[HN Gopher] 12k Tons of Dumped Orange Peel Grew into a Landscape...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       12k Tons of Dumped Orange Peel Grew into a Landscape Nobody
       Expected (2017)
        
       Author : pulisse
       Score  : 251 points
       Date   : 2026-04-07 15:47 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.sciencealert.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.sciencealert.com)
        
       | skipants wrote:
       | > Despite this promising start, the conservation experiment
       | wasn't to last, after a rival juice manufacturer called TicoFruit
       | sued Del Oro, alleging that its competitor had "defiled a
       | national park".
       | 
       | ... why does TicoFruit even care? Did they just see their
       | competitor do something that might be good for people and sue
       | them out of spite?
        
         | jaffa2 wrote:
         | I guess tico fruit is just an asshole. Being sued is usually
         | bad. If you can sue your competitor even better.
        
         | throwway262515 wrote:
         | My guess is that Del Oro would have a competitive advantage in
         | its waste disposal costs.
        
         | nightpool wrote:
         | They saw it as corruption, basically. Here's a contemporaneous
         | article:
         | https://apps.sas.upenn.edu/caterpillar/index.php?action=retr...
         | 
         | > TicoFrut, which is 98% Costa Rican-owned, charges that the
         | environmental services contract is little more than a permit
         | for improper disposal of its foreign-owned competitor's waste.
         | TicoFrut President Carlos Odio says Del Oro should be compelled
         | to build a proper waste-disposal plant just as his company was
         | forced to do in the mid-1990s amid allegations that orange
         | waste from its juicing plant was polluting a nearby river. So
         | TicoFrut teamed up with a high-profile environmentalist and
         | radio host, Alexander Bonilla, and enlisted the support of two
         | prominent congressmen and a few citrus growers in denouncing
         | the Del Oro project. However, none of Costa Rica's conservation
         | groups joined in the attack on Del Oro.
         | 
         | [...]
         | 
         | > One of the ministers they cited was the acting environment
         | minister at the time, Carlos Manuel Rodriguez, who signed the
         | contract on behalf of the government. Rodriguez, an attorney,
         | denied having sat on Del Oro's board but acknowledged
         | representing the company while working in a law firm contracted
         | by the CDC, Del Oro's British owners. The other official,
         | Agriculture Minister Esteban Brenes, acknowledged having sat on
         | Del Oro's board but denied any involvement with the contract.
         | 
         | > TicoFrut also claimed foreign employees of the CDC and, by
         | extension, Del Oro, had received diplomatic immunity as a
         | sweetener to invest, and could thus act with impunity.
         | 
         | > The Costa Rican Ombudsman's Office conducted its own review
         | and declared the contract illegal. In its non-binding ruling,
         | the ombudsman's office said no official studies had been done
         | on the viability of the orange-waste experiment, and that due
         | process had not been followed before the contract's signing
        
           | underlipton wrote:
           | In a way, they might have been right. Who knows whether or
           | not a continuation of the active experiment would have pushed
           | it over a tipping point where the positive effects were
           | nullified. Maybe part of the "magic" is that they literally
           | left it there to rot.
        
             | PaulHoule wrote:
             | it could have been corruption _and_ something that turned
             | out well in the end
        
           | jandrese wrote:
           | I mean it makes sense if you were just forced to implement an
           | expensive waste management system and your competitor gets to
           | just dump the stuff on the ground in a National Park. I would
           | complain too.
        
             | ambicapter wrote:
             | It doesn't make sense if you were forced to implement waste
             | management because you did it poorly to start with and your
             | competitor found a smart way to do it for cheap.
        
           | MisterTea wrote:
           | > TicoFrut President Carlos Odio says Del Oro should be
           | compelled to build a proper waste-disposal plant just as his
           | company was forced to do in the mid-1990s amid allegations
           | that orange waste from its juicing plant was polluting a
           | nearby river.
           | 
           | This is the work of a petty man child. This is how it reads
           | to me: "I got caught being a lazy irresponsible cheap-skate
           | who was illegally dumping and had to pay. Meanwhile, these
           | intelligent forward-thinking jerks find an environmentally
           | beneficial way to dispose of their waste for free! I'll show
           | them and take those goody two shoes down a peg!"
        
