut of data center talent seeking employment --I
             | wouldn't be surprised to hear that not a single person
             | living in Lewiston when a project like that was approved
             | would be employed there.
        
               | dawnerd wrote:
               | A sandwich shop would also be infinitely more useful to
               | the population.
        
             | john_strinlai wrote:
             | imagine how many other 30-job employers could fit on the
             | same land that the datacenter would take up.
             | 
             | a mcdonalds is probably 1% of the land and employs more
             | than 30 people.
             | 
             | (the # of jobs angle is not the right approach if you are a
             | proponent of new datacenters. there are much stronger
             | arguments to be made)
        
               | andsoitis wrote:
               | > a mcdonalds is probably 1% of the land and employs more
               | than 30 people.
               | 
               | Fast food chains are damaging to human health.
        
               | john_strinlai wrote:
               | neat!
               | 
               | replace "mcdonalds" with "specialty health foods" or
               | "flower shop" or "independent book store" or whatever and
               | my points remains unchanged: job numbers arent an
               | argument in favor of datacenters, they are an argument
               | against them.
        
           | DrewADesign wrote:
           | Bingo. Data centers are a net negative wherever they are.
           | Giant, employ far fewer people than a grocery store after
           | they're built, crank up electricity costs, use tons of water,
           | air pollution if it's self-powered, noise pollution (it's
           | really worth watching Benn Jordan's video on infrasound,)
           | ugly... the only local entities that win are the landowner
           | and the municipality that collects taxes on them. Though I've
           | seen some astonishingly misinformed politicians offering big
           | tax incentives for data centers not realizing that they
           | employ so few people. From what I hear, even much of the
           | construction is done by flown-in contractors with experience
           | doing it elsewhere.
           | 
           | The people that own these data centers have only themselves
           | to blame. They've been obnoxious, at scale, for so long that
           | damn near everybody knows how much they suck, and they're
           | losing their ability to railroad locals into eating their
           | turd sandwiches.
           | 
           | Edit: I know it's gauche to talk about votes here, but this
           | comment trended upward consistently for 45 minutes. In much
           | less than 10 minutes, it collected more than half that amount
           | in downvotes. I'd eat my hat if there wasn't some kind of
           | organized/automated brigading happening here.
           | 
           | Edit again: Now close to 70% gone. Not exactly surprising
           | given the forum, but pretty depressing nonetheless.
        
             | bitexploder wrote:
             | Perhaps they are simply not taxed enough to benefit the
             | community. If the local municipality is bearing a lot of
             | these hidden costs, then perhaps the taxes need to be
             | higher and directed at efforts that mitigate the worst of
             | the problems. Water management solutions, air pollution
             | management. Are there ways to mitigate the noise pollution?
             | It seems like they should be taxed /more/ to help offset
             | the negatives. There is surely a way to mitigate the
             | problems. For example, can the noise pollution be addressed
             | by forcing more green spaces around them, etc?
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | Almost anything can be mitigated at some cost - but it
               | has to be determined what those mitigations are, and then
               | demand them.
               | 
               | Many municipalities are unequipped to deal with a
               | "datacenter" because on paper it is the same as an office
               | building (that draws a lot of power), where it should be
               | treated like an industrial site (rail yard, factory).
        
               | bitexploder wrote:
               | True. There likely needs to be some sort of templating
               | handled by states. Each data center and location will be
               | different and require assessment. This does drive costs
               | up for the data center, but I don't see another fair way
               | to handle it really.
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | They get their own unique third category as unlike
               | industrial sites there's no hazardous chemicals and even
               | the noise pollution is substantially different in nature.
               | 
               | The old datacenters are analogous to office buildings
               | that emit some unusual noise and consume large amounts of
               | electricity.
               | 
               | The new ones (ie gigawatt class) consume enough
               | electricity for ~1 million households and at minimum
               | enough water for 100k households (but possibly many times
               | that).
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | Where does the water _go_ afterwards? Is it evaporated?
               | Sewer?
        
               | trollbridge wrote:
               | Evaporated. Given how the water cycle works, it should be
               | expected it will be precipitated back as rain.
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | I believe evaporative cooling is the norm (thus my
               | "possibly many times that" remark doesn't apply) however
               | theoretically they could provide hot water as a utility
               | or (as you say) just dump it into the sewer. If located
               | next to a river or the ocean they could conceivably
               | dissipate it that way but I'm not aware of any examples.
               | 
               | It's the sort of externality that could be solved with a
               | well placed megaproject. A related question to my mind is
               | why we're building such expensive strategic assets in the
               | open rather than under a mountain.
        
               | DrewADesign wrote:
               | The city making money off of it doesn't make the impact
               | smaller. You can't tax away the air pollution coming from
               | a gas turbine running in a populated area.
        
               | bitexploder wrote:
               | That was my point. It doesn't all have to be taxes. It
               | can also be agreed upon mitigation maintenance. Better
               | filtration on gas turbines, etc. Green spaces to mitigate
               | sound impact. I don't know, I am just wondering if there
               | is a model that can be designed that makes a data center
               | "balance" within its local environment instead of getting
               | the opposite, tax incentives. Right now I agree, they get
               | to socialize the costs and reap the benefits of building
               | data centers to a large extent.
        
               | DrewADesign wrote:
               | That all sounds nice in theory, but does the Lewiston
               | municipal government have the resources and expertise to
               | determine what countermeasures would be effective? Would
               | it be left up to the company paying for the mitigations
               | to decide what's reasonable? I think we know how that
               | would turn out. Even in heavily regulated states,
               | industrial pollution still heavily impacts people in the
               | vicinity. They usually accept it because so many of them
               | work there. This place was estimated to employ 30 people.
               | We don't even know if problems like infrasound are
               | reasonably avoidable or mitigated, and it's not like they
               | can make more water. Additionally, the way the industry
               | has conducted itself over the past decade has been
               | abhorrent. There's no reason to believe they wouldn't try
               | to circumvent every last shred of mitigation knowing the
               | city has comparatively minuscule resources to fight it.
               | 
               | If we put them anywhere -- and I'm not convinced we
               | really need all of the data centers we have, let alone
               | all the ones we're building -- they should not be in the
               | middle of densely populated areas like Lewiston.
        
               | order-matters wrote:
               | youre starting a good conversation but as per typical
               | internet fashion you are being critiqued as though your
               | direction of thought is being presented as some sort of
               | final solution.
               | 
               | i completely agree that we should be looking into
               | modelling this in terms of what is possible to mitigate
               | its impact and what does that look like with current
               | technology and costs, and where would we need to develop
               | new tech, and what would be the critical values to hit to
               | consider mitigation a success
        
               | rangestransform wrote:
               | The fact that they need to use gas turbines at all is a
               | tragic condemnation of how the US can't build shit at
               | all. We should be consuming more (green) energy to make
               | our lives better, and rushing toward diminishing returns
               | on energy consumption. Instead, we have this unholy
               | alliance of (usually right wing) NIMBYs and (usually left
               | wing) degrowthers that make it much more convenient to
               | use a gas turbine than build renewable energy somewhere
               | windy/sunny and plumb it in with some transmission lines.
               | Renewable energy is way past the tipping point of being
               | cheaper, the gas turbines are just there due to
               | regulatory burden at all levels.
        
               | DrewADesign wrote:
               | Yeah, but unfortunately, here we are, and there are the
               | companies that want to build these things in completely
               | inappropriate areas because it's more convenient.
        
