[HN Gopher] France pulls last gold held in US
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       France pulls last gold held in US
        
       Author : teleforce
       Score  : 546 points
       Date   : 2026-04-06 08:03 UTC (14 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.mining.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.mining.com)
        
       | carefree-bob wrote:
       | Good for France to relocate gold back to their own territory,
       | but, uh, how can this result in a 15 B gain?
       | 
       | "The overall size of France's gold reserves still remained
       | unchanged at roughly 2,437 tonnes, which are now entirely held at
       | the BdF's underground vault in La Souterraine."
       | 
       | Is this some special form of French accounting, where the gold
       | becomes more valuable when it returns to French soil?
        
         | kzrdude wrote:
         | They sold the existing holdings and bought new of equivalent
         | weight(?), so somehow they ended on profit on those moves.
        
           | tonfa wrote:
           | The profit is just realizing the gains (resetting the cost
           | basis for accounting purpose).
        
         | somenameforme wrote:
         | Over about a year they sold their 'non-standard' (seems to be
         | bars below the modern purity standards) US reserves, and
         | replaced them with new reserves purchased elsewhere which are
         | now stored in France. As the price of gold continued to rise as
         | they did this, they ended up making a bunch of dinero while
         | also centralizing their reserves.
        
           | eru wrote:
           | I don't understand this. Did they increase the overall amount
           | of gold they held?
        
             | KaiserPro wrote:
             | Sold it at the peak, and then bought it locally a few
             | months later.
        
             | rstarast wrote:
             | First sell the gold, then buy same amount at a slightly
             | lower price a bit later (on average)
        
               | xvedejas wrote:
               | > the price of gold continued to rise as they did this
               | 
               | This would mean they sold low and bought high, right?
        
               | renewiltord wrote:
               | It's because they're using European mathematics. You
               | wouldn't understand if you're American.
               | 
               | In reality the article is attempting to account for a
               | capital gain pnl accounting for taxes.
        
               | DaedalusII wrote:
               | price of gold dropped from $5500 to $4600 in the last few
               | weeks then came back. all is possible
        
               | mort96 wrote:
               | Then they didn't make money as a result of the price
               | rising, which is what the original commenter and article
               | claimed.
        
               | coldtea wrote:
               | Usually that's how you want your selling and buying
               | combos to be...
        
               | berkes wrote:
               | But the gold price has been rising (on average) a lot
               | over the period July 2025 to January 2026
        
               | tonfa wrote:
               | From the annual report, it looks like the headline number
               | (XXB gain) is just because it's realized capital gain
               | (which due to their reporting requirement appears in
               | their annual report, unlike unrealized gains).
               | 
               | They have ~same amount of gold between both years and it
               | doesn't look like they took extra market risk.
        
               | wqaatwt wrote:
               | Impossible to make anywhere close to that amount since
               | they only sold 129 tonnes
        
           | berkes wrote:
           | > As the price of gold continued to rise as they did this,
           | 
           | Seems counterintuitive to me. This would only make gains when
           | they bought the new gold before selling the old, or when
           | there's some arbitrage going on between Gold/USD, Gold/EUR
           | and USD/EUR.
           | 
           | If they first sold the old for USD, then bought the new for
           | USD, with a rising gold price, they'd miss the price-gain
           | during the time between the trades, when they held the USD.
           | It'd be a loss, not a gain.
           | 
           | If there's some arbitrage going on, then I highly doubt that
           | brings $15B gain. The differences would have to be _huge_.
           | 
           | I think the (author (AI)) writing that article is simply
           | mixing up stuff. I think this gain is not a cause-effect of
           | the conversion, merely the gains from rising gold prices on
           | the gold it holds over that period.
        
             | tux3 wrote:
             | The source is a press conference where they state the total
             | amount and total value of gold stored hasn't changed. In le
             | figaro they report the profit is due to variation in price
             | between the different transactions. Which seems to be a
             | polite way to say they took exceptional risk.
        
               | wqaatwt wrote:
               | They repatriated 129 tonnes in total, its was absolutely
               | impossible to make $15B from that since that's what 129
               | tonnes are worth in total more or less.
        
               | andyjohnson0 wrote:
               | They didn't repatriate the gold in the sense of
               | physically moving it from the US to France. Instead, they
               | sold the gold that was held in the US and used the money
               | raised to buy gold from other sources, which is held in
               | France.
               | 
               | Different gold, and two financial transactions, accounts
               | for the financial gain.
        
               | wqaatwt wrote:
               | Yes but the article implies that they somehow made 15B in
               | profit by selling the gold in US and buying an equivalent
               | amount which can't be the case.
        
               | FabHK wrote:
               | What happened was that
               | 
               | a) they bought the gold long time ago for basically
               | nothing and had it on their books valued at basically
               | nothing
               | 
               | b) they sold it now (in the US) for around $15b and thus
               | for accounting purposes realised a $15b gain
               | 
               | c) they bought it back (in France) for around $15b and
               | will have it on the book now valued at $15b.
               | 
               | The fact that the gold price rose over the course of b)
               | selling and c) buying doesn't matter (despite what the
               | article implies). That the gold price rose between a) the
               | original purchase and now b)c), that's what resulted in
               | the profit.
        
               | tonfa wrote:
               | > In le figaro they report the profit is due to variation
               | in price between the different transactions. Which seems
               | to be a polite way to say they took exceptional risk.
               | 
               | Nah it's just regular realized gain (delta between
               | acquisition price and selling price).
               | 
               | https://www.banque-
               | france.fr/fr/actualites/resultats-2025-de...
               | 
               | (so it's kinda irrelevant, it's just they have to put it
               | in their books)
        
             | wqaatwt wrote:
             | Well they has 129 tonnes in US which happens to be wroth
             | around $15B or so. Probably the author has no clue what
             | they are talking about and grossly misinterpreted..
        
           | carefree-bob wrote:
           | The French gold originally deposited by France in US reserves
           | in the 1950s was of the exact same purity as the French gold
           | now, what is meant by "non-standard" just means "not stored
           | in France".
           | 
           | If it was a lower purity, then when they sold the 129 tons,
           | they would not have obtained 129 tons of "higher purity" gold
           | and still turned a profit. They would have gotten fewer tons
           | of gold. Your logic has the wrong sign.
           | 
           | Also, the fact that gold prices are rising means when France
           | sold the gold and then purchased it later, the higher price
           | to obtain the same quantity of gold would mean they incurred
           | a loss, not a profit. Here, too, your sign is wrong.
           | 
           | Finally, at current prices, 129 tons of gold is worth $19
           | Billion dollars _in total_. It seems hard to believe that
           | short term price _declines_ (which is what is needed to turn
           | a profit) would be such that gold fell over 80% in value,
           | which is what would be needed to sell 129 tons of gold, then
           | wait a while and buy 129 tons of gold, and end up with a
           | profit equal to over 80% of the price of gold in question.
           | 
           | Moreover, rising gold prices would cause the French to earn a
           | loss, not a profit
        
         | stackbutterflow wrote:
         | It's gold only if it comes from the Dore region of France.
         | Otherwise it's just sparkling metal.
        
           | sph wrote:
           | That accent somehow migrated two characters too far.
        
             | stavros wrote:
             | Nah that's how it's spelled in French.
        
               | sph wrote:
               | True, but 'Dore' means golden, and would make for a
               | better joke.
        
               | pyrale wrote:
               | On the other hand, Dore is an actual toponym.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monts_Dore
        
               | rkomorn wrote:
               | The French part in that sentence should be the name of
               | the region (eg Dore(e) ), not "region", and if you wanted
               | to use the French spelling of "region", you'd have to say
               | "region Dore".
               | 
               | Using the French spelling of region but the wrong word
               | order doesn't make sense.
        
               | stavros wrote:
               | Ahh I see, thanks.
        
               | IAmBroom wrote:
               | There is no joke so funny and trivial that HN can't
               | overthink and criticize it.
        
               | stavros wrote:
               | Above all, we want our comedy _accurate_.
        
           | jjgreen wrote:
           | True connoisseurs prefer the metal from Lingots.
        
             | IAmBroom wrote:
             | It's in the terroir.
        
               | rkomorn wrote:
               | Better than keeping gold in the tiroir.
        
         | chii wrote:
         | Gold in hand is worth $15B in the bush?
        
         | wodenokoto wrote:
         | My guess is they buy before selling. An increasing market with
         | a large buy might increase enough to allow for a profitable
         | sell.
         | 
         | On top of this, this is physical gold, so location of the gold
         | must play into it as well.
        
         | BrtByte wrote:
         | Central banks often hold gold on their books at very old prices
        
         | omcnoe wrote:
         | It's a paper gain created by mark to book accounting treatment
         | of central bank goal reserves. Not a real economic gain.
         | 
         | The US could re-create the same "gain" by selling and
         | repurchasing their gold. Fundamentally doesn't really matter.
        
       | aucisson_masque wrote:
       | Not done for political reasons.
        
         | oyebenny wrote:
         | What makes you say that?
        
           | Ecco wrote:
           | Reading the article is what made him say that.
        
           | berkes wrote:
           | > BdF Governor Francois Villeroy de Galhau said the decision
           | to keep the new bars in Paris is "not politically motivated,"
           | as the higher-standard gold bars it bought were traded on a
           | European market.
        
             | wqaatwt wrote:
             | Well they are probably just being diplomatic, there is no
             | point in accidentally triggering the ape.
        
               | avadodin wrote:
               | "We do not do this as a political statement --we simply
               | want our gold ingots to exist next week."
               | 
               | Still, a win does signal a dumb process behind the trade
               | as the smart move would be to hedge with future options
               | and/or futures.
               | 
               | But then again, maybe they did hedge the trade and it's
               | just not the right time or place to report it.
        
               | tonfa wrote:
               | To be fair, it's an ongoing process started in 2005 and
               | which should finish in 2028. I doubt there was much
               | political (tho the whole tariffs stuff probably made
               | their job/decision easier when the gold price started
               | diverging between NY and European markets). At this point
               | it was cheaper than flying the gold to CH for recasting.
               | 
               | (1784 tons moved to standardized holding over the years,
               | 134 tons are now left to convert -- all stored in Paris)
        
         | roenxi wrote:
         | Are you suggesting they did this for technical or economic
         | reasons? Like what? Is the US charging an unreasonable storage
         | fee?
         | 
         | I'd read the article, but the site seems to be down.
        
