[HN Gopher] Why Switzerland has 25 Gbit internet and America doe...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Why Switzerland has 25 Gbit internet and America doesn't
        
       Author : sschueller
       Score  : 746 points
       Date   : 2026-04-05 18:29 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (sschueller.github.io)
 (TXT) w3m dump (sschueller.github.io)
        
       | deafpolygon wrote:
       | if the internet cabal in the US was actually a free market, you'd
       | be right!
        
       | poly2it wrote:
       | This article would be so much better without the generic AI-
       | generated images everywhere.
        
         | sschueller wrote:
         | Agreed but I didn't want to just take random images from the
         | web that I don't have the rights too and I my artistic skills
         | are not good enough.
        
           | LoganDark wrote:
           | You could just not generate extra images that aren't relevant
           | to the article. I like the charts and diagrams even when
           | they're AI, because they serve a purpose. But the extra
           | images for flair or whatever are completely pointless and
           | even annoying.
        
             | sschueller wrote:
             | Ok thanks. I will keep that in mind for my next post.
        
               | heystefan wrote:
               | Please ignore them, the images definitely helped
               | understand the issue better. Don't anchor on a couple of
               | grouchy hn posters.
        
               | LoganDark wrote:
               | Hey there were a lot more before the feedback, the
               | irrelevant ones have been removed[0]. The remaining
               | images in the article are good :)
               | 
               | [0]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=47652734
        
             | Svip wrote:
             | I would go a little further (and apologies for being rather
             | blunt): but I find the over-use of irrelevant images to be
             | rather insulting, as if I am unable to maintain focus on an
             | article, without the frequent shiny object.
        
               | LoganDark wrote:
               | I wouldn't necessarily call that further. The images I
               | like are relevant because they visually explain things
               | that are helpful. The images I don't like are irrelevant
               | because they serve no purpose other than to Be Images for
               | no good reason.
        
           | nunez wrote:
           | You can search for Creative Commons images on Google. Though,
           | honestly, a longform piece would've been much better than the
           | glitchy face horror show that is that "fiber-laying in
           | Germany" image, which is a composite of hundreds of thousands
           | of random images from all sorts of places!
        
         | 0xsn3k wrote:
         | i agree, i do like the article content itself, but the AI-
         | generated images (clearly nano banana btw) really kill the
         | credibility. even just using stock images with the watermarks
         | clearly visible would be better
        
       | cjs_ac wrote:
       | Australia and the UK both have a similar business environment to
       | the Swiss model (but without the superior bandwidth) due to the
       | way that their government-owned telephone monopolies were
       | privatised: Telecom Australia (now called Telstra) and British
       | Telecom (now called BT) were required to allow their newly-formed
       | competitors to sell services over their networks (for appropriate
       | maintenance fees, of course).
       | 
       | The US and German models are consequences of just yelling 'Free
       | market!' without stopping to think about what's actually being
       | sold in that market, and how to encourage genuine competition.
        
         | twelvedogs wrote:
         | Australia is still pretty messy, Telstra was privatised and
         | pretty much stopped upgrading their network for years around
         | the 24 mb ADSL level
         | 
         | Eventually we had a forward thinking prime Minister create a
         | new company that started running fibre to homes and wholesaling
         | it to non government businesses but they lost power and fibre
         | to the home became fibre to the neighbourhood running the last
         | bit over existing phone lines
         | 
         | Eventually it was returned to fibre to the home as upgrading
         | existing lines to run shitty 100mb connections was actually
         | much more expensive than just running fibre
         | 
         | We're only now starting to get to the point where fibre is
         | fairly available when it could have been ten years ago
        
           | 0xy wrote:
           | They stopped upgrading their network because government was
           | publicly implying they'd do something nationally on
           | broadband.
           | 
           | Before then, they were rolling out fast internet. Telstra's
           | cable network (aka. BigPond Ultimate at the time) could do
           | 100Mbps fifteen years ago!
           | 
           | Today, the Australian government continues to stomp on the
           | neck of the free market. Numerous initiatives for faster and
           | better privately operated fiber wholesale networks have been
           | sunk by the government, including TPG and others.
           | 
           | TPG wanted to roll out faster AND cheaper fiber in the inner
           | city. Government said no thanks, we'll keep NBN with abysmal
           | upload speeds to protect our investment.
        
             | FireBeyond wrote:
             | > Telstra's cable network (aka. BigPond Ultimate at the
             | time) could do 100Mbps fifteen years ago!
             | 
             | Mhmm, it was great. But at what cost, you had on most plans
             | a 1GB monthly cap.
             | 
             | And then when I went to an ISDN connection they wanted 9c
             | per _megabyte_. To be fair, they would let you do things
             | like join their squid proxy caching hierarchy, but bleh.
        
             | November_Echo wrote:
             | > TPG wanted to roll out faster AND cheaper fiber in the
             | inner city. Government said no thanks, we'll keep NBN with
             | abysmal upload speeds to protect our investment.
             | 
             | Allowing other networks to take away the easiest, highest
             | margin customers would break the NBN. It would likely lead
             | us back to an unfit for purpose, "Free Market" situation,
             | that further disadvantages rural, regional, and remote
             | communities.
        
             | twelvedogs wrote:
             | I disagree, Sol Trujillo became ceo of Telstra in 2005 and
             | immediately started cutting everything to the bone, Kevin
             | Rudd didn't even get into power until 2007 and the NBN
             | wasn't announced until 2009, fairly large gap there
        
         | consp wrote:
         | We've had the same issue in the Netherlands as the UK (telecom
         | getting free infrastructure), and the end result is them
         | blocking every fiber connection for years and then buying up
         | all of the ones trying when it suited them. And the cable
         | companies had a freebie for decades because they got most of
         | their infra for free without the "share space" requirement
         | (because only a major part, and not all, was funded by
         | municipalities and it took a while to get them all in one
         | company), and the cable companies decided not to invest in
         | anything. And now we have the fiber-to-the-bottom where they
         | are installing as fast as they can, but only with a
         | governmental monopoly in place with dubious sharing agreements.
         | 
         | Due to "competition" and "fare ride" my soon to be (it's taken
         | over 4 years and likely will take forever..) fiber will cost me
         | 22 euro/month more than if I would have gotten the cable from
         | across the road ... but the companies have "exclusive" rights
         | since they would not have "financed" it otherwise (the quotes
         | are all marketing bs).
        
           | 0x3f wrote:
           | In the UK, they split the infra provider (Openreach) from the
           | consumer company (BT). So it's no longer BT giving access to
           | the other providers.
           | 
           | In theory, BT has no special access to the infra at all, and
           | they're on a level playing field with other providers.
           | 
           | That may not be perfectly true in practice, but my impression
           | is there are no large differences between providers on the
           | same infra. Choosing between providers mostly comes down to
           | packaging and customer service in the end.
        
         | yawnxyz wrote:
         | Australia has the absolute worst internet
        
         | roughly wrote:
         | > The US and German models are consequences of just yelling
         | 'Free market!' without stopping to think about what's actually
         | being sold in that market, and how to encourage genuine
         | competition.
         | 
         | The point of a system is what it does. In America, it fosters
         | centralization of wealth on a massive scale. That's the point,
         | not some unexpected side effect of the theory nobody saw
         | coming.
        
         | globular-toast wrote:
         | The UK could have had it decades ago, but the Thatcher
         | government didn't allow it. Instead the UK gave permission to a
         | couple of companies to dig up the streets and lay
         | infrastructure in places of their choice. Those companies later
         | merged into one shitty company called Virgin Media. The places
         | they targeted were easy, dense neighbourhoods. BT, on the other
         | hand, was required to provide everyone in the country with a
         | phone line, no matter how remote. Today Virgin Media offers
         | asymmetric gigabit and it's still the only choice for many
         | because real fibre rollout is happening at a glacial pace. They
         | also get people to sign 18 month contracts which aren't
         | terminated if you move house. In some places, like mine,
         | existing conduit means some ISPs are allowed to run their own
         | fibre and these are some of the best connections available
         | today. But most ISPs still get you to sign 18 month or longer
         | contracts. The shitty ones, like Virgin Media won't even
         | terminate your contract if you move to place they don't supply.
        
       | ttul wrote:
       | In my small island community, I participated in a municipal
       | committee whose mandate was to bring proper broadband to the
       | island. Although two telecom duopolies already served the
       | community, one of them had undersea fiber but zero fiber to the
       | home (DSL remains the only option), whereas the other used a 670
       | Mbps wireless microwave link for backhaul and delivery via
       | coaxial cable. And pricing? Insanely expensive for either
       | terrible option.
       | 
       | Our little committee investigated all manner of options,
       | including bringing municipal fiber across alongside a new
       | undersea electricity cable that the power company was installing
       | anyway. I spoke to the manager of that project and he said there
       | was no real barrier to adding a few strands of fiber, since the
       | undersea high voltage line already had space for it (for the
       | power company's own signaling).
       | 
       | Sadly, the municipality didn't have any capital to invest a penny
       | into that fiber, so one day, one of the municipal counselors just
       | called up a friend who worked for a fiber laying company and
       | asked them for a favor: put out a press release saying that they
       | were "investigating" laying an undersea fiber to power a
       | municipal fiber network on the little island.
       | 
       | A few weeks later, the cable monopoly engaged a cable ship and
       | began laying their own fiber. Competition works, folks. Even if
       | you have to fake it.
        
         | bestouff wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
           | HauntingPin wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
             | xboxnolifes wrote:
             | > ...one day, one of the municipal counselors just called
             | up a friend who worked for a fiber laying company and asked
             | them for a favor: put out a press release saying that they
             | were "investigating" laying an undersea fiber to power a
             | municipal fiber network on the little island.
             | 
             | They called in a favor that put pressure on the company
             | from public expectations.
        
               | HauntingPin wrote:
               | Yes. What do you think happens in a competitive
               | marketplace? Sony heard about Nintendo partnering up with
               | Philips for the SNES CD expansion, so Sony made their own
               | console. That's literally competition.
               | 
               | The details of how the "public pressure" came to be don't
               | matter, because the monopoly didn't know about that. All
               | they knew was there was a potential competitor, so they
               | behaved according to that information. That's how it
               | works.
        
               | karlgkk wrote:
               | Frankly, I think you're trying to poke holes in a
               | straightforward concept. And now you've dug your heels in
               | and you're trying to justify it. But... let's ignore
               | opinions and interpretations...
               | 
               | > Sony heard about Nintendo partnering up with Philips
               | for the SNES CD expansion, so Sony made their own console
               | 
               | This is completely inaccurate in every way possible. You
               | even have the order of events backwards (Nintendo and
               | Sony partnered first). There is in no way in which even
               | the most charitable interpretation of this statement
               | could bear out. Just about the only correct part is that
               | you have some (but not all!) of the relevant parties
               | involved.
               | 
               | If you're wrong about such a well documented, cut and dry
               | matter of historical record, then what else are you wrong
               | about? :)
        
               | drfloyd51 wrote:
               | That isn't actually refuting his original argument. Just
               | proving his example false.
               | 
               | Then you beg the question with a bit of a straw man
               | fallacy thrown in.
        
               | hrimfaxi wrote:
               | I don't understand this line of thinking. The spreading
               | of a false rumor is an example of a competitive
               | marketplace? If this took place in a different domain
               | wouldn't it be fraud? That it was in the public benefit
               | seems orthogonal.
        
               | irishcoffee wrote:
               | It is not fraud to claim that one is considering doing
               | something, and publishing that information.
               | 
               | Imagine how that would actually play out if you were
               | right. (You're not)
        
               | hrimfaxi wrote:
               | But in the case of the grand parent the company had no
               | intention of following through and did it seemingly at
               | the request of the friend.
               | 
               | > one day, one of the municipal counselors just called up
               | a friend who worked for a fiber laying company and asked
               | them for a favor: put out a press release saying that
               | they were "investigating" laying an undersea fiber to
               | power a municipal fiber network on the little island.
        
               | kulahan wrote:
               | Yes, if a simple unsubstantiated rumor is enough to get
               | your competitors to spend potentially millions of dollars
               | to fight you, that's a competition. Literally what else
               | could it be?
               | 
               | It can be two things, anyways. You can utilize fraud to
               | manage your competitors expectations. CEOs lie constantly
               | about the state their products are in, in order to drum
               | up more sales.
               | 
               | It has absolutely zero requirement to be beneficial to
               | the public in order to be a competitive marketplace.
               | They're also competing to make as much profit as
               | possible, which has effectively zero benefit for the
               | public.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | > They're also competing to make as much profit as
               | possible, which has effectively zero benefit for the
               | public.
               | 
               | The end result is plenty of cheap stuff for people to
               | buy. It's why free markets have full supermarkets and
               | socialist markets have long lines.
               | 
               | Take the free market in software, for example. My entire
               | software stack on my linux box cost me $0.
        
               | kulahan wrote:
               | "Companies optimize to make as much money as possible,
               | which is why there is cheap stuff" does not logically
               | follow. I get what you're saying, but it's not related to
               | the concept of companies trying to make as much profit as
               | possible. Some will simply chase higher profit margins.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | > Some will simply chase higher profit margins
               | 
               | That's constrained by the Law of Supply and Demand.
               | 
               | > "Companies optimize to make as much money as possible,
               | which is why there is cheap stuff" does not logically
               | follow.
               | 
               | Standard Oil gained great profits by reducing the price
               | of kerosene by 70%.
        
               | nnevod wrote:
               | >That's constrained by the Law of Supply and Demand.
               | 
               | Law of supply and demand works in the really free market,
               | when providers are essentially infinitesimal and are not
               | able to exert their will upon consumers. If a single
               | provider is capable of significantly affecting the prices
               | and supply of the whole market, it can bend law of supply
               | and demand.
               | 
               | >Standard Oil gained great profits by reducing the price
               | of kerosene by 70%. They (I suppose, don't know for sure)
               | had plenty of margin for that, and as price-demand
               | relation is not linear, increase of volume was larger
               | than margin reduction. That is often not the case, and
               | race to (quality) bottom and shrinkflation happens.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | Standard Oil made more money by lowering the price. They
               | had margin to do that by being very good at lowering
               | costs.
               | 
               | > race to (quality) bottom
               | 
               | When people aren't willing to pay for quality, there's no
               | point in increasing the costs for more quality.
        
               | carefree-bob wrote:
               | The math doesn't support this. There is great confusion
               | about this point. Imagine, for example, that there are
               | people that want to buy one unit of a product made by a
               | monopoly that is a greedy corporation trying to maximize
               | profits. And to keep things simple, make everything
               | discreet in dollars.
               | 
               | 10 people are willing to pay $2
               | 
               | 5 people are willing to pay $3
               | 
               | 1 person is willing to pay $4
               | 
               | and no one is able or willing to pay more than $4
               | 
               | So this would be the demand curve.
               | 
               | Now, let's do the supply curve. Keep it simple and assume
               | a constant cost of production equal to $1 per unit.
               | 
               | The question is, if you are a _greedy corporation_ , then
               | how much should you charge to _maximize your profits_?
               | 
               | You should charge $2.
               | 
               | At that price, you will make $10 selling to the poors, $5
               | selling to the middle, and $1 selling to the rich. $16
               | bucks in profit for the _greedy corporation_.
               | 
               | If you charged $3, you would make $10 in profit selling
               | to the middle, and $2 in profit selling to the rich, for
               | only $12 in profit.
               | 
               | 12 < 16. The greedy monopoly prefers $16 in profit to $12
               | in profit. That's why it lowers prices.
               | 
               | If you charged $4, you would make only $3 in profit.
               | 
               | 3 < 16
               | 
               | In other words, it is profit maximization + law of demand
               | + law of one price that drives down prices in the face of
               | a demand curve.
               | 
               | People get this all wrong, they think that it requires
               | perfect competition or some set of unobtainable market
               | assumptions to make stuff affordable, it does not. It's
               | just the law of demand (charge more and you get fewer
               | customers) plus the law of one price (everyone pays the
               | same amount).
               | 
               | This is why things like government subsidies to the poor
               | to help them buy stuff actually drives prices up. It's
               | why businesses wage an eternal war to be able to price
               | discriminate. Health care, for example, would be much
               | more affordable if hospitals had to post their prices and
               | could not charge different rates to different people
               | based on what they could squeeze from their insurance or
               | based on how much money they had. It's why programs to
               | help the poor by giving them more cash to buy stuff end
               | up making things unaffordable for everyone else. It's why
               | section 8 rental subsidies drive up rents. It's why
               | during the covid subsidies, the new car price index went
               | up from 147 to 188, but after the imposition of tariffs,
               | it didn't change at all. So much of the world is
               | explained just by some simple math, the law of one price,
               | and the law of demand.
               | 
               | Because the companies are already charging the most to
               | maximize their profits. They are not charities. Whenever
               | a business says "if I have to pay this extra tax, it will
               | just drive up prices", then ask them "Are you a charity?
               | If you could charge more, then why aren't you charging
               | more now? If you can't charge more now, why do you think
               | you will be able to charge more tomorrow?"
               | 
               | Now, I'm not saying that there is no relationship between
               | costs and prices, and that everything is set purely by
               | demand and the law of one price. To get supply in there,
               | you need more assumptions about the type of competition
               | and the cost curve. But in general, supply only enters
               | into the picture in that if you raise a firm's costs,
               | then some firms go out of business because they can't pay
               | the higher costs, and for the firms that are left, there
               | is less competition, and it is this reduced competition
               | that allows (some) of the increase costs to be passed on
               | to consumers.
               | 
               | Always remember -- firms are already charging the most
               | they can possibly charge in order to maximize total
               | profits. That's the normal state of affairs, and it is
               | what drives prices lower. Whether you are modeling a
               | monopoly, or monopolistic competition, or an oligopoly,
               | or perfect competition, it does not matter. They always
               | charge the most they can possibly charge, and the law of
               | demand, working with the law of one price, drives prices
               | down.
        
               | kulahan wrote:
               | Except it doesn't scale at all like this. There are
               | companies selling sandwiches on private jets for $150/ea.
               | Some people sell a candle for $5 at Target while others
               | sell them for $45 at a farmer's market. If you're making
               | websites for a living, it's common advice to raise your
               | prices to keep away people who aren't very serious or who
               | will balk at every expense.
               | 
               | There are countless companies working with excellent
               | profit margins.
        
               | carefree-bob wrote:
               | None of those are monopolies, unless you consider someone
               | selling a sandwich on a particular plane as a monopoly
               | and the people on the plane are your market, in which
               | case it is exactly this situation, and why that sandwich
               | doesn't cost $100.
               | 
               | So instead of trying to think of complications, you need
               | to first understand the argument, and then you can see it
               | everywhere once you understand it.
        
               | kulahan wrote:
               | I'm simply saying it's incorrect to assume that
               | everything everywhere is as cheap as possible. This is
               | true in MANY INDUSTRIES, but not everywhere, and it's
               | absolutely nothing like a rule.
               | 
               | You, I think, are tying it into a larger discussion about
               | monopolies, but I'm not sure that makes sense because if
               | you're a monopoly, you don't have competitors to beat on
               | price, so you again would not charge the least amount
               | possible. That makes no sense.
        
               | nnevod wrote:
               | Plenty of cheap stuff is a consequence of companies
               | interested in people's money and, yes, presence of at
               | least nominal competition between providers (i.e. they
               | can be essentially a cartel, mirrioring each other
               | exactly, but each still wants to step into other's money
               | supply and retain its own). Choice for customer is
               | present but also equally nominal.
               | 
               | In deficit economy, economic agents aren't really
               | interested in people's money, and competition is between
               | consumers - who'll bid higher and offer something of real
               | interest to provider. So providers hoard stuff and there
               | are long lines.
               | 
               | Benefit for public is not a boolean, it's a spectrum.
               | Lots of cheap poor stuff readily availible is better than
               | having to compete for stuff, but less good than having
               | choice between cheap poor stuff and more expensive better
               | stuff, for example. For the latter, you need non-nominal
               | competition and providers having to compete whithin the
               | market, not outside of it, and also each individual
               | provider having infinitesimal effect on whole market.
        
               | xboxnolifes wrote:
               | Maybe i misinterpreted the original comment, but having
               | the government step in to pressure a company is not
               | _usually_ what i find people mean when they talk about
               | competitive markets. Let alone when the pressure is
               | through a side channel.
        
             | MajorTakeaway wrote:
             | Sometimes commenters all over the internet write like this
             | because they just got incredibly jealous after reading the
             | parent post. I've been thinking more and more about how
             | most posts are jealous or depressed outtakes against the
             | world, system, or other person. This fundamental human
             | behavior won't change, and is as reflexive as a
             | monopolistic company reacting to a press release, proving
             | the parent correct despite their scathing response of the
             | child.
             | 
             | It's worth noting that 4chan and Reddit also live here
             | because both sites are insufferable.
        
             | bigbadfeline wrote:
             | > What exactly did they prove?
             | 
             | They proved that the Free Market doesn't automatically
             | provide functional competition, if you think about it, the
             | Western-style free market is very keen on creating and
             | maintaining monopolies, even cheating isn't going to help
             | you here.
             | 
             | > The company laid down fibre because of what they saw as a
             | potential competitor (municipal fibre).
             | 
             | The OP is about free market failures, not about
             | competition. As another example, many people have pointed
             | out that there is much more competition in China than in
             | the US. Hope, this is enough for you to understand the
             | difference.
        
               | kortilla wrote:
               | Western free market doesn't create monopolies. Where did
               | you get that idea?
               | 
               | The only place monopolies tend to emerge is heavily
               | regulated areas that allow for regulatory capture (laying
               | fiber is a great example of this).
        
               | greedo wrote:
               | Or in places where network effects make it impossible to
               | compete.
        
               | bigbadfeline wrote:
               | > Western free market doesn't create monopolies.
               | 
               | To quote myself: "the Western-style free market is very
               | keen on creating and maintaining monopolies"
               | 
               | Guess who's the highly influential investor, with strong
               | connection to the WH who said the following:
               | 
               | "Competition is for losers".
               | 
               | This sums up pretty well what the free market is keen on.
        
               | bigstrat2003 wrote:
               | It is well known that individual businessmen often want
               | to reduce competition, because it's best for them. That
               | is why the government's important role in the free market
               | is to _promote_ competition. But just because the market
               | is imperfect and can be captured without the government
               | making sure that people play fair, does not mean that the
               | free market is  "a lie" as TFA claims. It means that it's
               | imperfect, as are all human endeavors.
        
               | what wrote:
               | > to quote myself
               | 
               | Okay, totally meaningless, it didn't prove anything.
        
               | kortilla wrote:
               | A participant is not the market. Competitors very
               | famously hate competition.
        
               | cogman10 wrote:
               | > The only place monopolies tend to emerge is heavily
               | regulated areas that allow for regulatory capture (laying
               | fiber is a great example of this).
               | 
               | No, actually laying fiber is a great example of the
               | problem with a free market.
               | 
               | It's not regulations that make it hard to put down fiber,
               | it's property rights. Without some sort of regulation or
               | government action (such as eminent domain) it's
               | impossible to build out modern infrastructure. There will
               | always be some person with property right in the way of a
               | cable line. You can beg and plead with them to let you
               | bury a line (including pointing out that it's very
               | temporary disruption of soil) and they can still just say
               | no.
               | 
               | It isn't unusual for a phone company that's looking at a
               | difficult land owner to say "ok, screw it, we'll just
               | have to take a 90 mile detour because the guy that owns
               | that 500 yard strip won't let us bury here". Imagine how
               | much harder that is if the land owner is related to or
               | owns stock in a competitor company.
               | 
               | We have been able to lay as much fiber as we have in the
               | US because there's a bunch of regulations around right of
               | way that ultimately grants burying rights near public
               | roads to utilities companies like ISPs. Without those,
               | it'd be almost impossible.
        