             | TheGRS wrote:
             | I'm also disappointed by the decision, but I get the
             | argument made from the business perspective. I'm required
             | to dispose my waste properly and its reflected in my
             | prices, my competitor is not doing these practices and they
             | should be compelled to follow the same regulations. I'm
             | just disappointed that their court sided with the business
             | since a better resolution would've been "your company can
             | do this too if you just do the legwork".
        
               | gambiting wrote:
               | Well they weren't allowed to do it for free - they had to
               | give up some of their land which had value.
        
       | proee wrote:
       | One risk here is that a giant pile of biomass could allow
       | nefarious critters to grow disproportionately. For example, in
       | Alaska, they had giant brush piles that ended up fueling beetle
       | infestations across the state.
        
       | bell-cot wrote:
       | This being HN - might there be any Costa Rican lawyers in the
       | house?
       | 
       | It would be extremely interesting to hear about the legal merits
       | of the rival company's lawsuit, and the politics of the Supreme
       | Court.
        
         | PaulHoule wrote:
         | It's the kind of question that I'd rather see answered by an
         | ecologist than a judge!
        
           | bell-cot wrote:
           | The kind of issue that's better _decided_ by an ecologist
           | than by a judge, true.
           | 
           | My curiosity is about how the legal system got it wrong -
           | simplistic or outdated laws, or clueless or corrupt judges,
           | or some combination, or something else?
        
       | throwway262515 wrote:
       | > As for how the orange peels were able to regenerate the site so
       | effectively in just 16 years of isolation, nobody's entirely
       | sure.
       | 
       | Another data point to the thesis that it's not the earth that
       | needs saving, it's human systems. If disruption becomes the order
       | of the day, who's impacted the worst?
        
       | comrade1234 wrote:
       | Why dump the peel when you can use the entire orange to make that
       | nasty orange British drink.
        
       | MisterTea wrote:
       | > As for how the orange peels were able to regenerate the site so
       | effectively in just 16 years of isolation, nobody's entirely
       | sure.
       | 
       | We now understand that fungus plays a vital role in the soil
       | ecosystem. And given how easily fruit and vegetables rot and get
       | moldy, the orange peel mass sounds like the perfect layer for the
       | fungus to thrive in. The dead earth received a live giving
       | blanket yielding healthy soil vegetation can thrive in.
        
         | TheGRS wrote:
         | They also mentioned that invasive grass species were suppressed
         | by the orange peels which likely contributed to native plants
         | thriving better.
        
         | calf wrote:
         | They should check for new penicillin strains in this forest.
        
       | asplake wrote:
       | Previously: https://hn.algolia.com/?q=orange+peel
        
       | ethagnawl wrote:
       | It's recently occurred to me how "valuable" today's trash is
       | likely to be considered in the future. I'll focus on organics
       | here but I think the plastics will be equally valuable, too.
       | 
       | I have no idea what % of American households compost or live in
       | places which offer municipal compost pickup but I imagine it's in
       | the single digits. As evidenced by this article, compost is/can
       | be an incredibly powerful agent of change: food production,
       | habitat restoration, etc. However, most of us are putting
       | organics into refuse streams where they're likely to be burned or
       | buried in a way that's actually harmful because they release
       | methane when they decompose under those conditions. It can be a
       | bit gross and tedious to compost at home but there is a certain
       | satisfaction which comes along with it.
        
         | bdcravens wrote:
         | For those who can't or find dealing with compost a challenge,
         | there are also other options to recycle biowaste. It's a bit of
         | pricey subscription, but we have a Mill which processes most
         | food waste into chicken feed (you do have to mail the processed
         | food to them for further processing).
        
         | schrectacular wrote:
         | The thought occurred to me some 25+ years ago that today's
         | landfills will be tomorrow's mines. I hope it isn't true but
         | taking the very long view I'm afraid it will be.
        
           | kleinsch wrote:
           | Today's landfills are already used for natural gas
           | generation.
        
           | mlyle wrote:
           | We already mine landfills -- mostly for land reclamation but
           | sometimes to recover resources.
           | 
           | In the longer run, when there's been more compaction,
           | settling, and densification (and changes in what things are
           | valuable), and more need to reclaim land that was previously
           | landfilled, we will do this more.
        