           | arjie wrote:
           | If you search Google for "France sells US gold for 13b euro
           | gain" you'll find lots of results. The reasons provided
           | across the various articles are:
           | 
           | 1. The bars were of an old variety and therefore not standard
           | tradable.
           | 
           | 2. Transporting them, refining them, and recasting exceed the
           | cost of selling kind #1 and obtaining kind #2
           | 
           | Here's one such link though it appears there's some primary
           | source everyone is rewriting:
           | https://www.rfi.fr/en/france/20260404-french-central-bank-
           | ne...
           | 
           | It appears that the gain mentioned is a realization of their
           | asset value. I would also speculate that what happened is
           | that they wanted LBMA bars because those are a standard
           | variety and therefore easily tradable. An arbitrary LBMA bar
           | is generally fungible. I would also speculate that they held
           | many bars in the US from ancient times. After 2008, they
           | repatriated 200-ish tonnes and 'upgraded' them (which I would
           | speculate again is 'ensured they were LBMA-standard').
           | 
           | https://www.moneymetals.com/news/2024/10/05/why-france-
           | repat...
           | 
           | These articles all have the flavour of the game of telephone
           | common in this style of article where the currency that the
           | gain is in changes wording, the motivation seems to shift,
           | and phrasing lacks real detail instead relying on 'upgrading'
           | and 'refining'.
           | 
           | I wish there were a good LLM agent that were capable of
           | tracing all this back to the real original source that
           | spawned all these things, but the information environment is
           | currently full of smoke and getting real news is quite hard.
           | 
           | I can't realistically conclude whether this was politically
           | motivated or not. The original motivation is sufficiently
           | strong on its own, but it is completely normal for
           | governments to move something to be earlier, or to do a
           | marginal thing if there is other gain.
        
             | ljlolel wrote:
             | Ground news?
        
           | atombender wrote:
           | They started the process in 2005 [1]. The goal has been to
           | upgrade all their goal to modern purity standards (99.999%
           | purity). The repatriation to France may have been done for
           | national security reasons, but not political as in
           | ideological.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.banque-
           | france.fr/fr/actualites/resultats-2025-de...
        
         | wqaatwt wrote:
         | Unless one reads between the lines.
        
         | NoLinkToMe wrote:
         | And winning athletes and sports teams don't go to the white
         | house due to 'scheduling conflicts'. And Amazon paid $75m for a
         | Melania documentary because they saw real profit and need
         | there. And Qatar bought Trump an airplane because it was
         | important for his work. And everyone nominates him for a nobel
         | prize because he ends wars and doesn't get into wars (we're
         | just in a special military operation atm).
        
         | seydor wrote:
         | Of course not . absolutely definitely nothing to do with the
         | mad king (who is great and handsome)
        
         | mort96 wrote:
         | Would it count as a "political reason" if their risk management
         | calculations crossed a threshold where it's worth it to move
         | the gold back? I imagine such calculations are done and revised
         | all the time and account for the perceived stability and
         | reliability of a country.
        
           | vbezhenar wrote:
           | Russia's frozen assets probably were considered safe by the
           | similar calculations. Everything is safe until it is not.
        
             | gostsamo wrote:
             | The gas supply from Russia was announced as secure* until
             | it was not.
             | 
             | * mainly by Russia and people on their payroll that is.
        
             | mort96 wrote:
             | I don't understand what point you are making.
        
       | fenykep wrote:
       | Site doesn't load for me. https://archive.is/ePH8u
        
       | rstarast wrote:
       | This seems to be the source article (Reuters, March 24):
       | https://www.reuters.com/business/french-central-bank-books-1...
        
       | cladopa wrote:
       | This is not gain at all. At least in theory: You own some tons of
       | gold at the start of the process, you have the same tons of gold
       | at the end of the process.
       | 
       | The only real gain is that you have gold in the US custody and
       | the US can be tempted to just use it without telling you
       | anything.
       | 
       | In other words, you had "paper gold" or "virtual gold" that the
       | US can confiscate anytime, for example after invading Greenland,
       | blackmailing France to do nothing.
       | 
       | You gain custody of what is yours.
        
         | 0dayman wrote:
         | which can be the difference between losing that entire amount
         | or gaining it, and in this situation with this America, this is
         | a big win if they manage to get it back in fact, if it hasn't
         | been stolen or sold already
        
         | tgsovlerkhgsel wrote:
         | From the full press release:
         | 
         | "In 2025 and at the start of 2026, while the volume of gold
         | reserves remained unchanged, the Banque de France had to align
         | a residual portion (5%) with technical guidelines, resulting in
         | a significant realised currency gain. This exceptional foreign
         | exchange income totalled EUR 11 billion for 2025."
         | 
         | -- the keyword here likely being "realized"
        
           | mort96 wrote:
           | Is the logic that it's "unrealised" while the gold is stored
           | in the US but becomes "realised" once it is stored in Paris?
           | Why?
        
             | PaywallBuster wrote:
             | You bought it once at X price, it's realized when you sell
             | it, it's unrealized while "open"
             | 
             | If they held it for 100 years and finally sold it, then
             | profit/loss is realized now
        
               | mort96 wrote:
               | But then they bought it again. They had 129 tons of gold,
               | and now they still have 129 tons of gold. Where does the
               | realised gains come from?
        
               | emanueleo wrote:
               | They "realized" it just for a short time.
        
               | fakedang wrote:
               | The variation in gold prices in the time they carried out
               | this exchange process.
        
               | littlestymaar wrote:
               | So they had 129 tons of gold, and now they have 129 tons
               | of gold and 11 billions of euros? Sounds like a good deal
               | if so.
               | 
               | Edit: wtf is going on with you for downvoting a
               | question...
        
               | 6031769 wrote:
               | Welcome to the wonderful world of commodities trading.
        
               | sixhobbits wrote:
               | They had gold worth X to the market but X minus 11
               | billion on paper. So when France accounted for its gold
               | in euro terms they would say they have X minus 11 billion
               | Euros worth of gold.
               | 
               | Now they still have the same amount of gold but they
               | "realized" a gain of 11 billion. They don't have that
               | much cash left after the repurchase but now they say they
               | have X Euros worth of gold which is 11 billion more than
               | before.
               | 
               | So no they didn't make a profit from this as gold is
               | higher on both sides of the Atlantic than last time they
               | did their accounting updates.
        
               | littlestymaar wrote:
               | > worth X to the market but X minus 11 billion on paper.
               | 
               | Why was it worth "X minus 11 billions"?
        
               | sixhobbits wrote:
               | Probably based on the price they paid for it or when they
               | last did some kind of asset accounting to calculate the
               | Euro value of all assets held
        
               | direwolf20 wrote:
               | From paper shenanigans. Don't expect accounting
               | spreadsheets to perfectly mirror real life. Most of the
               | financial economy is kayfabe.
        
               | AnimalMuppet wrote:
               | Let's say I bought a 100-ounce gold bar in 1965, when
               | gold was $35/oz, for a total price of $3500. Let's say I
               | sold it today at $4700/oz, for a total price of $470,000.
               | That gives me a gain of $466,500.
               | 
               | And let's say that I regret it. I decide that I really
               | want to hold some gold, so I take the $470,000 and buy
               | another 100-ounce gold bar.
               | 
               | The situation was that I had a gold bar worth $470,000
               | with a taxable basis of $3500. Now the situation is that
               | I have a gold bar worth $470,000 with a taxable basis of
               | $470,000, and I owe the IRS taxes on $466,500 of capital
               | gains.
               | 
               | TL;DR: Selling and re-buying the same asset gives you the
               | accumulated gains, and resets the price basis.
        
             | cloudbonsai wrote:
             | Bank of France "transported" their reserve by selling the
             | gold held in New York, and subsequently buying the same
             | amount in European market.
             | 
             | They opted to do so because it's just more efficient. It
             | takes a lot of efforts to physically move 129 tonnes of
             | gold after all. And as a side effect of this relocation
             | project, they ended up recording a capital gain. It's
             | nothing-burger.
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | The transport would likely be quite expensive as well.
               | Lots of armed people needed to move gold around, plus
               | special vehicles.
        
               | tonfa wrote:
               | For context, in 2025H1, 480 tons where moved from CH to
               | the US (I assume originating from UK after being recast).
               | 
               | My guess is that the choice to sell rather than transport
               | was also due to using the (at the time) price divergence
               | between US and European markets. (arbitrage + not having
               | to pay transport + refining)
        
             | tonfa wrote:
             | It's just accounting terms. They have to show it in their
             | annual reports (afaiu they have to take into accounts
             | unrealized losses, and realized gains, it's the case for
             | many companies as well -- eg it came up with some Bitcoin
             | treasury companies).
        
             | raincole wrote:
             | If you buy $100,000 of RAM and just hoard them, and a
             | shortage happens, you won't update their value according to
             | their market price, until you sell them.
             | 
             | That's it. It has nothing to do with whether your RAM is
             | stored in New York or Paris.
        
               | H8crilA wrote:
               | You treat your brokerage account this way? I'm sure that
               | the retirement funds don't.
        
               | raincole wrote:
               | If you're a retail business that sells RAM then yes, this
               | is the way.
               | 
               | If you're a fund that holds RAM in some indirect manner
               | (like you hold hypothetical RAM futures) then it depends
               | on whether your country's laws ask for market-to-market
               | value for that specific kind of security.
        
               | IAmBroom wrote:
               | France didn't pay taxes on the gold, so it didn't keep it
               | "on the books" at decades-old prices. It tracked the
               | real-time value.
               | 
               | However, that doesn't mean there isn't profit possible,
               | even over a supposedly super-liquid asset like gold.
        
             | seanhunter wrote:
             | No. Firstly the gain is to a certain extent a matter of
             | accounting. The most accurate method of accounting is "mark
             | to market". So if you have some gold and you think in
             | dollars, then every day you look at how much gold you have
             | and you look at the price of gold in dollars, you multiply
             | the two and the difference between that value and the value
             | you got to the previous day is your "mark to market
             | pnl".[1] This means you have a very accurate valuation for
             | your asset but the downside of this approach is that your
             | pnl is very volatile as the gold price moves around. This
             | is the approach taken for most assets by most wall st
             | firms. In fact at JPMC and Goldman it's not stretching a
             | point too far to say mark to market is nearly a religion.
             | In this methodology there is no such thing as "unrealised"
             | pnl.
             | 
             | Another approach is "historical cost" or "cost basis"
             | accounting. In this approach you officially hold assets at
             | the price you bought them, and only realise pnl when you
             | dispose of them. This means you don't get pnl volatility
             | from marking to market and then you get a big lump of pnl
             | when you sell.[2] Until you sell or otherwise crystalize
             | the pnl, the profit is "unrealised", which is just an
             | imaginary amount that you may or may not get but you look
             | at in your brokerage statement and smile if it's green or
             | frown if it's red. The advantage of this method is you
             | don't get the pnl volatility and you can wait until an
             | advantageous moment to take the profits. The downside is if
             | you want to, you can deceive yourself by holding these
             | assets at a valuation that is unrealistic and store up pnl
             | pain for the future. This methodology caused a lot of
             | problems in the 2008 crisis with institutions holding bonds
             | at prices that they could never hope to sell them.[3]
             | 
             | "Moving" the gold from NYC to Paris may not (for practical
             | reasons) have involved actually physically taking the bars
             | from one place to another. They may have found a buyer in
             | NYC and then bought some bars on the IME in London and had
             | them delivered to Paris. (This would clearly have required
             | crystalizing the profit if they were holding them at
             | historical cost). It sounds from a brief read of the
             | article as if the bars were in some non-standard format so
             | they may have had them melted down and recast, which would
             | have required an assay and so would have triggered a new
             | valuation, realising the profit. Assuming they were holding
             | them at historical cost, which it sounds like they were.
             | 
             | [1] Technically, if you sell some gold during the day, then
             | the pnl on the portion you sold is "trading pnl" and the
             | pnl on the remainder is "mark to market" but whatever. It's
             | pretty much the same for the French reserve bank which has
             | gold and thinks in EUR, except they not only have gold MTM
             | pnl but also FX pnl in the EUR/USD rate (because gold
             | prices in USD but they think in EUR).
             | 
             | [2] Or do some other event which requires valuation. There
             | are rules about this kind of thing.
             | 
             | [3] When Lehman collapsed they had bonds marked at 100 that
             | were trading at less than 40 cents. One weekend I'll never
             | forget I got a call from a very senior partner and was
             | asked to value the European part of that portfolio as part
             | of the US regulators frantic attempts to find a buyer for
             | Lehman before the market opened.
        