               | kortilla wrote:
               | Property rights are regulation. You're just vehemently
               | agreeing with me. Markets filled with laws that make
               | entry difficult are subject to monopolies.
        
               | danaris wrote:
               | If property rights are regulation, then so is anything
               | that allows you to ignore them.
               | 
               | Once you get down to the level of property rights, the
               | only alternative left is total might-makes-right anarchy.
               | 
               | Property rights are some of the _earliest_ and most
               | _basic_ things protected by governments--indeed, to a
               | large extent they precede governments, being protected
               | with force by the people who wish to assert them.
               | 
               | Wipe out all regulations, all laws, all property rights,
               | and try to run fiber across someone's property without
               | their permission, and they're likely to come out with a
               | shotgun and start shooting everyone digging. Follow the
               | steps logically from that point, and you'll fairly
               | quickly start reinventing governments and regulations.
        
               | cogman10 wrote:
               | Ok, let's imagine property rights are gone. Now it's
               | impossible to build a fiber line without also employing
               | an armed guard of that line. Sure, the open market allows
               | for anyone to build out their lines where ever they like,
               | but since we've eliminated all property rights and laws
               | it means the most natural thing to do to your competition
               | is sabotage.
               | 
               | That means if you are a new comer, you have to employ
               | significant military strength to guard and defend your
               | line going in. Otherwise, existing powers will simply
               | stomp it out as soon as they get a whiff that someone is
               | trying to compete with them. That, or they'll simply take
               | your line by force.
               | 
               | That is probably the most difficult form of entry because
               | it requires someone to be independently very wealthy
               | before they could dream of putting in new infrastructure
               | and it requires them to enforce their own property rights
               | since there's no government doing that.
               | 
               | Are you an anarco-communist by chance? That's about the
               | only group I'm aware of that would advocate for the
               | complete elimination of property rights, but they also
               | usually don't advocate for a "free market".
        
               | pdpi wrote:
               | The "only" place monopolies tend to emerge in is any
               | market with a significant barrier to entry. Regulatory
               | regime can be one such barrier, but e.g. up-front capital
               | costs and network effects are other barriers to entry
               | that can and will lead to monopolies.
        
               | peyton wrote:
               | The OP is about telecom. I took a look and learned [1]:
               | 
               | > The telecommunications industry in China is dominated
               | by three state-run businesses: China Telecom, China
               | Unicom and China Mobile.
               | 
               | A little slippery to bring China into the telecom free
               | market discussion and contrast it with "Western-style"
               | while failing to mention the structure of its telecom
               | industry.
               | 
               | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_ind
               | ustry_in...
        
               | bigbadfeline wrote:
               | > The OP is about telecom. I took a look and learned [1]:
               | 
               | Untrue - in the context of the OP, telecom is just an
               | example. Look at the title.
               | 
               | > The telecommunications industry in China is dominated
               | by three state-run businesses: China Telecom, China
               | Unicom and China Mobile.
               | 
               | "More competition" doesn't mean "no monopolization".
               | Communications are political everywhere, I'd be surprised
               | if they were a subject of less control in China than in
               | the US. However, even on Amazon and even with tariffs,
               | there's more competition between Chinese sellers than
               | between sellers of other origins.
        
               | eru wrote:
               | Free markets don't automatically do anything. There's
               | nothing automatic. It's about giving individual people
               | the opportunity to take action.
        
               | wahnfrieden wrote:
               | Free markets tend toward monopoly which restricts
               | individual people's opportunities for action. In this
               | example, there was a cable monopoly mentioned. The only
               | way to coerce it (not even to defeat it in some way) was
               | through baseless deception, not free market competitive
               | action. The monopoly remained.
        
               | otherme123 wrote:
               | > Free markets tend toward monopoly
               | 
               | Not true and oversimplification. Some markets tend toward
               | monopolies, but you rarely will get one unless
               | enforced/protected by a state. If you navigate through
               | history, you will find almost exclusively monopolies on
               | salt extraction, coal mining oligopolies (with the help
               | of worker unions), silk... Curiously, the Standard Oil
               | was accused of being a monopoly, and the proof was they
               | were offering _lower prices than anyone_ thanks to their
               | scale, destroying the competence. The reward for offering
               | low prices was disolving the company (notice that they
               | never reached the hypothetical price hike stage).
               | 
               | It is also common practice for the state to declare
               | something "public utility" or "natural monopoly", on
               | things like snail mail distribution, telephone or TV,
               | that were clearly not a natural monopoly and could be
               | offered by free market. Here fall a lot of ISPs, that get
               | a "public utility" status and only then can abuse that
               | monopolistic position with the help of the state.
               | 
               | A lot of free market sectors tend to atomization: think
               | hair or nail saloons, masonry, plumbers, carpenters... if
               | you know someone in the sector, it seems that as soon as
               | they get a size over 5 or 6 people, two of them always
               | decide to split and go by themselves.
        
               | miki123211 wrote:
               | You're right on most of these, but wrong on telephony.
               | That actually was a natural monopoly.
               | 
               | It's exactly how OP describes it. It's unproductive for
               | multiple companies to maintain disconnected, parallel
               | telephone infrastructures. The most productive use of
               | resources is to lay more wires to more houses, not to lay
               | more wires to places which have already been wired up for
               | telephone service by somebody else. That creates a
               | monopoly, and the government should step in.
               | 
               | With modern tech, you can mandate local-loop unbundling
               | and fix some of this, but that wasn't possible with 1970s
               | (and earlier) phone infrastructure.
        
               | otherme123 wrote:
               | We use "natural monopoly" too freely and too quickly,
               | almost as a free card to actually implement monopolies
               | that last for decades. Anecdo-time: in my small city
               | there is a small "natural" monopoly in public bus
               | service: the municipality offers a monopoly on which
               | buses can operate in the city, that lasts for 25 years or
               | so. I lived through a renewal that was a bit rocky, the
               | bus company went on a strike, and as a result there was a
               | vacuum of monopoly for six months. That resulted in a
               | flood of other companies, big and tiny (as in 1 bus only,
               | serving 1 very demanded route), doing the routes. They
               | were as cheap as it gets, offering month cards
               | outrageously cheaper than previous public-natural-
               | monopoly. It was so cheap, and the offer was so high that
               | cars seemed to vanish from the city center, that was so
               | full of buses that you didn't even check the timetable:
               | you just waited for the next for 5 minutes.
               | 
               | Eventually the municipality renewed the previous contract
               | with the same previous company, a contract that forbids
               | other companies from entering the city center, and we
               | went back to the worse service we were used to. Of course
               | they were a lot of narratives: they were trying to
               | capture the market, drive competence away and then hike
               | the prices; they were bounded to bankrupcy at such
               | prices; that many buses were damaging the roads, and
               | others. But the reality was that for a brief time we had
               | the best bus service in the modern world.
               | 
               | As for telephone wires, we went through some years,
               | between copper-IDSN and fiber (the DSL bridge) that a lot
               | of companies found a way to make it profitable to put new
               | copper cable parallel to what it already existed. The
               | only thing the municipality did was to make it mandatory
               | that the first to install it must use a wider-than-needed
               | conduct (a solution much less disruptive than giving a
               | natural monopoly, latest shown by new small companies
               | born everywhere), so if a company wanted to add more
               | cable later could use the same tubing. Predictions about
               | company A blocking their tubing showed false, as other
               | companies could retaliate in other places. No second
               | tubing was allowed until the first tube was full, this
               | was the only state intervention in the issue. The same
               | tubes have now the optic fiber.
               | 
               | I am not fully anti-state, but there are undeniable
               | overreaching everywhere, and a lot of zealots of
               | intervention that are itching to issue mandates and
               | interfere with everything, and then fix what fails with
               | more interventions.
        
               | remarkEon wrote:
               | Markets are just a tool. This tool functions on
               | information. OP explained how information (in this case,
               | the rumor of a competitor laying fiber) caused action
               | within the market.
               | 
               | Hmm. Seems the tool is working as expected.
        
             | NewsaHackO wrote:
             | So this shows competition works, but I thought the original
             | post was about the free market. When the two companies were
             | asked to fill a need for the people, they refused, and the
             | people were not otherwise about to independently provide
             | the service based on their own funds. I feel as though if
             | the only way of getting companies to do something without
             | organic competition is to use underhanded methods (such as
             | lying about another competitor), then the free market has
             | some places for improvement, no?
        
               | xbmcuser wrote:
               | Competition works up to a certain point its best for
               | short term returns and not for long term as the time and
               | capital investment increases the chances of monopolies
               | forming increases. This is the reason why I think most
               | public infrastructure should be invested in and owned by
               | the government. Let companies compete on building,
               | running and maintaining it.
        
           | wat10000 wrote:
           | In other words, competition works, and lack of competition
           | leaves you vulnerable.
        
         | joe_the_user wrote:
         | It seems incorrect to call this competition.
         | 
         | I'm glad you got your broadband but what happened sounds much
         | more like American politics than ordinary market processes. And
         | in this political environment, corporations can engage in a
         | variety of other tactics than placating a squeaky wheel - they
         | can outlaw competition, buy off officials, pay for shrill media
         | hit pieces and so-forth.
        
           | HauntingPin wrote:
           | It's clearly competition. The incumbent company saw a
           | potential competitor and acted upon it. That's literally what
           | happens when there's competition. It doesn't matter that the
           | competitor didn't actually exist if the incumbent behaved as
           | if it did exist.
           | 
           | I'm never sure what the point of comments like this is. "It
           | seems incorrect". But it isn't. You just don't want to admit
           | that competition is good and necessary.
        
             | postsantum wrote:
             | No, it's called market manipulation. OP's action caused
             | spending at the expense of the companies. Not going to
             | "won't someone think of the shareholders", but calling
             | competition is misleading
        
             | joe_the_user wrote:
             | OK, I should have said "economic competition" though I
             | imagined that it was implied.
             | 
             | If you just say "competition", you can point at the efforts
             | of ten people to gain a seat on the politbureau as a clear
             | case of this.
        
             | hnthrow0287345 wrote:
             | If they ever find out they've been duped, they'll certainly
             | go out of their way to make something worse down the line
             | at the expense of the people.
             | 
             | These are the kind of short-sighted tactics that
             | competition and capitalism breeds that belongs in luxury
             | markets, not utilities or essentials.
        
         | Hikikomori wrote:
         | Local municipality power companies put fiber in the ground
         | whenever they put power. The result is fiber almost everywhere
         | at very low cost. Even along rail and major roads.
        
           | ttul wrote:
           | Absolutely. Once you're laying anything at all in the ground,
           | tossing down a fiber costs nothing.
        
         | zx8080 wrote:
         | Either side of the spectre lies enshittification:
         | 
         | - more competition comes with margin squeezing and cheapest
         | source for service or goods
         | 
         | - less competition brings the monopoly, the dream of any
         | capitalist (owner, not user).
         | 
         | Either way comes enshittification, and there's no middle
         | balance, it drifts towards one of the sides always.
        
           | jimbooonooo wrote:
           | we still had luxury goods without monopolies, so I think I'll
           | take more competition please.
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | During the Soviet Union years, tourists to it knew that the
           | thing to do was pack blue jeans in their luggage, which were
           | highly desirable under communism. Wearing blue jeans in the
           | USSR was a mark of status.
        
           | lava_pidgeon wrote:
           | This German supermarket system has strong compettion , low
           | margins but it is cheap and reliably good quality what most
           | German wish.
           | 
           | So I disagree.
        
           | sophrosyne42 wrote:
           | False dilemma
        
         | toofy wrote:
         | this is a great example of where the government should step in
         | and say "welp, you took too long, we're now funding municiple
         | fiber and we'll give it to everyone cheap. sorry."
         | 
         | i truly do believe competition can often drivr things forward
         | but we have countless examples where executives get comfortable
         | and decide their best course of action for profits is to do
         | little to nothing.
         | 
         | if a community has been screaming for fiber internet for years
         | and the service companies cry "oh it's just too expensive" when
         | we know that isn't true, then the people who pay the taxes
         | should say "ok, apparently you're not up to the job, you and/or
         | your business model is clearly a failure, we'll do it and
         | provide it cheaper than you would have anyway."
         | 
         | maybe this would force the competition we know can often work.
         | if they can't figure out a way to do it without subsidies, then
         | we'll do it ourselves. you can call it "spooky government" all
         | you want, but that's just another term for "us"
         | 
         | something to the effect of: ok, this thing has become integral
         | to society. ceos, you have 5 years to compete and prove that
         | you're up to the task by delivering A, B, and C for $N. can't
         | do it? not up to it? no worries, thanks for trying.
        
           | zeroCalories wrote:
           | If it was easy to do with a lot of margin it would have been
           | done by someone else in the private sector. In fact, they
           | tricked these companies into making investments that weren't
           | worthwhile for them. Sounds like the kind of people the
           | deserve the shitty internet they have.
        
             | delusional wrote:
             | This is a fundamental problem of value creation and value
             | extraction. Just because the ISP's can't extract the value
             | of adding the additional fiber capacity doesn't mean it
             | doesn't confer that value to the customers. We live in an
             | age of value extraction, what's colloquially known as
             | "enshittification", that can't go on forever. Somebody has
             | to create the value that is being extracted.
             | 
             | It's the old Marx quote: "From each according to his
             | ability, to each according to his need". Except you know,
             | the opposite.
        
               | zeroCalories wrote:
               | I have a lot of ability. I'm not gonna flex it for others
               | without pay that gives me significantly higher living
               | standards than the average person. Are you going to force
               | me to work?
        
               | delusional wrote:
               | Thanks for writing a reply. I was wondering why this
               | comment was floating around 0. I realize it's pretty
               | contentious politics on HN, but I figured the
               | philosophical point is at least interesting anyway, and
               | that HN would be able to separate the two. Your reply
               | helps me adjust that assumption.
        
               | well_ackshually wrote:
               | No, however there's a bunch of people with your abilities
               | that will do it because they're capable of seeing that
               | something as crucial as internet access is a public good.
               | You can choose to not work, plenty of us will make things
               | move forwards without you, nor care about your living
               | standards.
        
               | zeroCalories wrote:
               | If you could find people to do this work below market
               | rate this wouldn't be a problem to begin with.
        
             | iamflimflam1 wrote:
             | That's not necessarily true. A lot of companies are very
             | risk averse and will sit there creaming off profit and not
             | making any investment.
             | 
             | If someone came to you and said - you have two choices:
             | 
             | Work incredibly hard, raise a lot of money, build a bunch
             | of infrastructure. And at some point in the future you will
             | make some more money.
             | 
             | Or - keep taking your very nice high guaranteed salary for
             | the foreseeable future.
             | 
             | What would you pick?
        
               | econ wrote:
               | I hear vending machine ppl often have 1-3 very profitable
               | locations and 10-40 locations that only barely make sense
               | often only because they already are in the business.
               | 
               | I imagine hiring someone to fix or restock them makes a
               | lot more sense if you have 100 machine rather than just
               | one.
               | 
               | It really depends what the goal is. Profit with fiber or
               | fiber with profit?
               | 
               | Here public transport is required to cover all routes.
               | Postal service is the same. Fiber doesn't seem that
               | different?
        
               | zeroCalories wrote:
               | Depends on how much margin there was. Sounds like there's
               | not enough.
        
             | philipallstar wrote:
             | The problem is all the regulatory stuff that means the
             | bigger you are and the longer you've operated for the
             | better you understand and have relationships with the often
             | pretty inept regulatory bodies that can stop you.
        
               | zeroCalories wrote:
               | Then as the local government, maybe start by removing
               | that regulation. Or if the regulation is required, you're
               | going to have to pay a premium for people willing and
               | able to put up with it.
        
               | philipallstar wrote:
               | The problem isn't knowing the solution. The problem is
               | incentives.
        
           | miki123211 wrote:
           | If people truly want something and it can be done profitably,
           | just start a company and do it yourselves.
           | 
           | If you need subsidies, that means the people who don't want
           | that think are paying for it, just so people who do want it
           | can have it cheaper.
           | 
           | With subsidies, the cost is still there, it's just hidden in
           | some tax or other.
        
             | sirtaj wrote:
             | This line of thinking comes up so often, but ignores second
             | order effects. I don't need schools because I have no
             | children, but I will certainly depend on well educated
             | children entering the workforce.
             | 
             | Or, more facetiously, I don't need a subsidised fire
             | service because no building I visit is currently on fire.
        
               | vasco wrote:
               | Yes but you cannot make up more than about 10-15 examples
               | everyone will agree with, seeing as those are subsidized
               | in practically every country on earth, and then apply the
               | thinking the guy above you gives for everything else.
               | 
               | In my opinion internet access is as fundamental a right
               | now as water access so I think it should be subsidized to
               | a fair degree.
               | 
               | But not for example if it is to supply only a small
               | island of rich people just because they happen to want to
               | live there and force the rest of the state to supply
               | them. There's nuance to these things and we can't just
               | outright subsidized everything and we can't market
               | economy everything either
        
               | sirtaj wrote:
               | I agree with you. The internet is now important enough
               | that it's required for almost everything past basic
               | sustenance. Governments worldwide are moving services to
               | the internet, so it's not even optional any more.
        
               | Terr_ wrote:
               | As precedent, the framers of the US Constitution
               | specifically authorized the government to run a national
               | service provider of last resort...
               | 
               | In that technological era of horses and handwriting, it
               | became the US Postal Service, but I think if it occurred
               | today it would be the US Networking Service.
        
             | AnthonyMouse wrote:
             | > If people truly want something and it can be done
             | profitably, just start a company and do it yourselves.
             | 
             | There is a specific problem with last mile services: It
             | costs approximately the same amount to install fiber down
             | every street whether you have 5% of the customers or 95%.
             | 
             | So you have an incumbent with no competitors and therefore
             | no incentive to invest in infrastructure instead of just
             | charging the monopoly price for the existing bad service
             | forever. If no one new enters the market, that never
             | changes.
             | 
             | However, if there _is_ a new entrant that installs fiber,
             | the incumbent has to do the same thing or they 're going to
             | lose all their customers. So then they do it.
             | 
             | Recall that it costs the same to do that regardless of what
             | percent of the customers you have, but they currently have
             | 100% of the customers. Now no matter what price you charge,
             | if it's enough to recover your costs then it's enough to
             | recover their costs, so they just match your price. Then
             | you're offering the same service or the same price, so
             | there is no benefit to anyone to switch to your service now
             | that they're offering the same thing, and inertia then
             | allows them to keep the majority of the customers. Which
             | means you're now in a price war where you'll be the one to
             | go out of business first because customers will stay with
             | them by default when you both charge the same price. And
             | since this result is predictable, it's hard to get anyone
             | to invest in a company destined to be bankrupted by the
             | incumbent.
             | 
             | Which means that if the customers want someone to compete
             | with the incumbent, they have to invest in it themselves.
             | At which point going bankrupt by forcing the incumbent to
             | install fiber is actually a decent ROI, because you pay the
             | money and then you get fiber. Furthermore, you can even
             | choose to not go bankrupt, by making the basic fiber
             | service "free" (i.e. paid for through local taxes), which
             | then bankrupts the incumbent and prevents the local
             | residents from having to pay the cost of building two fiber
             | networks instead of just one.
        
               | VorpalWay wrote:
               | There is an elegant way to solve this. Mandate that
               | whoever install the fiber lets other companies run their
               | ISP on top of it (with a small but reasonable cut of the
               | profit presumably). I believe this happens (mandated or
               | not) already for mobile phone networks in the form of
               | MVNOs.
               | 
               | And here in Sweden we have the same for fiber. I don't
               | think it is mandated here, since not every place has
               | multiple options like that, but many do. If you have
               | municipality owned fiber (stadsnat) it always work like
               | that I believe, often you have a choice between 15 or so
               | different ISPs.
        
               | toofy wrote:
               | why would we do that? not everything has to skim profits
               | to a certain group of people just because they exist.
               | they can use magical competition and build it if they
               | want a piece.
               | 
               | if an area has been waiting for... (what would it be now?
               | around 30 years since the internet took off?) so these
               | companies had 3 decades to build out and have refused, if
               | we the tax payers step in and we pay for it, why should
               | we let them in? they have refused to do anything for
               | literal decades... even worse, many of these companies
               | took billions in subsidies and still did nothing. they've
               | refused to be good boot strappin capitalists, for
               | decades.
               | 
               | (i want to reiterate what i said above, i believe
               | competition can often work really _really_ well. but if
               | we dont understand by now that it fails sometimes too, we
               | 're not seeing clearly.)
               | 
               | think about how long that is, like some people become
               | grandparents at around 35. someone born in the windows 95
               | days might have a grandkid and the poor sap still wont be
               | able to get fiber. even in tons of urban and suburban
               | areas.
               | 
               | some of these same ceos have gone on about how perfect
               | the marketplace is, how awful taxes are, how magical the
               | marketplace is... decades later if we have to build it,
               | why should they get a piece?
        
               | VorpalWay wrote:
               | Having the municipality run the whole thing would be even
               | better sure. I'm not sure why we do that mix here in
               | Sweden, but it worked out OK for us I think.
               | 
               | Also, wouldn't those subsidies come with a legaly
               | enforceable requirement to actually build out
               | infrastructure? If not, I think that is where you went
               | wrong.
        
               | toofy wrote:
               | im saying we shouldnt give them subsidies at all. if they
               | cant make it work in the marketplace, if they arent up to
               | the task, then the competitive marketplace is a failure
               | in that instance. and thats ok.
               | 
               | no subsidies. if they cant do it, fine, we'll do it and
               | we'll provide cheaper than they ever would have. and in
               | the case of fiber, we _know_ this is the case. there are
               | plenty of municipally owned fiber areas that are solid
               | and cheap af.
               | 
               | its ok to admit that the market doesnt always work.
               | often, absofuckinlutely. always? not at all.
               | 
               | a lack of subsidies would make it obvious where those
               | failures exist so we can just do it ourselves (the spooky
               | government) for cheaper. tell them "you had your chance"
               | and move on with our day.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | The physical cable that goes to every house is a natural
               | monopoly. Really it's even more like the conduit the
               | cable is installed in. Doing that part more than once is
               | both fairly inefficient and tends to market failure.
               | 
               | The rest of the service isn't. Transit is a fairly
               | competitive market. You may also have providers willing
               | to use more expensive terminating equipment and then
               | offer higher-than-gigabit speeds on the same piece of
               | fiber. You want the competitive market for every aspect
               | of the system where it can work and to keep the monopoly
               | as narrow as possible.
               | 
               | Notice that the point isn't to let just Comcast use the
               | municipal fiber and then get ~100% of the customers
               | again, it's to let this happen with fiber to the home:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mobile_virtual_netw
               | ork...
        
             | EliRivers wrote:
             | _just start a company and do it yourselves._
             | 
             | Do I recall incumbent providers lobbying to ensure that
             | competition be forbidden, so that they can continue to
             | charge a lot for bad service? I think at least a couple of
             | years ago, 16 US states had banned community internet at
             | the behest of Comcast and chums.
             | 
             | I suppose that municipal broadband being banned at the
             | behest of incumbent monopolies and duopolies isn't quite
             | outright banning competition; just making it a lot harder
             | to do.
        