               | hermanzegerman wrote:
               | They lobbied for tax exemptions for 10 years or longer in
               | most cases. Which probably is the useful lifespan, from
               | most of the stuff in there
        
             | marcosdumay wrote:
             | > Data centers are a net negative wherever they are.
             | 
             | They really shouldn't be.
             | 
             | There is a need for them and they aren't inherently
             | damaging. There's no reason they can't be placed under some
             | environmental regulations that cancel all their negatives,
             | at least on some places. And they would still pay taxes.
             | 
             | But no, datacenter owners are using their connections to
             | remove any regulation instead.
        
               | AgentK20 wrote:
               | Unfortunately it's a race to the bottom in most of
               | America: If you pass such regulations locally or in your
               | state, the data centers will simply choose to not build
               | in your area of authority (county/state). Unless we were
               | to pass sweeping, nation-wide regulations (which this
               | administration is aggressively against because they
               | believe we are in an AI arms race with China), those
               | regulations/bans just drive the data centers elsewhere.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | Maine obviously wouldn't have a problem with that, this
               | law indicates they want them somewhere other than Maine.
               | Environmental regulations that are as good as a ban seem
               | far preferable to an outright ban, IMO. There's a large
               | segment of the population that see outright bans as
               | oppressive but support environmental regulations.
        
               | cucumber3732842 wrote:
               | >Environmental regulations that are as good as a ban seem
               | far preferable to an outright ban, IMO. There's a large
               | segment of the population that see outright bans as
               | oppressive but support environmental regulations.
               | 
               | So basically steal legitimacy from real environmentalists
               | by applying their label to something that's not really
               | motivated by environmentalism but can be construed that
               | way?
               | 
               | "They don't actually want what I'm selling so I'm gonna
               | dress it up as something else, they'll never know"
               | 
               | AreWeTheBaddies.jpg
               | 
               | The other problem you're gonna have is that this isn't an
               | original thought. You're at least 20yr late to the party.
               | So, so, so much absolute garbage has sailed under the
               | flag of environmentalism that the public is starting to
               | be more critical (see for example the kerfuffle over wind
               | turbines off Rhode Island) and it's not unforeseeable
               | that eventually the environmentalists are gonna have some
               | sort of purge or reformation or reversion to more
               | traditional environmentalism and serving corporate
               | interests in order to reclaim some lost
               | respect/legitimacy. Trying to sail "obviously not
               | primarily about the environment" stuff under the flag of
               | environmentalism is only gonna hasten that.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | Environmentalists are going to get blamed for the data
               | center ban in Maine either way.
        
               | DrewADesign wrote:
               | But people probably wouldn't have a problem with them
               | building a data center in central Aroostook. Nobody
               | making these regulations wants to simply stop data
               | centers from being built anywhere-- they're trying to
               | stop people from building them where it will really suck
               | to have them, like densely populated Lewiston. I actually
               | left tech to work in manufacturing. I know the value it
               | provides and how much it can negatively impact others.
               | Big companies want to build this shit near population
               | centers because it's more convenient, profitable, easier
               | to hire people, etc. Tough cookies, I say.
        
               | scoofy wrote:
               | Obviously the solution is to tax them instead of ban them
               | so they end up dispersing income to the surrounding
               | areas. The entire point though is that they won't get
               | built where they are taxed, and eventually, through
               | regulatory capture or governance capture, they'll get
               | built without having to compensate for their
               | exteralities.
               | 
               | The cynicism of residents is reasonable. They've have to
               | be highly educated to actually understand the
               | implications of what they're doing and how that revenue
               | can be distributed. America's decline lends itself toward
               | small-town corruption, where patronage is more important
               | than communitarianism, due to large and accelerating net
               | worth inequality, and an economy where outcomes are based
               | on inheritance over labor.
               | 
               | This explains the logic behind an outright ban. You don't
               | have to be vigilant about corruption and the principle-
               | agent problem if the thing is just banned.
        
               | order-matters wrote:
               | >The entire point though is that they won't get built
               | where they are taxed
               | 
               | I dont think this is entirely true. Maybe not the first
               | wave of data centers, but there are a lot of factors that
               | go into the cost calc and its possible that it would
               | still be worth it to build them even if taxed.
        
               | BeetleB wrote:
               | He's not saying it's economically unfeasible to build
               | where taxed. He's saying they'll simply build elsewhere
               | where they won't be taxed.
               | 
               | About a decade ago, a bunch of data center companies got
               | fantastic deals with my city (low/no tax). People are
               | pretty upset about it. A few years in there was a report
               | on how many people they employeed. I think combined it
               | was under 10 who lived in the area.
        
               | scoofy wrote:
               | I mean, just look at what happened with Foxconn in
               | Racine, WI: https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/what-
               | happened-to-foxco...
               | 
               | The community is a heck of a lot poorer now because they
               | were convinced to offer incentives for a factory that
               | never came. Once these firms can dangle hope in return
               | for tax treatment or infrastructure, then you have a
               | zero-sum game between townships where the winner -- if
               | there is a winner -- ends up being the firm first, and
               | the loser -- if there is a loser, will be the township
               | first.
        
               | overfeed wrote:
               | > There is a need for them and they aren't inherently
               | damaging.
               | 
               | One solution: local taxes on the economic value generated
               | by the data center. MNCs love to play accounting games,
               | so a simple formula based on metered GWh multiplied by
               | reported _worldwide_ revenue with a scaling factor a
               | fraction of a percentage. This fund should be ring-fenced
               | be address whatever externalities are introduced by the
               | data center, including electric bill subsidies, infra
               | maintenance, and funding independent oversight.
        
             | Anechoic wrote:
             | _noise pollution (it's really worth watching Benn Jordan's
             | video on infrasound,)_
             | 
             | Noise from data centers is a real issue, but Benn's
             | measurements and analysis are not great (speeding up the
             | sample rate to demonstrate frequency effects is just wrong,
             | among other issues).
        
               | jesse_ash wrote:
               | It was a bit misleading in terms of the audibility of
               | infrasonic noise, but I think he did a good job of
               | highlighting some of the effects of infrasonic noise on
               | QoL/health with the study towards the end. IIRC, he also
               | recorded some regular human-range noise that I would
               | personally find disruptive to have to live with (though
               | this was a fair bit closer to the data center than the
               | claimed range of infrasonic noise's effects)
        
             | andrepd wrote:
             | > Though I've seen some astonishingly misinformed
             | politicians offering big tax incentives for data centers
             | 
             | My national government is currently giving massive tax
             | breaks for one of these. It's going to be, after all, "the
             | biggest foreign investment in the country ever"...
        
             | sershe wrote:
             | Doesn't this also apply to new housing? Strain on services
             | per job created is probably even higher. The benefits are
             | for someone currently not living here, just like data
             | centers used for remote users. And if cheaper housing is
             | available obnoxious poor people might move in. I think
             | there should be a moratorium. Not in my backyard!
        
               | DrewADesign wrote:
               | I'm not sure who you'd expect to sway equating data
               | centers to east coast urban housing during a giant,
               | sustained housing crisis, but your obviously disingenuous
               | argument is completely ridiculous.
        
           | physhster wrote:
           | Less than 30 makes no sense. It's easily in the hundred if
           | you account for shifts and the specialized jobs required.
        
             | jcrawfordor wrote:
             | The number the developer gave in a press release was
             | "20-30." I find that reasonable as a very large Facebook
             | data center near me has a permanent staff of around 50.
             | Keep in mind that these large DCs use contractors for the
             | majority of the work, which unfortunately doesn't really
             | help with employment because the contractors mostly come in
             | from out of state (there is a HUGE temp labor market for
             | traveling IT technicians and skilled crafts get hired
             | mostly from big national outfits that just send whatever
             | crew is available next). It is good for the hotel business
             | though.
        