         | bamboozled wrote:
         | It's more of a loss for the USA, which IMO is the unwritten
         | point of the article.
         | 
         | France upgraded their gold bars to a new standard and as they
         | were doing that, gold has appreciated massively in price, so
         | France has the new shiny easier to trade bars, and the USA has
         | the old harder to trade bars.
        
           | tux3 wrote:
           | They can be melted and brought to the modern standard, which
           | is what they did with the rest of their holdings on the old
           | continent. They sold these only because it was cheaper than
           | transporting it.
        
             | bamboozled wrote:
             | I doubt recasting them is cheap?
        
         | coldtea wrote:
         | As @somenameforme wrote:
         | 
         | [] they sold their 'non-standard' (seems to be bars below the
         | modern purity standards) US reserves, and replaced them with
         | new reserves purchased elsewhere which are now stored in
         | France. As the price of gold continued to rise as they did
         | this, they ended up making a bunch of dinero while also
         | centralizing their reserves.
         | 
         | sounds like a gain to me.
        
           | mort96 wrote:
           | A gain of $15b? That's roughly the value of 100 metric tons
           | of gold, remarkably close to the 129 tons that the article
           | says was moved... did they double the value of their gold?
        
             | mhluongo wrote:
             | When something is "realized" is a matter of accounting. It
             | means to make the change, they sold the gold fo currrency,
             | then bought it back. For many of us, realizing a gain is
             | when taxes happen, though I'm not sure what it means for a
             | nation state.
             | 
             | https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/realizedprofit.asp
        
               | mort96 wrote:
               | So they could sell it again and buy it again and realise
               | another $15b?
        
               | atombender wrote:
               | No, there wouldn't be any gains to realize -- unless the
               | gold price went up since they bought it, of course.
               | 
               | If you buy something for $10 and sell at $15, you
               | realized a gain of $5. If you then buy at $15 and sell it
               | at $15, you realized a gain of $0.
        
             | coldtea wrote:
             | That's an orthogonal matter (if the gain/loss was
             | calculated correctly).
             | 
             | But they didn't just move gold bars around, is my point,
             | and in what they did (sold, rebuy) there indeed was an
             | opportunity to make a gain.
        
         | michaelt wrote:
         | Assets like this are one of the complexities in calculating
         | national import and export figures.
         | 
         | For example, imagine there's some German-owned gold in a UK
         | bank vault, the owners sell it to a UK broker who sells it to a
         | Chinese investor? The physical bars don't move, but on paper
         | it's been imported to the UK then exported.
         | 
         | But a lot of people looking at export figures are expecting to
         | learn things about the manufacturing industry, and picturing
         | exports as washing machines, cars and computer chips - which
         | imply lots of well paid jobs for skilled labour. So the UK
         | reports import/export figures with 'non-monetary gold' listed
         | separately.
         | 
         | (The fact flows of gold are highly volatile allows a classic
         | bit of political sleight-of-hand - if you include gold, UK
         | exports are both up and down since Brexit, depending on the
         | pair of dates you choose)
        
         | daneel_w wrote:
         | Paper/virtual gold perhaps bought ages ago at a far lower price
         | point, now turned into real, solid gold in parity with today's
         | price point. To me this sounds like the implied gain.
        
           | IAmBroom wrote:
           | If it were that simple, the gain would be much more. Gold
           | sold at $35/troy ounce then; over $4000 now.
           | 
           | EDIT: Wow, gold prices!
        
         | echelon_musk wrote:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=47659007
        
         | Rexxar wrote:
         | It's probably just a technical accounting update. Old assets
         | are often kept valued at their buy price and not reevaluated
         | every year to avoid taxes (Banque de France is not exempt from
         | taxes). As they swap a type of gold by another and do a
         | sell/buy action, the new gold is valued to current market price
         | while the old one was valued in accounting at an old value.
         | 
         | They had a deficit last year, so they can probably avoid to pay
         | tax this year by balancing last year loss with this year
         | profit.
        
         | ur-whale wrote:
         | > This is not gain at all. At least in theory: You own some
         | tons of gold at the start of the process, you have the same
         | tons of gold at the end of the process.
         | 
         | Correct. A better way to put it is you shorted the USD. Which
         | is a smart move at any rate. So a gain indeed.
        
         | w4yai wrote:
         | u mad bro ?
        
         | _heimdall wrote:
         | The concept of "paper" assets isn't specifically about whether
         | you hold physical custody of the asset, its whether the asset
         | exists at all.
         | 
         | If the US holds 100 tons of gold on behalf of another country
         | and possesses that full amount, it isn't paper gold.
         | 
         | Derivatives are where paper assets come into play. You buy the
         | right to own 100 tons, for example, and whoever owes you that
         | either owns only a fraction of their total liability or plans
         | to buy it when delivery is requested. That's an over
         | simplification of a much more complex market, but the key is
         | that "paper gold" owed doesn't exist in the full amount.
        
         | BrtByte wrote:
         | The article isn't saying they magically created value out of
         | nowhere
        
         | Galanwe wrote:
         | > This is not gain at all. At least in theory: You own some
         | tons of gold at the start of the process, you have the same
         | tons of gold at the end of the process.
         | 
         | I see a lot of comments like this but I just can't get my head
         | around what you are trying to prove (or disprove).
         | 
         | Every definition of gain (or loss for that matter) implies that
         | the same amount of _something_ is now worth more (or less) than
         | when you bought it.
         | 
         | Following you logic, if I buy a share of MSFT at $10, sell it
         | for $100, there is no gain because I still have 1 share of
         | MSFT?
        
           | conorcleary wrote:
           | but you sold it...
           | 
           | (I know share rehypothication exists, but it shouldn't)
        
             | Galanwe wrote:
             | Even if you rebuy it at $100 it's the same, your profit
             | didn't change, you just exchanged cash for an asset.
             | 
             | Before you sold it you had unrealized gains, after you sold
             | it you had realized gains, after you bought it again you
             | have the same gains but materialized as shares.
        
         | stephbook wrote:
         | > The only real gain is that you have gold in the US custody
         | and the US can be tempted to just use it without telling you
         | anything.
         | 
         | What if you're at war, you can't risk to get your gold out and
         | the US doesn't sell you anything because.. you can't pay?
         | 
         | If your solution is to "write France's debt on a piece of paper
         | and hope they honor it", I've got some news to tell you about
         | the system you just "invented."
        
       | tonfa wrote:
       | On that topic, video about the underground vault:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=txyKenOq5Pw
        
         | dbdr wrote:
         | Thanks for sharing this little hidden gem!
        
       | wolvoleo wrote:
       | We in Holland should do the same but our government (especially
       | the right wing VVD) adores the US so they never bothered :(
        
         | Avalaxy wrote:
         | The netherlands as a whole should do this. Not just holland.
        
           | wolvoleo wrote:
           | Oh yes that's what I mean. I don't like calling it the
           | Netherlands.
        
             | ur-whale wrote:
             | > Oh yes that's what I mean. I don't like calling it the
             | Netherlands.
             | 
             | it was tongue-in-cheek dude.
             | 
             | literal people are a hoot.
        
               | wolvoleo wrote:
               | True everyone loves hooters :3
        
             | ezst wrote:
             | Why not?
        
               | ezequiel-garzon wrote:
               | I'm curious about this too. I thought saying "we in
               | Holland" was equivalent to "we in England" rather than
               | "we in the UK". Is it acceptable in the Netherlands? (Or
               | maybe just in Holland proper?)
        
               | wolvoleo wrote:
               | Oh there's just some stupid 'rebranding' going on.
               | https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-news-from-
               | elsewhere-49921029
               | 
               | As I hate our government I don't play by their rules.
               | 
               | Besides, Holland is shorter and easier to pronounce.
        
               | racl101 wrote:
               | I kid you not one time I saw the Netherlands spelled as:
               | The 'Neanderthals' . I had such a good laugh. Almost
               | choked on my coffee.
        
               | ezst wrote:
               | I obviously don't have a horse in this race, but this
               | seems... more correct this way? And with Holland being a
               | region (or two) and not the majority of the territory,
               | how do the Dutch not living in Holland feel about it? It
               | would seem like referring to Canada as "Quebec", way to
               | piss-off the non quebecers...
        
               | racl101 wrote:
               | I just called them the Dutches. lol
        
       | codethief wrote:
       | Is anyone here actually reading the article? Yes, they really
       | made a gain of $15B:
       | 
       | > But instead of refining and transporting the gold, it opted to
       | sell the bars and purchase new bullion in Europe. [...] Due to
       | rising gold prices, the move helped the bank to generate a
       | capital gain of 13 billion euros ($15 billion),
        
         | mort96 wrote:
         | This doesn't make sense. If they first sold the bars held in
         | the US, then the gold prices rose, then they bought gold in
         | Europe, how the hell did that amount to a capital gain of $15b?
         | How exactly do prices rising over the course of the process
         | lead to these $15b?
        
           | huhtenberg wrote:
           | Gold is down 10+% since its recent peak. They likely sold
           | then and repurchased later.
        
             | mort96 wrote:
             | Then they made money thanks to gold prices fluctuating, not
             | thanks to gold prices rising?
             | 
             | And how does a 10% market shift lead to gaining $15b,
             | roughly the value of 100 tons of gold, from the sale and
             | re-purchase of 129 tons of gold?
             | 
             | This math ain't mathing.
        