           | fragmede wrote:
           | That's nice in theory, but look at how much money has gone to
           | Verizon in the name of rural broadband, and how much they
           | (haven't) delivered. And the consequences.
        
             | deaux wrote:
             | What does giving money to Verizon have to do with
             | _municipal_ (i.e. operated by the municipality) broadband?
        
               | mikkupikku wrote:
               | Municipalities don't know anything about the job and few
               | have the resources and personnel to become sufficiently
               | experienced. I know every other poster on HN has a story
               | where they personally stepped in and saw their local
               | government through the process for incredibly cheap, hey
               | that's great, but how is some random municipality without
               | an elder tech god living with them supposed to get
               | "municipal" internet without contracting with an ISP who
               | actually knows how to get that work done?
               | 
               | We're talking rural broadband. These municipality don't
               | have great human capital for this kind of stuff. Hell,
               | they struggle to just fill potholes.
        
               | toofy wrote:
               | i was only using fiber as just one example. but in the
               | case of fiber, there are plenty of non rural areas that
               | still can't get it and are stuck with terrible options.
               | 
               | even so, even in rural areas, nothing at all stops them
               | from hiring people the same way they hire a weatherman or
               | a police man or a fireman or a city accountant. there are
               | educated intelligent people in rural areas...
        
               | VorpalWay wrote:
               | That is not how it works here. Municipality owned fiber
               | is common here in Sweden (called stadsnat). Often several
               | smaller municipalities join together and co-own the
               | venture.
               | 
               | A common variation is that they just provide the physical
               | infrastructure and you can then select which ISP to use
               | on top of the fiber, from a list of about 15 or so
               | usually. This seems to work fine in rural Sweden, so I
               | don't see why it wouldn't work elsewhere.
               | 
               | As to potholes, that is not a big problem? It is usually
               | a larger problem in the cities than out in the
               | countryside.
        
               | alsetmusic wrote:
               | I guess we have different versions of HN cause the one I
               | read has headlines on the front page pretty regularly
               | about people (collectives, not individuals) doing their
               | own broadband successfully. There's a reason right-
               | wingers and lobbyists are against this and try to pass
               | laws preventing it. It's because it works and undermines
               | their position as rent-seekers who don't invest in their
               | infrastructure.
        
               | ididieicueu wrote:
               | > There's a reason right-wingers and lobbyists are
               | against this and try to pass laws preventing it.
               | 
               | There's a reason POLITICIANS are against this and try to
               | pass laws preventing it.
               | 
               | There, fixed it for you.
               | 
               | Let's not pretend this is a red or blue problem. It's a
               | big boot hovering over your head problem. It's a
               | politician problem.
               | 
               | It doesn't matter if their colour underwear matches
               | yours. This is about people in power doing what they can
               | to stay in power while guaranteeing their easy money.
        
               | red-iron-pine wrote:
               | lol he thinks big ISPs upgrade their infra or care.
        
               | mikkupikku wrote:
               | Did I say that? No, you made it up. Why you chose to make
               | that up, I can only imagine (or should I make things up
               | too?)
               | 
               | Also everybody else responding to me is ignoring the
               | point that most rural municipalities can barely afford
               | keep their roads marginally flat, let alone tear up the
               | roads, lay fiber, then repair those roads. Municipal
               | fiber is a pipe dream in most scenarios, but workable in
               | reasonably high density regions that have a tax base to
               | work with.
        
             | philipallstar wrote:
             | Counterpoint: rural fibre is unbelievably expensive and
             | starlink is solving it in a better way.
        
               | toofy wrote:
               | i'm sorry, but no, starlink is not comparable to fiber.
               | 
               | better than dsl? i mean, sure? but absolutely not even
               | close to better than fiber. there's a reason data centers
               | in rural areas run fiber for miles and miles to their
               | centers and aren't on ... starlink.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _starlink is not comparable to fiber_
               | 
               | Straw man. It doesn't need to comparable. Just
               | sufficient. If a rich rural community wants to pay to lay
               | fiber into the boonies, they can still do that. But it
               | shouldn't be a shared cost across society. (I live in a
               | rural community.)
        
               | hakfoo wrote:
               | What exactly made it possible to get copper wire into
               | effectively every house in the country?
               | 
               | We didn't say "if a rich rural community wants telephones
               | or electricity in the boonies..."
               | 
               | Maybe we need a new Ma Bell that's Uncle Fibre. Give them
               | a very tightly bordered but lucrative monopoly in
               | exchange for mandates to actually build and maintain the
               | network. Perhaps some sort of scheme where consumers
               | actually pay the regulator instead of the service
               | provider, so they can hold payments hostage in the event
               | expansion and QoS goals are not met, giving it real
               | teeth.
               | 
               | It might end up being the same ~USD75-100 per month for
               | 1Gb that many of us are paying for cable now, at least
               | initially, but the cost would be funding making sure
               | people in rural counties are getting modern
               | infrastructure, and gradually ticking up speeds as more
               | and more infra is paid down, rather than on yachts.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _What exactly made it possible to get copper wire into
               | effectively every house in the country?_
               | 
               | Subsidies.
               | 
               | > _making sure people in rural counties are getting
               | modern infrastructure_
               | 
               | Sure. This is inefficient when an alternative is more
               | than sufficient.
               | 
               | Again, I live in a rich rural community. I have gigabit
               | fiber to my home. I have neighbors ditching wired
               | internet for Starlink because it's cheaper and good
               | enough and they can also put it on their truck when they
               | travel.
               | 
               | My property value does well from the subsidy. But it's
               | inefficient.
        
               | axus wrote:
               | My charitable interpretation: adding a turn-key
               | competitor is a better way to incentive the incumbents
               | than a long fight to add a government competitor.
        
             | alsetmusic wrote:
             | That's the opposite of what was proposed above. Stop paying
             | them altogether and replace them in the places where they
             | aren't competing. I think that was the message.
        
           | kaelwd wrote:
           | Australia did that but also paid out the telecom companies a
           | gazillion dollars for infrastructure that had only been
           | privatised like a decade earlier.
        
             | red-iron-pine wrote:
             | they voted a conservative government who did what
             | conservative governments do.
             | 
             | what did people think abbot and turnbull were selling?
             | wasn't better service for users, it was servicing telstra
             | and murdoch.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _where the government should step in and say "welp, you
           | took too long, we're now funding municiple fiber and we'll
           | give it to everyone cheap_
           | 
           | Thereby accruing not only a capital expenditure but ongoing
           | operational obligation? How is this better than scaring the
           | cable company into fronting the cash to get the same outcome?
        
             | AshamedCaptain wrote:
             | In which way this is a viable strategy that you can repeat
             | more than once?
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _In which way this is a viable strategy that you can
               | repeat more than once?_
               | 
               | I'm not saying commit to bluffing. But after the other
               | guy has folded, continuing with your threat just to be
               | petty is kind of dumb.
        
               | AshamedCaptain wrote:
               | Or not if you want the threat to work a next time.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _not if you want the threat to work a next time_
               | 
               | You don't care if it works next time. It worked this
               | time. If it doesn't work next time, build it next time.
        
               | therealpygon wrote:
               | Cool, but isn't this "the next time", after "the next
               | time", after "the next time" already? These companies
               | have been threatened, sued, and incentivized in numerous
               | ways over many years, which has yet to be successful, and
               | yet it seems like you are suggesting "just one more time"
               | will be the impetus for change...this time...you
               | swear...probably?
               | 
               | Note: I don't disagree or agree, rather, I'm pointing out
               | how flawed the logic is that just one more time will be
               | what it takes.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _isn't this "the next time", after "the next time",
               | after "the next time" already?_
               | 
               | No, it's the time that it worked. The cable company
               | upgraded. That's all that matters. Whether it's happened
               | many times or not is irrelevant. The next time will come
               | next time.
               | 
               | > _which has yet to be successful_
               | 
               | OP said they laid the fiber. It was literally successful.
               | Preemptively striking your service provider because they
               | might screw you in the future is silly.
        
               | fn-mote wrote:
               | > after the other guy has folded, continuing with your
               | threat just to be petty is kind of dumb
               | 
               | Your community is still going to be paying whatever the
               | cable company wants to charge for the service. There's
               | definitely a reason to run it yourself.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | If the outcome is you need to pay the next time, but not
               | the first time.... Doesn't it at least save you from
               | having to pay for it the first time?
        
           | DiscourseFan wrote:
           | Isn't this the Chinese system? Using state corporations to
           | spur competition.
        
           | glitchc wrote:
           | > this is a great example of where the government should step
           | in and say "welp, you took too long, we're now funding
           | municiple fiber and we'll give it to everyone cheap. sorry."
           | 
           | In the US, this would likely end with ISPs suing the
           | government, tying the case up in court for years.
        
           | troyvit wrote:
           | > this is a great example of where the government should step
           | in and say "welp, you took too long, we're now funding
           | municiple fiber and we'll give it to everyone cheap. sorry."
           | 
           | That's what my town (Longmont, CO) did! We had laid a fiber
           | loop around the city back in the '90s for traffic signal
           | coordination. Over the years the town would engage different
           | private companies to try to get them to lay fiber (or even
           | directional wifi) to the door. None of them took off, so the
           | city decided to do it themselves. Xfinity tried to sue us and
           | ran a weak attempt at astroturfing, but after about five
           | years of concerted back-hoeing most of the town has gigabit.
           | It isn't 25 gigabit by any means but it works.
           | 
           | Bonus: you call a 303 number for support and somebody who
           | lives here picks up like "What can I do for ya, hun?" (I
           | exaggerate, but not by much). Half an hour later your problem
           | is solved.
           | 
           | Edit: It's $50/month for that.
        
             | toomuchtodo wrote:
             | https://communitynets.org/content/community-network-map
             | 
             | https://communitynetworks.org/content/municipal-ftth-
             | network...
             | 
             |  _How to Build a Fiber Network on a Small-City Budget
             | [video]_ - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OUhtdBZbOMc
             | 
             |  _Getting Fiber to My Town [video]_ -
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24424910 - September
             | 2020 (126 comments)
        
         | laurencerowe wrote:
         | I wish there was a way to achieve that same outcome in my
         | internet backwater of San Francisco.
         | 
         | Nearby blocks have symmetrical GB fibre from Sonic but we only
         | have shity 30MB up from Comcast.
        
           | fragmede wrote:
           | What speed can you get from Monkeybrains?
        
             | laurencerowe wrote:
             | I believe they only offer up to 100mbps. Having 1Gb down
             | from Comcast is definitely useful at times. I just wish I
             | could get more than 30Mb up.
        
           | direwolf20 wrote:
           | Sounds like you do know a way: Buy a spool of fiber and lay
           | one from your house to the nearby block. Make it public
           | knowledge that you're doing this and sharing internet with
           | your neighbours (even if you're not). The incumbent will
           | quickly upgrade your area.
        
             | inemesitaffia wrote:
             | ROW?
        
               | direwolf20 wrote:
               | It's easier to ask forgiveness than permission,
               | especially if nobody notices.
        
             | franga2000 wrote:
             | A few years ago I learned that the only thing keeping me on
             | 20/2 ADLS was a few 100 meters of already built but empty
             | cable channel. I easily could buy that much fibre, borrow a
             | fibre splicer and cable puller, patch it up to a relative
             | in one of the already wired buildings and share their
             | gigabit link with my entire apartment building. Half of my
             | building was on the ISP that owned the empty channel, so
             | moving to a competitor would've directly hurt their bottom
             | line.
             | 
             | Except that opening the manholes is a crime, using the
             | ISP's channels would be at least a civil cause of action,
             | laying such infra requires a municipal permit... The ISP
             | was not worried about such "competition".
             | 
             | Now try doing this in the US, the land of endless red tape,
             | NIMBYs and HOAs. And without having an already dug cable
             | channel. Sure, that's going to scare the probably multi-
             | billion-$ incumbent ISP...
        
               | direwolf20 wrote:
               | People are too afraid of breaking the law. Look at every
               | multi billion dollar company - all of them got where they
               | are by breaking the law. How's it going to look in front
               | of a jury when the government says "this man illegally
               | brought cheap and fast internet to a neighbourhood?" The
               | companies don't even have narratives that nice.
               | 
               | Even YC startups are encouraged to break the laws. The
               | key is knowing which laws you can break, how much you can
               | break them, and what's likely to happen if you're caught.
               | When an illegal good thing is caught, the response is
               | usually to slap on the wrist and legalise it.
               | 
               | A lot of current ISPs did start out illegally too.
               | 
               | Don't splice into other people's fibers though. That's a
               | much worse crime of property damage.
        
               | franga2000 wrote:
               | You can break the law if you have money. That's it.
               | 
               | You won't be in front of a jury for "setting up fast
               | internet". You'll get caught climbing into a manhole with
               | electrician tools and charged with terrorism. The jury
               | will be fed a story of how you had expensive specialized
               | equipment on you, so this was a well-funded professional
               | attempt at sabotaging critical infrastructure. You'll
               | have a shitty public defender who will only realise that
               | fiber in this case is about internet not clothing because
               | he first read the file in the taxi to the courthouse.
               | You'll take a plea deal because you can't afford a trial.
               | 
               | The system doesn't work how you think it does, at least
               | not for the people on the ground.
        
               | direwolf20 wrote:
               | You'll have money because you'll be selling fast internet
               | to people. If YCombinator startups can make it work, so
               | can you. Wear a hi-vis vest.
        
               | sophrosyne42 wrote:
               | This, more than anything, is the cause of limited space
               | utilities monopolies. Companies have to license use of
               | the backing infrastructure, and most often municipalities
               | only give these easements to a tiny number of players.
               | It's a textbook government granted monopoly.
        
               | franga2000 wrote:
               | To be fair, that's not necessarily a bad thing. I don't
               | want five different fibre lines going to every apartment
               | building. That's more construction, more space use and
               | more material costs. Ideally, we'd have one run going to
               | every building, which the ISPs could share. Instead of 5x
               | the fibre to every building, we'd get 5x the buildings
               | with fibre.
               | 
               | To put it another way, the building of infrastructure
               | should be a monopoly, but the use should be free (as in
               | speech, not beer)
        
               | MarioMan wrote:
               | > I don't want five different fibre lines going to every
               | apartment building
               | 
               | It's funny that you'd mention this. My apartment fiber
               | has four lines going into my unit, all under AT&T
               | service, apparently for redundancy. I only use one.
               | 
               | https://imgur.com/a/Ss19AKk
        
           | petra wrote:
           | Is there a possibility to create a wireless point-to-point
           | link ?
        
             | ExoticPearTree wrote:
             | Yes. You can actually buy pairs of antennas (basically an
             | AP pair) that do just that. The only downside is that the
             | signal quality varies based on weather.
             | 
             | If you want something more or less weather proof, you can
             | get microwave P2P links that run in licensed bands and you
             | don't get any signal interference from similar nearby
             | antennas.
             | 
             | Both WiFi and Microwave equipment act just like bridges and
             | you can connect them to a switch or router.
        
               | laurencerowe wrote:
               | We have an ISP (Monkeybrains) that offers this in SF but
               | it's only up to 100 Mbps each way.
               | 
               | I recently tried AT&T fixed wireless which runs over the
               | mobile network but it seems too congested to offer high
               | speeds so ended up back with Comcast.
        
         | throw0101d wrote:
         | > _Sadly, the municipality didn't have any capital to invest a
         | penny into that fiber_ [...]
         | 
         | Would borrowing money (issuing a bond) be an option in cases
         | like this? Pay it off over the course a decade (two/three?),
         | and make the payments part of the fee put to users?
        
           | ttul wrote:
           | Yes, they could have borrowed money. It requires a
           | referendum, but I believe it would have passed. Alas, many
           | small community politicians are retired folks (who else has
           | time when you're getting paid $500/mo) and in my case, they
           | just didn't get how crucial this stuff is.
        
         | wisemanwillhear wrote:
         | I think this demonstrates that while there are many factors at
         | play, including difference in geography as many have pointed
         | out, the main factor is priority. American's generally have
         | different priorities, sometimes that just prioritizing our
         | personal comfort by not having to fight against the current
         | "system". So, even if we would love to have better internet,
         | other things are more important. I'm one of those people. My
         | cellular based rural internet would be considered poor by most
         | people on Hacker News, but it's good enough for us. I have no
         | motivation to pay for faster. I only rarely download large file
         | and have always been willing to let them download in the
         | background and come back hours later. If I'm going to campaign
         | for something I currently have far bigger priorities.
        
         | autoexec wrote:
         | > Competition works, folks. Even if you have to fake it.
         | 
         | Sometimes it works in ways you don't expect though
         | https://arstechnica.com/uncategorized/2008/07/telco-wont-ins...
        
       | ma2kx wrote:
       | Init7 has on its blog another amazing write up
       | https://blog.init7.net/en/die-glasfaserstreit-geschichte/
        
         | jauntywundrkind wrote:
         | Congress passed the Telecommunications Act of 1996 in the US
         | which demanded network unbundling, splitting up the
         | fiber/connections versus the internet service, demanding
         | wholesale rate access to infrastructure. It was good.
         | 
         | Then the courts decided, meh, we just don't like it. We are
         | going to tell the FCC otherwise. It all went away. The
         | incumbent local carriers have now had monopoly power over huge
         | swarths of the infrastructure. No access to dark fiber.
         | https://www.dwt.com/insights/2004/03/federal-court-eviscerat...
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Telecom_Associat...
         | 
         | Verizon also sued, and said, sure, there's laws for unbundling.
         | But, we really don't like them. We aren't going to deploy fiber
         | if we have to share. And the court once again said, oh, yeah,
         | well, that's fine, we'll grant that: we'll strike down
         | congress's law because "innovation" sounds better.
         | https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/cadc/1...
         | 
         | It's just so so so much corruption, so much meddling from the
         | court to undo everything good congress worked so hard to make
         | happen, that was such an essential baseline to allow
         | competition. I remain very very angry about this all. This was
         | such a sad decade of losing so much goodness, such competition.
         | These damn cartels! The courts that keep giving them everything
         | they want! Bah!!
         | 
         | I think it was a other case,
        
           | frmersdog wrote:
           | And this is almost certainly the direct cause of the Dot Com
           | Bubble bursting.
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wcv0600V5q4
           | 
           | We were bamboozled on a massive scale.
        
       | bethekidyouwant wrote:
       | Why isn't france your European example? Its larger and better
       | served than switzerland
        
         | lava_pidgeon wrote:
         | Any sources?
        
       | joe_the_user wrote:
       | Looks like a good article explaining some key concepts like
       | natural monopoly.
       | 
       | And yeah, the US model is to tout free enterprise to the skies
       | but then have the state give control of a given market to a
       | single or a couple of monopolists.
       | 
       | The problem is the US has created a constituency of state-
       | dependent small and large business people whose livelihood
       | depends this contradictory free-enterprise ideology.
        
         | underlipton wrote:
         | The ultimate irony being that these people are the most likely
         | to vote against social safety nets. "No free lunches" and such.
        
         | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
         | It's not a good article at all...
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=47654841
        
       | tickerticker wrote:
       | I wish this kind of perspective (international comparison) could
       | be applied to several areas of the USA economy: tax compliance,
       | campaign finance, and banking regulation. Good work, OP.
       | 
       | In Charlotte NC, I have 3 choices of internet providers, two of
       | them fiber.
       | 
       | As you are doing with this post, "broaden the base." The vast
       | majority of voters do not understand the issues here. That is
       | your biggest obstacle.
       | 
       | My POV would call this regulatory failure vs free market lie.
       | That way, the enemy is a smaller target.
       | 
       | Path to progress is to get a friendly state (WY, RI, TX) to pass
       | the legislation. Then shop that around among activists in other
       | states.
       | 
       | If people knew they were only getting 1/25 of a shared product,
       | that would get political hackles up.
       | 
       | Thanks for taking the time to think this through and make your
       | argument.
        
       | burnt-resistor wrote:
       | Municipal and co-op broadband in the US needs subsidies, loans,
       | replication, and expansion. Where I live has a farmer co-op for
       | electricity and internet in a mostly sparse, rural area with
       | various residential housing developments scattered around. What
       | was GFiber in the regionally-nearby metropolitan area had beta 20
       | Gbps internet for $250 USD/mo. 1 Gbps symmetric fiber co-op is
       | $100 USD/mo. Prices are high compared to Europe. Possibly not
       | high prices compared to Australia.
        
       | chrismcb wrote:
       | Because it isn't a free market in the USA. And those that
       | regulate it don't seem to care. Or maybe it is those that have
       | been granted a monopoly do everything they can to retain said
       | monopoly. Things would be different if we actually had a free
       | market
        
         | littlestymaar wrote:
         | Free market enthusiasts' reasoning is literary the same as
         | Communists': when their grand theory fails to deliver its
         | grandiose promises, it's nver because their believes where
         | nonsensical, but because "it isn't real Communism/free market".
        
           | emtel wrote:
           | Communist regimes, especially the USSR, had nearly unlimited
           | power to impose exactly the policies that supposedly would
           | help.
           | 
           | Open societies, in contrast, must balance many competing
           | interests and voting factions, meaning that free market
           | supporters have limited power to enact their preferred
           | policies, meaning they rarely can be implemented in a "pure"
           | form.
        
             | intalentive wrote:
             | That's a nice story. In reality the "open society" is open
             | to takeover by international finance capital. It's like
             | running a server with "admin":"password" SSH credentials --
             | a security vulnerability that cedes control to outsiders.
             | Imagine China and Iran allowing Larry Ellison to own their
             | media, or allowing Larry Fink to control a big chunk of
             | their markets, or allowing George Soros to manipulate their
             | currency and operate NGOs within their borders. That would
             | be plainly idiotic and suicidal.
             | 
             | "Open society!" coos the fox to the henhouse. LOL, no
             | thanks!
        
           | 0x3f wrote:
           | Seems pretty reasonable to me. Is your contention that we
           | _have_ achieved some pure form of free markets or Communism?
        
             | littlestymaar wrote:
             | The thing is none of the "pure forms" are realistic outside
             | of books.
             | 
             | If your system needs absolute theoretical purity to work,
             | then it's worthless. And that's true of both communism and
             | free market.
        
               | 0x3f wrote:
               | I'm not sure this is true. What you're describing is the
               | local optimum problem. Yes, the local optimum is better
               | if you can't push through to a better one, of course. And
               | heading merely 'towards' the better optimum often makes
               | things immediately worse. But that doesn't make the
               | better optima worthless, or ever-unreachable.
               | 
               | It seems a bit like saying humans will never fly. It's a
               | question of technology level, in the sense that
               | governance is a form of economic technology. Which is
               | what leaves it open to people saying it can be done
               | better.
               | 
               | The best solution changes over time, essentially. It's a
               | question of fitness to the current context.
        
               | littlestymaar wrote:
               | Until you get a technology that makes people acting
               | perfectly rationally, with perfect information and
               | getting marginal cost equal to average cost[1], free
               | market is never gonna work.
               | 
               | And until you get a technology that prevents leadership
               | to be egoistic and corrupt, Communism is never going to
               | work.
               | 
               | I'm not holding my breath for any of those tech to
               | happen.
               | 
               | [1]: interestingly enough, such a condition is pretty
               | much antithetical to capitalism as it requires capital to
               | be free.
        