             | DrewADesign wrote:
             | From the Maine Monitor:
             | 
             |  _[...]the data center would have employed only about 30
             | workers, the city estimated._
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | Once it's built, it basically runs itself.
             | 
             | You have a guard, some remote hands, maintenance, maybe
             | additional security or two, times 4 for the various shifts.
             | 30 sounds about right.
             | 
             | Even 20 years ago the datacenters I worked with often had
             | fewer employees onsite than "visitors" - because they
             | rented out racks.
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | Yep, and anything outside of that is contracted groups
               | that come in from outside. Maybe a hotel in the area
               | would get a little more business, but it won't be much.
        
           | j2kun wrote:
           | My favorite class of HN comment: bringing concreteness to a
           | vibes fight.
        
             | harimau777 wrote:
             | Perhaps unfortunately, vibes are part of being human.
             | Ignore them at your peril.
        
           | pj_mukh wrote:
           | "We are for the jobs the comet provides" - Don't Look up.
           | 
           | I'm not trying to be facile here but let's be honest the
           | environmental concerns are silly. I don't want to hear about
           | electricity shortages from a state hellbent on NIMBY-ing
           | itself out of power[1],[2].
           | 
           | I understand people are threatened by this technology, the
           | tech CEOs' loud pronouncements can cause that and that these
           | arguments are basically threat responses. I buy that. But to
           | hear otherwise smart people say non-chemical industrial
           | factories are a serious environmental threat but if they
           | provided more jobs it would be fine while everyone nods
           | along, feels like I'm living in an Adam McKay satire.
           | 
           | [1]: https://www.mainepublic.org/politics/2025-04-08/bill-
           | removin...
           | 
           | [2]: https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/maine-voters-
           | reject-q...
        
         | embedding-shape wrote:
         | > If, given all that, you'd support factory construction but
         | not data center construction, I'd be curious as to why.
         | 
         | Personally I'd support either/both, but I could easily see
         | someone's else perspective being that you support the usage and
         | selling/purchasing of whatever the factories make, but you
         | don't feel the same about what the data centers provide. So
         | regardless of impacts, in one case the tradeoffs feel OK, and
         | in the other it doesn't, all because your personal preferences
         | and opinions.
         | 
         | To be honest, it's a bit surprising this is even a question?
         | Did you really not understand that people have different
         | preferences in what exists and is available in a society, and
         | especially near them?
        
         | threetonesun wrote:
         | I imagine Maine would support bans on both, yes. Most of their
         | economy is tourism and being known for their coasts and
         | forests, I don't think anything that could possibly have
         | environmental impacts to support industries/businesses that are
         | primarily not housed in Maine would be seen as a good thing.
         | 
         | The more interesting question to me is do you support full bans
         | on these things in states that could easily allow them with
         | strict regulations, knowing that they will instead likely be
         | built in places with no regulations?
        
         | shaky-carrousel wrote:
         | Yes, I would support a ban on new factories for, say, slot
         | machines.
        
           | inglor_cz wrote:
           | Slot machines are (ab)used by relatively few people.
           | 
           | OTOH the proportion of Mainers who already use or (say by
           | 2030) will be using AI routinely in their daily lives is
           | likely around 50 per cent. Which makes the initiative a bit
           | of an exercise in political posturing and hypocrisy.
           | 
           | Reminds me a bit of all the anti-nuclear countries of Europe
           | which nevertheless do not mind importing nuclear-generated
           | power from their neighbours if needed.
           | 
           | I would definitely support tech companies charging residents
           | and especially government offices and legislatures of such
           | states an extra fee. As Nicholas Nassim Taleb says, having
           | skin in the game is important, and that would at least be a
           | form of skin in the game.
        
             | pixl97 wrote:
             | >who already use or (say by 2030)
             | 
             | Luckily it's only a memorandum and not a ban then.
             | 
             | >do not mind importing nuclear-generated power from their
             | neighbours if needed.
             | 
             | Which does put some distance between you and whatever
             | disaster occurs because someone thought pocketing $5 was
             | more important than safety.
             | 
             | You're also assuming there won't be a massive crash in the
             | next year or two would leave a lot of stranded assets
             | around. If there's not, then they'll build DC's then.
        
         | yfw wrote:
         | If theyre a grift that takes from the community and taxpayers
         | like that foxconn "factory" at mt pleasant.
         | 
         | Its not being a nimby if no one in the area benefits and all
         | the externalities are being borne by them
        
         | nutjob2 wrote:
         | It's a reasonable choice given that DCs use massive amounts of
         | power and provide very few permanent jobs.
         | 
         | I don't think they are comparable to car parts, maybe aluminum
         | smelters though?
        
         | Forgeties79 wrote:
         | I'm not particularly excited about construction on either of
         | those but I will not pretend to have a fully formed opinion on
         | "factory construction," however one would define it. And either
         | way it's kind of immaterial to me, because 1) we are talking
         | about data centers not factories and 2) what I'm seeing happen
         | with the data centers being built has made me pretty against
         | them so far: https://lailluminator.com/2025/11/22/meta-data-
         | center-crashe...
        
         | AvAn12 wrote:
         | If they produce large negative externalities like data centers
         | do, then yes absolutely.
         | 
         | In a normal market, tech cos would have to pay for the messes
         | they make (the negative externalities). With so much
         | speculative financing available today, these costs are not
         | being born by the companies creating them. Rather, random
         | people (external parties) are forced to suck up higher
         | electricity costs, noise, environmental degradation, new
         | competition for water, non-employment of local people, oh yeah,
         | and not much more to show for it than a proliferation of new
         | forms of slop.
         | 
         | Tech guys: can't you think of more economically useful products
         | to launch?
        
           | raincole wrote:
           | > new competition for water
           | 
           | Data centers use minuscule amount of water compared to
           | factories that make physical goods.
        
           | TheTaytay wrote:
           | This whole conversation is happening due to data centers
           | existing...
        
         | BrenBarn wrote:
         | I'm not sure how I'd feel about a ban on factories, but I think
         | cars, as bad as they are in terms of environmental effects, are
         | far less harmful to our society than "AI" companies and the
         | big-tech companies that are intertwined with them (e.g., Google
         | and Facebook).
         | 
         | On the flip side, I'd ask the question: if someone supports
         | banning these data centers, why not support just banning the AI
         | companies entirely?
        
           | pesus wrote:
           | > On the flip side, I'd ask the question: if someone supports
           | banning these data centers, why not support just banning the
           | AI companies entirely?
           | 
           | I suspect we'll be seeing more and more of this sentiment in
           | the coming years in one form or another.
        
         | fr4nkr wrote:
         | The major data centers being built for AI are _much_ more
         | energy-hungry than car manufacturing, and they 're being built
         | at a pace that the US energy grid simply cannot accommodate in
         | the short term... or quite possibly even the long term,
         | considering the US's extreme aversion to expanding nuclear
         | power.
         | 
         | Also, you can call it Luddism if you want, but a car factory is
         | going to bring a lot more net benefit to the average person
         | than an AI data center. Motorized transportation is essential
         | to modern civilization, fancy chat-bots are not.
        
           | orenlindsey wrote:
           | I would argue that with the rise of coding and debugging
           | agents, the AI data centers provide (or will in the near
           | future) even more benefit than a car factory, in terms of
           | digital infrastructure. These technologies are just a lot
           | more invisible so we don't realize how important they are.
        
             | pojzon wrote:
             | Yet we read everyday that Agents generating astronomous
             | amounts of slop and pointless projects are also straining
             | global digital infrastructure.
             | 
             | Which is also "invisible". Using this technology to make
             | advancements in healthcare is 1% of its usage. While 99% is
             | garbage apps noone needs, memes, deep fake videos and porn.
             | 
             | AI as a whole for now is a net negative for the world.
        