               | danparsonson wrote:
               | Other costs? Deviations in the actual figures from the
               | estimates we're using here? 100 is not a million miles
               | away from 129.
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | It's more that the english ain't parsing, for some at
               | least.
               | 
               | The mining.com quote is classic weasel phrasing,
               | seemingly meaningful yet disturbingly ambiguous:
               | Due to rising gold prices, the move helped the bank to
               | generate a capital gain of 13 billion euros ($15
               | billion), bringing it to a net profit of 8.1 billion
               | euros for the 2025 financial year after a net loss of 7.7
               | billion euros in 2024.
               | 
               | So, the move _helped_ the bank generate ...
               | 
               | Just as, say, one guy helped four others push a car back
               | up on the road.
               | 
               | We've been given, accurately or not .. likely true,
               | figures on how the bank did over a period, we've also
               | been told the gold movements helped with that ... so they
               | almost certainly kicked in at least $1.
        
           | samus wrote:
           | Dumpling $15B on the market should lead to a drop. Anyway,
           | the gold price is not always going up.
        
             | mort96 wrote:
             | The claim is that rising gold prices lead to gains of $15b.
             | As in they started with 129 tons of gold in the US, then
             | they sold that and bought gold in Europe, and in the end,
             | due to rising gold prices, they had 129 tons of gold in
             | Paris plus $15b extra cash. Please explain a hypothetical
             | course of events which makes this plausible.
             | 
             | Keep in mind that 129 tons of gold is worth just a bit more
             | than $15b, so small market fluctuations on the scale of 10%
             | isn't enough by itself.
        
               | sumanthvepa wrote:
               | They purchased 129 tons of gold in Europe. Their asset
               | position did not change: they converted cash to gold of
               | the same value.
               | 
               | They then sold the 129 tons gold in the US vaults for $16
               | billion. That gold was originally purchased I'm guessing
               | many decades ago for $1 billion. The have a book profit
               | of $15 billion and still have 129 tons of gold.
               | 
               | They captured some of the appreciation in gold value as a
               | realised profit on their books.
               | 
               | Their balance sheet did not change, just their income
               | statement
        
               | samus wrote:
               | Very succinctly stated, thank you!
        
           | codethief wrote:
           | First thought: Maybe they bought the gold first? Or the gold
           | price was at a temporary high when they sold it?
           | 
           | Second thought: The numbers don't seem to check out: 129t are
           | 4,147,456.307 troy ounces (1 troy ounce = 31.1034768 g). The
           | total gains of 15e9 USD would thus correspond to gains of
           | $3,616.68 per troy ounce, which seems excessively high, given
           | that today's gold price is at ~$4,712. Even if they sold
           | everything at the current all-time high of $5,589.38 on
           | January 28 (and that's a big if), they would have had to buy
           | for not more than $1,972.70, a price we last had in fall
           | 2023.
           | 
           | They must have had an exceptional crystal ball!
        
             | FabHK wrote:
             | Unless their cost base was around $1000 per troy ounce or
             | less, as it was before 2010.
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | Gold prices probably went up due to turmoil in middle east.
        
           | erikerikson wrote:
           | Imagine they bought the gold in the US for 1b and sold for
           | 16b. Yes they turned around and purchased 16b of order gold
           | immediately but there's was still a transaction where they
           | sold an asset for more than they bought it.
        
             | whamlastxmas wrote:
             | If you bought your house for $500k 20 years ago, sold it
             | today for a million, then bought it again tomorrow for a
             | million, would you describe that to your friends as having
             | just made $500k? Like yes in the most pedantic technical
             | accounting way it's a gain. In spirit I would call this an
             | unrealized gain
        
               | erikerikson wrote:
               | No but I read the article and that was the way it
               | described the gain.
        
               | throwaway34903 wrote:
               | Sure in the spirit it's an unrealized gain but wouldn't
               | the tax man consider it a realized $500K capital gain?
               | seemingly this is would be the more appropriate way of
               | categorizing it?
        
               | plaidfuji wrote:
               | No, you'd remark that your house has appreciated in value
               | over the past 20 years. But you wouldn't have realized
               | any of that gain until you sold the house - the point
               | being that the realization is the actual taxable event,
               | which is why it matters from the pedantic technical
               | accounting POV. The fact that you turned around and
               | bought another house just means you're doing something
               | new with your realized gains. Now you have a new cost
               | basis. Maybe that's what you're saying with "unrealized
               | gain" though.
        
         | adastra22 wrote:
         | Did they buy before selling? Otherwise that doesn't make sense.
        
           | lljk_kennedy wrote:
           | Sell at high, buy at low?
        
           | samus wrote:
           | The gold price is fluctuating. It doesn't always go up.
        
         | worldvoyageur wrote:
         | The US gold would have been on the books at the original
         | purchase price, so something like US$35 from 1910 (when a penny
         | had a purchasing power of 38 cents now). Having deemed it more
         | efficient to sell that gold and buy the same amount to replace
         | it, the new gold is on the books at the 2026 purchase price. As
         | the 2026 money price is far higher than the 1910 price, the
         | value on the books shows a dramatic realized capital gain.
         | 
         | No gain would have shown for the gold that was simply moved,
         | even though in this case the buying and selling was simply a
         | more efficient way of doing the equivalent of moving the gold.
         | 
         | Gold that was simply moved wouldn't show the same gain.
        
           | codethief wrote:
           | That makes more sense, thank you! Though do gold assets on
           | the books really never get adjusted? I guess that's up the
           | central bank to decide but I would find it surprising.
        
             | worldvoyageur wrote:
             | It's the rules of how they must account for the value of
             | the gold they have. Gold is valued at the price paid. Then,
             | it is valued at the price sold. If there is no sale for
             | more than a century, it stays on the books at the price
             | paid. Once a transaction happens, the numbers update. Then,
             | the gain that everyone knows is there is 'realized'. It's
             | like if you mined Bitcoin in the early days. Your gain is
             | only 'realized' when you actually sell it. Until then, it
             | is only theoretical.
             | 
             | Mark-to-market accounting systems are one way to deal with
             | this quirk, but they create their own issues.
        
               | codethief wrote:
               | What I was trying to get at is that there are other ways
               | to update asset valuations besides daily (market-to-
               | market) and once (price paid) - those are just the
               | extreme ends of a spectrum. What makes sense really
               | depends on the asset class and how long you're holding
               | the positions. As for "It's the rules", I'm aware that
               | there are strict accounting rules for companies and
               | regular banks, but do those really apply to the central
               | bank in the exact same way? (A central bank typically
               | operates on a much longer time scales.)
        
               | IAmBroom wrote:
               | If the central bank doesn't follow rules, who would trust
               | it? The central bank's entire purpose is to put national
               | trust into individual banks; both assuring investments
               | (accounts) and establishing base (prime) loan rates.
               | 
               | A central bank answers directly to the government, not
               | the judiciary. But it still answers to power, and follows
               | established rules.
        
               | codethief wrote:
               | I'm not saying it shouldn't follow rules, I said the
               | rules might be _different_.
               | 
               | A balance sheet becomes pointless if some assets are
               | valued at today's prices, while other assets are valued
               | at their price from 100 years ago.
        
             | omcnoe wrote:
             | Mark to market versus mark to book accounting for central
             | bank gold reserves is an endless source of crank adjacent
             | debates.
        
         | nashashmi wrote:
         | Is that what led to gold price falling?
        
           | FabHK wrote:
           | [delayed]
        
         | Finnucane wrote:
         | Actually reading the comments first because the page isn't
         | loading for me.
        
         | BrtByte wrote:
         | I think the confusion is that both statements can be true
         | depending on what you mean by "gain"
        
         | navigate8310 wrote:
         | You sell in country A and buy the *same quantity* in country B.
         | You were just lucky that the gold you bought a century ago was
         | rocketing to Mars.
        
       | KingOfCoders wrote:
       | Germany also needs to pull all gold. We have 1236t there.
        
         | zelphirkalt wrote:
         | Would be good to not depend on the US that much any longer,
         | since they have proven to be such an unreliable "partner". Even
         | in a non-Trump future one cannot rely upon some future election
         | not resulting in some similar disaster. Better to pull out,
         | before some hothead gets weird ideas about that gold.
        
           | vasco wrote:
           | Maybe the fact that US soldiers and military bases exist
           | inside Germany's borders is slightly more important than
           | where the gold is. First regain your sovereignty, I'd say.
        
             | zelphirkalt wrote:
             | I am guessing that these bases are one of the last things
             | to go. Would be a major diplomatic incident. But then again
             | Trump creates those for breakfast, so who knows when we
             | finally have had enough.
        
             | samus wrote:
             | The USA is threatening to pull out of NATO anyway, so those
             | might go away.
        
             | praptak wrote:
             | Nothing wrong with going for the low hanging fruit first.
        
             | KingOfCoders wrote:
             | Yes, close Ramstein and close Landstuhl, which were used
             | for every US war in the Middle East in the last 30 years.
        
         | Havoc wrote:
         | With the way the US is going that might just end up in a gold
         | trump statue instead
        
           | inglor_cz wrote:
           | But that statue would rotate to face the sun!
           | 
           | If Turkmenistan can have it, why not the US?
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrality_Monument
           | 
           | (Though it no longer rotates.)
        
         | sschueller wrote:
         | There was that whole spiel of Elon and Trump going to Fort Knox
         | to see if the gold was still there, What ever happened to that?
        
           | stevenwoo wrote:
           | I'm pretty sure Trump thought or heard mention of Minchin
           | (first Trump Treasury Secretary) visit to Fort Knox in 2017
           | recent to that comment and just blurted out the first thing
           | that came to his mind - like most of his off the cuff
           | remarks, it doesn't make any sense on close examination but
           | appeals to MAGA supporters.
        
             | groundzeros2015 wrote:
             | The doesn't answer the question.
        
               | stevenwoo wrote:
               | Like most off the cuff Trump remarks - it made headlines
               | for a while but _nothing_ came of it, it's not in Project
               | 2025 and Musk fell out of favor with Trump for whatever
               | reason. The combo of Musk and Trump was just dry kindling
               | for the forest fire of baseless conspiracy theories with
               | no founding in reality - like "omg, government
               | incompetence lost the gold, Biden stole the gold after
               | Trump didn't lose in 2020" since Minchin told Trump what
               | he saw in 2017 and Minchin posted interior photos of Knox
               | with his wife at the time on social media. Since it
               | disappeared from news after the remark and there is no
               | one in current Trump admin who would pass up an
               | opportunity for internet karma, a reasonable person can
               | conclude it was just another bit of flooding the zone
               | with information - credit where credit is due - several
               | strategies executed by Trump that were outlined in
               | Jacques Ellul seminal book - Propaganda.
        
         | ur-whale wrote:
         | > Germany also needs to pull all gold. We have 1236t there.
         | 
         | They had better act fast, before an executive order prevents
         | that from ever happening.
        
           | okanat wrote:
           | US also has gold reserves and investments in Germany. They
           | can be seized.
        