               | 0x3f wrote:
               | I'm not sure I really understand. What do you mean by
               | "never gonna work"? Because markets obviously do largely
               | work, despite the fact that people are not perfectly
               | rational and there are other inefficiencies at the edges.
               | They have their degenerate cases, of course, but I don't
               | think anyone would say markets "don't work" in general.
               | 
               | Most successful economies are largely market-based, as
               | things stand today. Even the successful command economies
               | (i.e. China) use markets extensively.
               | 
               | Unless you mean perfectly free markets will never be
               | perfect resource allocators. Well yes, perhaps, but what
               | does that matter if there's no perfect solution? The
               | nudges required to 'fix' markets are a form of
               | technology, as discussed. As such, it either exists and
               | is effective or not.
        
               | littlestymaar wrote:
               | With enough regulations, subsidies, strategic planning
               | and government interventions when things turn bad, _mixed
               | economies_ do the job pretty well, that 's right. And
               | when the regulation is lacking the outcome is as well.
               | 
               | And even these economies are structured around
               | monopolistic and oligopolistic actors.
               | 
               | They are as related to "free market" as northern European
               | countries welfare state is related to Communism.
        
               | 0x3f wrote:
               | Right, those are the current technologies we have to make
               | markets work in a particular way. They don't preclude
               | other technologies which work with freer markets.
               | 
               | Like there's a whole zoo of healthcare provision
               | approaches, for example. Single payer can work fine (ala
               | Norway), but so can Bismarck (ala Switzerland). The
               | latter is a technological architecture that _enables_
               | similar or better outcomes, while being closer to a fully
               | market-based approach.
        
               | littlestymaar wrote:
               | It's not "closer to a fully market-based approach" any
               | more than climbing a hill makes you closer to the moon.
               | 
               | Also, if you call regulations "technologies" (which I
               | don't disagree with) then "free market" means technology-
               | free.
        
               | 0x3f wrote:
               | But climbing a hill does make you closer to the moon.
               | There's nothing wrong with incremental progress towards a
               | goal, assuming this is a goal for the free-market people.
               | 
               | Also, I'm not sure a free market is technology-free per
               | se. What you're talking about is specifically ancap-like,
               | but most free market frameworks involve a state actor
               | that should (among other things) not allow for itself to
               | be weaponized against other market participants.
               | 
               | Like the paradox of tolerance, you can't tolerate a free
               | market for bribing your way to benefit from the state's
               | monopoly on violence. I don't think the existence of this
               | paradox destroys the value of free markets or tolerance.
        
           | thesmtsolver2 wrote:
           | Totally, tons of govt. regulation and interference is what
           | defines a free market. /s
        
         | schubidubiduba wrote:
         | Some markets just inherently turn non-free very quickly when
         | left unsupervised. Especially infrastructure markets.
        
           | simoncion wrote:
           | Most markets inherently turn non-free when left unsupervised.
           | That's the insight that folks like Keynes came to (as does
           | any honest, informed observer with two or more functioning
           | brain cells). That's why anti-trust and competition-
           | preserving regulators and laws are essential. Without them, a
           | very few powerful players form [0] cartels and/or
           | tri/du/monopolies and enrich themselves vastly out of
           | proportion with the value that they provide to their
           | customers.
           | 
           | [0] ...often legally protected...
        
             | intalentive wrote:
             | There won't be anti-trust as long as elections can be
             | bought and there's a revolving door between regulators and
             | industry. We need a firewall to separate capital and state.
        
               | jatora wrote:
               | Yep. But everyone's realized this ship has sailed in the
               | US right? Regulatory capture is complete.
        
             | nothinkjustai wrote:
             | No they don't. What happens is that people want to
             | manipulate the market for a variety of reasons, so they do
             | that, and then really _really_ smart people come along
             | later and try to claim that those manipulators weren't
             | actually the problem but the solution! It is completely
             | backwards, like reversing cause and effect. It's like
             | blaming a person for standing in the path of a bullet
             | instead of the one firing the gun.
             | 
             | Want a free market? _Stop messing with it._
        
               | simoncion wrote:
               | > No they don't.
               | 
               | Yes, they do. Price competition and R&D are _expensive_
               | activities. Businesses seek to maximize profit, as they
               | 're not charities or governmental entities. Neutralizing
               | competition (whether by eliminating it or colluding with
               | it) and entering into private agreements with suppliers
               | and vendors to box out any potential upstarts increases
               | profit. Another fine way for a monopoly or cartel to
               | increase profit is to make their product cheaper to
               | produce by adulterating it with inferior ingredients, but
               | mislead customers about the fact of the quality loss, the
               | reason for the quality loss, or both.
               | 
               | The natural stable state of a profit-seeking business is
               | the establishment of a monopoly or cartel. You get the
               | most profit when there is neither a need to compete on
               | price nor a need to expend resources on improving one's
               | product.
        
               | nothinkjustai wrote:
               | That isn't really true though, monopolies are not
               | sustainable. Pretty much the only way to create a long
               | lived monopoly is to collude with the government (also a
               | monopoly btw).
        
               | simoncion wrote:
               | > ...monopolies are not sustainable.
               | 
               | You might be surprised to learn that the private sector
               | can enter into durable agreements much like the public
               | sector does. It's how things like mon/oligopolies and
               | cartels form and persist.
               | 
               | Anyway. I'd suggest you go read your histories, but
               | you're either unlikely to, or don't have enough
               | supporting information to understand what they're telling
               | you. If you're young enough [0] to be alive thirty to
               | sixty years from now, and you're living in a place -like
               | the US- that's steadily dismantling its consumer
               | protection regulations, then do pay attention to how
               | things have changed between now and near to the end of
               | your life. Take especial care to track down the root
               | causes of the differences, rather than just uncritically
               | swallowing whatever explanations you're handed.
               | 
               | [0] ...and lucky enough...
        
               | nothinkjustai wrote:
               | Loool. It's pretty funny to have someone condescendingly
               | tell you to think critically while they parrot the most
               | banal, propagandized justification for government
               | interventionism. One thing I'm definitely observing is a
               | K shaped economy and massive inflation leading to
               | worsening quality of life. I don't really wish to
               | experience that same thing for the next thirty to sixty
               | years thank you very much.
               | 
               | Anyways, the problem with monopoly pricing is that it's
               | unsustainable despite whatever agreements are made, as
               | companies will defect and/or new companies enter. In
               | other words, it's competition itself which prevents
               | monopolies from lasting very long, and that competition
               | comes partially from having a low barrier to entry. There
               | is a reason why the most expensive industries tend to be
               | the most regulated.
        
           | db48x wrote:
           | That may or may not be true, but in this case many cities
           | signed exclusivity agreements with cable companies in the 60s
           | and 70s when cable was becoming popular. Back then it was not
           | technically feasible to have multiple cable companies sharing
           | the same cable; the same set of analog channels had to be
           | broadcast to every subscriber. Multiple subscribers, often
           | hundreds of them in apartments, were attached to the same run
           | of coaxial cable in a daisy chain or using splitters. Those
           | agreements carried over to internet service once the cable
           | companies started offering it. It made sense 50 years ago,
           | but today it means that we haven't actually had much of a
           | free market. Now the FTTH is cheap and readily available,
           | that is starting to reverse simple because the monopoly
           | agreements only apply to _cable_ networks, not to fiber
           | networks.
        
         | chaostheory wrote:
         | Yes, the duopolies are due to regulatory capture in the US.
         | 
         | A lot of ISPs need permitting that they will never get in order
         | to enter a new market/location.
        
         | hibikir wrote:
         | And even with a free market, there's areas where making up the
         | investment would be difficult, because the amount of effort
         | divided by the number of likely subscribers, still wouldn't
         | pencil out for 20+ years. A lot of Americans live in suburbs
         | that are just low density enough that updating the infra to get
         | fiber anywhere near the house is expensive, and then you might
         | have quite a bit of fiber specific to that one subscriber. The
         | difference in how much infrastructure you need vs a city is
         | substantial.
        
       | dlcarrier wrote:
       | tl;dr: The lie here is the assumption that the US has, or has
       | ever had, a free market for wired internet service providers.
       | 
       | The article initially does a good job of describing the
       | situation, but gets a bit confused when it gets to the history of
       | the US, especially this line "This is what happens when you let
       | natural monopolies operate without oversight." What it's
       | discussing is not natural monopolies; it's discussing public
       | utilities which are granted monopolies expressly through
       | regulation, not despite it. Also, the US has a lot of oversite on
       | wired ISPs. The prices are almost always approved by regulators.
       | 
       | A good example of a natural monopoly is Google search. It's
       | pretty common for people to get frustrated by it, and look for
       | other search engines. There's also multiple companies trying to
       | compete with it. Normally this would mean that users would
       | migrate to the competitors, but Google's search algorithms have
       | been so good that practically every user has stayed with Google.
       | 
       | Natural monopolies are still easily disrupted, if the naturally-
       | occurring barrier changes. For example, Internet Explorer had a
       | natural monopoly, due to Microsoft's "embrace and extend"
       | strategy giving it many capabilities that other web browser
       | didn't have. When the internet market quickly migrated from a
       | feature-first market to a security-first market, Internet
       | explorer was quickly overtaken by Chrome and Firefox. There's a
       | reasonable chance the same thing will happen with Google Search,
       | as the market for it's search algorithm is overtaken for the
       | marked for LLM based web searches, which Google is pretty bad at.
       | 
       | Anyway, the reason Comcast or Charter is the only one that
       | provides cable internet in your area isn't because it's too
       | expensive for anyone else to deploy cables. At the margins they
       | operate, it would be well worthwhile to invest in a parallel
       | infrastructure, but it's downright prohibited almost everywhere
       | in the US. In fact, they may own the rights to lay cable, despite
       | having never laid any. This is the case where I live, for the
       | phone company, which plays by similar rules.
       | 
       | Fixed-wireless internet providers are starting to provide some
       | competition, as backhauls have improve enough that cellular
       | providers can compete with wired internet providers. T-Mobile is
       | currently offering $20/mo fixed wireless add-on plans, with a
       | five-year price guarantee. To complete with the fixed-wireless
       | market, Comcast has launched a service called NOW Internet, which
       | starts at $30/mo with a similar price guarantee and no no add-on
       | requirement.
       | 
       | Speaking of "starting at", a large source of high prices is the
       | common use of FUD to pressure users into paying for more than
       | they need, or can even use. Very few households peak at more than
       | even 40 Mbps (https://www.wsj.com/graphics/faster-internet-not-
       | worth-it/) and the starting price of almost every provider is
       | above that, but must customers have been talked into higher-tier
       | plans.
       | 
       | The only web hosts that regularly provide data faster than that
       | are video game distributors, so if you are in the type of
       | household that would like to download game updates in minutes,
       | instead of tens of minutes, while also watching multiple 4K video
       | streams, then comparing other plans may be worthwhile, otherwise
       | stick with the absolute cheapest plan available from all
       | providers that serve your area. (And, if you are big on multi-
       | player gaming, selecting the ISP with the lowest latency will be
       | beneficial, but all plans from a given service will be the same
       | latency.)
        
         | LoganDark wrote:
         | > tl;dr: The lie here is the assumption that the US has, or has
         | ever had, a free market for wired internet service providers.
         | 
         | The point is that "free market" is a lie, not that the US ever
         | had one.
        
         | zimpenfish wrote:
         | > The only web hosts that regularly provide data faster than
         | [40Mbps] are video game distributors
         | 
         | No? I've been trying to download my MyMiniFactory library[0]
         | and I'm currently getting 25MBps over 5 downloads. A single
         | download will easily do 15MBps.
         | 
         | [0] Which sucks, even at high speed - they have no API, no bulk
         | download, and you're limited to 6 items at a time. I have to
         | click through 1000+ items with easily 5000+ sub-items and
         | individually download each one.
        
       | dmix wrote:
       | In Canada our internet became much faster for cheaper with better
       | customer support when the government allowed competition from
       | smaller players. Telecom also got better when they allowed a
       | foreign competitor to compete against the government mandated
       | oligopoly. But the market is still heavily regulated in a way
       | that benefits the existing monopolies.
        
         | skeeter2020 wrote:
         | I think Canada is a great example of how not to do it, despite
         | some price decreases in recent years. We seem to have (near)
         | the worst of all worlds: huge geography, little competition,
         | and government regulation that props up the oligopoly without
         | driving prices down like Europe. Mobile data is even worse.
        
           | xethos wrote:
           | I'm running out my contract with TekSavvy (~$80 CAD for
           | gigabit) before switching to Novus (~$60 CAD for 2.5), and my
           | partner and I just switched to Fido (~$30 CAD for 80gig and
           | international calls/SMS).
           | 
           | Considering the geography and all the per-capita math (and
           | pain), I don't think we're doing too bad as a country any
           | more.
        
             | gnabgib wrote:
             | That last one is a phone plan.. not exactly apples to
             | apples (it's good, but an 80GB/mo cap is rarely enough for
             | home.. and nothing like a 2.5gbps internet plan).
        
           | jeltz wrote:
           | Canada is very urbanized so your huge geography does not
           | matter much. It is much harder to get fast internet in a
           | rural and mountainous country like Norway and they have
           | succeeded way better than Canada. I think the Canadian
           | telecom oligopoly is almost entirely to blame.
        
         | tredre3 wrote:
         | > In Canada our internet became much faster for cheaper with
         | better customer support when the government allowed competition
         | from smaller players.
         | 
         | What the CRTC did was force the big players who own all the
         | infrastructure to allow _resellers_ to resell their services,
         | and have to pay no more than cost to the big guy.
         | 
         | Those "smaller players" have a marginal involvement in the
         | entire network aspect. They usually host ISP emails and
         | sometimes DNS. Some of them do provide better customer service
         | than the upstream big guy. At least until they need upstream
         | help to resolve your issue, then it takes forever.
         | 
         | The other type of small players, who install their own
         | infrastructure in smaller municipalities, were not impacted by
         | this change. Some provinces (SK, QC) do give generous grants to
         | those small players to install fibers. But AFAIK there is no
         | federal involvement specifically to help them.
        
       | jeffrallen wrote:
       | This is about urban Switzerland. Way out in the country, we still
       | have crap copper up on poles, which maxes out at 25 Mbits.
       | 
       | But yes, Swisscom (owners if the old crap copper) do have to let
       | the competitors use it.
        
         | sschueller wrote:
         | Yes, that is sadly still the case but the expansion of the
         | fiber build out is now rapidly moving forward. By 2030 +90%
         | will have fiber
         | 
         | https://www.swisscom.ch/en/about/news/2024/02/08-weniger-kup...
        
           | martinald wrote:
           | That's actually terrible. The UK (which has been a laggard in
           | FTTH in Europe until very recently) is at 84% FTTH coverage
           | already.
        
         | abc03 wrote:
         | Currently also have copper and Sunrise cable. Just got the
         | cables to the house two weeks ago. I'm now waiting for the
         | local electricity company to get in-house installation.
         | Everything at no costs. So yes, it's progressing fast.
        
         | rettichschnidi wrote:
         | Swisscom has to do better, as regulated by the government. One
         | can get 80/8 Mbit/s for CHF 65/month:
         | https://www.swisscom.ch/en/residential/landline-subscription...
        
           | drnick1 wrote:
           | > 80/8 Mbit/s for CHF 65/month
           | 
           | This is a terrible value, and good luck uploading anything at
           | 8Mbps...
        
       | clcaev wrote:
       | This factoring of a market to enable competition by centralizing
       | minimal infrastructure seems the bedrock of best governmental
       | practice. Are there other examples to lean on? How do we turn
       | this into common knowledge?
        
       | gigatexal wrote:
       | what a well written article.
       | 
       | makes me very much consider moving to Switzerland. I'd be happy
       | with symmetric 5Gbit internet. Anything more would be overkill
       | imo.
       | 
       | I hated working with ISPs in the states. Ever try cancelling
       | Comcast? You literally get routed to a department whose sole
       | reason for being is to talk you out of it.
       | 
       | I really like the idea, share the lines compete on execution.
       | 
       | One thing the article doesn't mention is in Germany the
       | electricity and gas lines are more or less this approach. I can
       | switch electricity providers like the article author can switch
       | ISPs. It's a common practice to do so about 1x a year to take
       | advantage of customer acquisition incentives.
        
       | comrade1234 wrote:
       | I'm in Zurich and I have 1Gb. My provider is offering higher for
       | no additional cost - I'd have to put in a new modem/fiber-to-
       | Ethernet adapter. However my home network is cat-5e and my switch
       | is also 1Gb so I don't bother - it's pointless.
        
         | strictnein wrote:
         | Unless your house is gigantic, cat-5e can handle 2.5Gbps just
         | fine.
        
         | dmoy wrote:
         | I get 1G (in the US) and am in a similar boat - I could pay for
         | 8G, and my house is even wired for 10G. But..... all my network
         | equipment is 1G, we rarely saturate it, and I don't want to
         | shell out like a thousand dollars to replace my router, three
         | managed switches, and three AP.
         | 
         | Actually $1k might not even do it all, but I could probably get
         | the switches and router for just under $1k and leave the WiFi
         | at 1G.
         | 
         | I suspect my 1G costs a bit more than yours though
        
         | toast0 wrote:
         | I run 10G on cat-5e, so don't let that be a blocker. Your
         | switch and your devices and your router not doing more than 1G
         | would still be an issue though.
         | 
         | Of course, my internet is only 1g/1g unless I want to pay to
         | upgrade the munifiber's equipment, and they use good telecom
         | grade equipment, so I don't.
        
       | userbinator wrote:
       | All connections to the Internet are at some level "shared",
       | except perhaps if you get a direct connection to one of the core
       | routers. As others have mentioned, this is in a dense area and
       | much closer to being in a LAN environment.
       | 
       | The other point that I'd like to bring up is how useful is a 25G
       | connection to your local demarcation point if your speeds to most
       | sites will be far lower in practice because the Internet isn't
       | circuit-switched.
       | 
       | Care to give a rebuttal?
        
         | userbinator wrote:
         | Apparently this discussion is full of people who don't even
         | know how the Internet actually works. Not surprising for an
         | article that is basically ragebait.
        
       | andy99 wrote:
       | What does one achieve with 25 GB internet? Are speeds actually
       | usefully faster, or is there some other bottleneck that makes the
       | practical speed the same as in the US?
       | 
       | Also any workload I have that is bandwidth heavy would be on
       | clouds machines between data centres and generally very fast. Are
       | there reasons why someone at home would benefit from 25GB
       | internet beyond whatever is available?
       | 
       | Is this a case of over engineered central planning instead of a
       | blow against the free market?
        
         | hparadiz wrote:
         | I can actually get 7 gbit but have no idea what I'd use with
         | it. I'd need to upgrade my entire lan just to make use of it.
        
           | simoncion wrote:
           | > I'd need to upgrade my entire lan just to make use of it.
           | 
           | If the concern is cost (rather than recabling the house)
           | Mikrotik sells solid, inexpensive gear. Its management UIs
           | take a bit of getting used to, but are fine once you've
           | figured them out. You can also find two-port Intel 10gbit
           | NICs on the Newegg "Marketplace" for ~40USD [0], and -while
           | most already come with modules (and you will be informed if
           | they don't)- if the X520s you're sold don't permit non-Intel
           | transcievers, the NIC's firmware can usually be easily
           | modified to change that. [1]
           | 
           | [0]
           | <https://www.newegg.com/intel-e10g42bfsr/p/N82E16833106041>
           | 
           | [1] <https://forums.servethehome.com/index.php?threads%2Fpatc
           | hing...>
        
           | db48x wrote:
           | It's not official, but you don't always need to replace Cat5
           | cable with Cat6 to support 10Gbps Ethernet. Cat5 might only
           | get you a quarter of the range of Cat6 on a good day, but
           | since the range of Ethernet is 300 feet you would need a
           | really big house to have cables that were too long.
           | 
           | But generally the real question is how often the extra speed
           | would give you a real measurable advantage. If it's only a
           | few times per month then it's probably not worth the extra
           | subscription cost.
        
         | wat10000 wrote:
         | I routinely max out my 1Gbps connection downloading large files
         | for work. 25Gbps would cut my waiting substantially. I'm not
         | sure how likely it is that the server would be able to fill
         | that pipe, but if such connections were common, they'd probably
         | make it happen.
         | 
         | If people don't actually use the extra speed then it's
         | effectively free to provide, anyway. If providers could
         | advertise 25Gbps while only needing the same capacity they do
         | for 1Gbps, I imagine they'd do it just to bring in a few more
         | customers. The fact that they don't suggests it would result in
         | more usage suggests it would be useful.
        
         | Hikikomori wrote:
         | How many times has this argument been made?
        
           | sschueller wrote:
           | I heard that argument when I got 28.8k modem back in the day
           | when that was quite uncommon.
        
           | sowbug wrote:
           | Enough to make https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jevons_paradox
           | into a thing.
        
         | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
         | I think you misunderstood the article, or perhaps didn't read
         | it?
         | 
         | So the way the system works is each house has 4 physical fibers
         | into it, that go into a central office without being aggregated
         | up. Inside the central office any ISP can offer any speed vs
         | price option they want, because they just patch you in at layer
         | 1.
         | 
         | So of course, most people wouldn't necessarily need to get
         | 26Gbit. But if you want to offer it as an ISP you can, and it's
         | up to customers to decide if it's worth the price.
         | 
         | One obvious use case would be folks that work with high
         | resolution video. Uncompressed 8K is about 8TiB per hour of
         | footage. Compressed raw like RED cinema et all are more like
         | 1TiB per hour at the high quality settings.
         | 
         | 25Gbit vs 1Gbit for moving 1TiB is 5 minutes vs 2 hours.
         | 
         | A quick google says the 25Gbit service from Init7 is $80 bucks
         | a month.
         | 
         | Sounds like an astoundingly good deal vs what's available in
         | the US to me.
        
           | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
           | And a slightly more detailed Google search says it isn't a
           | sold or universally.
        
         | manquer wrote:
         | Workloads emerge with higher capacity not other way around.
         | Lossless media, to virtual reality applications all scale
         | better with more available bandwidth.
         | 
         | An average AAA game is 100-200GB today. That is not by
         | accident, The best residential internet of 1Gbps dedicated it
         | is still 30 minutes of download, for the average buyer it is
         | still few hours easily.
         | 
         | A 2TB today game is a 5 hour download on 1 Gbps connection and
         | days for median buyer. Game developers can not think of a 2TB
         | game if storage capacity, I/O performance, and bandwidth all do
         | not support it.
         | 
         | Hypothetically If I could ship a 200TB game I would probably
         | pre-render most of the graphics at much higher
         | resolutions/frame-rates than compute it poorly on the GPU on
         | the fly.
         | 
         | More fundamentally, we would lean towards less compute on
         | client and more computed assets driven approach for
         | applications. A good example of that in tech world in the last
         | decade is how we have switched to using docker/container layers
         | from just distributing source files or built packages. the
         | typical docker images in the corporate world exceed 1GB, the
         | source files being actually shipped are probably less than 10Mb
         | of that. We are trading size for better control, Pre built
         | packages instead of source was the same trade-off in 90s.
         | 
         | Depending on what is more scarce you optimize for it. Single
         | threaded and even multi-threaded compute growth has been
         | slowing down. Consumer internet bandwidth has no such physics
         | limit that processors do so it is not a bad idea to optimize
         | for pre-computed assets delivery rather than rely on client
         | side compute.
        
           | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
           | And even at 1Gbps when I had it, the game servers couldn't
           | keep up.
        