               | mcmcmc wrote:
               | Don't forget the portion that's used for mass
               | surveillance, scams, and other blackhat shenanigans. Or
               | supercharged personalized advertising with dynamic
               | pricing. And you can't miss propaganda and dark money
               | influence campaigns.
        
             | rurp wrote:
             | LLMs are and will be used as malware, propaganda, and slop
             | generation agents more than they will be used as debugging
             | agents. The amount of energy that we'll need to consume
             | going forward just to defend against malicious users and to
             | filter down the flood of slop is absolutely eye watering
             | and will continue to grow as far as we can tell.
        
             | pesus wrote:
             | Can you explain how important they are? So far the benefits
             | seem to be limited to faster code generation, which doesn't
             | solve any actual problem people were facing, and is greatly
             | outweighed by the negatives.
        
           | efromvt wrote:
           | I wonder why this doesn't get us frustrated with the grid,
           | not data centers. Delays on interconnects for renewables and
           | offshore wind both seem pretty self inflicted.
        
             | TheTaytay wrote:
             | I keep wondering this too. It feels like such a self
             | fulfilling prophecy: don't build new power plants. Don't
             | build nuclear. Get mad when the grid can't keep up...it's
             | defeatist and anti-growth-of-any-sort through a different
             | lens.
        
               | trueno wrote:
               | I mean one has to also consider the current political
               | _and_ geopolitical landscape now when it comes to energy
               | needs. And given the current outlook and environments
               | even states are now operating in with federal overreach
               | shutting down offshore wind farm efforts and more, it's
               | not hard to do the calculus that lands you squarely in
               | this reality:
               | 
               | - most grids can't sustain the AI energy demands at the
               | moment
               | 
               | - literally no one could tell you if scaling up with
               | clean/renewable energy sources to meet demand is even
               | going to get greenlit right now. it is straight up
               | gambling to try and give a black and white answer to it.
               | 
               | so to a lot of degrees i absolutely understand why a
               | state might pump the brakes. this is increased pressure
               | on a limited resource that is squeezing _the peoples_
               | economic circumstances. pump the brakes because no one is
               | talking about how to greenlight it and scale up the right
               | way so it doesn't result in even more financial
               | uncertainty for people that are already financially
               | uncertain. its absolutely not something i would want to
               | give the go ahead on without guarantees that renewable
               | energy is going to be the backbone of the increased
               | energy demand.
        
               | 0cf8612b2e1e wrote:
               | To be fair, for decades, electricity consumption has been
               | mostly flat. There has not been a need to massively ramp
               | up new generation or distribution. It is only in the last
               | few years that such mega consumers have come online that
               | is requiring new development at a frantic pace.
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | Not true. Electric vehicles have been threatening to
               | collapse residential grids for quite a few years now. The
               | US hasn't been making the necessary infrastructure
               | investments for a long time. See PG&E for example.
        
               | 0cf8612b2e1e wrote:
               | For something the size of the electrical grid, you can
               | find regional variations, but the national trend is quite
               | clear. One report from a quick search[0]
               | Consumption Growth Acceleration: After 14 years of near-
               | stagnant growth (0.1% annually from 2008-2021), US
               | electricity consumption surged 3.0% in 2024, driven by
               | data centers, electric vehicles, and economic recovery,
               | signaling a new era of demand growth.
               | 
               | [0] https://solartechonline.com/blog/how-much-
               | electricity-does-u...
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | TBF multiple things can be true. A period of stagnation,
               | a failure to perform sufficient upkeep, and a failure to
               | keep up with new demand.
        
             | anon291 wrote:
             | Because we have decided that electrical generation tech
             | ended once China became better at it.
             | 
             | Instead of dealing with that like adults we are throwing a
             | fit instead
        
             | YetAnotherNick wrote:
             | Also power is not at all a limited resource as many top
             | voted post on HN thinks it to be. Increased demand
             | decreases the price of power not increases it in the long
             | term.
             | 
             | And in any case ban doesn't make any sense. Instead they
             | could charge different for grid electricity usage, and make
             | the datacenter pay for grid expansion when they start
             | building it.
        
           | bigfatkitten wrote:
           | And a data centre brings absolutely no economic benefit
           | whatsoever to its local community, unlike something like an
           | auto plant that creates entirely new supporting industries to
           | support it and its employees.
        
             | cheriot wrote:
             | Property taxes come to mind.
        
               | xphos wrote:
               | Local municipalities collect this and often get tricked
               | into not collecting it via agreements to host it in or
               | near their town for multiple year agreements. Also the
               | assessed value of the property may not come anywhere near
               | the costs of increased electricity demand, water usage
               | and noise pollution problems. For locals
               | 
               | Their is typically high paying jobs in factories but
               | these places dont employ a large staff beyond
               | construction. It a tough spaces.
        
             | mediaman wrote:
             | Loudoun County in Virginia generates $1 billion in property
             | tax revenues from data centers.
             | 
             | It funds half of all of their expenditures.
             | 
             | Can you imagine having half of your total municipal
             | government budget being paid for by data centers?
             | 
             | Their citizens pay much lower property tax rates, and get
             | much better schooling and police.
             | 
             | Henrico County (also VA) took $60 million in unexpected new
             | revenues from data centers and created an affordable
             | housing trust that is subsidizing low-cost housing.
             | 
             | Although these counties are figuring it out, it's an
             | incredible failure in imagination for many of these
             | liberals in other states to look at an immense source of
             | new funding that could support schools, housing and health
             | and just spurn it because they heard from a friend of a
             | friend that they consume a lot of water based on a
             | discredited book with elementary math errors.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | Hopefully they don't end up with a "Digital Detroit" when
               | datacenters start closing.
               | 
               | Though even if the AI market collapses, the capital spent
               | means they'd probably keep operating; paying for 30
               | employees is much different than paying for 3,000 at a
               | factory. But the datacenter might be owned by the
               | creditors at that time.
        
               | no_wizard wrote:
               | They're an anomaly that benefits from a number of factors
               | like being close to the government for contracting, early
               | data centers built there and they tended to congregate
               | and dumb luck.
               | 
               | They're an outlier and don't really prove much of
               | anything.
               | 
               | Oregon has lots and lots of data centers and not much to
               | show for it on any front, other than higher electric
               | prices for consumers
        
               | mediaman wrote:
               | Oregon gave a lot of time-limited property tax breaks.
               | They also don't have a sales tax.
               | 
               | So I would agree that giving away the #1 way that data
               | centers contribute to the government isn't optimal,
               | though you could argue it's a long-term play.
               | 
               | As the tax break terms expire, Oregon will get $450
               | million in annual property taxes from the data centers,
               | or about 1.4% of the state budget.
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | > that they consume a lot of water based on a discredited
               | book with elementary math errors.
               | 
               | How exactly do you think they dissipate the heat of a
               | continuous 100 MW or 1 GW power draw? I have no idea what
               | book you're referring to but you can do the math yourself
               | it's quite straightforward.
        
               | valleyer wrote:
               | The book is "Empire of AI". This blog post explains it
               | pretty well: https://blog.andymasley.com/p/empire-of-ai-
               | is-wildly-mislead...
               | 
               | Basically, the author (of the book) compares a data
               | center outside Santiago to usage of water by humans,
               | erroneously imputing that the average human uses only 200
               | cc of water per day.
        
               | trollbridge wrote:
               | Perhaps part of the problem here is that most towns that
               | have proposals for AI data centres (including my own)
               | have the developers demanding 10 year tax abatements, so
               | we aren't going to see any of that tax revenue.
        