             | PaulHoule wrote:
             | People sometimes build stuff on top of landfills.
        
               | salad-tycoon wrote:
               | Like ski courses!
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | Indeed, sometimes big things. The landfill we used when I
               | was growing up is now beneath a Home Depot, which was
               | built over the top of it almost 25 years ago. The
               | landfill in this case was unlined, too.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | Yup. It is a little undesirable for various reasons, and
               | not every landfill is suitable for construction on top
               | (seismics, sealing/capping technique, materials, etc).
        
               | dekhn wrote:
               | Example: Shoreline Amphitheater, near Google HQ in
               | Mountain View. Built on top of a landfill. For a while in
               | the 80s, there were occasionally small fires during shows
               | when people lit cigarettes. Google also harvested the
               | methane and used it to power some stuff, although I can't
               | find an authoritative article with details.
        
           | 6510 wrote:
           | A british inventor created a setup with two long vibrating
           | plates with ferrofluid in between. A flaky powder made from
           | garbage was dumped in on one side and came out the other end
           | beautifully separated in many layers by density. (with one
           | mixed layers in between that went back in at the beginning)
           | Innitially he "knew" it was silly to use something as
           | expensive as ferrofluid but planned to try other substances
           | if it worked. It turned out the process produced a lot more
           | ferrofluid than it used.
           | 
           | No one was interested in further research.
           | 
           | edit: I see some research is now happening.
        
         | roboror wrote:
         | Proud to report residential composting is now mandatory in NYC.
        
           | ethagnawl wrote:
           | It's doubtful that'll ever happen in Dutchess County but I
           | can dream.
        
           | IG_Semmelweiss wrote:
           | Please elaborate. From what i know based on prior research,
           | most metro (including NYC) recycling is effectively a scam.
           | How do you mandate composting in NYC ? Are you implying that
           | all buildings have now must build a 3rd chute specifically
           | for compost ? And who's picking up that compost ? NYC Trash
           | collection ?
           | 
           | I've seen compost vending machines in my visits to NYC and a
           | few other places, but i've yet anyone using them
        
             | rayiner wrote:
             | > most metro (including NYC) recycling is effectively a
             | scam. How do you mandate composting in NYC
             | 
             | Also a scam.
        
               | ethagnawl wrote:
               | In what way?
        
         | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
         | For anthropologists and archaeologists, trash/sewage is gold.
        
         | IncreasePosts wrote:
         | These machines are currently too expensive for widespread
         | adoption, but I love the electric composter I bought that I
         | keep in my garage.
         | 
         | There's no grossness or work involved. You just dump stuff in
         | it and it cooks it down to something dirt-like(nearly but not
         | quite compost ready) in less than a day.
         | 
         | I have municipal compost, but it's only picked up every 2
         | weeks, so that meant I needed to keep food scraps around for
         | two weeks before pick up, so they either would get super gross
         | and smelly, or I had to use my chest freezer to store them and
         | make that gross and smelly and dedicated to just compost.
        
         | acomjean wrote:
         | I worked for a time designing and building landfills. Nothing
         | really rots in them typically as it's really dry and don't have
         | good access to oxygen. Modern landfills are like giant plastic
         | bags. This is to protect ground water.
         | 
         | Decomposition as noted releases methane. Some landfills gather
         | it in pipes and "flare" it )burn. They have to vent the gas as
         | a full landfill is covered by a plastic cap to prevent water
         | infiltration.
         | 
         | We dug up trash from the 70s to extend the landfill out. It was
         | in remarkably good shape.
         | 
         | https://planetliner.com/landfill-cap/
        
           | tonypapousek wrote:
           | Thanks for the share, crazy that 1-2mm polyethylene is all it
           | takes to cap a landfill.
           | 
           | Practical Engineering put out an excellent video on landfills
           | a couple years back, well worth the watch for the
           | visualizations alone.
           | 
           | https://youtu.be/HRx_dZawN44
        
           | zahlman wrote:
           | > Some landfills gather it in pipes and "flare" it )burn.
           | 
           | Can useful energy be recovered from this?
        