             | simoncion wrote:
             | I'll assume by "game servers" you mean "video game binary
             | and asset distribution servers that support game stores
             | like Steam and Epic and others".
             | 
             | When I paid Comcast for 1.5Gbit/s down, Steam would
             | saturate that downlink with most games. I now pay for
             | service that's no less than 100mbit symmetric, but is
             | almost always something like 300->600mbit. Steam can
             | -obviously- saturate that. Amusingly, the Epic Games Store
             | (EGS) client _cannot_. Why?
             | 
             | Well, as far as I can tell, the problem is that -unlike the
             | Steam client- the EGS client single-threads its downloads
             | and does a _lot_ of CPU-heavy work as part of those
             | downloads. Back when I was running Windows, EGS game
             | downloads absolutely pegged _one_ of my 32 logical CPUs and
             | left a _ton_ of download bandwidth unused. In contrast,
             | Steam sets like eight or sixteen of my logical CPUs at
             | roughly half utilization and absolutely saturates my
             | download bandwidth. So, yeah... if you 're talking about
             | downloads from video games stores it might be that whatever
             | client your video game store uses sucks shit.
             | 
             | OTOH, if you're talking about video game _servers_ where
             | people play games they 've already installed with each
             | other, unless those servers are squirting mods and other
             | such custom resources at clients on initial connect, game
             | servers usually need like hundreds of kbps _at most_. They
             | 're also often provisioned to trickle those distributed-on-
             | initial-connect custom resources in an often-misguided
             | attempt to not disturb the gameplay of currently-connected
             | clients.
        
               | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
               | I am talking about console downloads
        
               | db48x wrote:
               | Game downloads, whether on a console or a PC, come from a
               | CDN. The difference is that Steam has a lot of capacity.
               | They can have millions of players all downloading the
               | same game on the same day at gigabit speeds. Console
               | makers invariably cheap out and cannot reach the same
               | level of service.
        
               | simoncion wrote:
               | Hell, it might be the case that console manufacturers are
               | doing the same stupid shit that EGS is doing. Perhaps
               | they wrote their download code back when 50mbit/s was a
               | dreadfully fast download speed for the average USian to
               | have and they haven't updated it since. (And why _would_
               | they? What 's a consumer's alternative other than "Pay 1k
               | or more for a gaming machine that can run games delivered
               | through Steam" or "Don't play video games"?)
        
       | zokier wrote:
       | Switzerland also happens to have over 5x population density of
       | USA, and 80% higher household median income based on quick
       | google.
        
         | jmalicki wrote:
         | While Switzerland has higher median HHI than the US as a whole,
         | the Bay Area in California does have comparable median
         | household income.
         | 
         | In the Bay Area, Sonic does offer 10Gbps fiber internet in some
         | places on new buildouts.
         | 
         | I struggled to find a use case for it, except as a WAN between
         | a homelab and a remote datacenter where I could do crazy things
         | like run an NFS server over the internet or stream training
         | data to a GPU, etc.
        
           | kalleboo wrote:
           | > _crazy things like run an NFS server over the internet_
           | 
           | Is that so crazy? If 10G was the default, you could just plop
           | a cheap NAS at home and nobody would need to pay monthly
           | subscriptions for cloud services.
        
             | jmalicki wrote:
             | For cloud services, I only need to match the bandwidth my
             | cellphone has for my home NAS, so 1Gbps would be fine.
             | 
             | 10Gbps is like.... my /home on my desktop could be served
             | via NFS from somewhere else and it would probably be barely
             | noticeable. That's just another level of crazy.
        
             | cbg0 wrote:
             | How is 1G insufficient for running a NAS over the internet?
        
               | jmalicki wrote:
               | 1Gbps is even slower than a SATA SSD that can saturate a
               | 6Gbps SATA link.
               | 
               | 10Gbps gets you speeds only a few times slower than a
               | PCIe 3.0 NVMe SSD. Except you can run that over the
               | Internet!
        
               | cbg0 wrote:
               | I'm aware of how fast an SSD is, but you're probably only
               | accessing your home NAS from your phone or laptop which
               | most likely won't have more than 1gbps, if that. If
               | you're a power user you probably already have high speed
               | networking inside your own home to max out a 10G link.
        
               | jmalicki wrote:
               | If I only have 1Gbps, I'm not going to be using a NAS for
               | something like /home, or other things that need to be
               | performant.
        
             | nunez wrote:
             | If only we didn't need redundancy...
        
       | mft_ wrote:
       | I have a gentle rule, which is when discussing (geo)politics with
       | friends, we should try not to use Switzerland as an example. It's
       | just too good, too rational, too sensible, too well run, in
       | myriad ways that other countries should be able to emulate, but
       | consistently and constantly don't.
        
         | ceejayoz wrote:
         | I have a gentle rule, which is "if you can do it in one place,
         | it is probably possible to do it in a second". The Swiss are
         | not a separate species.
        
           | mft_ wrote:
           | So one would think.
           | 
           | And yet, living in Switzerland after the UK involved one
           | after another discovery of how well-ordered and -run a
           | country could be. And then moving to Germany was like
           | stepping back even further behind my memories of the UK.
           | 
           | I'm sure you could find examples of countries that do
           | specific things as well as Switzerland; but I'm not aware of
           | many places that do almost everything so excellently. (Maybe
           | Japan, in many respects, but I lack sufficient direct
           | experience to adequately judge.)
        
             | ceejayoz wrote:
             | I don't doubt there are differences.
             | 
             | I doubt they're insurmountable. Again, because the Swiss
             | aren't some genetically superior subspecies. Culture can be
             | changed.
             | 
             | I see Americans talk about how impossible universal
             | healthcare is as if the rest of the developed world hasn't
             | largely figured it out.
        
               | whereistejas wrote:
               | Nothing is insurmountable; however each one of us must
               | play within the practical constraints of our local
               | geographies (political, social, financial and physical).
               | The parent comment probably means that Switzerland is in
               | a positive on all axes unlike the rest of the world.
        
               | lll-o-lll wrote:
               | It's politics. Boil most things down and the technical is
               | inconsequential when compared to the politics.
               | 
               | Look at the political system of Switzerland and you will
               | see a radically different setup.
               | 
               | And I think that's the horse. The rest is cart. Yes they
               | are rich _but why?_ Yes they are relatively stable
               | socially _but why?_ Decentralised Canton government
               | structure + direct democracy (referendums all the time
               | for things that matter). That, I think, is why all the
               | rest.
        
               | Vinnl wrote:
               | Heh, you were walking right up to my viewpoint and then
               | turned away. A parliamentary democracy with proportional
               | representation has way more influence IMO, and you'll
               | find another couple of relatively well-run countries that
               | work like that.
        
               | mft_ wrote:
               | I think there's more to it than that.
               | 
               | From a philosophical perspective, I love the
               | cantonal/direct democracy model. But it's supported by a
               | strong culture of awareness of current affairs, and
               | involvement in the political process. (Of course, these
               | two aspects are likely strongly synergistic.)
               | 
               |  _However_ , I'm not sure this unique political structure
               | explains the trains running on time, the sensible choices
               | made about the internet structure (per the article), the
               | top-of-the-world healthcare system, the Swiss cheese
               | science institute, or many other aspects of the broader
               | country. It may partly explain the routinely excellent
               | government bureaucracy (say that with a straight face
               | anywhere else!), the convenient and reliable local public
               | transport options, and the local police being well-
               | resourced to the point of apparent boredom.
        
               | Moldoteck wrote:
               | Awareness doesn't happen automatically either. During
               | referendums ppl also get flyers explaining the subject,
               | positive and negative things about it
               | 
               | Ppl also recently voted for eid which should reduce
               | bureaucratic hurdles
               | 
               | Imo in many cases public transport problems in other
               | areas are heavily related to corruption
        
               | yowayb wrote:
               | For me, this is the point of the article. People fought
               | and the best decision was the result. And I suspect
               | there's a fundamental cultural difference that makes the
               | fight much less fair in America.
        
               | strictnein wrote:
               | Been an American my entire life. 45+ years. I've never
               | heard a single person say that universal healthcare is
               | "impossible".
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-says-
               | not...
               | 
               | > President Donald Trump on Wednesday said it's "not
               | possible" for the federal government to fund Medicare,
               | Medicaid and child care costs, arguing that it should be
               | up to the states to "take care" of those programs while
               | the federal government focuses on military spending.
        
               | strictnein wrote:
               | I guess I'm pretty confused on what your point is here?
               | 
               | Universal Healthcare would be a new program in the US
               | that would see a drastic tax increase, in that our
               | healthcare spending currently going to insurance
               | companies would instead go to a new federal agency. The
               | amount of money companies and citizens spend on it may or
               | may not also increase, but your quote has basically
               | nothing to do with that.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | That's sleight of hand. "Ooooh! A tax increase! Scary!"
               | 
               | If I can pay $100 in tax to save $200 in premiums and
               | copays, that's a win. The US is an extreme outlier in
               | healthcare spend.
        
               | strictnein wrote:
               | It's like you're purposefully misreading what I'm saying.
               | I wasn't saying it was scary. I was saying that Trump
               | saying we can't afford current programs has nothing to do
               | with universal healthcare. Universal healthcare would be
               | funded through a large tax increase, the majority (or
               | entirety) of which would be redirecting the money going
               | to health insurance companies.
               | 
               | Again, no one has said this is impossible, which is my
               | original point. Even Trump's idiotic rambling, which was
               | mainly about child care costs, said nothing about the
               | impossibility of universal healthcare.
        
               | array_key_first wrote:
               | I'm an American and I've heard it often, usually with a
               | bunch of strange excuses. We're too big, we're too
               | diverse, there's too many states, and on. None of those
               | actually make very much sense, but I've heard it all for
               | why universal healthcare could never work in the US.
        
               | bdangubic wrote:
               | We must live on opposite sides of US cause I've never
               | heard anyone say that it is possible (except few
               | politicans who thought it may be a good way to win an
               | election but also knew that it was not possible and gave
               | up once they got elected)
        
               | somedude895 wrote:
               | > Culture can be changed.
               | 
               | Over the course of a hundred or so years maybe. Culture
               | is hard work.
        
               | mike_hearn wrote:
               | Switzerland uses a system similar to the original plan
               | for Obamacare, where individuals are mandated to buy
               | insurance, so if Switzerland is what you mean by
               | "universal healthcare" then it's not only not impossible,
               | but the USA already has a more voluntary take on the
               | exact same concept.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | The ACA has been steadily kneecapped since its inception.
               | 
               | And the "more voluntary" bit is pretty important. As is
               | it costing about double.
        
               | mike_hearn wrote:
               | The US system is more expensive partly because Americans
               | throw a fit any time insurers try to constrain costs. The
               | blowup over anesthetists is one example. Swiss insurers
               | seem more able to tell doctors they're spending too much
               | and to cut it out, without patients engaging in lobbying
               | efforts to stop it. It's a cultural difference rather
               | than an important difference in system design.
        
               | eqvinox wrote:
               | The healthcare system is actually one of the few things
               | Switzerland isn't doing _that_ well. It 's somewhat
               | "americanized", lots of "extra" insurances for random
               | areas that will only accept you if you're healthy. Base
               | insurance is regulated, has to accept all customers, and
               | you're required to (pay for and) have it.
               | 
               | The FR and UK systems are better IMHO.
               | 
               | Just to be clear, the Swiss healthcare system is still
               | _very good_. Just not perfect.
        
             | exidy wrote:
             | > I'm not aware of many places that do almost everything so
             | excellently
             | 
             | Probably Singapore, which is sometimes described as the
             | Switzerland of Asia anyway. 10 Gb symmetric fibre is
             | broadly available at around SGD $50/month (about 35 EUR).
        
               | aix1 wrote:
               | This is not to say that it isn't well run, but I think it
               | would be fair to mention that Singapore is one of the
               | most densely populated countries on Earth (#3 overall; #1
               | among countries with population >1 million.)
               | 
               | Separately, I am not totally sure just how widely
               | deployed FTTH is in Switzerland. Here in Zurich it's
               | everywhere, but zooming in on some rural place on init7's
               | map tells quite a different story (perhaps not
               | surprisingly).
               | 
               | https://ftth.init7.net
        
               | fainpul wrote:
               | Singapore seems very oppressive and medieval when it
               | comes to punishment of crimes. I wouldn't want to live
               | there.
        
               | wan23 wrote:
               | You wouldn't want to live there because it's too safe?
        
           | tjwebbnorfolk wrote:
           | There are a lot of things you can do in a rich, tiny,
           | homogenous country that you can't do in a enormous, diverse
           | country.
           | 
           | If my house were a country, I'd be in the top 0.1% of
           | household internet speeds compared to other countries.
           | Obviously everyone should be just like me!
        
             | ceejayoz wrote:
             | > There are a lot of things you can do in a rich, tiny,
             | homogenous country that you can't do in a enormous, diverse
             | country.
             | 
             | The US is a large collection of a whole bunch of rich (by
             | global standards), tiny, fairly homogenous areas. We manage
             | roads and schools at state, county, and local levels; we
             | could do municipal broadband.
        
             | hibikir wrote:
             | The difficulties of American internet speeds have little to
             | do with the total size of the country, but how far
             | individual families are from each other. Spain is roughly
             | the size of Texas, and Spain has a higher population, but
             | you need a lot less fiber to each home, because metro areas
             | are so much denser, and therefore it's so much easier to
             | lay the fiber.
             | 
             | As usual, blame the suburbs, which make all kinds of
             | infrastructure quite a bit more expensive per capita.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | But the US has long lagged behind in even dense areas.
               | It's more than just the distribution.
        
               | cvwright wrote:
               | Right. It's things like Baltimore (when I lived there)
               | requiring that high speed internet had to roll out in
               | poor areas first, before it could go into the rich
               | neighborhoods.
               | 
               | But this was the early 2000s and the internet was still
               | "new". Only the richer areas cared and were willing to
               | pay the price. Letting them have first (or even equal!)
               | access would have made it _easier_ to fund the rollout in
               | low income areas.
        
               | awakeasleep wrote:
               | Huge swaths of our densest metro areas, in our largest
               | cities, do not have any fiber option, just one cable
               | provider.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | The NEC, which is the only area of the US that really has
               | any density to speak of, does have pretty good fiber
               | penetration.
               | 
               | https://www.reviews.org/app/uploads/2024/11/Verizon-Fios-
               | cov...
        
             | bugglebeetle wrote:
             | >homogenous country
             | 
             | Tell me you know nothing about Switzerland without telling
             | me you know nothing about Switzerland. Try asking a German
             | Swiss what they think about a French Swiss or either about
             | the Romansch.
        
               | dotancohen wrote:
               | I wonder if there is some sort of metric for classifying
               | how similar cultures are to one another. Are e.g. German
               | Swiss more dissimilar to French Swiss, than are Florida
               | rednecks dissimilar to Compton gangsters?
        
               | bugglebeetle wrote:
               | If you ever heard them talk about each other, you would
               | definitely assume as much.
        
               | khalic wrote:
               | I'm not even talking about the languages, we have 20%
               | immigrants in the population, and an even larger part has
               | foreign roots.
               | 
               | We also don't have weapons in every household, if we're
               | talking myths
        
               | denysvitali wrote:
               | > We also don't have weapons in every household, if we're
               | talking myths
               | 
               | It all depends if you did your military service (which
               | implies that you're swiss) and if you didn't decide to
               | drop out of it or deemed as unfit. I don't think it's a
               | myth really, it just happens to be that a lot of people
               | don't do their military service and thus don't have to
               | keep a weapon at home
        
               | khalic wrote:
               | You're right about the source of the weapons wrong about
               | how many there are. An estimated one in five household
               | has firearms, with a significant percentage not having
               | ammunition at home at all.
        
               | dotancohen wrote:
               | > I'm not even talking about the languages, we have 20%
               | immigrants in the population, and an even larger part has
               | foreign roots.
               | 
               | Both LA and Miami speak Spanish, no?                 > We
               | also don't have weapons in every household, if we're
               | talking myths
               | 
               | Only the Republicans have weapons in every household?
               | 
               | I'm joking, I realise that you are Swiss, but until I
               | looked at the username I wasn't sure which side of the
               | comparison you were referring to. Goes to show that even
               | the nations' stereotypes are not dissimilar!
        
               | khalic wrote:
               | HN layout got the best of me haha.
        
             | wat10000 wrote:
             | Rich is a key attribute here. Tiny, not really. The key is
             | _dense_. That makes terrestrial connections cheaper. A
             | country with the population of the US and the richness and
             | density of Switzerland would be just as capable of building
             | out high speed internet connections. It would have ~38x the
             | population of Switzerland, cost ~38x more to wire, and have
             | ~38x the resources with which to do it.
             | 
             | Incidentally, the northeast of the US has a similar or
             | greater population density as Switzerland and is pretty
             | rich. That area, at least, should be as capable of this
             | sort of thing. Doing it for, say, everybody in Alaska would
             | be a bit tougher.
             | 
             | I don't know what diversity has to do with anything here.
             | As far as I've seen, people from all sorts of different
             | places and cultures seem to like high speed internet about
             | equally well.
        
               | Aspos wrote:
               | Infrastructure is laughable in northeast. And no, we do
               | not have competition here in NJ. Yay "free market"
        
             | toofy wrote:
             | > There are a lot of things you can do in a rich, tiny,
             | homogenous country that you can't do in an enormous,
             | diverse country.
             | 
             | US states are little islands entirely capable of doing
             | things like building infrastructure. There is no excuse for
             | our states and their lack of movement, certainly not "the
             | entire country is just tooooo big. whoa is us." nonsense.
        
               | djoldman wrote:
               | Yes, that's true for population.
               | 
               | But all except 9 US states are larger in geographic area
               | and only 5 have a higher population density.
               | 
               | Those are pretty salient statistics when you're talking
               | about infrastructure that links houses.
        
               | kalleboo wrote:
               | Does New York have great home fiber infrastructure?
        
             | khalic wrote:
             | Homogenous? Tell me you don't know anything about
             | Switzerland without telling me...
        
             | Moldoteck wrote:
             | It's so homogeneous that there are 4 national languages,
             | one of which is german with tons of loval dialects. It's so
             | homogeneous that each canton has own sub regulations. It's
             | so homogeneous that in it's biggest city, Zurich, 34% of
             | people are foreigners and 45% born outside of Switzerland.
             | 
             | But we can look at the opposite part of spectrum - Moldova,
             | poorest country in Europe - 85% of infra is covered by
             | fibre, >90% of population has option to get 1GBit fiber
             | 
             | There are always reasons why something can't be done, just
             | like solving frequent school shooting problem in US
        
               | Sesse__ wrote:
               | > 34% of people are foreigners
               | 
               | I remember moving there, hearing talks about how
               | international Zurich was, and then realizing most of
               | those foreigners were German. :-) It's diverse on paper
               | (and probably to the Swiss), but it's not like it's a
               | cosmopolitan melting pot.
        
               | izacus wrote:
               | They really aren't.
        
               | micwag wrote:
               | Most immigration happens between neighboring countries
               | e.g. the biggest immigrant group in Los Angeles are
               | Mexicans.
               | 
               | If you exclude neighboring countries Zurich has a foreign
               | born population share of 27% (compared to 18% of Los
               | Angeles). If you only look at the last 10 years Zurich
               | has foreign born non neighboring immigration of 10%
               | (compared to 4% for Los Angeles).
               | 
               | If you only look at intercontinental migration then Los
               | Angeles wins with 14% (compared to 8% of Zurich).
               | 
               | So yes Zurich is less cosmopolitan then LA, but most of
               | it is just because the US has more diverse neighbors.
        
               | tribaal wrote:
               | Maybe you should visit Geneva then, or most of the "Arc
               | Lemanique".
               | 
               | It's way more diverse than Zurich. Well, if you mean
               | "diverse" as "more brown people" as your comment seems to
               | imply.
        
               | Ray20 wrote:
               | > It's so homogeneous that there are 4 national languages
               | 
               | Perhaps he's talking about a different kind of
               | homogeneity (one that conventionally falls under the
               | "racism" category)
               | 
               | > Moldova, poorest country in Europe - 85% of infra is
               | covered by fibre
               | 
               | Do not arm him with arguments
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | Americans are so used to racialized society that they
               | tend to see "white" as a natural diversity/homogenity
               | category, same with "Asian". And so they see "white
               | Switzerland" as a homogeneous country.
               | 
               | That is absurd for anyone who lives in the Old World.
               | Some of the worst wars in history were fought amongst
               | people whom you wouldn't be able to tell apart in a
               | sauna.
               | 
               | Heck, even Palestinians and Israeli Jews are physically
               | very similar.
               | 
               | "White", "brown" etc. aren't meaningful categories in the
               | Old World, with a few exceptions like South Africa. Most
               | of the Old World is intensely tribal.
        
             | StrauXX wrote:
             | Switzerland is one of the _least_ homogenous countries in
             | Europe! Four languages, relatively weak federal government
             | with strong local (canton) governments. Most state services
             | are handled on a localized (canton) level.
        
             | Broken_Hippo wrote:
             | The US being different is no excuse - this is really just a
             | shortsighted retelling of American Exceptionalism.
             | 
             | Intelligent folks look at a system and figure out ways they
             | can adapt it to their own situation. You can take systems
             | they use for rural areas and figure out ways to do it on
             | your own. The US is enormous, but most folks live in
             | cities. States are tiny portions of the US, and some of
             | those states would likely mirror Switzerland in diversity,
             | density, and size.
             | 
             | It wouldn't matter if the country had a population density
             | similar to the US and was similar in many ways. It'd still
             | need adaptation because of the differences in culture,
             | laws, and so on.
        
             | izacus wrote:
             | Many US states are richer than Switzerland, what's their
             | excuse?
        
             | piva00 wrote:
             | The enormous, diverse country excuse is a good thought-
             | terminating cliche but doesn't really hold up when the
             | population of such enormous, diverse country is well
             | concentrated along the coasts, with very dense rich
             | pockets.
             | 
             | Sweden, for example, is tiny in population compared to the
             | US but geographically its size covers from north Florida to
             | NYC, with barely 10m people it's able to have great public
             | transportation, fiber coverage to 80-85+% of buildings,
             | cellphone coverage to 98% of the population even in remote
             | locations.
             | 
             | Being enormous like the US might leave a vast area of low
             | density population centres but it doesn't excuse at all
             | that the areas where the vast majority of people live are
             | dense enough to have these services very well covered. That
             | doesn't happen though so the issue isn't being an enormous,
             | diverse country at all.
        
           | ordu wrote:
           | Lately I come to believe that success stories are not
           | necessarily transferable. They can require some traits of the
           | system that are not available. USA is made for corporations,
           | so you just cant replicate internet access from Switzerland
           | in USA. Corporations will fight you to death in courts and
           | they will win. They are not going to lose their monopoly. To
           | change that you need to change USA in a massive ways, I can't
           | imagine how it can be done.
        
         | throwaway27448 wrote:
         | It's also too tiny to be representative of most of humanity
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | Switzerland has a population larger than all but ~11 US
           | states.
        
             | throwaway27448 wrote:
             | What is this supposed to imply? us states are also a poor
             | representation of humanity. This matters a great deal:
             | switzerland is notoriously ethnically homogenous and unable
             | to get along with anyone. Life on easy mode!
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | It implies that Switzerland is by no means so tiny their
               | lessons learned can't apply to other multi-million human
               | sized regions.
               | 
               | Switzerland gets along with others just fine, to the
               | point where Italy and France used to handle their air
               | defense on the weekends (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et
               | hiopian_Airlines_Flight_702).
               | 
               | > The Swiss Air Force did not respond because the
               | incident occurred outside normal office hours; a Swiss
               | Air Force spokesman stated: "Switzerland cannot intervene
               | because its airbases are closed at night and on the
               | weekend. It's a question of budget and staffing."
               | Switzerland relies on neighboring countries to police its
               | airspace outside of regular business hours; the French
               | and Italian Air Forces have permission to escort
               | suspicious flights into Swiss airspace, but do not have
               | authority to shoot down an aircraft over Switzerland.
        