             | andsoitis wrote:
             | > data centre brings absolutely no economic benefit
             | whatsoever to its local community
             | 
             | Following that logic, are you suggesting that data centers
             | should not be built at all?
        
           | ch4s3 wrote:
           | > AI are much more energy-hungry than car manufacturing
           | 
           | This is not even remotely true[1]. Large auto plants use on
           | the order of 200-250 megawatts of power, which is either on
           | par with a data center or slightly more than a data center
           | depending on the size and how cooling is handled.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/tools/Indu
           | str...
        
             | tadfisher wrote:
             | New AI data center builds are being specified in gigawatts,
             | my friend.
        
               | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
               | Yup. Here's slides from last year's HotChips on where AI
               | racks are going: https://hc2025.hotchips.org/assets/progr
               | am/tutorials/HC2025....
               | 
               | The racks rolling out now are in the 100s of KW each,
               | targeting 1 MW per rack as the rough limit for using 400v
               | DC.
               | 
               | The next iteration is go up to 800v DC, riding the
               | coattails of power management components from the EV
               | industry.
        
             | jmyeet wrote:
             | I suspect uou've misread that document. It is a good
             | document though. It's saying a large parts plant uses
             | ~188,000 MWh, I think per year.
             | 
             | A modern AI data center uses 20-100MW+ of electricity.
             | Those two things aren't the same. 20MW of continuous
             | electricity use (which AI data centers do) translates to
             | 175,000 MWh of electricity per year. That's about the same
             | as a minimum and might be 5+ times more.
             | 
             | This document is only about energy usage so we have to
             | guess what "large" means in terms of employment but 3000 to
             | 7000 seems to the range. Compared to 20-30.
             | 
             | But AI data centers are worse because they actually produce
             | what I call _negative jobs_. Their currently only value
             | proposition is in laying off people and otherwise
             | suppressing labor costs. All while the residents all pay
             | more for their electricity with the money no longer have
             | because they got laid off.
        
               | fc417fc802 wrote:
               | > A modern AI data center uses 20-100MW+ of electricity.
               | 
               | I understand the high end builds to have exceeded 100 kW
               | per rack at this point, with the largest sites exceeding
               | 1 GW (ie 10x your upper bound). So the smallest
               | datacenters use as much as the largest auto plants, and
               | the largest datacenters use 100x that.
        
             | bnewbold wrote:
             | Where are you getting the 200 megawatt number from?
             | 
             | The document you linked says that a large auto assembly
             | plant consumes around 188,000 MWh annually (with regional
             | variation). By my quick math that is less than 22 megawatts
             | baseline load (24/7/365).
             | 
             | There is a mention that natural gas and other fuels being
             | used on-site, are you converting those to MWh equivalent?
             | I'm not as familiar with that conversion, but from a quick
             | online calculator I found it would still be under 75
             | megawatt for electrical and fuel-equivalent combined.
        
         | seattle_spring wrote:
         | If the factories only employed 50 people, polluted the earth at
         | a much higher scale, and were mainly used to product fake cat
         | videos and scam dating profiles, then yes I would support
         | banning them too.
        
         | gensym wrote:
         | No because the people who make car parts aren't promising to
         | kill my livelihood and everyone else's.
         | 
         | The people who make car parts aren't telling me that the cars
         | they build are likely to murder everyone I love.
         | 
         | The people who make car parts aren't writing long screeds about
         | how if our dysfunctional government doesn't step up to
         | implement a solution to the problems created by all the car
         | parts, we're going to to see mass poverty and social chaos.
         | 
         | (To be fair, I don't believe all these forecasts by AI
         | companies, but when they're making them, why on earth would I
         | support letting them go about their business?)
        
         | ZeWaka wrote:
         | One must also consider the other impacts such as water use and
         | noise pollution.
        
         | culi wrote:
         | It's a temporary ban (until 2027) and I think it totally makes
         | sense to do so during a boom that has no strong evidence of
         | long-term sustainability. I would absolutely support temporary
         | bans for industries at the peaks of their hype cycles
        
         | themafia wrote:
         | > For people who support this kind of ban
         | 
         | I support the ability of local jurisdictions to create laws
         | that are intended to benefit it's citizens. If that means
         | banning a particular new and pernicious development in their
         | borders, then yes, of course I support that.
         | 
         | > would support a similar ban on new factories for, say, car
         | parts.
         | 
         | Has anyone actually done that?
         | 
         | Do you support a ban on tobacco? If yes, then what's different
         | about your desire for this type of ban?
        
         | cma wrote:
         | When a tech company builds an AI training datacenter in
         | Alabama, does the model they train there get counted as a
         | created capital asset that they then pay taxes on in that
         | state.
         | 
         | They'll owe some tax from apportionment formula that doesn't
         | really cover the datacenter's contribution to the value of the
         | created model I think, but maybe that's wrong.
         | 
         | A factory that produces physical goods gets more
         | straightforwardly taxed, though they often pit states against
         | each other to reduce it to near zero or negative for bringing
         | jobs.
        
         | bparsons wrote:
         | Jurisdictions decline all sorts of developments when the
         | proponent cannot demonstrate a sufficient public good.
         | 
         | Generation capacity is scarce at the moment, and governments
         | have to decide if they would rather have affordable residential
         | electricity or be home to the Grok anime slop generator.
        
         | zdrummond wrote:
         | I heard one rationale that has nothing to do with factories >
         | AI data centers. It is the only lever that legislators
         | currently have. They want some bargaining chip to get more
         | control over AI firms.
        
         | LogicFailsMe wrote:
         | Why not cut straight to the jugular and ask them how they feel
         | about raising local taxes to fund stadiums? Then ask them how
         | they feel about beef and almond farming if they pivot to water
         | as the next complaint. FWIW stadiums create about twice as many
         | jobs as the current crop of datacenters so there's that I guess
         | but the bang per tax dollar is still godawful.
        
         | kube-system wrote:
         | I think a temporary ban makes sense when there are market
         | bubbles driving investment that has a high likelihood of being
         | abandoned shortly thereafter... and I think that could apply to
         | any industry.
         | 
         | A lot of what is going on right now is debt-financed
         | speculation, and the losers will leave behind empty industrial
         | buildings on deforested land in their wake.
        
         | myhf wrote:
         | Car parts are tangible. Even if the product doesn't stay
         | onshore forever, it has to enrich people onshore in order to
         | move.
         | 
         | All the output of a datacenter effectively goes offshore
         | immediately.
        
         | sQL_inject wrote:
         | It's self-selecting. Pro-growth states will flourish, attract
         | intellectual talent. Support auxiliary careers, and grow their
         | educational institutions.
         | 
         | The rest will fallow.
        
         | throwaway27448 wrote:
         | It's also basically impossible to extract taxes on the products
         | of data centers. It seems like a way to drain a locality of
         | value while providing nothing in return but slightly lower
         | latencies for corporations.
        
         | rvz wrote:
         | AI (in its current form) just needs to get its act together and
         | find efficient alternatives just like cryptocurrencies did.
         | 
         | Bitcoin mining farms were taking lots of electricity and were
         | the ones getting shut down and there was little opposition to
         | that and it didn't matter anyway since there were efficient
         | alternative cryptocurrencies available right away that did not
         | need more data centers and energy requirements.
         | 
         | Now AI just isn't efficient enough to refrain from building
         | more data centers. This is clearly a software problem which is
         | getting to the point that the energy requirements going to
         | surpass Bitcoin alone. [0]
         | 
         | [0] https://www.theverge.com/climate-change/676528/ai-data-
         | cente...
        