             | hommelix wrote:
             | At some sites, the methane is burned in gas engine to
             | generate electricity. Some sites build a CHP and resales
             | the heat for district heating. The engines may need more
             | maintenance due to silicate in the gas.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | Yes, any landfill of any size is going to clean this up a
             | bit and run it through a generator. They can get contracts
             | from the utility to use so much power per week (whatever
             | the tank capacity iso and since the utility controls when
             | it is on (that is when other renewables are low) they get a
             | higher price. The details are complex, but thus is very
             | valuable green renewable (we can debate how green and
             | renewable eslewhere) energy to a utility.
        
         | PaulHoule wrote:
         | See https://www.floridatrend.com/article/14356/trashed-plan-
         | to-u...
         | 
         | St. Lucie County wanted to use a plasma torch that would have
         | converted plastic and other carboniferous waste to energy. Like
         | many other plans to do the same, it fell through
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_gasification
        
           | pstuart wrote:
           | Yeah, reminds me of Changing World Technologies -- so much
           | hope, so little reality:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changing_World_Technologies
           | 
           | In a more civilized civilization we'd be investing in making
           | these processes work. Likely there was more money to be made
           | by stakeholders to scuttle these endeavors.
        
           | robotnikman wrote:
           | Apparently that same technology is being used on newer US
           | Navy ships for waste management.
        
         | makr17 wrote:
         | California has a low-double-digit percentage of the US
         | population, and mandates organic waste separation/collection.
         | 
         | https://calrecycle.ca.gov/Organics/SLCP/collection/
        
       | arnorhs wrote:
       | Does orange peel not produce any CO2 / methane when left like
       | this? I'm assuming there is some negative carbon footprint before
       | this becomes a positive?
       | 
       | The ecological win definitely looks nice on paper, but whenever
       | people talk about compost the carbon footprint / gas emissions is
       | always at the front of people's minds, and I don't really see
       | that discussed in the article.
       | 
       | The article does say
       | 
       | > Especially since, in addition to the double-win of dealing with
       | waste and revitalising barren landscapes, richer woodlands also
       | sequester greater amounts of carbon from the atmosphere - meaning
       | little plots of regenerated land like this could ultimately help
       | save the planet.
       | 
       | How long will it take for it to cross the CO2-neutral mark? Maybe
       | a silly question, definitely not my area of expertese.
        
         | laurencerowe wrote:
         | The orange peel is going to decompose and produce CO2 either
         | way. Methane is produced when there is not enough oxygen
         | available while decomposing, which certainly seems a
         | possibility if it's dumped in big piles.
        
           | PaulHoule wrote:
           | Mostly.
           | 
           | Remember the orange trees took the CO2 out of the atmosphere
           | to make the peels. Some of it, probably most of it, is going
           | back into the atmosphere but some of it is going to become
           | soil carbon which could be retained for decades
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_carbon
           | 
           | Soil carbon is like dark matter in that there is a lot of it
           | and it is poorly understood.
        
         | dgacmu wrote:
         | You're getting downvoted but it's a reasonable question if
         | posed in good faith. The tl;dr is that there are really a few
         | options for what could happen to those orange peels:
         | 
         | (1) Landfill burial                  (1a) Without methane
         | capture and use: Produces methane, relatively high short term
         | warming potential.        (1b) With methane capture and use:
         | Ends up as CO2 after burning the methane.
         | 
         | (2) Composting (this approach)                  (2a) Mostly
         | aerobic: Produces CO2        (2b) Mostly anaerobic: Produces
         | methane
         | 
         | A deep pile that is never turned will decompose anaerobically,
         | resulting in fairly undesirable methane. A shallower pile or
         | one that is mixed well will result in mostly aerobic
         | decomposition. The aerobic decomposition will produce CO2 but
         | not huge amounts of it. Each hectare of land could absorb
         | something like ~8 tons of CO2 per year; with 7 hectares, the
         | CO2 emitted by composting 12t of oranges is going to be dwarfed
         | by the new vegetation. After a few years when you're growing
         | big trees, the rate of CO2 absorption might rise as high as
         | 20-30t/year/hectare in costa rica's environment. And this is
         | probably an underestimate, as the soil amendment of the orange
         | peels seems to have stimulated faster regrowth than would have
         | happened otherwise.
         | 
         | And perhaps more to the point: There isn't really a purely "no
         | co2" way of disposing of organic matter other than perhaps
         | burying it at the bottom of a deep mineshaft (but the co2 or
         | methane will be produced anyway). Landfilling it is strictly
         | worse - you still get the decomposition products, _or worse_
         | because you'll mostly get methane, but without producing useful
         | soil byproducts.
         | 
         | Overall this project is a huge win on a carbon perspective and
         | a waste reduction perspective.
        