               | throwaway27448 wrote:
               | Try 500 mil and you'll see china is the only interesting
               | sample.
               | 
               | If the swiss were able to get along with others, they
               | wouldn't have such a reputation as racist nazis
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | China is, as the EU (450M), US (340M), and Switzerland
               | are, broken into smaller subunits for local and regional
               | government.
        
               | ginko wrote:
               | There's only two countries with over 500 million people
               | and they're complete freak outliers.
        
               | Liftyee wrote:
               | "unable to get along with anyone" is an interesting claim
               | given that the last armed conflict in Switzerland was in
               | 1847 (Sonderbund War).
        
               | Ray20 wrote:
               | I mean, it's hard to start wars when you don't get along
               | with anyone and can't find a single ally.
        
               | khalic wrote:
               | Ethnically homogeneous, you guys really just spew
               | nonsense without doing _any_research? Swiss here, you're
               | very, very wrong
        
               | input_sh wrote:
               | My god, Switzerland is literally the _least_ ethnically
               | homogenous country on the continent (if we ignore tiny
               | nations like Luxembourg, Lichtenstein and Malta), with a
               | third of its population being foreign-born, which is
               | percentage-wise double that of the US.
        
             | tjwebbnorfolk wrote:
             | you going for the cherry-picked-but-functionally-
             | meaningless statistic of the week award?
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | I'm going for the "Switzerland isn't a little village of
               | 50 people, we can learn lessons from them just fine"
               | award.
               | 
               | Every large country breaks things up into small chunks.
               | No one says Vermont can't handle a school system just
               | because it's small.
        
             | mgfist wrote:
             | It's got 9m people. The US has 30x the people and 250x the
             | space. It's not comparable.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | So why do we struggle to get the infrastructure to work
               | in dense urban areas still? Or even just "not Wyoming"?
               | 
               | Switzerland and California have the same population
               | density. Why can't CA build high speed rail?
        
               | lava_pidgeon wrote:
               | Just for the information Switzerland neither does ;)
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | CA's high speed rail isn't high speed by European
               | standards and it looks on the way to cancelation or
               | significant curtailment. We can't even manage what y'all
               | would consider _slow_ rail.
        
               | lava_pidgeon wrote:
               | I don't know but Swiss isn't the only train system that
               | works but also Spain, Italy, France. Poland has a growing
               | better train system . The swiss system has it's
               | advantages but it is also very expensive.
               | 
               | It might also worth it to check them out
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | I've ridden on several.
               | 
               | "Others do it even better and cheaper" makes the US
               | failure to build and maintain infrastructure like this
               | even sadder.
        
               | Moldoteck wrote:
               | The advantage of swiss system is fast transfers. Hsr
               | would likely break this system (no point in arriving
               | faster if your connection gets longer by 10-15min
        
               | lava_pidgeon wrote:
               | That's a very National focussed perspective and thus
               | definitely a disadvantage of the Swiss train system ;)
        
               | panick21_ wrote:
               | I'm Swiss and I disagree, and so do many experts. First
               | of all, arriving earlier is always good, because many
               | people who get off on that stop still arrive earlier.
               | Also, people who connect to a different mode of transit,
               | such as Trams or S-Bahns very likely can catch an earlier
               | connection.
               | 
               | In addition, if we built proper high speed lines, would
               | could increase the frequency so much that it doesn't
               | actually matter anymore.
               | 
               | So it doesn't actually break the system, it improves it.
               | 
               | Join us in advocating for this vision:
               | https://swissrailvolution.ch/#goals
        
               | lmm wrote:
               | Switzerland has a few sections of barely-high-speed rail
               | such as the Lotschberg Base Tunnel.
        
               | jancsika wrote:
               | > Switzerland and California have the same population
               | density. Why can't CA build high speed rail?
               | 
               | Go find the last major Swiss route that was built, and
               | compare its land acquisition difficulties to what
               | happened with the California project. I'll rankly
               | speculate _that_ difference will be the meat of your
               | answer.
        
               | panick21_ wrote:
               | Building infrastructure is a skill, a skill you have to
               | constantly work on. If you do it enough and not once then
               | you can learn to get good at it. There is a difference
               | between a long term consistent execution of a
               | infrastructure plan and a 'lets build high speed rail'.
               | 
               | I don't think rules and regulation in California are
               | actually worse then in Switzerland.
        
           | ninalanyon wrote:
           | Plenty big enough to be an example to be examined and perhaps
           | emulated though.
        
         | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
         | Well and a little bit of research, tells me it's far from
         | universal across Switzerland. This article is so provable false
         | in many of its premises it's worthless - see my other comment.
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | Switzerland and Japan should be excluded in most discussions -
         | what they can do has little bearing on "the real world" ;)
        
           | dmix wrote:
           | And Iceland.
        
         | michaelsshaw wrote:
         | Lets just exclude the best example, as everyone knows, we
         | should never try to be the best. Being the best is dumb,
         | liberal and possibly communist. Settling for 105th, that's
         | freedom and democracy baby.
        
       | harrall wrote:
       | This article gets ahead of itself.
       | 
       | The issue isn't the splitting. There is no fiber to even split in
       | most places. A lot of places in America had their "network" infra
       | built 50-100 years ago on copper and no one wants to pay to
       | basically rebuild all of it.
       | 
       | I happen to live in an area where there are still above ground
       | utilities.
       | 
       | We got >5 gig fiber fast. We have 700Mbps 5G. I literally watched
       | them string the fiber on the poles.
       | 
       | It's still not shared, but it's fast because it's _new_. Shared
       | would be preferred, but you need destroy + "new" first, and most
       | people are fine with what copper gives them. Shared may even be
       | cheaper but most people don't think we need to rebuild anything.
        
         | martinald wrote:
         | I'ts almost certainly shared. 99% of FTTH is (X)G(S)-PON which
         | shares the fibre over a few properties. Usually something like
         | 32 max.
         | 
         | The Swiss use point to point fibre (there are a few small
         | pockets of this elsewhere). But in reality it is very hard to
         | saturate. XGSPON has 10G/10G shared between the node. GPON has
         | 2.4gbit down/1.2gbit up shared across the node.
         | 
         | In reality point to point is not really a benefit in 99.99% of
         | scenarios, residential internet use cannot saturate 10G/10G for
         | long, even with many 'heavy' internet users (most users can't
         | really get more than >1gig internally over WiFi to start with).
         | 
         | And if it is a problem there is now 50G-PON which can run side
         | by side, so you just add more bandwidth that way.
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | Residential 2.5gb equipment is just starting to appear as a
           | "default" and 10gb is still pretty rare, though accessible if
           | you want it.
           | 
           | I don't even have 25gb and I've a home lab!
        
             | ido wrote:
             | I had 600mbps down/200 up (I could have upgraded to 1GB)
             | and I downgraded to 175 down/50 up (to switch to a more
             | reliable provider) and didn't notice any difference (family
             | of 4).
        
             | manarth wrote:
             | Same, I've wired the house for Cat6 and have a Cat6
             | prosumer switch, so 25 wired devices pulling at 1Gbps?
             | 
             | I clearly set my ambitions too low and should follow the
             | Swiss model :-)
        
           | Hikikomori wrote:
           | Sweden doesn't use much PON either. If a countries fiber
           | build out started before gpon was released or got popular you
           | likely continue a lot with point to point. There's a small
           | drawback, TDM/A for the uplink, introduces some jitter but
           | guessing it's not as bad as cable.
        
             | martinald wrote:
             | Well a GPON frame is 0.125ms. So the best jitter is
             | ~0.125ms, but even if the entire upstream segment was
             | saturated you'd be looking at probably 1-2ms at absolute
             | worse case. The OLT will not allow one user to hammer the
             | upstream badly like you get with DOCSIS.
             | 
             | So it's really a non issue (XGS-PON is even better as more
             | data per frame means heavy upstream 'clears' the frames
             | quicker), IME consumer routers add more jitter themselves
             | even with ethernet on the LAN side (and WiFi is a lot
             | worse).
        
               | Hikikomori wrote:
               | Not great but much better than cable. I remember mmthe
               | difference in smokeping as I switched from cable (very
               | oversubscribed as well) to fiber.
        
           | mike_hearn wrote:
           | Yep, exactly! I live in Switzerland. The article is
           | misleading. Switzerland doesn't have 25 Gbit consumer
           | internet, quite obviously, as nowhere does. It has a state-
           | owned telco that advertises 10 Gbit to ordinary consumers
           | without making it obvious to the buyer that they won't be
           | able to use anything above 1Gbit without exotic and expensive
           | equipment they are near-guaranteed to not have (unless
           | they're literally a high speed networking hobbyist).
           | 
           | I noticed this years ago and thought it was an extremely
           | sharp and therefore unSwiss practice, that in a more free
           | market with better regulation and a more feral press would
           | have already attracted a rap on the knuckles from the truth-
           | in-advertising people. But Swisscom is government owned and
           | has fingers in a thousand pies, so they're allowed to get
           | away with it.
           | 
           | Unfortunately because regular consumers just compare numbers
           | and assume higher is always better, this practice has dragged
           | fully private ISPs into offering it now too. So the entire
           | market is just engaged in systemic consumer fraud by this
           | point. God knows how many people are overpaying for bandwidth
           | their machines literally can't use without realizing it.
           | 
           | That said, the basic point Schuller is making is sound that
           | the fiber cables themselves are more like roads than
           | internet. They aren't a natural monopoly but the cost of
           | overbuild is so high that it makes sense to treat it like
           | one. It's just a pity that in the end this doesn't make a
           | difference as big as the article seems to be advertising in
           | its title.
        
           | db48x wrote:
           | XGSPON is actually 40Gbps down, 10Gbps up. The 40Gbps is
           | actually four separate 10Gbps downlinks on different
           | frequencies. Filters are used so that each customer only sees
           | one of those downlinks. Just a little note.
           | 
           | > In reality point to point is not really a benefit in 99.99%
           | of scenarios, residential internet use cannot saturate
           | 10G/10G for long, even with many 'heavy' internet users (most
           | users can't really get more than >1gig internally over WiFi
           | to start with).
           | 
           | This is so true! The whole thing about Netflix is such a
           | canard. A 4K stream from Netflix tops out at 16Mbps. Other
           | streaming services use 25Mbps, or speeds in between. 40Gbps
           | is 1600 individual 4K streams, but XGSPON can only be split
           | to a maximum of 128 customers. I guess if all of those
           | customers have more than 12 televisions going at once...
           | 
           | You're more likely to see congestion from many customers all
           | hitting a speed test server at once just to see how shiny the
           | numbers are.
        
             | martinald wrote:
             | You're confusing XGS-PON with NG-PON2. NG-PON2 isn't really
             | used anywhere AFIAK, the "real" upgrade path is 50G-PON
             | (50G/50G shared). NG-PON2's tunable lasers are expensive so
             | didn't get traction.
        
           | recursivetree wrote:
           | Interestingly enough, most providers still run PON, but all
           | their equipment, including splitters, is at the telco's end
           | of the P2P connection. Apparently it is slightly cheaper to
           | build out a PoP like that.
        
             | martinald wrote:
             | Probably just the equipment is far far cheaper now
             | (customer ONTs and telco OLTs) than point to point is my
             | guess?
        
         | eqvinox wrote:
         | > A lot of places in America had their "network" infra built
         | 50-100 years ago on copper
         | 
         | That's no different to Switzerland so far...
         | 
         | > and no one wants to pay to basically rebuild all of it.
         | 
         | ...but the Swiss seem to have decided it's worth the
         | investment.
         | 
         | > I happen to live in an area where there are still above
         | ground utilities.
         | 
         | If anything, that can make things cheaper. You don't _need_ to
         | bury everything, and in some places (e.g. earthquake prone
         | Japan) it 's really counterproductive. But even if it isn't,
         | it's certainly more expensive.
         | 
         | Sent from a 25G internet connection. My laptop only has 10G via
         | TB though.
        
           | mexicocitinluez wrote:
           | > ...but the Swiss seem to have decided it's worth the
           | investment.
           | 
           | West Virginia is 1.5x the size of the entire country of
           | Switzerland. Let that sink in.
           | 
           | Texas is 16x times bigger.
           | 
           | The idea that it should be doable in a country that is 100x
           | bigger, with 50 separate states, god knows how many
           | individual counties because it could be done in vastly
           | smaller one is where your problem is.
        
             | sschueller wrote:
             | Yet somehow the US did manage to get power to most
             | places...
             | 
             | The thing with fiber is that it can go so much longer than
             | copper without any active components. It is also very
             | future proof, you won't be pulling it out of the ground/off
             | the pole for at least 50 years if not longer.
             | 
             | If size is such an issue, how did you get power?
        
               | mexicocitinluez wrote:
               | > Yet somehow the US did manage to get power to most
               | places...
               | 
               | You're not conflating 2 different infrastructure
               | processes and ignoring the one took decades, are you?
               | This is like saying "The US has built a road
               | infrastructure why can't it do all light rails?"
               | 
               | The irony in your comment is that it government
               | intervention, which is the opposite of a free market.
        
               | eqvinox wrote:
               | Who said free market? Swisscom is 51% government. A
               | government-ish entity is IMHO the most efficient way to
               | do this.
               | 
               | You can't have 2 road networks, highway systems, or
               | railway networks. You can have, but it is pointless to, 2
               | water systems or 2 electric grids. Or fire brigades, or
               | police. (criminal, not mall cops) Same applies for fibre
               | in the ground. "Free market" doesn't work when you can't
               | effectively compete.
        
             | eqvinox wrote:
             | I'm sorry, but your stance is completely fing ridiculous.
             | First of all, nobody is saying you need to do the entire US
             | in one go by one approach and one provider. Second, the US
             | has about 30x the GDP of Switzerland. Third, have you
             | looked at Swiss geography? They're pulling fiber up the
             | alps to the damn huts. Fourth, they're burying pretty much
             | _everything_ , as I said you don't really _have_ to do
             | that. Fifth, 26 cantons can squabble almost as well as 50
             | states can. Sixth, you 're somehow assuming Switzerland is
             | the only country successfully doing this. Sure, not
             | everyone is doing it to that level, but take a look at
             | Brazil.
             | 
             | If you're looking for reasons to fail, you will fail. The
             | only thing your argument really excuses is that it will
             | take longer. But the US doesn't have the political will to
             | even start.
             | 
             | (Same for Germany, to some degree, btw.)
        
               | mexicocitinluez wrote:
               | 26 cantons with a functioning federal regulatory mandate
               | isn't remotely comparable to 50 states where broadband
               | regulation has been in a decade long battle over
               | jurisdiction.
               | 
               | > Third, have you looked at Swiss geography? They're
               | pulling fiber up the alps to the damn huts.
               | 
               | This is apples and oranges. The US is vastly more sparse.
               | I think what is "f'ing ridiculous" is continuing to
               | compare the 2 countries in ways they aren't comparable.
        
               | eqvinox wrote:
               | I made 4 other points.
               | 
               | > 50 states where broadband regulation has been in a
               | decade long battle over jurisdiction
               | 
               | Thanks for making my point, all I'm arguing is that
               | Switzerland had the political will while the US doesn't
               | (yet?) You're essentially arguing the problem exists
               | because the problem exists.
               | 
               | It's a political problem, but a solvable one. Pretending
               | that it isn't solvable really doesn't help.
        
               | mexicocitinluez wrote:
               | I don't have to refute all your points to prove it's
               | impossible.
               | 
               | > It's a political problem, but a solvable one.
               | Pretending that it isn't solvable really doesn't help.
               | 
               | Pretending like you hvae any clue how the US works
               | doesn't help either. There are over 3,000 different
               | counties in the US all with different rules around right-
               | away (which could be one of like 6 different
               | jurisdictions). There are quite literally hundreds of
               | ISPs in the US. And even if one did want to build in NYC
               | for instance, it would be have to interact with dozens of
               | jurisdictions that don't magically go away with a
               | strengthened FCC.
               | 
               | And again, you're totally ignoring the physical geography
               | of the land. So how exactly does that work at a
               | legislative level? Forcing ISP in which communities
               | specifically? Then, it not only becomes a political, but
               | fiscal issue as well.
               | 
               | Which is why saying "it's a political problem" is grossly
               | over-simplifying the situation.
        
       | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
       | This article is technically incorrect on so many levels I didn't
       | even bother to finish it.
       | 
       | 1. There may be a territorial monopoly on cable. But there is
       | nothing stopping other companies from laying fiber. There are
       | areas - including where I use to live that had cable and the
       | phone company laying fiber
       | 
       | 2. Everyone on the internet is using a "shared" connection. The
       | difference is whether it is shared at the last mile or upstream.
       | If your ISP doesn't provision enough upstream capacity, the last
       | mile doesn't matter.
       | 
       | 3. Fiber is rarely shared at the last mile.
       | 
       | 4. Just a little research says 25Gbps is not universal across
       | Switzerland
       | 
       | 5. When I did have AT&T Fiber that advertised at 1GB u/d, it
       | didn't slow down no matter what time of day.
       | 
       | Please don't suffer from the Gell-Mann Amnesia Effect. M
        
         | ragall wrote:
         | > But there is nothing stopping other companies from laying
         | fiber.
         | 
         | Yes there is: the cost.
         | 
         | > Fiber is rarely shared at the last mile.
         | 
         | It is in Switzerland. That's the whole point of this setup.
         | 
         | > Just a little research says 25Gbps is not universal across
         | Switzerland
         | 
         | It is in the big cities. Elsewhere the same arrangement is
         | true, but on a lower scale.
        
           | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
           | You know being shared at the last mile is exactly what you
           | don't want?
           | 
           | The article made it seem like everyone in Switzerland had
           | access to 25Gbps - thst isn't true.
        
             | ragall wrote:
             | The last mile is owned by the local monopoly and can be
             | switched over to any provider. In that sense it's
             | shareable, but the physical medium is not shared. This is
             | very good.
             | 
             | > The article made it seem like everyone in Switzerland had
             | access to 25Gbps
             | 
             | Lack of reading comprehension skills.
        
               | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
               | Name one place in the article that clarifies "As
               | mentioned, in Switzerland, you can get 25 Gigabit per
               | second fiber internet to your home..." that it isn't
               | available everywhere?
        
               | ragall wrote:
               | It needs no Clarification. Skills, dude.
        
       | oceanplexian wrote:
       | We already have this in Utah with Utopia with 53% coverage across
       | the state (A state 5 times the size of Switzerland) so kind of
       | weird the post is acting like Europe is special or something.
       | 
       | And there are lots of ISPs to choose from, several with 10Gbps
       | symmetrical. Because it's dark fiber that you can literally
       | purchase (I was quoted about $3k to purchase the fiber to the
       | CO), there's nothing stopping you from putting 25Gbps optics on
       | both ends if you are super determined.
        
         | sbrother wrote:
         | Ooo, does everywhere in Sugarhouse have access to this now?
         | We've been up in Park City relying on wireless point-to-point
         | but are about to move back down to the valley and that is very
         | exciting.
        
       | perching_aix wrote:
       | The author keeps repeating this idea of a "dedicated internet
       | connection" (DIA), and it kind of just irks me. Not because the
       | author is wrong in how they use it, but because the term itself I
       | find misleading, and I hate to see it continue to poison the
       | common discourse.
       | 
       | A dedicated last-mile connection gives you a dedicated link to
       | your ISP's edge network, not a dedicated path across the
       | internet. You won't compete with your immediate neighbors on a
       | shared access network anymore, sure, but you're still sharing the
       | ISP core, peering links, and transit links with the rest of their
       | customers.
       | 
       | In practice this usually works well enough, because ISPs engineer
       | their core and peering capacity with low over-subscription,
       | especially for business and DIA customers. So you can often push
       | near line rate anyway, but not because you have a truly reserved
       | slice of the internet. A Switzerland-sized country would need
       | like petabit-scale connectivity to provide actually dedicated 25G
       | links (or even just 1G links) to everyone.
        
         | userbinator wrote:
         | Very true. The bottleneck isn't going to be the last mile
         | nearly all the time. In any case, it's clear we're arguing with
         | a ragebait article and a bunch of others who have basically no
         | understanding of how the Internet (or networks in general)
         | works.
        
       | ekropotin wrote:
       | Im genuinely curious what is a use-case for 25GB Internet in a
       | typical Switzerland household?
        
         | Anamon wrote:
         | It's true that few servers even provide that kind of bandwidth.
         | That's why I personally stick to 1 Gbps and save a few bucks.
         | But I have friends who use the 25 Gbps e.g. for off-site
         | backups (a NAS at the office for home backups, one at home for
         | office backups). Stuff like game downloads or uploading large
         | media are also sometimes mentioned. And you can really benefit
         | from the parallel connections in P2P stuff.
        
       | ExpertAdvisor01 wrote:
       | Very misleading article. There is only one provider init7 and
       | coverage is definitely not good in rural areas. Here is an map :
       | https://ftth.init7.net/
        
         | Anamon wrote:
         | Only one provider? What gave you that idea? Even TFA mentions
         | four providers, and those are just the most popular, nation-
         | wide ones. I live in Zurich and have a choice between 10
         | providers (going by the list of the local infrastructure
         | provider[1] -- I don't know if that list is even complete).
         | 
         | Rural coverage is challenging, true. And Switzerland has some
         | challenging terrain in places. But FTTH coverage is currently
         | at around 60% of the population, and Swisscom's strategy is to
         | reach 90% by 2035. That doesn't sound so bad, especially when
         | comparing internationally.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.ewz.ch/en/private-customers/fibre-optic/fibre-
         | op...
        
           | ExpertAdvisor01 wrote:
           | I meant the only provider providing 25 gigs .
        
       | grg0 wrote:
       | Ho-lee smokes is that Speedtest screenshot even real? Have some
       | mercy for those of us in third-world infrastructure (US).
        
       | aetherspawn wrote:
       | Australia copied the Swiss model and in a very short period of
       | time we went from 2Mbps flaky copper to now you can upgrade most
       | properties to 2Gbps fiber for around $300 one-off fee.
       | 
       | I hear 10Gbps is coming soon. The only annoying thing is that
       | ours, despite being terminated the Swiss way, isn't symmetrical,
       | I think due to congestion on the sea cables?
        
         | shell0x wrote:
         | I highly doubt that. As a German who lived in Asia and now
         | Australia, this is the most incompetent country. They can't get
         | anything right. I live in the city of Sydney and can only get 1
         | Gbps down and 200 mbps up for 109 AUD a month. I lived in 2017
         | in Singapore and the internet was already better than that for
         | 1/3 of the price.
         | 
         | Australia seems to be pretty backwards in general though.
        
           | suslik wrote:
           | In Belgium you get 500/100 for 65 euro, which is even worse.
        
           | cbg0 wrote:
           | What a time to be alive to see people put "only" in front of
           | "1gbps". We've come very far.
        
           | aetherspawn wrote:
           | You can upgrade that to 2Gbps if you pay the network upgrade
           | fee (basically you pay for the NTD and house-side wiring),
           | after that it costs around AUD 150 per month, which is kind
           | of reasonable...
        
       | FpUser wrote:
       | Switzerland - self hosting paradise.
        