       | fasdfplasjk5425 wrote:
       | Looks like we're at the beginning of
       | 
       | FBRICS
        
         | praptak wrote:
         | EUBRICS, but it also includes Canada but not Russia and it's
         | really more like "sane countries readjusting their politics
         | against a mad ape".
        
       | shevy-java wrote:
       | Considering how Project2025 declared Europeans as enemy, it
       | really is time to focus on more reliable partners than the
       | current (and most likely future) USA version. Trump is a war-
       | president - when he babbles about what Project2025 tells him to
       | say, he stumbles over his own lies increasingly so, most likely
       | because his brain no longer works that well. The recent "we can
       | not extend health care and social care because we must wage wars"
       | was kind of a slip-up of the real agenda - not that this is a
       | real secret either, but even folks who voted for Trump thinking
       | he cares about him (as if billionaires care about other people
       | ever), should now realise the path the USA has decided to walk.
       | ICE shooting down US citizens also show this - you protest, you
       | get shot.
        
         | enoint wrote:
         | It has more to do with Putin than any of that. Trump says he
         | and Putin "went through a hell of a lot" together. Values
         | inverted at last year's Munich security conference, and the US
         | advised Europe to just lay back and take it. Then, Greenland.
        
       | RobotToaster wrote:
       | At least they got their gold this time.
       | 
       | The last time they asked for their gold back Nixon "temporarily"
       | ended the convertibility of the USD to gold.
        
         | kccqzy wrote:
         | It's exactly the opposite. Last time France was trying to
         | exchange USD to gold. This time France was selling gold
         | presumably exchanging gold to USD in New York.
        
       | PowerElectronix wrote:
       | I doubt the claim, honestly. Such an institution would never buy
       | and sell to trade the market, they probably never stopped being
       | exposed to gold by buying and selling simultaneously and the 15b
       | is the realized gain of the sold gold, which is only in paper as
       | they still hold the gold.
        
         | ur-whale wrote:
         | > Such an institution would never buy and sell to trade the
         | market
         | 
         | This is not what they're doing.
         | 
         | They're just re-asserting their sovereignty over their
         | property, a smart move in the current geopolitical climate.
         | 
         | I'm actually surprised the utter dumbass they have at the helm
         | over there managed to cook up such a smart move.
        
       | u1hcw9nx wrote:
       | >However, an operation to repatriate its gold holdings began in
       | the 1960s leading up to the US termination of the Bretton Woods
       | system, which effectively stopped foreign governments from
       | exchanging dollars for gold.
       | 
       | French-US monetary history after WWII:
       | 
       | Under the Bretton Woods agreement (1944-1971), the US dollar was
       | the world's reserve currency, and it was pegged to gold at $35
       | per ounce. Other countries pegged their currencies to the dollar.
       | 
       | around 1965, De Gaulle initiated a systematic, aggressive policy
       | where they converted USD into physical gold every time French
       | acquired USD from trade, then French Navy picked those gold
       | bullions from NY. By 1971, the US gold reserves had decreased so
       | much that they did not cover the dollars circulating globally and
       | Nixon "closed the gold window,"
        
         | hypeatei wrote:
         | De Gaulle was ahead of his time. He was very skeptical of the
         | control that the US had over Europe through NATO. He left the
         | alliance to build an independent French nuclear program which
         | is paying dividends today amid the current leadership situation
         | in the US.
        
           | c7b wrote:
           | He also called Brexit before the UK had even joined.
        
             | stingraycharles wrote:
             | I think that is the part that the parent is referring to.
        
             | corford wrote:
             | IIRC, De Gaulle & Churchill proposed a UK-FR union at one
             | point (1940?) but it didn't get sufficient support within
             | the French government. Interesting to ponder what the war
             | and later EU trajectories might have looked like if that
             | had happened.
        
               | philistine wrote:
               | That union was a last ditch effort to try and keep France
               | in the war. If they had implemented it, it would have
               | been undone once the nazis were beaten you can be sure.
        
               | thmsths wrote:
               | From my recollection, the plan was to grant French
               | citizenship to every British citizen and vice versa, in
               | effect "forcing" the governments to defend their citizens
               | to the end. This was very ambitious, hence why it
               | probably did not happen. But if it had happen, I have a
               | hard time seeing how it could be undone, stripping people
               | of their citizenship, even if they have a second one is
               | no trivial matter.
        
               | UncleSlacky wrote:
               | It was suggested again in 1956 in the context of the Suez
               | crisis:
               | 
               | http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6261885.stm
        
               | weitendorf wrote:
               | That was also a last-ditch effort to maintain pre-WW2
               | geopolitical structures rather than a bipolar US-sphere
               | vs Soviet-sphere world. Note that this was basically the
               | nail in the coffin that led to their full-fledged
               | decolonization in the following years. At the time the UK
               | still held very significant military and political sway
               | over the middle east, east africa, and asia
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empire#/media/File:
               | Bri...
        
           | byroot wrote:
           | Nitpick, but France never left NATO proper, only the
           | integrated command, and reintegrated it in 2008 under
           | Sarkozy.
        
             | simgt wrote:
             | Sarkozy, who renamed what descended from De Gaulle's party
             | into "Les Republicains" because of his obsession for the
             | US. Who also got sponsored by Gaddafi, and invited him to
             | pitch his tent in the Elysee's garden. And who ten years
             | ago was still spewing climate change denial crap. He
             | probably still would, but he's too busy talking about how
             | his 10 days in prison was the most atrocious experience a
             | human being had to endure.
             | 
             | Funny how much his pathetic 5 years in office keep on
             | giving.
        
           | throw0101c wrote:
           | Certainly debatable.
           | 
           | De Gaulle started this 'policy' in 1965 and it's mainly the
           | current leadership situation that's been a problem--60 years
           | later. So to a certain extent the policy in question was
           | 'wrong' for decades. How "right" can you really consider them
           | when it was a problem year after year, decade after decade:
           | 
           | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henny_Penny
           | 
           | It reminds me of the folks that keep saying there will be a
           | major crash on Wall Street year after year after year... and
           | then it just happens to be occur.
           | 
           | * https://awealthofcommonsense.com/2023/12/rich-author-poor-
           | re...
        
             | c7b wrote:
             | In what sense was the policy wrong? Emphasizing
             | independence when it comes to security doesn't strike me as
             | self-evidently wrong. Curious to hear your arguments. "They
             | were very happy about it 60 years later" alone isn't
             | evidence of it being wrong.
        
             | dkga wrote:
             | I disagree. It was a right policy in the sense that it
             | bought France an insurance policy that essentially no other
             | Western country has. Like all insurance policies, you hope
             | to be wrong, but when the time comes, you are protected
             | from some of the worse case scenarios.
        
               | throw0101c wrote:
               | Yes, this is the debatable part: the policy is "wrong"
               | for 60 years and extracted a cost to France over those
               | years (at least when it came to nuclear weapons?).
               | 
               | There _just happened_ to be a whacko that got into the
               | White House, but if ~70k (out of  >100M) had gone the
               | other way in 2016, Hillary Clinton would have won and the
               | world would be a different place. (See also ~500 votes in
               | Bush versus Gore.)
               | 
               | I'd be curious to know the 'insurance premium' that was
               | paid by France every year and the total.
        
               | slfnflctd wrote:
               | > There just happened to be a whacko that got into the
               | White House
               | 
               | My counter to this is that such an occurrence was
               | increasingly likely starting around the time the massive
               | US Evangelical base was essentially fully captured by
               | (and became a wing of) the Republican party. It was more
               | and more obvious over a period of at least 40 of those 60
               | years you mention.
        
             | wat10000 wrote:
             | If you prepare for a crash to happen on September 23rd,
             | you're a fool. You can't point to a crash that happens a
             | year later and say you got it right.
             | 
             | But if you prepare for a crash to happen at some point,
             | that's just good sense. Only a fool would think that there
             | would never be a crash. If you arrange your finances to
             | withstand a crash, and there's eventually a crash, then
             | that was the right thing to do even if it took a long time.
             | 
             | Ensuring the independence of your nation is more of the
             | second kind. And it pays off even when there isn't an
             | outright crisis. The policy wasn't "wrong" for decades. It
             | was fine the whole time.
        
           | dboreham wrote:
           | Time to make the "De Gaulle was Right about everything"
           | baseball cap.
        
             | kergonath wrote:
             | Let's not get carried away. He was also wrong about many
             | things. He was a good strategist, which was useful during
             | WWII and helped France massively in the post-war years. His
             | domestic policies were very much a mixed bag. He was not
             | exactly authoritarian, but built himself a strong
             | presidential political system. Which would have been fine
             | if he had been right all the time, but he was not.
        
             | UncleSlacky wrote:
             | Or a "De Gaulle Apology Form":
             | 
             | https://i.redd.it/opw3zv6x4qke1.png
        
           | doe88 wrote:
           | > to build an independent French nuclear program
           | 
           | For which France was helped by the UK, so it certainly would
           | make sense if France helped the europe and uk to build its
           | own nuclear deterrence.
        
             | aubanel wrote:
             | That was a cooperation, both sides benefitted. So there's
             | no debt to repay.
        
           | mistrial9 wrote:
           | France is currently contacting selected partners to build a
           | collective nuclear weapon coalition, probably focusing on
           | Norway due to their location and recent oil wealth. Given
           | recent events, reasonable people may disagree strongly on the
           | directions that is leading.
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | De Gaulle of this man.
        
           | iamsomewalrus wrote:
           | Underrated comment
        
         | ur-whale wrote:
         | > De Gaulle initiated a systematic, aggressive policy where
         | they converted USD into physical gold
         | 
         | The dude was a visionary for many things, but I didn't know
         | about this. Borderline prescient. What a guy.
        
           | okanat wrote:
           | Just like the majority of the classical economists and
           | policymakers, you would call him a blithering idiot and
           | overzealous nationalist two decades ago. It was thought that
           | this kind of behavior caused world-wars. I mean it did cause
           | them. It is just we're speed running the next one that
           | changed the narrative.
        
             | Iulioh wrote:
             | This behavior is economically inefficient, that's why it's
             | criticized. And it's undeniable
             | 
             | But the point is that "economical efficiency" is not the
             | only metric that matters, stability and power do not come
             | cheap.
        
               | ivell wrote:
               | I think many academics are often specialized in one area
               | of their expertise and overfit in that dimension.
               | Journalists pick this up and promote those views a bit
               | too much. This results in non-optimal decisions due to
               | skewed public perceptions.
               | 
               | We need to promote holistic thinking considering multiple
               | dimensions and not just one where academics are
               | proficient in.
        