           | mvdtnz wrote:
           | It's not a reasonable question. What's the alternative for
           | the orange peels? They were going to rot and release that CO2
           | whether they did it in a big pile here or somewhere else.
        
             | dgacmu wrote:
             | That's why I said if asked in good faith. :-)
             | 
             | But seriously GP could have had a mental model that
             | landfilled orange peels might sit there for a long time --
             | which depending on conditions and food could be true on
             | human scales (like 10-40 years) but not on the scale of 100
             | years. Especially if the conditions were dry -- a dry
             | orange peel is pretty robust. That's not likely to be the
             | case in Costa Rica, but I'll forgive some naivety here
             | absent demonstrated malice.
        
         | sfink wrote:
         | CO2 is going to be neutral for the peels. You're just
         | transporting it from where the oranges grew to where they were
         | dumped. The CO2 benefit is purely from the trees and other
         | biomass that grow where they wouldn't be growing before.
         | 
         | As for methane, that's a good question. Orange peels are better
         | than most things because the limonene inhibits methane
         | producing bacteria. But you'd still get quite a bit in the
         | deeper piles (that produce the anaerobic conditions needed for
         | methane production).
         | 
         | Spreading them out more would help, but might interfere with
         | the beneficial effects.
        
           | rustystump wrote:
           | I may be wrong but isnt most of the tree carbon capture over
           | stated as in the overwhelming majority comes from algae in
           | the oceans?
           | 
           | While forests are great they are not the best focus iirc
           | compared to the oceans.
        
             | nomel wrote:
             | Yes. A potential method of capture is to seed the ocean
             | with more iron [1], to help the algae.
             | 
             | I assume that China will be the first to do these sorts of
             | things, since the west will be too hogtied in regulations,
             | lawsuits, and bureaucracy.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.hawaii.edu/news/2026/02/17/ocean-iron-
             | fertilizat...
        
               | subscribed wrote:
               | China could definitely do this, to offset the minuscule
               | of the destruction they do with the dark fishing fleets
               | around (and possibly in) protected marine areas.
        
       | mrtnmcc wrote:
       | Suppose this is the article to give that person who chides you
       | for dropping an orange peel on a hike.
        
         | stronglikedan wrote:
         | life's too short for friends like that
        
           | throwway120385 wrote:
           | It's apparently long enough for me to see the same orange
           | peel in the same place over a year or two.
        
         | chunkymilk wrote:
         | It depends on where the hike is: Dropping an orange peel in a
         | humid, temperate, low-elevation place is vastly different than
         | a desert, high-alpine, tundra or other environment where
         | organics take a long time to decompose.
        
           | mrtnmcc wrote:
           | I'm mostly joking.. LNT is always the best policy, even if
           | only (sometimes) for the feeling of pristineness.
           | 
           | Honestly orange peels are incredible, the smell, the
           | robustness. It reminds me of the joke of the plastic cup at
           | Whole Foods filled with orange slices. If only there was a
           | natural packaging alternative...
        
       | Mistletoe wrote:
       | Monty Don has said before that really the best and only thing you
       | need for a great garden soil is regular addition of lots of
       | compost. This is it on a very large scale. :)
        
       | mynegation wrote:
       | They could not find the site and searched for it for years. A
       | stark reminder that civilian use of GPS is relatively recent
       | thing. The site was created in 1990s and GPS was opened for
       | civilian use only in 1995 and gained equal accuracy by
       | legislation in 2000.
        
         | zokier wrote:
         | on the other hand, basic surveying is centuries old. if you
         | lose square km patch of land, it is not due lack of technology
         | even in the previous century.
        