       | anonymousiam wrote:
       | So the author's proposed solution is more government control.
       | Pass.
        
         | adrian_b wrote:
         | According to you, having public roads is an example of
         | government control?
         | 
         | The "author's proposed solution" is the equivalent for
         | communication of what public roads are for transportation.
        
       | some_furry wrote:
       | Another thing that I think Europeans often fail to take into
       | consideration is scale.
       | 
       | USA: 9,147,590 km^2
       | 
       | Switzerland: 41,295 km^2
       | 
       | That's a factor of 221.5 to 1.
        
         | martinald wrote:
         | Yes but if you compare urban areas (where 80% of people live in
         | both continents) in US and Europe it's not massively different
         | (Europe maybe 2-4 more dense depending on the country/city).
         | 
         | Obviously you're not going to lay fibre to the last 1% of
         | population in the US (for the most part).
        
           | slackfan wrote:
           | As one of the last 1% of population with fiber, your take on
           | population stats in the US is wildly off.
        
       | longislandguido wrote:
       | Because Switzerland is the size of Maryland. Imagine pouring all
       | federal resources into one cramped state.
       | 
       | I thought spamming your own blog was not allowed here.
        
         | kube-system wrote:
         | Switzerland and the US have almost identical government
         | expenditure per capita. Maryland still doesn't have 25 Gbps
         | home internet.
        
           | strictnein wrote:
           | That's kind of their point. A lot of those government
           | expenditures go to things that citizens of Maryland may not
           | want or benefit from.
        
             | kube-system wrote:
             | More federal spending goes to Maryland per capita than the
             | US average per capita.
             | 
             | This isn't an an issue of people in Maryland not getting
             | money -- they get robust federal spending and have a robust
             | state budget of their own. This is simply: Americans
             | getting what they vote for, which is notoriously not public
             | infrastructure.
        
         | Havoc wrote:
         | >Imagine pouring all federal resources into one cramped state.
         | 
         | Bit silly to compare the size of countries but not scaling
         | resources correspondingly.
        
         | Hikikomori wrote:
         | Sweden managed to build out fiber almost everywhere. Size of
         | California, quite urban, but you'll still have fiber in the
         | rural parts or even your cabin in the woods.
        
         | sumedh wrote:
         | Australia was able to do the same. It had the same US crony
         | capitalism where private companies didnt approve the national
         | broadband fibre network so had to use ADSL for 10 more years
         | but finally a different govt party implemented the fibre
         | network.
        
       | exabrial wrote:
       | What? There is no free market with wired internet. State,
       | federal, and municipalities entrenched local monopolies through
       | "tax breaks", subsidies, over regulation, piles of permits, and
       | many more.
       | 
       | The cable/fiber providers played all areas of government like a
       | fiddle.
        
         | strictnein wrote:
         | The amount of people here who think any market failure in the
         | US is due to it being a "free market" is kind of astounding.
         | There are exactly zero "free markets" in the US.
        
           | db48x wrote:
           | I don't know if there are zero free markets, but there are an
           | awful lot of thumbs on the scale.
        
       | thelastgallon wrote:
       | Most states in America ban municipal fiber. They saw EPB
       | (Chattanooga) and said, no, we must make sure that doesn't ever
       | happen again. That is how 'free' market is done in US, all the
       | rules are to make sure the richest people become richer.
        
         | bigstrat2003 wrote:
         | I agree that's a scourge. But of course, it would be very
         | disingenuous to call that a free market. It's _not_ free due to
         | corporate interference, which is why the situation is so bad
         | for consumers.
        
           | tombert wrote:
           | I think that's why they had 'free' in scare quotes.
        
         | carefree-bob wrote:
         | woah, I didn't know this. How many states have laws banning
         | municipal fiber?
        
           | jdeibele wrote:
           | https://broadbandnow.com/report/municipal-broadband-
           | roadbloc...
           | 
           | It's from 2023 but says 16 to 19 states.
        
             | m_mueller wrote:
             | this is insane. I guess it's that easy for telcos to lobby
             | the legislators for keeping up their rents?
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _guess it 's that easy for telcos to lobby the
               | legislators_
               | 
               | 16 states having restrictions while two go explicitly
               | pro-municipal broadband doesn't seem like a lobbyist's
               | panacea. Skimming the list of states with restrictions,
               | they look like red states trying to bridle their blue
               | cities. Partisanship seems the more-parsimonious
               | explanation.
        
               | m_mueller wrote:
               | ~100 million consumers (assuming average sized states are
               | impacted) being essentially defrauded by a cartel of
               | telcos - doesn't really matter what you wanna call it but
               | I'd say it's a pretty major deal.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _it 's a pretty major deal_
               | 
               | Never disagreed.
        
               | shimman wrote:
               | You're assuming they are giving these people hundreds of
               | thousands of dollars, they aren't. These are mostly state
               | politicians that make between $50k-80k who rarely get a
               | campaign donation above $10k. These corporations
               | absolutely give them the bare minimum (seriously talking
               | between $500 to $4k maybe), it's only federal Senators
               | that typically make the big bucks since they have the
               | ability to single handedly gum up the system to prevent
               | legislation.
               | 
               | But yeah, it's not only easy it's very cheap. This is why
               | you need a workers party so workers can effectively
               | collaborate together to either primary the politician or
               | convince them otherwise.
               | 
               | Oh and you can't just do this once either, it takes an
               | entire life's worth of work and it never ends.
        
               | m_mueller wrote:
               | I'd say first of all you need to put a lid on it, call
               | this kind of thing again what it is (bribery), and make
               | it illegal. Secondly, if someone wants a public office:
               | pay them well (they'll still have the revolving door
               | afterwards anyways), but all their finances will need to
               | be published on a quarterly basis. It's not exactly
               | rocket science, this kind of thing is implemented in many
               | jurisdictions.
        
         | art0rz wrote:
         | What happened on Chattanooga?
        
           | fancyfredbot wrote:
           | It was apparently very successful:
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPB
        
             | abustamam wrote:
             | Unfortunately too successful!
        
           | driverdan wrote:
           | Resident here, it's great. EPB is the power company and
           | internet provider. They run fiber anywhere they run power.
           | They also have good customer service, local knowledgeable
           | phone support, and inexpensive support services like
           | installing ethernet drops for $50 each.
        
         | db48x wrote:
         | Stop calling it a free market! These stupid rules keep it from
         | being free.
        
           | jjice wrote:
           | I believe that was the parent's point in surrounding "free"
           | in quotes.
        
         | justin66 wrote:
         | > That is how 'free' market is done in US, all the rules are to
         | make sure the richest people become richer.
         | 
         | In all fairness, we put an awful lot of effort into making the
         | poor poorer as well.
        
           | illusive4080 wrote:
           | This statement is easily refuted by looking up statistics on
           | poverty.
        
             | eatsyourtacos wrote:
             | Except the definitions of poverty are defined to make it
             | seems like it's not poverty. When you have a massive amount
             | of the population that lives paycheck to paycheck, is one
             | small medical emergency away from bankruptcy / can't pay
             | their rent/mortgage. Will lose their job because of little
             | to no protections. Very little social safety nets... most
             | people are a lot closer to 'poverty' than looking at simple
             | statistics.
        
               | illusive4080 wrote:
               | The definitions of poverty are used to measure relative
               | wealth, not whether someone lives paycheck to paycheck.
               | As income increases, paycheck to paycheck reports
               | decrease, but at a certain point it then increases again.
               | Living paycheck to paycheck is a poor measure, because
               | you can buy a house that's too expensive for your income,
               | or a car, eat out too much, or make a variety of other
               | poor life choices. That's why the poverty index is good
               | at measuring relative decreases in poverty because it
               | ignores poor life choices.
        
               | slibhb wrote:
               | Living paycheck to paycheck is usually a choice: people
               | earn a lot of money and spend it immediately. The fact
               | that this leaves them vulnerable to misfortune doesn't
               | mean they're poor.
        
               | aaarrm wrote:
               | While this can be true, this absolutely is not true for
               | the majority of paycheck-to-paycheck people. You truly
               | need to get your head out of your ass if you honestly
               | believe this is what is causing people to be poor.
        
               | illusive4080 wrote:
               | Do you know any of those people? Yes it's almost entirely
               | a choice. Typically a combination of poor life choices in
               | tandem with poor financial choices.
        
         | halapro wrote:
         | This is the most American shit ever. Pro-consumer regulations
         | are rejected to the point that they start regulating against
         | their own constituents.
        
         | socalgal2 wrote:
         | good cherry picking there
        
       | btorretta wrote:
       | why is it a lie? a natural monopoly doesn't bar other entrance,
       | it's just naturally difficult, like space travel. also, unpopular
       | comment but who cares? my Internet does everything I want it to
       | and I'd wager that the price from the swiss government is highly
       | subsidized. A market means a meeting of supply and demand, it's
       | possible that currently the swiss speed is overboard for most
       | users.
        
       | ukd1 wrote:
       | I get 10g symmetric in Austin for $150/m. I had Cox before, and
       | it was $180ish for 1g down and ~50mb up. Things are improving!
        
         | dmix wrote:
         | You can get 8gb fibre for around $65/usd a month in Toronto.
        
         | piperswe wrote:
         | What provider has 10G? Highest I've seen is 5. Genuine question
         | - I'll keep them in mind next time I move across town!
        
         | nunez wrote:
         | Because Google Fiber HQed there. Come to Houston, where you'll
         | pay >$200/mo for 5Gbit if AT&T covers your area or MUCH LESS if
         | Ezee is an option.
        
       | dangus wrote:
       | Before I start with my real comment I'll point out that the AI
       | slop images really detract from this article and the author
       | should stop.
       | 
       | To be fair to America here, it's pretty well served overall and
       | is doing a lot better than the past. Average speeds are at around
       | 100 Mbps with extremely widespread advanced 5G networks doing
       | even better than that.
       | 
       | Cellular in particular is an area where the USA still seems to be
       | ahead of most places, although they certainly pay for it. (Even
       | that has gotten way, way better. I'm getting really nice MVNO
       | service with unlimited data and even a decent unlimited tethering
       | plan for less than $30/month)
       | 
       | 25 Gigabit is nice but that's so expensive on the client device
       | side to the point where it's basically unattainable for any
       | consumer. Your average consumer primarily uses the Internet via
       | WiFi devices that might max out at 300Mbps practical speeds or
       | lower depending on when they purchased their devices and WiFi
       | access point and their distance from it.
       | 
       | Then you've got the problem of the speed on the other end. 25Gb
       | fiber is great until you realize that the server you are
       | downloading from is only going to give you 1/100th a lot of the
       | times.
       | 
       | I haven't even mentioned the fact that you're now adding CPU and
       | SSD bottlenecks to the equation. I'm pretty sure 25Gb/s is higher
       | than the maximum write speed on my SSD.
       | 
       | I have gigabit fiber at home and the ability to buy faster speeds
       | from my ISP but I find the idea totally pointless when that means
       | I would have to buy $500 in networking equipment (if not more)
       | and possibly rewire my home (currently sketchy Cat 5e that seems
       | to be installed poorly and I'm lucky to have that). I even have
       | the latest WiFi 7 from a highly reputable prosumer brand along
       | with very new WiFi 7 and 6E 6Ghz client devices but the highest
       | speed I see using those devices where I want to use them is
       | around 600Mbps.
        
         | Karuma wrote:
         | Only the images? The entire article is pure AI slop. But no one
         | even cares anymore... People seem to love this kind of empty
         | text, or no one even reads anymore, or everyone here is a bot
         | already... Who knows.
        
           | sschueller wrote:
           | The article is not AI slop.
           | 
           | I spent 4 days on it and the video I made to go along with it
           | with me speaking every word. The video has no AI, it is all
           | stock video and audio footage which I pain stackenly stiched
           | together in DaVinci Resolve.
           | 
           | I used AI to spell check and fix my ESL grammer in the
           | article. Initially I also generated a number of unnecessary
           | AI images which I removed again. I only left the ones that
           | explain certain things like the p2p model.
        
       | IFC_LLC wrote:
       | Good take, and most of the data in the article is quite correct.
       | The problem is a total mix up of cause and effect. The US has had
       | a decent communication network since way back. We had telegraph,
       | telephone and telex. Bell and AT&T and all that stuff. We've
       | invented and piloted modems, T1 and cable TV.
       | 
       | Our infrastructure at times goes back 200 years old. We have
       | rules and words in today's networking linguo that go back 70
       | years old. You can't just go and tell that it would have been
       | better this way. It absolutely would. And I'm happy for Swiss
       | people who can have 25gpbs at a fraction of the cost. But you
       | can't do that with an emerging tech that is trying to replace
       | existing architecture.
       | 
       | Swiss guys built all that after the tech was wide-spread in the
       | world, and they have built it over a very outdated
       | infrastructure. It was a breeze.
       | 
       | US just unable to use this approach. We can't.
       | 
       | Should we come up with a new one? Yes. Should we look at the
       | Swiss solution and try to replicate it. Yes. Is it awesome? Yes.
       | Would it work here? No.
        
         | lava_pidgeon wrote:
         | Ehm,
         | 
         | Do you seriously think 70 years ago Swiss had no telephon net
         | so they create a new one?
         | 
         | Or is this argument that US is just too special to change?
        
       | danielmarkbruce wrote:
       | Path dependence is a thing.
        
       | lava_pidgeon wrote:
       | While on surface scratch level this might be a good entry
       | analysis it lacks deeper comparisons to other great networks
       | nations Like Romania or South Korea. Is it cheaper there? What
       | about coverage? Uptimes? Why is the service "better"? Why is it
       | by the way a free market "lie"? ( For me a lie means a wrong
       | information by purpose)
        
       | shell0x wrote:
       | Regardless if it's Switzerland, Germany or the USA. Everyone has
       | better than we have in Australia. I can't wait to go back to Asia
       | after citizenship to join the developed world again.
        
       | dlenski wrote:
       | I don't understand the desire (fetish?) for high speed home
       | Internet connections at home.
       | 
       | I have 25 Mbps up. 10 Mbps down. Have had it for years. It's
       | fine.
       | 
       | It's fine when both my wife and I are working from home and doing
       | calls. It's fine for software development. It's fine for email
       | and web browsing, and everything other than downloading
       | maddeningly large files, 99% of which shouldn't be that large
       | anyway. It's fine for watching streaming shows. Maybe if our kids
       | turn out to be YouTube addicts when they're older we'll upgrade;
       | maybe we _won 't_ for that reason.
       | 
       | What are people _doing_ with their higher-speed Internet
       | connections that makes it valuable to have such fast ones??!
        
         | denkmoon wrote:
         | I don't want to wait 6hrs to download a game patch that's 40gb
         | or whatever because that's sadly the norm. With 1gbit I can do
         | anything and it doesn't induce latency or cause connection
         | quality issues with anything else because no one thing can come
         | close to saturating it really, with a few exceptions (Steam
         | being the main one). I can also seed at high speed to private
         | trackers. It'd be an effort to max out a 25gbit connection at
         | home that's for sure.
        
         | timschmidt wrote:
         | I have gigabit synchronous fiber at home thanks to a group of
         | local tech folk who built out the network. The biggest change
         | for me is that I rely more on my NAS at home over a Wireguard
         | tunnel for things I would have used the cloud or a hosting
         | service for before.
         | 
         | Going to work? No worries about forgetting a USB stick or
         | portable SSD. I can always just fire up Wireguard and grab it
         | from home.
         | 
         | Sharing Jellyfin access with family and friends has also been
         | fun.
        
         | gdubs wrote:
         | Uploading 15 minute videos to YouTube, downloading hundreds of
         | gigabytes of 3D assets, updating large applications, streaming
         | movies for a 4k projector, frequently downloading beta OS
         | updates, etc, etc, etc.
        
         | neonstatic wrote:
         | An example from someone who has lived at a condo in Asia.
         | Around 8 PM the internet becomes unusable. Everyone's back home
         | and they want to watch their favorite series. If you need to
         | work at that time, e.g. if you work US hours, you are screwed.
         | 
         | P.S. I experienced this at different condos in different
         | countries in South East Asia.
        
           | CyberDildonics wrote:
           | Are you sure that isn't wifi interference?
        
             | eqvinox wrote:
             | Most places in Asia, this is due to massive
             | oversubscription. No relation at all to wireless spectrum.
        
               | CyberDildonics wrote:
               | That's easy to claim, but there are a lot of places where
               | everyone is surrounded by everyone else's wifi routers.
               | If you have 9 routers that you share walls with and even
               | more that can reach you, wifi starts to break down, but
               | people will blame their service provider.
        
               | eqvinox wrote:
               | I've been there a bunch, my colleague has lived there. We
               | work in the telco area. My own experiences I would
               | question, his I don't.
               | 
               | It's oversubscription.
               | 
               | Can I provide citations or proof? No. That's extremely
               | hard to do with oversubscription in general, no telco
               | will admit their exact ratio without being forced to.
               | Sometimes you can reverse engineer it from peering
               | relationships, but that doesn't allow identifying
               | bandwidth constraints on medium haul.
        
               | CyberDildonics wrote:
               | _It 's oversubscription._
               | 
               | You said that already, but repeating something isn't
               | evidence. Oversubscription would be something that
               | happens with cable internet on a node by node basis, so
               | to say the problem is one thing and only that doesn't
               | make any sense. Not only that but people will sign up for
               | hundred megabit to gigabit internet but they only really
               | need to watch some streams that use 3mb each.
               | 
               | You can actually figure out oversubscription if you ping
               | nodes, especially over time.
               | 
               | There are more factors like international bandwidth, lack
               | of caching servers in smaller countries so bandwidth has
               | to be international, cable signal levels etc.
               | 
               | None of these come close to wifi contamination. If you
               | have two neighbors trying to watch tv over wifi and
               | you're trying to watch tv over wifi, you're sunk. Now
               | take that to being surrounded by a dozen people, all
               | watching tv over wifi and all watching videos on phones
               | and tablets.
               | 
               | Unless someone is in a house, more isolated from their
               | neighbors it is going to be a much bigger problem for
               | almost everyone.
               | 
               | You can say 'oversubscription' because you're buddy said
               | that, but even that can have some truth while still being
               | a marginal issue next to the real problems. Even in
               | places with great internet, people get a single wifi
               | router, put all their computers and TVs on it, then blame
               | their ISP.
        
               | eqvinox wrote:
               | You seem to be making arguments with significantly less
               | of a connection to the actual scenario being discussed.
               | And you're explaining oversubscription to 2 network
               | engineers, one of them having presented at APRICOT and
               | APNIC.
               | 
               | I guess I should've focused less on oversubscription and
               | made clear that we _know_ it 's not spectrum utilization.
               | For that, we have the equipment to measure, and we did,
               | and it's not the problem.
        
               | CyberDildonics wrote:
               | _For that, we have the equipment to measure, and we did,
               | and it 's not the problem._
               | 
               | It has been a problem for basically everyone living in
               | apartments that had network problems that I've seen. If
               | you measure at the wrong time it's going to look fine.
               | You have to be there when people are watching video over
               | wifi.
               | 
               | Again, just because people can't get their full
               | bandwidth, it doesn't mean oversubscription is the actual
               | bottleneck.
        
               | neonstatic wrote:
               | Not a network engineer by any measure - but I think if it
               | was wifi contamination, it wouldn't get worse in the
               | evenings. The routers are on 24/7. Thoughts?
        
         | rubiquity wrote:
         | The optionality of consuming services from places other than
         | internet titans for one would be nice.
        
         | defrost wrote:
         | Working from home on raw and cooked SKA data and visualisations
         | being remote served by supercomputing centres, team co-editing
         | of multiple raw RED cinema camera channels.
         | 
         | Essentially any job that involves massive fat data streams that
         | ends up having a real time collabrative hybrid remote team.
        
         | Aurornis wrote:
         | Pulling or pushing Docker images, downloading LLM models,
         | installing AAA games from Steam. There are so many use cases
         | that you won't see if you're just doing email and web browsing
         | with a little bit of video streaming.
         | 
         | It's also helpful for off-site backup. I believe off-site
         | backup is very important, and having gigabit upload is very
         | helpful for this.
         | 
         | > I don't understand the desire (fetish?)
         | 
         | If you don't need it then you should be happy with what you've
         | got, but calling other people's uses a "fetish" is unnecessary.
         | And weird.
        
           | ronsor wrote:
           | It's Stockholm syndrome from what I can tell.
        
             | lava_pidgeon wrote:
             | Why?
        
           | carefree-bob wrote:
           | I agree that calling it a fetish is weird, but I also have a
           | hard time believing ordinary people are pulling and pushing
           | docker images all the time.
           | 
           | The reality is that the reason these high speed internet
           | political initiatives fail is that for most people internet
           | access is a solved problem, and there isn't the critical mass
           | of people to push through legislation.
           | 
           | Which is not to say that for a minority, it's not a solved
           | problem, but the desires of those in a minority situation
           | don't get prioritized in the democratic process.
        
           | shepherdjerred wrote:
           | Gigabit is incredible if you are a dev
        
           | chasd00 wrote:
           | > installing AAA games from Steam.
           | 
           | it's weird how insanely large games are now, like 100's of
           | gigabytes. I can't remember which game my son was playing,
           | maybe DCS or some other milsim but it was around 300gb
           | download. That's roughly 64-65 dvds.
        
         | Kodiack wrote:
         | I use my home connection for VPN access remotely. I back up
         | snapshots of data every day. I like to be able to download
         | games and Linux ISOs practically on demand. I work from home
         | and often enough faster speeds can avoid several minutes of
         | additional waiting in a day.
         | 
         | This connection is shared as well. My partner relies heavily on
         | cloud syncing. We both like to stream 4K HDR video. I like
         | being able to get devices updated and ready to use with minimal
         | time spent waiting for downloads.
         | 
         | I also live in NZ, where multi-gigabit fibre connections are
         | often cheaper than what Americans have to pay for a fraction of
         | the bandwidth. It's not a notable financial burden or anything,
         | and it's not like we have data caps to worry about. It's very
         | much a situation where the use cases naturally find themselves
         | once the option is there.
         | 
         | Also, 25/10 Mbps is painfully slow for a shared home connection
         | in the modern day. There's videos on YouTube that can push a
         | higher bitrate than that. The absolute slowest plan that my ISP
         | even offers is 100/20 Mbps for about $35 USD per month, while
         | the most common/baseline plan for most households in NZ is
         | 500/100 Mbps after the fibre carriers continued to increase
         | speeds at the lowest tiers.
        
         | virgildotcodes wrote:
         | Past 200Mbps down I typically see very little real benefit.
         | 
         | That said, I do find myself downloading packages and watching
         | 4K video all day long. 25Mbps is noticeably slower the majority
         | of the time. You can get by, of course, the same way you can
         | compile an Xcode project on a 2019 Intel Mac (I still think
         | MacOS 26 supports Intel?) but it's a significantly nicer
         | experience on more recent M series machines.
         | 
         | Who likes to sit around waiting on downloads/compilation?
         | 
         | Now I'm realizing you said 25Mbps up, 10Mbps down. Wow,
         | assuming this isn't a mistake, 10Mbps is slow enough to make
         | even normal web browsing start to chug IME.
        
         | ozgrakkurt wrote:
         | - Downloading local LLM models
         | 
         | - Downloading games, movies etc.
         | 
         | - Updating software.
         | 
         | - Doing remote data backups or restoring from them.
         | 
         | - Browsing the internet. Fiber still makes a noticeable
         | difference especially in badly optimized websites.
        