               | Iulioh wrote:
               | The problem is that there isn't simply an efficient
               | solution for everything. At one point every problem has
               | solutions with pros and cons
               | 
               | France could do it as it is a rich and big country but
               | smaller countries do not have a viable choice. This
               | reasoning could have been applied to France too in
               | another universe.
               | 
               | It's a balance impossible to totally tilt one way or
               | another.
               | 
               | So no amount of extra information could help when it's
               | matter of opinion at the end of the day
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _many academics are often specialized in one area of
               | their expertise and overfit in that dimension_
               | 
               | An economist saying a national-security measure costs
               | this much is fine. Where it goes off the rails is in
               | turning costs into damnation without accounting for what
               | one gets in return. In an attention-driven media
               | environment, that sells.
        
             | expedition32 wrote:
             | De Gaulle was not an overzealous nationalist. He actually
             | ended French colonialism and started an alliance with
             | Germany.
             | 
             | He was a patriot and very pragmatic. He knew France had
             | been diminished. He had no time for delusional ideas.
        
         | rdtsc wrote:
         | > trade, then French Navy picked those gold bullions from NY
         | 
         | I couldn't find any clear news source or academic reference to
         | that event. I see a lot of references on gold buying/selling
         | sites mostly. I would imagine a Fench Navy ship docked NY and
         | loading tons of gold would make quite a stir.
        
           | avianlyric wrote:
           | Gold is very dense. 10 Tonnes of gold takes up less than a
           | cubic meter of volume.
           | 
           | Moving tonnes of gold doesn't look like huge pallets of gold
           | with tarps over them like a James Bond movie. It looks like a
           | handful of supply crates.
           | 
           | I imagine that the French Navy visits NY ports of a regular
           | basis. Pretty normal for Navy's to sail into the ports of
           | allies during peace time. There would be nothing unusual
           | about a French Navy vessel sailing into NY loading up with
           | some supplies and leaving.
           | 
           | https://www.wolframalpha.com/input?i=10tonnes+of+gold
        
             | rdtsc wrote:
             | For a country like France it would be on the order of
             | hundreds or a thousand tons. So that's maybe on the order
             | of hundred trips by delivery trucks at most. Yeah I suppose
             | spread out over a few years it wouldn't be noticed. At
             | least not by the general public. But since the claim is
             | that this triggered the collapse of the Bretton Woods
             | system it would be documented and referenced a lot more,
             | still.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Most delivery trucks (like a box truck) have capacities
               | more like 10 or 20 tons. A heavy freight truck, like used
               | to load ships? Even more.
        
               | _heimdall wrote:
               | Was that the case in the 60s as well? I know trucks of
               | that era had much lower capacity than today, even when
               | comparing across class like "half-ton" trucks.
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 set the gross vehicle
               | weight limit for trucks at 73,280lbs. I imagine trucks of
               | the day probably at least came close to that limit?
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_trucking_ind
               | ust...
        
               | bigfishrunning wrote:
               | A half-ton truck is a consumer pick-up truck, not a
               | commercial shipping vehicle. Much much smaller.
        
               | rdtsc wrote:
               | Yup that's what I had in mind, a 60s city delivery truck,
               | not a semi, so googled that and came up to about 10t.
        
               | jjk166 wrote:
               | The gold would be moved by cash-in-transit trucks which
               | have relatively modest payload capacities of 5000-9000lbs
               | today, a bit less in the 60s. 3 tons per truck is
               | probably on the high end.
        
               | therealpygon wrote:
               | You don't generally just throw gold in a box truck... it
               | typically moves by armored freight.
        
               | oasisbob wrote:
               | Maybe in some volumes, but I think most people would be
               | shocked by the overall volume of gold that moves by UPS
               | in small brown boxes.
        
           | enoint wrote:
           | https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?art.
           | ..
           | 
           | Whether the exact ship was a battleship or a destroyer might
           | make the search result.
        
             | janandonly wrote:
             | I can't open that link. Too bad.
        
               | esseph wrote:
               | Cloudflare DNS?
        
               | enoint wrote:
               | I think I munged the link. Anyway, the answer is in a
               | search result, with some discussion about whether it was
               | a battleship or destroyer.
        
             | enoint wrote:
             | https://archive.ph/ioukS
        
           | snikeris wrote:
           | https://www.helleniscope.com/2025/07/31/august-1971-the-
           | day-...
           | 
           | https://www.huffpost.com/entry/august-15-1971_b_4284327
        
           | bhouston wrote:
           | > I couldn't find any clear news source or academic reference
           | to that event.
           | 
           | It happened though. Here are the sources for it:
           | 
           | - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nixon_shock#Criticism_and_dec
           | l...
           | 
           | - https://www.thegoldobserver.com/p/how-france-secretly-
           | repatr...
           | 
           | - https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/001/1994/128/art
           | i...
        
             | rdtsc wrote:
             | What happened is the gold got repatriated. I was looking
             | for a source that a French warship docked and started
             | loading thousands of tons of gold.
             | 
             | Your source confirms it as well:
             | 
             | > Involving the French Navy was considered, but that would
             | have blown the operation's cover. Instead, BdF used ocean
             | liners from the Compagnie Generale Transatlantique
             | 
             | So it was multiple trips and in commercial liners.
        
               | rkomorn wrote:
               | It's something that sounds like a plot point for a heist
               | movie.
        
               | haddr wrote:
               | Check what happened to the Spanish gold before the end of
               | the Spanish civil war. I think it would be even more
               | dramatic movie:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_Gold_(Spain)
        
               | xethos wrote:
               | Which almost might have been one of the arguments the
               | Minister of Finance used to dissuade CDG
        
               | esseph wrote:
               | You should look into how often nuclear weapons are moved
               | by truck.
               | 
               | You've probably driven past more than a few.
        
           | mrb wrote:
           | As a French speaker, I looked up French sources and found
           | https://www.lesechos.fr/finance-marches/banque-
           | assurances/st... - here is a snippet translated to English
           | below. But many more references can be found by googling
           | "operation vide-gousset".
           | 
           | 1963: Operation Empty-the-purse ("vide-gousset")
           | 
           | It was also by warship that De Gaulle planned to conduct
           | "Operation Empty-the-purse" in 1963, the code name for the
           | repatriation of French gold deposited at Fort Knox in the
           | United States (1). More than 1,150 tons--the result of
           | converting French dollars into gold, a decision made by De
           | Gaulle in response to the lax monetary policy of the United
           | States--were being used to finance a growing trade deficit
           | through the printing of money.
           | 
           | Valery Giscard d'Estaing, then Minister of Finance, recounts
           | (2): "De Gaulle was getting impatient and asked me at every
           | meeting: 'So, has that gold finally come back?' One day, he
           | told me: 'We need to move much faster: we're going to send
           | the navy cruiser 'Colbert' which will bring back all the gold
           | that's still there.'" "I told him that if we did that, we
           | would alienate American public opinion forever." Ultimately,
           | De Gaulle abandoned the Colbert plan, and French gold
           | returned from the United States in small quantities. Not for
           | very long, it's true. The events of May 1968 and the ensuing
           | monetary crisis depleted the reserves, which fell from 4,650
           | tons to 3,150 - 1,500 tons had crossed the Atlantic again to
           | defend the franc, which De Gaulle refused to devalue.
        
             | rdtsc wrote:
             | Thank you, this helps and clears up my confusion. I just
             | couldn't imagine this kind of an event, a warship loading
             | this much gold, not triggering some media commentary, even
             | mockery or criticism to defend the US establishment.
             | 
             | > Ultimately, De Gaulle abandoned the Colbert plan, and
             | French gold returned from the United States in small
             | quantities.
             | 
             | So I think the story about the warship got twisted from a
             | plan or threat to "it actually happened". Doing it in small
             | quantities over a few years was the right way, indeed.
             | Looking back it seems like it didn't make many waves in the
             | news at the time, so Giscard was absolutely right.
        
           | kipchak wrote:
           | I seem to be having more luck with French language sources,
           | mostly the Bank of France records. From what I can tell the
           | shipping was done mostly commercially with some later by
           | air[1]. Reportedly De Gaulle was frustrated with the speed of
           | change wanted to use the Colbert warship but was dissuaded by
           | the minister of finance.[2]
           | 
           | [1]https://archives-historiques.banque-
           | france.fr/ark:/56433/115...
           | 
           | [2]https://www.lesechos.fr/finance-marches/banque-
           | assurances/st...
        
             | Reason077 wrote:
             | Gold is routinely transported across the Atlantic (and the
             | world) by air today:
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CRt_Ld5vtHI
        
           | JackFr wrote:
           | One armored car can carry a ton of gold. If they left and
           | drove to the closest US Navy port, where the French ship
           | would dock. it wouldn't raise eyebrows.
        
             | rdtsc wrote:
             | It's just that they repatriated close to 3000 tons. That's
             | one long convoy of armored cars, all going to a French
             | warship docked in New York.
             | 
             | Based on some sibling discussion it seems it just never
             | happened. It was multiple shipments, over many years, going
             | over commercial liners. It may have well been armored
             | trucks but they just didn't all do it at once. It worked
             | well that it didn't create much of a media uproar.
        
           | Tangurena2 wrote:
           | Historically, if a ship carrying gold sinks, whoever salvages
           | the gold/loot gets ownership of it. However, if the ship is a
           | warship, the loot belongs - FOREVER - as the property of the
           | nation-state (or their descendants). This has led to some
           | legal battles over nautical salvage in the Atlantic (were
           | those "Spanish Galleons" military or non-military? Hundreds
           | of millions of dollars depends on that answer during some
           | lawsuits in the 1990s) or nautical salvage in South East Asia
           | where artifacts from long gone kingdoms (that didn't reflect
           | borders created centuries after they collapsed) end up in
           | court over what country gets to show them in museums.
           | 
           | So yes, if you need to move national quantities of
           | gold/silver across the ocean, then for legal reasons, it is
           | best to ship it via _your_ navy.
        
         | BrtByte wrote:
         | From Francees perspective, they were just playing by the rules
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | The whole of international politics is the real rules vs the
           | unwritten rules.
        
             | forshaper wrote:
             | Goes for local politics as well.
        
             | gedy wrote:
             | Sounds like corporate politics too!
        
         | mohamedkoubaa wrote:
         | "closed the gold window" is a weird euphemism for "defaulted"
        
           | flowerthoughts wrote:
           | "I am altering the deal. Pray I do not alter it any further."
        
         | kccqzy wrote:
         | You seem to imply that Charles de Gaulle and his policy of
         | converting dollars to gold caused the collapse of the Bretton
         | Woods system. That was a myopic view. The whole Bretton Woods
         | system was doomed from the beginning due to design defects.
         | 
         | The system was conceived with the primary goal of maintaining
         | balance of payments equilibrium for all countries at the
         | expense of economic growth and liquidity. It had become clear
         | that if a country wanted its currency to be the world reserve
         | currency it had to run a balance of payment deficit. And the
         | United States clearly wanted its dollar to be the reserve
         | currency unbridled by any balance of payment constraints.
         | 
         | If the United States had balance of payment surpluses as it had
         | in the early years, the system lost liquidity (other countries
         | wanted to buy U.S. exports but had neither gold nor dollars to
         | do so), reducing the surplus. And if the United States had
         | balance of payment deficits, well, gold would flow out of the
         | United States, and the United States could not meaningfully
         | increase public debt or spending.
        