         | cucumber3732842 wrote:
         | >For people who support this kind of ban, I'd ask if you would
         | support a similar ban on new factories for, say, car parts.
         | 
         | They de-facto banned these things over the past decades by
         | saddling them with requirements that make them non-competitive
         | locally and/or globally while simultaneously opening up
         | international trade. But they're in denial about this so
         | they'll whine about how it's "not technically a ban" because
         | hoops that are a non-starter to 99% can be jumped through at
         | great cost when the 1% profitable enough to justify it example
         | comes along.
        
         | xphos wrote:
         | Bad dichotomy they aren't saying no to data centers to spite
         | them. They are saying no because that data centers are a major
         | public drain and net negative on public resources.
         | 
         | Often they don't pay high taxes nor do they employ large
         | numbers of people. Most of the money made by leeching of public
         | power infrastructure and cheap electricity and export the
         | profits to somewhere else. They are building and selling a non
         | tangible good i.e where do you tax it?
         | 
         | Their is also noise pollution concerns which can destroy
         | communities near by and water usage concerns. These plants
         | drain aquaifers.
         | 
         | I just think you haven't substantially thought about the effect
         | these have on the actual people living nearby. AI being
         | .000001cent cheaper just doesnt help people that much
        
           | tjohns wrote:
           | > Often they don't pay high taxes nor do they employ large
           | numbers of people... They are building and selling a non
           | tangible good i.e where do you tax it?
           | 
           | You could easily charge a property tax (could even have a
           | higher rate for data centers, specifically), or an excise tax
           | on number of servers, or a tax on excess energy/water
           | consumption. There's lots of options here, if that's what
           | you're worried about.
           | 
           | > Their is also noise pollution concerns which can destroy
           | communities near by and water usage concerns. These plants
           | drain aquaifers.
           | 
           | Factories also do both of these things. They're noisy, often
           | have emissions much worse than anything coming from a
           | datacenter, and most factories use large quantities of water
           | as well.
        
             | fc417fc802 wrote:
             | > an excise tax on number of servers
             | 
             | We need to go full Oracle and charge an excise tax per
             | logical CPU core. For GPUs we can count SIMT lanes.
             | 
             | More seriously they should be taxed per watt, likely in an
             | asymptotic manner because most of the externalities don't
             | scale linearly. Any additional infrastructure requirements
             | should be directly rolled into their electric and water
             | bills, which is to say that they should receive a very
             | unfavorable rate.
        
         | nkrisc wrote:
         | It depends what the factory is producing.
        
         | neophobia wrote:
         | As someone who lives in Maine (inland, mountains), I have two
         | reasons why this make sense: 1) this state has a lot of natural
         | wilderness that should stay untouched, the gulf of maine is the
         | fastest warming body of water in the world. we feel global
         | warming more than anyone, we dont need more of it. 2)
         | electricity is extremely expensive here. also, the majority
         | shareholder of the spanish company that owns the electric grid
         | is the qatar government, so our electric grid is pretty much
         | owned by qatar.
        
         | SamDc73 wrote:
         | yeah, another way to put it: if you don't want factories,
         | that's fine; just don't buy manufactured stuff .. the same with
         | data centers, if you don't want data centers then don't go on
         | the Internet because by doing so you're becoming part of the
         | problem.
        
           | kube-system wrote:
           | It isn't necessary to evenly distribute industry across the
           | entire country out of pettiness.
           | 
           | Maine doesn't tell Iowa they should grow their own lobsters,
           | they simply trade them.
        
             | SamDc73 wrote:
             | I don't know if I get you're points because lobster farms
             | are tied to certain external factors in a way things like
             | data centers aren't.
             | 
             | but either way, the argument feels very NIMBY: it's not 'no
             | housing,' it's 'just not here.'
             | 
             | so when someone say 'let someone else host them,' it really
             | comes across as: I want the internet, just let other
             | communities pay the environmental cost.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | The cost of running a datacenter and the impact it has is
               | also tied to external factors. The environmental cost is
               | not the same in all locations. There are differences in
               | land use, environmental requirements, power generation
               | methods, and the downstream impact of all of those.
        
         | carefree-bob wrote:
         | People are worried about their power and water costs rising.
         | 
         | I think this is a legit worry. The fact of the matter is that
         | local governments often don't care about their constituencies
         | and sell them out in order to boost tax revenue of new business
         | moving in, and this creates a race to the bottom.
         | 
         | I would love a situation in which datacenters also paid for
         | their own power upgrades and infrastructure so that locals did
         | not experience high bills. That would be the best case
         | scenario.
         | 
         | But barring that, banning the data center seems like a legit
         | second base case scenario.
        
         | pesus wrote:
         | Your profile indicates you're head of engineering at an AI
         | startup. Can you provide a reason why someone who isn't
         | financially motivated by their stake in an AI company _should_
         | support new data center development for AI? Especially someone
         | who lives in the area and will be disproportionately negatively
         | affected by the construction and operation?
        
         | stego-tech wrote:
         | This is one heck of a straw man argument: "if you wanna ban
         | datacenters but not factories they're basically the same
         | thing".
         | 
         | The current datacenter boom isn't general compute, but AI
         | compute - a highly specialized form that's not adaptive or
         | recycled into other, demonstrably useful forms of compute
         | should this end up being a highly speculative bubble or dead-
         | end technology. The demonstrated environmental impacts are very
         | real, and the reason they're shoved through has everything to
         | do with secrecy around their known impacts in an effort to get
         | cheap land and government buy-in before locals protest the
         | harms of the buildout.
         | 
         | As for a modern, highly automated factory like what China
         | builds? At least then we get cheaper goods and services to buy
         | while still creating jobs (repairfolk, technicians,
         | roboticists, etc) as opposed to AI datacenters, which just
         | slurp up resources while delivering chatbots that kill
         | society's best-paying jobs and careers and centralizing power
         | under fewer hands.
         | 
         | So yeah, I'd be totally in favor of factories that build things
         | and employ people, versus AI data centers that just hoover up
         | resources and shunt costs to locals without consent.
        
           | freedomben wrote:
           | > _This is one heck of a straw man argument: "if you wanna
           | ban datacenters but not factories they're basically the same
           | thing"._
           | 
           | The irony in this comment is that you are the one arguing
           | against a strawman, much more so than GP. They never said
           | they were basically the same thing. There's certainly some
           | level of comparison though as GP laid out in their comment.
        
         | jmyeet wrote:
         | So it's hard to get numbers here so I went looking for
         | electricity usage figures for an automobile plant. This
         | obviously depends on the size but the estimates I could find
         | for a theoretical plant that produces 1000 vehicles a day are:
         | 
         | - 300-400GWh/year of electricity usage. It's significantly more
         | for EVs, as an aside;
         | 
         | - Such a plant employes 2000 to 5000+ people.
         | 
         | Data centers also vary in size but I've seen estimates of
         | 20-100MW being a typical range. 20MW run continuously is
         | 175GWh/year.
         | 
         | So it seems like one large AI data center employs probably
         | fewer than 50 people and uses as much electricity as a plant
         | producing upwards of half a million cars per year. Those cars
         | have a lot of utility, obviously, and employ a lot of people.
         | 
         | Let's be fair: AI data centers currently produce almost nothing
         | of value and contribute almost nothing to the local or state
         | economy. They're being built speculatively on the basis of a
         | potential future value add that has yet to materialize.
         | 
         | My view is that the "value" AI data centers will add is for
         | employers, by allowing them to fire people and suppress wages.
         | That's the true use case. So, in other words, AI data centers
         | represent _negative_ jobs.
         | 
         | Five years from now we'll see studies and media reports on the
         | relationship between how many jobs you can eliminate per MW of
         | electricity. The added bonus is all the residents will be
         | paying higher amounts for their electricity for that
         | "privilege".
        