         | rasz wrote:
         | GPs was available for civilian use since 80s, just expensive
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_navigation_device#Hi...
        
       | jillesvangurp wrote:
       | Turning degraded land back into fertile land is actually very
       | feasible and not as hopeless as it may seem. A lot of the damage
       | people have done to landscapes in recent centuries is still
       | reversible. There are a lot of examples all over the world of
       | people turning dried out and heavily eroded land back into
       | fertile land with great bio diversity.
       | 
       | Sometimes at small scale, and sometimes at very large scale.
       | Often even just leaving it alone, and putting a stop to the
       | practices that destroyed the land, (e.g. keeping the grazers out)
       | sometimes is all that is needed. For example, a simple fence can
       | allow vegetation to re-establish itself without getting destroyed
       | by hungry deer, sheep, or whatever.
       | 
       | Once you have plants with deep roots, the land gets better at
       | retaining water and soil stops eroding away. Once the land can
       | retain water, a lot of life can make use of that. Nature tends to
       | be resilient and adaptable. There are no one size fits all
       | solutions for every landscape. But there are a lot of things that
       | have been tried that have yielded good results.
       | 
       | In any case, stuff like this is not as surprising as it seems.
       | Organic matter rots. That usually involves a lot of bacteria and
       | insects. The result is basically compost. A giant heap of compost
       | and a lot of wild seeds from neighboring grounds with a bit of
       | water is one hell of a good way to kickstart nature. Probably the
       | best decision was to leave it alone.
        
         | sophacles wrote:
         | Often you don't even need seeds from neighboring land. The soil
         | that remains often still has seeds sitting dormant waiting for
         | conditions to return to healthy.
        
           | Imustaskforhelp wrote:
           | Reading this feels like a great metaphor to life that I am
           | unable to explain but I will still try, in the sense that,
           | within a degraded land with just the right conditions, it is
           | just waiting to grow :D
        
             | bryanrasmussen wrote:
             | Life...finds a way.
        
               | Imustaskforhelp wrote:
               | This is good, I found another one to express what I was
               | feeling.
               | 
               | We are here, We are waiting.
               | 
               | - Optimus prime.
               | 
               | My interpretation is that everyone no matter how bad
               | things look from outside has hope/seeds of hope which are
               | just waiting for the right conditions.
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dJszUl1EI4A (I also feel
               | like, the ending of this movie/transformers was one of
               | the best movies and the ending still gives me goosebumps
               | in hope for future)
        
           | 6510 wrote:
           | It once struck me that it is unimaginative to assume this is
           | their first planet.
        
         | fainpul wrote:
         | As demonstrated in "The Biggest Little Farm" [1]. However it
         | took years of hard work.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8969332/
        
       | mikkupikku wrote:
       | > _Despite this promising start, the conservation experiment wasn
       | 't to last, after a rival juice manufacturer called TicoFruit
       | sued Del Oro, alleging that its competitor had "defiled a
       | national park"._
       | 
       | This is why we can't have nice things. Juice company makes
       | compost? Sued! Ford wants to pay his workers a living wage? Sued!
       | Nail lawyers to trees.
        
       | bennettnate5 wrote:
       | > Despite this promising start, the conservation experiment
       | wasn't to last, after a rival juice manufacturer called TicoFruit
       | sued Del Oro, alleging that its competitor had "defiled a
       | national park".
       | 
       | No good deed goes unpunished--wild that the competitor company
       | successfully sued them.
        
         | adammarples wrote:
         | Maybe they can now overturn that judgement
        
         | ComputerGuru wrote:
         | There's actually no guarantee that if the "experiment" were
         | allowed to continue that the results would have been as great.
         | If the biomass accumulated faster than it could be broken down,
         | we might not have seen the same result.
        
         | calf wrote:
         | Even a consequentialist should accept that it would have taken
         | 16 years to realize it was actually a good thing to do with
         | orange peels.
        
           | dessimus wrote:
           | The article says they returned after that long having
           | forgotten about the experiment. I think they would have
           | recognized there were positive results long before that if
           | someone happened to be checking in at say Year 2, 5 or 10. It
           | not like the land was still barren piles of orange peel at
           | Year 14 and then suddenly Yahtzee!
        