           | regnull wrote:
           | Ok, bear with me for a moment - what if the US would use
           | actual physical gold coins instead of dollars? Then your
           | argument of "gold would flow out" would not hold - so the
           | only reason for it to flow out was that the gold standard was
           | fake - the lax money policy of the US was the issue, not the
           | gold standard itself.
        
             | cyberax wrote:
             | > Ok, bear with me for a moment - what if the US would use
             | actual physical gold coins instead of dollars?
             | 
             | You'll get a bear economy, leading to the eventual
             | deflation and collapse.
             | 
             | Fun fact: it was not hyperinflation in Weimar Germany that
             | led Hitler to power but _deflation_ because of its
             | insistence on sticking to the gold standard.
        
               | kr1m wrote:
               | > Fun fact: it was not hyperinflation in Weimar Germany
               | that led Hitler to power but _deflation_ because of its
               | insistence on sticking to the gold standard.
               | 
               | Do you have a source for this? AFAIK https://en.wikipedia
               | .org/wiki/Hyperinflation_in_the_Weimar_R...
        
               | cyberax wrote:
               | "Hyperinflation caused Hitler" is one of the common
               | narratives that "everyone knows". But German economy was
               | actually growing during the hyperinflation era and by the
               | time of Hitler's ascension, the hyperinflation had long
               | been in the past.
               | 
               | I personally edited this very Wikipedia article several
               | times, but my changes got reverted by goldbugs who want
               | to memory-hole it.
               | 
               | This article has a nice explanation: https://www.hertie-
               | school.org/fileadmin/user_upload/20191101...
               | 
               | If you don't believe the numbers from it, they can be
               | corroborated easily.
        
             | RealityVoid wrote:
             | Gold is silly as a measure of value. It's just a piece of
             | shiny metal. The amount of value in the world is increasing
             | so you want to exchange medium to grow with it else you're
             | pulling breaks on the actual economy.
        
               | butlike wrote:
               | Well it's also soft, bacteriostatic, and conductive.
        
               | RealityVoid wrote:
               | OMG, we should totally base our economic exchanges on
               | copper instead!
        
               | engineeringwoke wrote:
               | Yes, it's just a shiny piece of metal. However, it is a
               | pure element and there is a limited amount of it, unlike
               | pretty much anything else except maybe silver.
               | 
               | Otherwise this happens.
               | 
               | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/M2SL
               | 
               | This is the origin of the entire white collar world and
               | all of its odd bedfellows, and it will die in our
               | lifetime. All of our jobs will go with it, unfortunately.
        
               | newguy1000 wrote:
               | Gold is actually really good at transferring and
               | measuring value. Think about what a "good" measure of
               | value would be have. It needs to last over time, not
               | corrode or dissolve to the forces. It needs to be
               | distributable, Divisible.. to be ubiquitous. Hard to
               | create/refine, hard to find, so supply can't easily be
               | inflated. It doesn't matter what the object that is being
               | used for exchange of value or holding value, that's why
               | you can trade and barter random objects. But if you
               | condensate down the properties that make a GOOD money,
               | then gold is more than just a shiny metal. "The amount of
               | value in the world is increasing so you want to exchange
               | medium to grow with it.." we find more gold every day, so
               | there is an easing already happening naturally. And even
               | if there wasn't, imagine having an exchange currency that
               | literally never inflated... that's GOOD. We have been
               | hoodwinked into thinking that we need inflation to keep
               | up with goods and services, literal stockholm syndrome
               | taught by the FED.
        
               | RealityVoid wrote:
               | > And even if there wasn't, imagine having an exchange
               | currency that literally never inflated... that's GOOD.
               | 
               | I fundamentally disagree. Value comes from building stuff
               | not from hoarding. I maintain my intense dislike for
               | gold. And I grant that it had the property of having most
               | people on this earth consider it the peak of value. Sure
               | common belief is a useful property. But I disagree that
               | it's a positive outcome or that there couldn't be many
               | many other variations except gold.
        
               | SR2Z wrote:
               | Hold on - you say "we find more gold every day" and then
               | go on to suggest that the money supply doesn't actually
               | need to keep up with economic growth?
               | 
               | If we had the technology to maintain 0% inflation, we
               | would do that. We can't, and rather than risk deflation
               | we instead target low positive inflation. This is because
               | deflation leads to nightmare spirals where people start
               | stuffing money into their mattresses instead of investing
               | in useful things because holding has risk-free guaranteed
               | returns that the unpredictable real world can't match.
               | 
               | The amount of gold being mined is not sufficient to keep
               | up with economic growth and gold is therefore inherently
               | deflationary. It's not a good way to store value, because
               | a coin that's going to double in value over two years or
               | whatever _is obviously not a stable store of value_.
               | 
               | You can argue about corrosion resistance or whatever
               | other physical properties gold might have, but unless the
               | civilization collapses you will find just as much luck
               | storing your wealth in the database of a major bank.
               | Needless to say, designing a civilization around the idea
               | that it could collapse at any moment is unnecessary and
               | expensive.
        
               | habinero wrote:
               | > that's why you can trade and barter random
               | objects...imagine having an exchange currency that
               | literally never inflated... that's GOOD. We have been
               | hoodwinked into thinking that we need inflation to keep
               | up with goods and services, literal stockholm syndrome
               | 
               | Gahhh. Stop taking your economics advice from bitcoin
               | bros and goldbug weirdos. They don't know how anything
               | works and don't want to learn. It's like taking legal
               | advice from sovereign citizens. It's not even that
               | difficult to understand why it's a terrible idea!
               | 
               | High inflation is bad, sure. Deflation is an economic
               | nuke. You know those people who spent like a whole
               | bitcoin buying pizza way back when? "If I'd just held
               | onto it, I'd have $HUGE_NUMBER now".
               | 
               | Yeah. If your money goes up in value, you have a huge
               | incentive to stockpile it and _not_ buy pizza. It 's not
               | just Dominos that loses out. All of the people and
               | suppliers that go into pizza do, too. You _need_ people
               | to spend and lend to have liquidity and money flow.
               | 
               | > we find more gold every day, so there is an easing
               | already happening naturally
               | 
               | That's not how that works. You're tying your _entire
               | country 's economic growth_ to the production output of a
               | _single_ mining industry. Gold is not distributed evenly
               | across the globe, either.
               | 
               | And yeah, we did all that in the past, and it caused
               | deflation, which caused numerous financial panics [0],
               | broke the British economy [1] and after two world wars,
               | the US ended up with like 70% of the world's gold [2].
               | 
               | [0] https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/banking-
               | panics-...
               | 
               | [1]
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_1914
               | 
               | [2] https://www.imf.org/external/np/exr/center/mm/eng/mm_
               | dr_01.h...
               | 
               | --
               | 
               | TL;DR: Tying your entire country's economic growth to the
               | production output of a single mining industry is stupid
               | and we don't do it for very good reasons. Everything is a
               | conspiracy if you don't know how anything works.
        
               | panarky wrote:
               | Just because a social construct is silly when you think
               | about it doesn't make it any less real or useful.
               | 
               | A national border is silly as a physical reality; it is
               | just a cartographic whim. These invisible lines, drawn by
               | long-dead men, pretend that the lithosphere is
               | fundamentally different on one side of a coordinate than
               | the other.
               | 
               | Fiat currency is silly as a store of value; it is just a
               | digital ledger or a piece of cotton-linen blend. Its
               | "worth" is derived entirely from the collective
               | hallucination that a central bank's promise is more
               | substantial than the paper it is printed on.
        
             | ajross wrote:
             | That doesn't make any sense to me. Under Bretton Woods, a
             | "dollar" was a contractual equivalent to a fixed amount of
             | gold. There's no difference. When people are talking about
             | "flow out" they're not talking about _literally_ motion of
             | currency[1], just who owns it.
             | 
             | [1] Which is backwards in your reasoning anyway. If you're
             | a foreign power wanting to hold dollars, and dollars are
             | physical gold coins, then you quite literally need to move
             | them physically out of the country, right?
        
           | doctorpangloss wrote:
           | I agree with you that Bretton Woods was doomed from the
           | beginning, both Keynes and Friedman said so, and this should
           | be a better known POV. Economists are not historians though,
           | and historians write human-driven stories (i.e., it was
           | _Nixon_ who _ended_ Bretton Woods, it 's not that it was
           | going to inevitably collapse as an econometric question).
           | 
           | All that said, Bretton Woods matters because people look at
           | the gold standard as a time when wages in the United States
           | rose. Like that's why Bernie Bros on HN care. It's the same
           | reason they oppose globalization: me me me. So it's worth
           | knowing why it was flawed. They don't comprehend that before
           | and after Bretton Woods, hourly wage charts measured a
           | fundamentally different thing.
           | 
           | I think it's better to attack the charts - I mean, you're
           | responding to a Charts Guy, a guy who's like, look at this
           | Gold Denominated Chart guy - because that's what their brains
           | work on. Don't worry about economics. These guys are not
           | economists. They are Charts. The real attack on their
           | worldview is that, well, just because the year in the X axis
           | is an increasing, doesn't mean that you can compare a bigger
           | year to a smaller year. They would really like the world to
           | be ordered that way, but it's not, and taking leadership on
           | convincing them of that is very hard.
        
             | slopinthebag wrote:
             | The Party told you to reject the evidence of your eyes and
             | ears. It was their final, most essential command.
        
               | doctorpangloss wrote:
               | government policy definitely has the greatest power to
               | create (or destroy) wealth, there are a lot of things
               | wrong with economic policy in this country, but floating
               | currency exchange is not one of those problems.
        
               | slopinthebag wrote:
               | I would argue that any policy that allows the government
               | to print money freely and inflate the currency is a major
               | thing wrong with a country.
        
               | timeinput wrote:
               | Several of them would have protested if they could have
               | found the right arguments.
        
               | doctorpangloss wrote:
               | the best way to expand your worldview is to consider that
               | time series charts do not tell a whole, or even accurate,
               | story, a lot of the time. for example, looking at a chart
               | of a line going up and to the right for money supply
               | isn't as meaningful as you think it is.
        
             | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
             | Perhaps you could expand on why you're convinced the
             | entirety of neoliberal economic dogma isn't "me me me"?
             | 
             | The gold bugs are almost entirely on the right. The left
             | are far more likely to be MMTers.
        