         | romaniv wrote:
         | _> For people who support this kind of ban, I'd ask if you
         | would support a similar ban on new factories for, say, car
         | parts._
         | 
         | If car parts factories produced nothing, employed no one and
         | were made with equipment that will get outdated in a couple of
         | years... Oh, gee, I dunno, it's a tough one.
        
         | dreambuffer wrote:
         | It's not an environmental issue, data centers are overleveraged
         | in the US due to a belief that they need to win the "AI race".
         | The government is putting their hand into the market to try and
         | shift this balance, when they should be creating basic
         | infrastructure and services.
        
         | burnished wrote:
         | Think i'd be ok with a year and a half halt for things in
         | general every now and again.
        
         | Nevermark wrote:
         | > For people who support this kind of ban, I'd ask if you would
         | support a similar ban on new factories for, say, car parts.
         | 
         | Car parts factory?
         | 
         | With the an (energy-use + water-use + land-use)/employee ratio
         | comparable to an AI data center?
         | 
         | I did not know those existed.
         | 
         | But, yes. I think in that case, the right answer is "Yes".
         | 
         | A pro-corporate viewpoint, without calculation of tradeoffs,
         | reminds me of Jack Dorsey and Elon Musk's blatant illogic:
         | Bitcoin means green energy!
         | 
         | https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-56844813
         | 
         | (For anyone not familiar with Bitcoin source, I can report that
         | the green energy preference/requirement in the hash code is
         | hidden very well. And that the non-benefits of holding Bitcoin
         | in a third parties repository, or the micro-benefits of making
         | a few transactions a year, are unusually minimal relative to
         | the enormous global resource consumption. Not because crypto
         | has to be so wasteful, but because the Bitcoin blockchain
         | implementation has been an "entire-population-of-all-dinosaurs-
         | that-ever-lived" efficiency lemon for most of its existence.)
        
         | 8note wrote:
         | there's a lot of work already done on understanding what makes
         | factories safe or not.
         | 
         | whats the infrasound danger of a factory? how long can a new
         | factory use emergency nat gas generators because they ignored
         | the environmental regulations?
         | 
         | data center owners are much much more powerful than factory
         | owners having the ear of the president, supreme court, and
         | congress. if you tried to regulate one after it gets opened,
         | youre screwed, and theyre gonna ignore your regulations
        
         | MisterTea wrote:
         | > I'd ask if you would support a similar ban on new factories
         | for, say, car parts.
         | 
         | Those factories employ people.
         | 
         | > Like data centers, factories use a lot of power -- which
         | drives up electricity bills
         | 
         | No. They have nowhere near the power consumption density unless
         | it's a metallurgical facility doing aluminum smelting or scrap
         | recycling in arc furnaces.
        
         | harimau777 wrote:
         | Several reasons:
         | 
         | AI seems like it would advance the power of the capitalist
         | class over labor more than new factories.
         | 
         | AI is allied with the tech oligarch faction which has allied
         | itself with the fascists.
         | 
         | Datacenter manufacturers seem to have, at least lately, been
         | particularly underhanded in their attempts to force themselves
         | upon communities that don't want them.
         | 
         | If they fail (e.g. due to the AI bubble bursting or a
         | recession), a factory seems like it would be more likely to
         | survive or at least leave a facility and equipment that is
         | useful.
        
       | dwa3592 wrote:
       | I don't think a blanket (ban or acceptance) anything is a good
       | approach for this issue.
        
       | 6thbit wrote:
       | So what's the current data centers footprint in Maine?
       | 
       | Does the move benefit companies with existing DCs whose
       | competition can no longer establish a region there?
        
       | didgetmaster wrote:
       | How long until the AI companies start charging more to people who
       | use AI services, but live in areas that do things like this?
       | 
       | NIMBY causes energy prices to go up in areas that won't allow
       | drilling, refining, nuclear or nat gas development, or power
       | lines. When will the same happen for things like AI services?
        
         | yfw wrote:
         | Lol the corpos having too much power over consumers is because
         | the local residents wont submit? You assume the company cant
         | charge higher anyway out of the goodness of their hearts?
         | 
         | This is what unregulated capitalism looks like with no govt
         | oversight.
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | AI results are generally easy to transport - just a few bytes
         | over some fibre. Electric is harder to ship, there is only so
         | much you can put in a wire (even high voltage DC). Widgets (car
         | parts...) are even harder to ship and take longer which is why
         | big things often get final assembly locally.
        
         | Dylan16807 wrote:
         | The most expensive AI stuff is the least latency sensitive. A
         | coding agent could be on a different continent and you wouldn't
         | really notice.
        
         | recursive wrote:
         | Honestly would be kind of cool if a locality actually had that
         | much power. It could lead to an enclave of people who still
         | value thinking for themselves. In practice I doubt bigcorps
         | would turn down the customers.
        
         | unclad5968 wrote:
         | Why would anybody outside of tech care if the cost of AI goes
         | up?
        
       | dmitrygr wrote:
       | The people (through their elected representatives) have a right
       | to do this. It is stupid, in my opinion, but they have every
       | right to do so. If this is what they want, they should have it.
       | 
       | Personally, I see little reason to ban new taxpayers with few-to-
       | none negative externalities from moving into your state, but what
       | do i know?
        
       | mystraline wrote:
       | One could absolutely design data centers that were energy
       | positive and ecologically decent (with respects to pollution).
       | 
       | For a known amount of data enter power, dedicate 125% of power in
       | solar and battery.
       | 
       | Need cooling? Use liquid geothermal loops. Or radiate energy back
       | into space. We know frequencies that do not reflect in atmo.
       | 
       | Acoustic pollution is another area. Acoustic tiles, building
       | plans, and natural noise barriers are also of utmost importance
       | too.
       | 
       | We need more compute. Plain banning is not the way. Demanding
       | highly ecological and conserving solutions is.
        
         | yxhuvud wrote:
         | For cooling you can also use a heat exchanger and dump it into
         | a river or an ocean or so.
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | Closed loop heat exchange costs more electricity. It's not a
           | free lunch that data center designers are overlooking.
        
             | yxhuvud wrote:
             | That is of course true, but it is at least not a totally
             | unreasonable practice, unlike using fresh water straight
             | off the grid as a cooling source.
        
         | culi wrote:
         | It's not plain banning. It's a moratorium until 2027. I think
         | it's sensible policy given this craze is at the peak of a hype
         | cycle and there's been a lot of investigative reporting on
         | shady deals around hyperscaler infrastructure
        
       | cosmic_cheese wrote:
       | This is a natural response to the excessive pushiness and
       | underhandedness that's been used to build many of these new
       | datacenters, often in direct conflict with the wishes of the
       | locals. Maybe the firms paying to get them built should take a
       | more diplomatic approach instead of trying to railroad projects
       | through.
        
         | ronsor wrote:
         | Ironically railroads almost always got their way in the past.
        
           | marcosdumay wrote:
           | Railroads were incredibly useful for the entire population.
        
             | johnsimer wrote:
             | AI is incredibly useful for the entire population
        
               | marcosdumay wrote:
               | Is that why the US's GDP is currently booming into
               | infinity? Or is it only responsible for their
               | unprecedented median standard of living?
        
               | justonceokay wrote:
               | You don't understand it hasn't trickled down yet
        
       | cm2012 wrote:
       | This has gotta be the dumbest issue in politics today. By far,
       | the biggest use of data centers right now is on streaming Netflix
       | and YouTube and stuff, but you don't see any protests about that.
        