             | cucumber3732842 wrote:
             | Did they forget? Or did they know this would happen before
             | dumping the first peel and it simply wasn't worth the money
             | it would take to prove it in the public record?
             | 
             | Because what I bet happened is that off the public record
             | who knew their stuff said "this will happen" and then the
             | government rep said "you need to pay some sort of 3rd party
             | with a government license to weigh in on such matters an
             | obscene amount of money to produce a report that says that
             | on the public record" and it was a nonstarter so the
             | project just died and now 16yr later here we are.
        
         | nvader wrote:
         | I came here to say this, because this whole anecdote mildly
         | infuriates me.
         | 
         | I don't necessarily blame TicoFruit for their actions. They
         | might have some legitimate concerns about fairness, since their
         | competitor is now able to dispose of peels much more
         | economically.
         | 
         | But for the courts to stupidly go along with the injunction is
         | what disappoints me. A much better result for everyone in Costa
         | Rica would be if both manufacturers were allowed to dump at no
         | cost.
        
       | contingencies wrote:
       | The whole compost thing can be a lot of hassle for people. For a
       | simpler option, if you are lucky enough to have a decent garden
       | area, find somewhere away from your house and just throw biomass
       | there regularly. Coffee grinds, spent tea, leftover veg, etc. and
       | watch what happens! Sometimes simple is best.
        
         | ssl-3 wrote:
         | Indeed. I've been doing that for a quite a number of years now.
         | 
         | I just put food waste and some other compostable stuff outside
         | -- in a pile, on the ground. Currently, that pile is in a place
         | where autumn leaves tend to gather naturally.
         | 
         | And in that pile, it all composts. It turns last week's bean
         | soup into next year's hot pepper harvest.
         | 
         | It's not zero-effort but it's very close. I'll have spent more
         | time writing this comment than I have on any aspect of
         | composting over the last several months.
         | 
         | Later on, to use it in the garden, I just... use it in the
         | garden. I scoop aside the top layer with a shovel and take
         | whatever is beneath it. The plants don't seem to care that the
         | composting method is slow and lazy, or that a portion of it
         | might be somewhat unfinished.
         | 
         | (Now, to be sure: Home-scale composting can have a great deal
         | of optimization applied. Bins, aeration, deliberate
         | introduction of red worms, careful management of moisture,
         | temperature monitoring, whatever -- the sky's the limit. But I
         | have enough hobbies, and I'm not trying to market it as a
         | product or win a race here. This method keeps up with my
         | household's output just fine and doesn't take up much room at
         | all in my tiny-ass yard.)
        
         | mikkupikku wrote:
         | Ngl I didn't know there was another way to compost. The whole
         | idea is to just throw vegetable waste into a pile and let it
         | turn into dirt, isn't it?
        
         | hermitcrab wrote:
         | Rats and other undesirables can be attracted to compost. So it
         | is probably best to use a composting bin, if you can.
         | 
         | Also try to mix in some brown/carbon (leaves, shredded paper,
         | cardboard etc) with your green/nitrogen (food scraps, grass
         | cuttings etc), otherwise it can become a stinky swamp
         | (anerobic).
        
           | contingencies wrote:
           | It's possible to approach composting form a more simplistic
           | standpoint. The listed issues are mostly specific to high
           | density (eg. in a fixed bin) composting. If you spread it out
           | these problems basically go away, and so do the stinky
           | compost labor and purchasing requirements.
        
             | hermitcrab wrote:
             | Do you not have problems with rats and other vermin?
        
               | contingencies wrote:
               | No. What's 'other vermin'? We have plenty of native
               | animals. I see a few of them feeding in the area I
               | distribute organic matter, including (non-snake)
               | reptiles, turkeys, possums, butterflies, native bees,
               | spiders, etc. Lots of fungi too.
        
               | hermitcrab wrote:
               | >What's 'other vermin'?
               | 
               | Badgers, foxes, racoons etc. Depends where you live.
               | 
               | Probably should have used a better word than 'vermin'. It
               | sounds overly judgemental.
        