               | doctorpangloss wrote:
               | > The gold bugs are almost entirely on the right. The
               | left are far more likely to be MMTers.
               | 
               | see, i don't want to generalize about left and right.
               | it's much simpler than that. look at what this thread is
               | actually about: "chart for $/GLD is going up and to the
               | right, therefore, gold good." okay? it's not complicated.
               | it's not left vs right as much as it is, for every 1
               | person who's like, "things are complicated, economics are
               | interesting, let's talk about it" there are 19 who live
               | day to day in a relentless grind, and get-rich-quick is
               | _literally_ their only apparent salvation. they want the
               | world to be ordered where they are a Green Wojack, where
               | some random bet or gamble makes them a ton of money. that
               | 's why we're talking about it, not to figure out economic
               | policy. same reason we talk about cryptocurrencies and
               | startups. to most regular people - and programmers are
               | regular people - it's about, $$$.
               | 
               | it is a totally valid complaint to say, "floating
               | exchange rates do not produce charts that go up and to
               | the right." I mean, that's their problem! They made the
               | wages per hour chart stop going up and to the right! It's
               | not that they are bad policy!
               | 
               | Do people on HN care about joe schmoe hourly worker? No.
               | You can certainly make tons of money trading currencies,
               | but look, these people are not trading. They're gambling.
               | This class of get-rich-quick person likes: real estate,
               | cryptocurrency, gold, startup stock... are you getting
               | it?
               | 
               | You are making it about, "neoliberal dogmas" and "gold
               | bugs" or whatever. Trust me, those people are not the
               | morons. The gamblers are 10x as stupid. They are the
               | antagonists.
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | All the facts are true here, but "design defect" is silly.
           | The entire purpose was to keep a country like the US from
           | exploiting its position, and becoming the "world's reserve
           | currency" which is just a euphemism for running up massive
           | debts to poorer states.
           | 
           | Bretton Woods was sabotaged by the US and the USSR through
           | the single vehicle of
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Dexter_White. Without a
           | Bancor, the _entire system_ simply became a mechanism to
           | exploit the poor.
        
         | chvid wrote:
         | Excessive debt build up in particular due to the Vietnam war
         | caused the US to cancel the dollar gold convertibility.
        
       | dev1ycan wrote:
       | Charles de Gaulle was such an incredible man, nearly 60 years
       | after his death he still keeps influencing the direction of
       | France (for the better)
        
       | jmyeet wrote:
       | The funny thing about this is that since 1945, France keeps and
       | uses the majority of the gold reserves of 14 former French
       | colonies in West and Central Africa and uses that power to make
       | them use the CFA Franc, a currency pegged formerly to the French
       | Franc but now of course to the Euro [1].
       | 
       | It's worth noting that the stated reason here isn't because of,
       | say, US instability but rather "standardizing" the gold. It
       | doesn't say what that means but I assume France is basically
       | selling some New York held nonstandard gold to "standard" gold
       | held in France. "Standard" here probably means a given size and
       | purity. Yes, there are different purity levels to gold. So think
       | the heavy bullion bars you see on movies.
       | 
       | [1]: https://www.brookings.edu/articles/how-the-france-backed-
       | afr...
        
       | jt2190 wrote:
       | > 2. Improvement in income from non-monetary activities
       | 
       | > Net income from assets denominated in euro rose by EUR 2
       | billion, driven by an increase in outstandings. Income from
       | assets held for own account rose by EUR 12.2 billion as a result
       | of an exceptional item. In 2025 and at the start of 2026, while
       | the volume of gold reserves remained unchanged, the Banque de
       | France had to align a residual portion (5%) with technical
       | guidelines, resulting in a significant realised currency gain.
       | This exceptional foreign exchange income totalled EUR 11 billion
       | for 2025.
       | 
       | > Net operating expenditure remained under control, falling to
       | EUR 831 million from EUR 888 million in 2024. Since 2015, net
       | operating expenditure has fallen by an average of 4.1% in volume
       | terms.
       | 
       | > Overall, after transferring EUR 5 billion from reserves and
       | booking a corporation tax charge of EUR 1.5 billion, net profit
       | for 2025 totalled EUR 8.1 billion.
       | 
       | > A total of EUR 0.4 billion of this amount has been allocated to
       | the special reserve, in accordance with regulations, while the
       | remainder has been used to clear the deficit in retained earnings
       | (EUR 7.7 billion) that was left after the allocation of the net
       | loss in 2024
       | 
       | > After clearing these past losses in their entirety, the Banque
       | de France's net equity - comprised of own funds plus unrealised
       | capital gains on asset holdings - is now extremely solid at EUR
       | 283.4 billion, up from EUR 202.7 billion in 2024. The Banque de
       | France's net equity includes a revaluation reserve of state gold
       | and foreign exchange reserves (RRRODE) of EUR 11.4 billion, to
       | cover future monetary expenses
       | 
       | I assume that this increased equity makes selling bonds a bit
       | easier?
       | 
       | From: "Net profit of EUR 8.1 billion, enabling the clearing of
       | losses carried forward" https://www.banque-france.fr/en/press-
       | release/net-profit-eur...
        
       | gtsnexp wrote:
       | The "BdF's underground vault in La Souterraine" sounds profoundly
       | interesting.
        
         | slater wrote:
         | "La Souterraine" is underground, you say? :D
        
       | Arubis wrote:
       | Not your keys, not your coins.
        
         | mrits wrote:
         | This doesn't make much sense as you would use something like
         | this to keep your keys safe.
        
           | Arubis wrote:
           | It's a trust issue. And trust and competence are inextricably
           | linked.
           | 
           | Most of us with career-track jobs use electronic deposit to
           | an account at a bank, and keep things there. The account is
           | "yours", and the trust is established over time--most people
           | using most banks continue having access to their deposit of
           | record most of the time. When that fails, you get a bank run
           | --which is systemically undesirable, but also ends with
           | people not having "their" money. They thought it was theirs,
           | but it turned out not to be.
           | 
           | If your bank started publishing poorly-written notices about
           | how they'd terminate accounts and retain holdings for certain
           | customers based on arbitrary behavior, and kept changing that
           | definition, would you leave "your" money there--even if the
           | only alternative were to purchase precious metals and lock
           | them up yourself?
        
       | TacticalCoder wrote:
       | $15 B gains... Just to put things in perspective: France has a
       | GDP of about 3.5 trillion USD and a public debt of 117% of that
       | amount. $15 B is not even a drop in the bucket.
       | 
       | To add to France's problem: in 2024 the PIB growth was 1.2%,
       | which doesn't even counter inflation. And it's been like that
       | since 2008: inflation adjusted in USD, no growth (while both the
       | US and China's GDP inflation-adjusted skyrocketed).
       | 
       | The EU, and the eurozone in particular, is totally losing the
       | plot: 1 company in the top 50 companies by market cap, ASML (and
       | it's not french).
       | 
       | One.
        
       | BrtByte wrote:
       | Feels like one of those stories where the headline makes it sound
       | geopolitical, but the details are mostly about accounting and
       | logistics
        
         | justonceokay wrote:
         | Yes and no. Even though the use of USD as reserve has been
         | falling globally over time, there are a lot of news articles
         | showing up on this site lately about divestment in USD.
         | 
         | So on the surface level this is politics in the sense that it
         | marks the end of a long process between two countries.
         | 
         | Deeper, it is very political in that some entity wants to
         | normalize and for us to be thinking a lot about the future of
         | American isolationism.
        
       | trwhite wrote:
       | When is it correct to use "tonnes" or "tons"?
        
       | shin_lao wrote:
       | This article is poorly written. No new wealth was created.
       | 
       | They monetized an existing accounting/revaluation gain by selling
       | older, non-standard bars and replacing them with compliant bars,
       | while keeping the overall gold quantity unchanged. That is not
       | the same as "we moved gold home and earned $15B on the move."
       | 
       | In simple terms:
       | 
       | - You buy x of gold at $10
       | 
       | - You sell it much later for $100
       | 
       | - You made a profit of $90, and you hold $100 of cash
       | 
       | - You rebuy x of gold for $100, back to the same gold exposure,
       | but on the books, you have $90 of profit
        
         | Galanwe wrote:
         | I don't get your point. Gold price increased, the gains were
         | unrealized, now they realized when they rolled to a new
         | position. The only nitpick would be that they did not mention
         | the benchmark rate, so it's hard to guess the absolute gain.
         | 
         | What is poorly written or misleading here...?
         | 
         | That just looks like a normal capital gain to me.
        
           | Bootvis wrote:
           | What is the benefit of realizing the gains for France? They
           | had gold, they still have gold. They don't pay tax on their
           | gold or gains.
        
             | Galanwe wrote:
             | I don't think they cared about realizing the gains. They
             | just wanted to roll to a new position on higher standard
             | ingots. It just so happen that it meant selling/buying,
             | which realizes the gains.
        
           | kshacker wrote:
           | Capital gain and losses are when you need to pay taxes. If
           | you sold 100K of SPY that you bought for 10K actually, and
           | bought it back (It is a gain so there is no wash sale)
           | immediately, you need to pay taxes for $90K. This is just an
           | exchange based on the comments I am reading.
        
             | tensor wrote:
             | No, capital gains are simply the amount you earn when
             | selling capital for profit. They may be taxed, or may not
             | be taxed, depending on the country or location they
             | occurred in.
        
           | tensor wrote:
           | The article even says exactly that:
           | 
           | "Due to rising gold prices, the move helped the bank to
           | generate a capital gain of 13 billion euros ($15 billion),
           | bringing it to a net profit of 8.1 billion euros for the 2025
           | financial year after a net loss of 7.7 billion euros in
           | 2024."
           | 
           | I would have thought the audience here would understand
           | something as straight forward as a capital gain.
        
             | toomuchtodo wrote:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunning%E2%80%93Kruger_effect
        
           | irishcoffee wrote:
           | I think the GP was saying that there was no gain. France has
           | the same amount of gold they did last week. The whole article
           | is like saying "holy shit, france has the exact same amount
           | of wealth they did last week!"
        
             | tensor wrote:
             | Did you read the article at all? Or just the title? The
             | article is about bringing gold back to France by selling US
             | bars and buying new bars in Europe. The alternative would
             | be melting the bars down and recasting them to the new
             | standard.
             | 
             | The capital gain is just a by-product, standard financial
             | stuff, but apparently broke HN readers brains.
        
               | irishcoffee wrote:
               | I did read the article, thanks for asking.
               | 
               | Sounds like you agree with me, France has the same amount
               | of wealth in gold that they had last week.
        
               | tensor wrote:
               | I don't care about that. That's not what the article is
               | about.
        
       | happyPersonR wrote:
       | lol at all the finance folks
       | 
       | This isn't reddit. This is a technical forum. We talk about cool
       | tech stuff.
        
       | hackerbeat wrote:
       | Good. The US is not to be trusted anymore.
        
       | didgetmaster wrote:
       | I wonder if someone in Fance recently saw the Die Hard movie
       | where thieves robbed the Federal Reserve Bank in NY.
        
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