       | t1234s wrote:
       | The people that ban this are they types that think the internet
       | comes from their phone or electricity comes from the wall outlet.
        
       | WarmWash wrote:
       | If it meant that residents couldn't use AI, then the bill would
       | be certainly dead.
       | 
       | Given that, the bill is just for show, and not actually serious.
        
         | jagged-chisel wrote:
         | What does this have with the _use_ of AI? You can use the
         | services of data centers thousands of miles away.
        
           | WarmWash wrote:
           | That's why we ship our "recycling" to the third world. Enjoy
           | the upsides while exporting the downsides to someone else.
           | 
           | My comment is a statement on hypocrisy, and how if people had
           | to bear the full cost of their decisions, they would decide
           | differently.
           | 
           | Maine is codifying this hypocrisy for shallow minded
           | political points.
        
         | unethical_ban wrote:
         | I shouldn't drive a car if I don't want an oil derrick in my
         | backyard.
        
           | WarmWash wrote:
           | Don't worry, atmospheric warming will do you in the same.
        
       | josefritzishere wrote:
       | In terms of square footage there are few "businesses" which
       | consume more resources (water, power, tax credits) and produce
       | less onging local employment. More states and municipalities are
       | going to do this, and rightly so.
        
       | BlueRock-Jake wrote:
       | I feel like this is always the case with new technology. People
       | had the same reaction to the invention of the printing press. New
       | is scary. It doesn't mean there aren't valid concerns, but
       | unfortunately this feels a bit like an inevitability. The focus
       | shouldn't be on stopping it, but how to maximize the gains and
       | minimize the losses to the local communities where these are
       | being built.
        
         | franklinter wrote:
         | Yes but totally insane that so many on this site seem to
         | approve such a ban.
        
         | Eji1700 wrote:
         | You're not doing your side any favors by using the printing
         | press of all things as your comparison. People very
         | legitimately don't want things like fracking in their area even
         | IF it brings a boatload of jobs due to the costs on
         | communities.
         | 
         | Datacenters might not be as potentially destructive, but
         | they're also a massive net negative for the community in many
         | real world ways. If you want them to "maximize gains", then the
         | answer is "tax them more" which, shockingly, turns into a
         | functional ban because somewhere else is taxing them less.
        
       | mlsu wrote:
       | This shouldn't be read as a carefully considered policy with
       | upsides and downsides. It's obviously silly to just ban
       | datacenters from a policy perspective.
       | 
       | Read this instead as, people hate this shit. They don't want
       | datacenters, they don't want AI, they don't feel like those
       | things are doing anything for them.
       | 
       | You will win the policy debate by saying:
       | 
       | "a datacenter uses just as much electricity and provides just as
       | many jobs as a car parts factory, so it's silly to ban the one
       | and not the other when you can just as easily examine the
       | externalities of the datacenter and blah blah blah"
       | 
       | But you will be missing the point, which is that people see
       | building car parts as a solid, upstanding thing which has
       | tangible and direct benefits to people; whereas building an AI
       | datacenter means allowing some rich California surveillance czar
       | to suck the water and power from your local community so that
       | they can steal your job, fracture your community, and impoverish
       | your family. One is good and one is bad and the voter's choice is
       | to do the good thing and not the bad thing.
       | 
       | Even if car parts factories pollute more than datacenters do.
        
         | culi wrote:
         | FFS did anybody in this thread read passed the title?
         | 
         | It's not just a plain ban. It's a moratorium until 2027 for
         | data centers requiring over 20 megawatts. The temporary
         | moratorium gives it time to build the infrastructure necessary
         | to roll out data centers in an environmentally responsible way:
         | 
         | > The bill also creates the Maine Data Center Coordination
         | Council, and instructs the council to provide strategic input,
         | facilitate planning considerations and evaluate policy tools to
         | address data center opportunities.
        
       | pb7 wrote:
       | That seems fair. When these data centers are built elsewhere,
       | people in Maine should be charged higher prices for the services
       | delivered by these data centers.
        
       | givemeethekeys wrote:
       | Why not mandate that all data centers must be completely off the
       | grid instead?
        
         | unethical_ban wrote:
         | So they install noisy, loud fossil fuel generators that pollute
         | the surrounding area.
        
           | givemeethekeys wrote:
           | That certainly is one way to do it, but I'm certain not the
           | only one.
        
         | culi wrote:
         | Maybe they will. They are not banning them permanently. They
         | are placing a moratorium until 2027 so they can research and
         | plan for how to do data centers responsibly
         | 
         | > The bill also creates the Maine Data Center Coordination
         | Council, and instructs the council to provide strategic input,
         | facilitate planning considerations and evaluate policy tools to
         | address data center opportunities.
        
       | joshfraser wrote:
       | data centers drive up the cost of power. basic supply and demand.
       | 
       | instead of blocking data centers, we need to scale up energy
       | production. the solution is to get rid of all the red tape that
       | makes it so impossible to build in America.
       | 
       | quality of life metrics are highly correlated to the availability
       | of energy.
        
       | chris_va wrote:
       | The actual language (I think):
       | https://legislature.maine.gov/legis/bills/getPDF.asp?paper=H...
       | 
       | It explains the intent (to protect consumers/grid from price
       | changes and fluctuation), and bans 20MW+ loads. They forgot to
       | define load, so a behind-the-meter datacenter (zero net load on
       | the grid) still would likely not get permitted even though it
       | does not violate the intent of the law, which is a bit odd.
        
       | midtake wrote:
       | Ban all data centers until they run off SMRs. Then you'll see
       | nuclear take off like a rocket.
        
       | djoldman wrote:
       | From the bill text establishing a council to figure it out:
       | 
       | > The council shall evaluate issues related to data centers
       | located or proposed to be located in the State, with the goals of
       | protecting ratepayers, maintaining electric grid reliability,
       | minimizing environmental impacts and enabling responsible and
       | appropriately sited economic development.
       | 
       | https://legislature.maine.gov/legis/bills/getPDF.asp?paper=H...
        
       | unethical_ban wrote:
       | Hate to sound all California, but some restrictions on
       | datacenters and similar power/water users seem reasonable.
       | Datacenters in particular vs. factories because of the nature of
       | datacenter inputs and outputs.
       | 
       | ---
       | 
       | Will the DC cover the costs of its own expanded power generation
       | needs? Are residential and small business users protected?
       | 
       | Can the water system handle the increased usage in a given area?
       | 
       | What physical discharges are created? Waste heat air, waste heat
       | water, etc?
       | 
       | What kind of noise will be generated? Are there limits on use of
       | onsite fossil fuel power generation?
        
       | JuniperMesos wrote:
       | > The bill gained traction after residents in Wiscasset and
       | Lewiston successfully opposed data center proposals over water
       | usage and safety concerns.
       | 
       | "Water usage" and especially "safety" are bullshit arguments
       | against building new data centers - in particular the idea that
       | data centers use a lot of water was popularized by the freelance
       | prestige journalist Karen Hao, who got a lot of her facts
       | egregiouly, sloppily wrong in her reporting about AI data
       | centers. This is either retarded environmentalism unconcerned
       | with facts; or the actual motivation to prevent data center
       | construction is some kind of more nebulous distrust of big tech
       | or AI companies or concern that AI will take people's jobs.
        
       | dyauspitr wrote:
       | Why? Why are progressive being regressive about this? What
       | exactly is so wrong with data centers? They use electricity? Then
       | just demand more power plants not some NIMBY bullshit that will
       | just result in data centers being made in other countries. It's
       | not like they're polluting anything. What exactly is so terrible
       | about servers running quietly in a building.
        
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