       | ajkjk wrote:
       | Presumably the reason this article delays showing you the
       | before/after photos is to get you to scroll and see more ads,
       | since you'll probably just close the tab after. Which sucks, but,
       | fine.
       | 
       | What really gets me is that: I scroll passed all the ads without
       | even registering them (I haven't figured out how to block ads on
       | my phone). Surely almost everybody else also does. Surely anyone
       | who clicks or seems to react to them in the data is a mistake. So
       | why is there still money, however little, in showing them? Why do
       | they even bother? Who is defrauding who here?
        
         | shrx wrote:
         | > I haven't figured out how to block ads on my phone
         | 
         | Firefox + ublock origin + consent-o-matic saves the day for me.
        
         | jdlshore wrote:
         | If you're using Safari on iOS, the "hide distracting items"
         | option accessible from the icon in the left of the URL bar
         | works really well, and it remembers your choices for your next
         | visit to the site.
        
       | FuriouslyAdrift wrote:
       | The actul study linked to the project...
       | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/rec.12565
        
       | krisroadruck wrote:
       | Avid backyard gardener here. When we moved to our new house in
       | Fort Wayne our yard was a real problem child. It was a new build
       | in an old neighborhood. All the other houses where about 40ish
       | years old. Ours had also had a 40 year old house, but at some
       | point that house was abandoned, eventually condemned and then
       | knocked down. Eventually a builder snapped up the lot and built
       | our current house. But that means the ground had been stripped of
       | topsoil and compacted all to hell not once, but 3 times in the
       | past 40 years. What was left was dead heavily compacted clay
       | subsoil. It had drainage issues in wet weather, it developed
       | crazy deep & wide cracks in dry weather, and just generally
       | didn't want to grow anything.
       | 
       | We solved it by dumping around 400 cubic yards of arborist
       | woodchips spread 12-18 inches thick over most of the yard, then
       | top dressed that with composted manure and worm castings.
       | Finally, we planted a bunch of wine cap mushroom spawn (to break
       | down the wood) and clover (to fix nitrogen and feed the fungi)
       | over the whole thing. 3 years later we have rich loamy soil that
       | drains well, is full of earth worms and grows anything we plant
       | it it.
       | 
       | TL;DR: Add tons of carbon and nitrogen into degraded soil and the
       | local fungi, bacteria and worms will turn that into good soil if
       | given sufficient time.
        
         | eudamoniac wrote:
         | Not snark: did you actually improve the soil, or did you just
         | add a bunch of good soil? How is the soil doing 2 or 3 feet
         | down?
         | 
         | I'm currently improving my soil via a series of cover crops
         | chosen to fix nitrogen and aerate soil, but it's yet to be seen
         | how well it turns out.
        
       | tbirdny wrote:
       | I'm surprised they would just throw orange peels away. There are
       | beneficial compounds in orange peels that can be extracted:
       | limonene, hesperidin, naringin, pectin, insoluble and soluble
       | fiber. Or, could be added to animal feed.
        
       | CrzyLngPwd wrote:
       | I have 45acres of low-grade agricultural land, and if someone
       | dropped 12k tons of compostable material on it, I'd be delighted.
       | 
       | Where do I sign up?
        
         | augusto-moura wrote:
         | Not sure what is the biome of the land, but you can look for
         | the work of Ernst Gotsch[1] and Syntropic Farming [1].
         | 
         | The main idea is introducing biomass in layers and heavy
         | pruning, start planting a lot of short-life plants (like grass)
         | while also planting some medium-life plants (like bushes or
         | small trees). Prune the grass on every seasonal cycle keeping
         | the cut leafs on the ground. Repeat the cycle while also
         | introducing long-life plants (like bigger trees, preferably
         | fruit-bearing trees). Another idea is having plants that seek
         | for water deep underground, those eventually bring streams and
         | creaks back to life.
         | 
         | When you understand it, the plan sounds simple, you are just
         | speeding up the natural cycles of the location, using grass to
         | fix carbon and generate biomass while other trees grow in the
         | vegetation. It is pretty impressive
         | 
         | Edit: added a better link explaining Synthropic Farming
         | 
         | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_G%C3%B6tsch
         | 
         | [2]:
         | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S254251962...
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | Ask your county extention are dnr. Different states do this
         | differently but most states have programs with experts who know
         | what works in your area and what the options are.
        
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