           | tibbon wrote:
           | Maybe I've just got deep scars from the 90's, where I'd wait
           | 15-25 minutes sometimes to download a single mp3.
           | 
           | I have a FIOS connection here at home, and it seems entirely
           | sufficient. Even AAA steam games, I hit 'download' and go
           | grab a snack in the kitchen and it's done. My server does
           | incremental backups to s3 every night, but its not like i'm
           | sitting there watching it.
           | 
           | I download a new large model maybe once every other week. It
           | takes a few seconds, maybe minutes. I don't really notice
           | either way? 25x faster doesn't seem like it would make any
           | difference.
        
         | ksec wrote:
         | >I have 25 Mbps up. 10 Mbps down. Have had it for years. It's
         | fine.
         | 
         | Do you mean the other way around, 25Mbps Down and 10 Mbps up?
         | 
         | It is nice to have, especially when it doesn't cost much. That
         | is why I am perfectly OK with PON rather than dedicated fibre.
         | You only need the 1 or 10Gbps speed for may be a 10 min window
         | per month.
         | 
         | I do think 25Mbps on a house hold bases is quite low. On a
         | 5Mbps Video file I want the first 10 second buffer, 50Mbps done
         | instantly. While I am loading multiple page in the background.
         | Multiply that with a few more user in family. It is perfectly
         | useable a you said, if you dont mind waiting.
         | 
         | Otherwise I think 50 - 100Mbps per person is generally the
         | point we see law of diminishing returns.
        
         | LeoPanthera wrote:
         | 640k ought to be enough for anybody?
        
         | candeira wrote:
         | I've been consulting a long time, and my home is my office.
         | 
         | Besides the uses other people have suggested, here are some
         | uses I would have for a fast symmetrical connection:
         | 
         | - Backing up data to my home/office NAS while away.
         | 
         | - Remoting to my workstation desktop from any location, for any
         | reason.
         | 
         | - Using my home as a Tailscale exit node for clients for whom
         | it's already a hassle to allowlist my home office's IP, so I
         | can work from anywhere.
         | 
         | - Switching my nixos configuration using the caches in my home
         | office where my custom derivations are built.
         | 
         | I have 90Mbps down and 20Mbps up. All of the above is workable
         | but it would be great, amazing if it were faster.
         | 
         | The remote places I would do this from:
         | 
         | - the doctors' waiting room because we have teenagers
         | 
         | - the bleachers of the pool for the diving lessons because we
         | have teenagers
         | 
         | - the in-laws spare bedroom where we're visiting for an
         | extended time during school holidays but not work holidays
         | because we have teenagers.
         | 
         | Some of us have different needs, under choices that we make
         | that are optimal for other aspects of our life but not for
         | having a slower asymmetric connection at home.
        
         | imoverclocked wrote:
         | The total bandwidth up/down is only part of the story.
         | 
         | I was on a cell modem until very recently. Just the latency
         | difference between gigabit fiber and anything else is
         | noticeable for me. When a website loads a ton of stuff in a
         | single page, some of that is serialized and requests are back
         | to back instead of parallelized. The longer the serial chain,
         | the higher you multiply your round trip time. This is
         | especially so with auth providers that take you away and back
         | to a site (or similar for online purchases via external sites
         | (eg: PayPal etc.)) All of that time adds up.
         | 
         | So, my home connection is now down to 11.9 ms to google.com, my
         | wifi adds another 5ms. I did "start timeline recording" and hit
         | the google homepage. It just took 900ms to load the front page
         | in Safari. On a good day with my cell hotspot, my latency is 35
         | at idle and goes way up (sometimes in seconds) when pushing
         | bandwidth.
         | 
         | Video calls with 1000ms and higher latency are ... difficult.
         | Especially when everyone else is in the sub 100ms range.
        
           | Banditoz wrote:
           | Yep, latency's also big if you play competitive multiplayer
           | games. With DOCSIS you get ~11ms +- 3ms added to every packet
           | no matter what because it's shoehorned existing cable
           | infrastructure. Fiber is much better in this regard.
           | 
           | Ping to my public IP's gateway address:                 30
           | packets transmitted, 30 received, 0% packet loss, time
           | 29031ms       rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.449/1.915/2.212/0.166
           | ms
        
         | db48x wrote:
         | > What are people doing with their higher-speed Internet
         | connections that makes it valuable to have such fast ones??!
         | 
         | Honestly, most people go for the shiniest number they can
         | afford.
         | 
         | But I will say that as a software developer who has had to fix
         | bugs on random branches of very substantial software projects
         | (web browsers), there is a tradeoff between recompiling the
         | whole project and simply downloading the binaries that the CI
         | system has already built. When I had to jump six months or a
         | year into the past to test some old build, gigabit service was
         | the difference between a few minutes to download the binaries
         | and 20-30 minutes to recompile them myself.
         | 
         | But these days 100Mbps is really more than enough.
         | 
         | An interesting technology that might become a killer app in a
         | year or two is 4D gaussian splats. This is a way of creating
         | photo-realistic animated 3D scenes that the user can move
         | around in, viewing them from all angles (without any need for
         | artists to build geometry or paint textures). Right now
         | streaming them in real time needs about 500Mbps. I'm sure that
         | a few years of iteration on compression techniques will lower
         | it significantly, but it'll always be more expensive than mere
         | 2D images (even animated 2D images). For reference, most
         | streaming services use about 15-25Mbps for a 4K television
         | stream.
        
         | nunez wrote:
         | Running speedtests to see that number go up. Mostly Hacker News
         | though :D
        
         | drnick1 wrote:
         | > I have 25 Mbps up. 10 Mbps down. Have had it for years. It's
         | fine.
         | 
         | This is dog slow, you can't even stream Youtube at 4K
         | resolution with that. Downloading a reasonably recent game
         | would also take close to an entire day. Not everyone needs a
         | full symmetric Gbps perhaps, but 100Mbps is kind of a baseline
         | nowadays, and more is better for faster downloads.
        
       | wespiser_2018 wrote:
       | The comparison feels off because it treats Switzerland and the
       | United States as interchangeable test cases for "free market vs.
       | not," when they operate under completely different constraints.
       | 
       | Switzerland is a small, highly cohesive country with strong local
       | governance, high trust, and tightly scoped systems. The U.S. is a
       | continental-scale federation with massive regional variation,
       | different institutional layers, and far more heterogeneous
       | populations.
       | 
       | At that scale, you're not comparing "policy choices," you're
       | comparing system complexity. Many policies that work in
       | Switzerland don't fail in the U.S. because they're bad, they fail
       | because they don't scale cleanly across 330M people and 50 semi-
       | autonomous states.
       | 
       | So using Switzerland as a counterexample to critique U.S. market
       | dynamics isn't really isolating "free markets" as a variable,
       | it's bundling in size, governance structure, and social cohesion,
       | then attributing the difference to ideology. I know Switzerland
       | is great, I've been there, but it feels like a bit of an unfair
       | dunk and very much "punching down".
        
         | Hikikomori wrote:
         | Many states prohibit municipalities to do fiber. Regulatory
         | capture and monopolies are your problem.
         | 
         | Sweden managed to build out fiber almost everywhere and are
         | much more like some of your states.
        
           | mexicocitinluez wrote:
           | How much bigger is the US than Switzerland? Its like 200x the
           | size of it. Do you think that it's size and division of 50
           | distinct states might make that task a bit tougher?
        
             | Hikikomori wrote:
             | Was talking about Sweden. But it's ok, I know Americans
             | find geography challenging.
        
               | mexicocitinluez wrote:
               | My bad, I originally said Sweden, but then edited to say
               | Switzerland after seeing the title and doubted myself.
               | 
               | It's okay, you don't have to argue with the point being
               | made or anything.
        
               | Hikikomori wrote:
               | I made the point elsewhere. Sweden is larger than
               | California yet has only 10m population. Fiber is not just
               | common in urban areas, you have it in small villages and
               | even cabins in the woods.
               | 
               | Basically no state gets close, urban or otherwise. People
               | here keep talking about size, rural, many states,
               | whatever. The problem is really regulatory capture and
               | monopolies, many states ban local municipalities from
               | putting fiber down.
        
         | adrian_b wrote:
         | While you are right about the differences between USA and
         | Switzerland, I do not see any relationship between those and
         | the problem discussed here.
         | 
         | There is absolutely no doubt that the system used in
         | Switzerland is the right one and the system used in USA is the
         | wrong one.
         | 
         | As TFA says, the optical fiber infrastructure that connects all
         | individual customers is a case of natural monopoly and it must
         | be built in a standard way and it must be shared by all who
         | compete for communication services, exactly like the
         | distribution of water or of electricity or like the public
         | roads, which are the best analogy, and which must also be
         | shared freely by anyone who provides transportation services.
        
       | renewiltord wrote:
       | I think there's quite a little bit missing here. As an example,
       | Switzerland's road/rail lines and US road:rail lines are both
       | treated in this way and the outcomes are different. So I think
       | the dominant effect isn't in this form of building.
       | 
       | In addition, requiring fiber to each new home would expand
       | housing costs in the US substantially because many are not
       | located close by to existing fiber networks.
       | 
       | I'm not familiar with Swiss government policy but their
       | government construction efforts are frequently far more
       | successful for lower costs than ours. I cannot say whether
       | Switzerland does it differently but usually in the US if there is
       | surplus to be captured it is captured. As an example, if the
       | Swiss system were to be implemented with US tools it would look
       | like a government project would here: private companies would be
       | invited to build the fiber to each home, and eventually one would
       | win the contract and if the economic benefit would be $1b, they
       | would charge $0.99b to construct it. M
       | 
       | If the government itself attempts to build it, it is constrained
       | by its pension obligations and its desire to remain solvent to
       | not actually have employees on staff. It therefore will use
       | contractors in order to do things and we're back in situation 1.
       | 
       | Governments originally formed for this kind of shared task and to
       | enforce no free riding on it. But whatever factors drive US
       | politics, US government purposes are to extract maximally from
       | economically productive classes and redirect it to politically
       | productive classes - through the use of selective government
       | contracts and populist giveaways.
        
       | Aurornis wrote:
       | This article is hard to take seriously when it presents 25 Gbps
       | internet like it's available _everywhere_ in Switzerland. Even
       | the page you click on has an  "Up to" and requires you to enter
       | your address to check availability.
       | 
       | That's on top of the usual problems with comparing small European
       | countries to all of America. Switzerland's entire population is
       | barely larger than the population of New York City. There are
       | several metro areas in the US with more people than Switzerland.
       | 
       | Switzerland is also very, very small. It's lands mass is equal to
       | about 0.5% of the United States. We only have a handful of states
       | smaller than Switzerland.
       | 
       | There are valid geopolitical discussions to be had, but it's hard
       | to read these articles that single out tiny little European
       | countries and compare them to the sprawling United States and
       | ignore the elephant in the room.
        
       | kylehotchkiss wrote:
       | How many Switzerlands is USA again
        
       | ksec wrote:
       | Even in Wireless / Mobile Carrier they have company like American
       | Tower / China Tower that shares infrastructure cost. So none of
       | this is _new_ , I always thought the reason it is not done is
       | because of company interest and politics. Internet should be
       | treated just like Electricity and Water.
       | 
       | There are other things we could do without completely changing
       | the dynamics or policy. We could mandate all home leasing and
       | selling to have Internet Speed labeled. Giving consumer the
       | knowledge and choice. And all future new home to have at least
       | 1Gbps Internet and upgradable to 10Gbps or higher as standard.
       | The market will sort itself out. And give government some space
       | and room to further negotiate terms with companies.
       | 
       | Now the technical question, why no sharing? why point to point?
       | why 4 fibre and not 2 or 8? And the no sharing is a little bit of
       | gimmick, because at the end of the day everything is shared. The
       | backbone has 100Gbps and you cant have 10 labours all using
       | 25Gbps. I also dont think P2P make sense in a metropolitan city
       | like Tokyo, New York or Hong Kong, especially in high rise, ultra
       | high density buildings with limited space. When 50G-PON barely
       | meet demands we are looking at 100G or 200G-PON. Individual fibre
       | is simple not feasible in those settings.
        
       | limagnolia wrote:
       | 1) Switzerland is tiny compared to the US. 2) FTTH is only
       | available to about 60% of the population right now. It is not
       | clear what percentage of those homes have access to 25 Gbit
       | service.
       | 
       | While I think the model of having the government own the Fiber
       | lines and selling access to providers has a lot of potential, it
       | would be very expensive to build this out to even 60% of the US.
        
       | alex_suzuki wrote:
       | Swiss here. Just a minor clarification on the article: fibre is
       | not available everywhere in Switzerland. Actually the rollout has
       | been quite slow, and chances are that if you live in a rural or
       | suburban area (like me) or in an older building then you might
       | not have fibre, and are limited to (fairly decent) copper.
        
         | nextstep wrote:
         | Can confirm this guy is Swiss
         | 
         | Has arguably the best infrastructure and system in the world
         | and will still find issue with it. A real Swiss hardly knows
         | the horror show that is the rest of the non-Switzerland world.
         | 
         | yeah, fiber rollout is slow outside of the cities. It's still
         | better than 95% of the developed world. All perspective.
        
           | panick21_ wrote:
           | People endlessly complain that the SBB is 'always' late.
        
             | kuboble wrote:
             | Like if you have a semi-important meeting in Zurich at 9am
             | It's perfectly fine to take a train which arrives in Zurich
             | at 8:53.
             | 
             | And in an unlikely scenario that the train is late,
             | everyone will agree that it's a valid circumstance.
        
               | kshacker wrote:
               | Assuming zero time to walk into office (just saying), one
               | day they will start scheduling meetings at 8:53 because
               | we all do get here at 8:53.
        
             | projektfu wrote:
             | Better to arrive (a couple minutes) late than to leave one
             | minute early.
        
           | alex_suzuki wrote:
           | We also have great chocolate.
        
         | malthaus wrote:
         | i'm swiss and also own property in central berlin. while i was
         | having insanely fast internet in all the places i lived in
         | switzerland since the year 2000 (first cable, then fiber),
         | german telekom has still not been able to connect my flat to
         | fiber, even though the street facing building side is and i'm
         | stuck with semi fast but fully overpriced dsl, which on top is
         | spotty because someone decided to install cheap copper - while
         | cable internet is not an option because 2 cable providers fight
         | over who owns the access to the building.
         | 
         | whatever the roll-out in switzerland is, it's heaps better than
         | in germany and most other places.
        
         | fainpul wrote:
         | Indeed rural areas are not as well covered [1], but in cities
         | it doesn't matter if you live in an old building. As long as
         | your street has fiber (most do by now), when you switch to a
         | fiber connection from your ISP, contractors will connect it to
         | your house (even if you only rent an appartment) and install an
         | optical outlet in your appartment, all for free.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://map.geo.admin.ch/#/map?lang=en&center=2634455.81,119...
        
           | alex_suzuki wrote:
           | Yeah I used to live in Zurich before moving into the boonies.
           | We were the first party in the house of 8 to want fiber,
           | filled out a form, ISP contacted house owner and everything
           | was up and running in a manner of days.
           | 
           | I now own (or rather the bank does) a small house in a more
           | rural canton, and while it's possible to apply for fiber, you
           | have to pay a significant part of the cost yourself, last I
           | checked it was more than 5K CHF. Not really worth it. I get
           | 400 MBit/s over copper at home from Init7. When fiber is
           | rolled out in the street, they will upgrade it for free.
           | 
           | Edit: added link to https://www.swisscom.ch/de/about/netz/ans
           | chluss/ftthondemand...
        
       | lclc wrote:
       | It's definitely because of the free markets. Only because Init7,
       | the provider who actually provides the 25 Gbit/s, is constantly
       | fighting Swisscom, the government-owned provider.
        
       | cycomanic wrote:
       | I would argue that the Scandinavian countries are a much better
       | example to use than Switzerland. In contrast to Switzerland
       | Sweden leads the world in fibre access build out (while being
       | geographically much larger). While I haven't seen 25 G internet
       | 10G is relatively common and 1G is the default (at around 40-50
       | euro per month). The model has is quite similar to Switzerland
       | though, open access fibre infrastructure with competition over
       | providing the data, either using equipment of the main provider
       | or using their own equipment.
        
         | brabel wrote:
         | I live in Sweden, and I don't see a fiber plan available from
         | Telia, the biggest provider, faster than 1Gb!?
         | https://www.telia.se/bredband/fiber
         | 
         | And I have the 600M plan since it's less than half the cost of
         | 1G but still plenty fast for my needs. Where do you even find
         | 10G??
        
       | vbernat wrote:
       | France has 90% FTTH coverage in 2025, with 60% of households over
       | 1 Gbps. One of the incumbents, Free (my employer), deployed P2P
       | fibers in very dense areas but is switching to P2MP for economic
       | reasons (and because this was not a competitive advantage). It's
       | unclear to me if Switzerland plans to achieve this coverage with
       | P2P. What looks great in Switzerland is not that each household
       | has four dedicated fibers to the CO, but that Swisscom has
       | responsibility for these fibers. In France, we have competition
       | between operators for both services and infrastructure. In very
       | dense areas, each building can have its own infrastructure
       | operator (with an obligation to share); in less dense areas, this
       | is by district (with an obligation to share); and in rural areas,
       | this is a subsidized network (with an obligation to share). The
       | downside is that there are "mutualisation points" where each ISP
       | can go to plug or unplug subscribers, and they become a mess (htt
       | ps://img.lemde.fr/2020/06/04/300/0/900/600/1440/960/60/0/...).
       | 
       | BTW, I am also disturbed by AI-generated images. The ones with
       | the three workers laying cables look highly unrealistic and made
       | me pause for a couple of minutes, wondering if they lay cables
       | that way in Germany. The ones about how households are connected
       | to CO look like you get multiple 720-fiber cables to the same
       | household.
        
         | jdeibele wrote:
         | I took the image to be showing how inefficient it was to run
         | that much fiber three times instead of just once. It's unlikely
         | that they'd do it at the same time but it seems very difficult
         | to show buried fiber and a backhoe ripping up the street.
        
           | vbernat wrote:
           | In reality, this does not happen that way. If a path already
           | exists, you can pay to use the same duct (unless it's full)
           | to install your own fibers. At least, it works this way in
           | France.
        
             | lachiflippi wrote:
             | It absolutely does happen that way in Germany. We had Fiber
             | Company A rip up the entire city a year ago, and Fiber
             | Company B ripped up the streets again just a few weeks ago.
             | 
             | ETA from my ISP to actually get any of those lines into my
             | apartment is still 2028.
        
               | throw0101d wrote:
               | This is a coordination problem: the municipality can
               | mandate that _every_ company has to install a larger
               | conduit so that (say) 3-6 (?) other fibres can be run.
               | 
               | So if one company is doing the east part of the town, and
               | another company is doing the west, at some point they
               | could leverage the infrastructure of each other.
        
               | eqvinox wrote:
               | > [...] the municipality can mandate [...]
               | 
               | I don't think so. German open access law says if you're
               | in a "market dominating" position, you have to share
               | access to what you have. I'm at least unaware of a law
               | that allows forcing telcos to build more than they want.
               | (And even if there were, it'd be balanced by them
               | deciding to just not build at all.)
        
             | dtech wrote:
             | I'm glad it works that way there. In the Netherlands, I've
             | never seen a fiber duct laid in residential areas, it seems
             | just plain fiber cables are buried.
             | 
             | Worse, two companies are chasing each other, so you have
             | the ground being opened, closed, and within half a year the
             | other company does the same. Even worse, they let the fiber
             | cables stick out of the ground until the house subscribes
             | to them, so a lot of houses have 1 or 2 ugly orange cables
             | sticking out of the ground for years near the front door.
        
               | m_mueller wrote:
               | at least in the Netherlands you got these nice street
               | bricks, so it's not always a waste of concrete and
               | patched streets.
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cq1kV6V_jvI
        
             | cnd78A wrote:
             | Which companies usually create these ducts? Is it a
             | business to install ducts and sell (rent?) the right to use
             | it?
        
         | madaxe_again wrote:
         | I'm curious as to how those numbers skew rural vs urban, as my
         | experience in France couldn't be further from fibre - have had
         | a house there for decades, and we went straight from dialup to
         | starlink, as there _still_ isn't even DSL available there.
         | Fibre... don't make me laugh.
         | 
         | It's not like we're super rural, either - small village, about
         | 8km from two middling towns. The cell network isn't much better
         | - it's 5g in the towns, and 2G or nothing as soon as you're a
         | few km out of them.
         | 
         | There _is_ a fibre trunk running down the main road, 1.5km from
         | the village, but when we enquired France telecom quoted about
         | EUR250,000 to extend the fibre up to us. We passed.
         | 
         | Edit: same kinda deal with free.fr. If I check availability by
         | address, it fails, as while the commune exists, the village
         | does not, never mind the roads within it. If I enter the land
         | line number, it says it is a mobile number and refuses to
         | proceed.
         | 
         | So: your figures say 90%, but I suspect that's a theoretical
         | number rather than a real one.
         | 
         | Maybe it's 90% of the 60% of addresses which got included in
         | the statistics.
         | 
         | Edit edit: Ah hah, yes. I've looked at arcep's methodology.
         | That 90% is inventoried premises (homes & businesses) which:
         | 
         | - _could_ be connected to FTTH, theoretically.
         | 
         | - exist in the arcep database
         | 
         | - are within several km of a live fibre
         | 
         | My home would be counted as "connected" by their methodology,
         | even though there's a quarter million euro bill to pay to make
         | it so, and several km of fibre to run.
         | 
         | So - the stat is self-aggrandising bullshit, sorry.
        
           | vbernat wrote:
           | Did you check on https://cartefibre.arcep.fr/? If your
           | address is there, you will know the status of your address
           | and notably the infrastructure operator, which has the
           | obligation to cover your zone before 2030. If your address is
           | not there (and the zone is empty, otherwise, this is up to
           | your municipality to fix the missing address), it means there
           | is no infrastructure operator yet. This is up to your local
           | government to make a deal with an infrastructure operator to
           | cover this zone.
           | 
           | As for the numbers, as it is open data, there are some sites
           | like https://infofibre.fr/ where this is easier to see where
           | we are. You can see that even rural regions have more than
           | 90% of household coverage.
           | 
           | As for definitions, there are two cases for availability:
           | immediate availability (infrastructure operator present up
           | and you have at least one commercial operator after 3 months)
           | or delayed availibility (the infrastructure operator has 6
           | months to make the address available after being asked by a
           | commercial operator).
        
           | db48x wrote:
           | Plus, the fiber trunk that runs near your house is not
           | necessarily relevant. What matters are the _endpoints_ of
           | that trunk line. They're not just going to dig it up and
           | splice your house into the middle of that fiber bundle. (This
           | is a critical difference between fiber and water/sewer
           | services!)
           | 
           | Instead there will need to be a central office (CO) in or
           | near those towns that has a fiber trunk running to it. Then
           | smaller fiber lines can be run from the CO outwards towards
           | potential subscribers. The cheapest way to do this is with
           | PON (passive optical networking) service, where a single
           | fiber carries 10Gbps or 40Gbps service that can be split
           | using prisms to service dozens of customers. XGSPON is
           | 40Gbps, serves up to 128 customers, and has a maximum service
           | distance of 16km. If you're the first subscriber in that
           | area, that EUR250k might be for opening up a whole new CO
           | plus running a PON fiber bundle the whole 8km between it and
           | your neighborhood.
        
           | folbec wrote:
           | It is heavily dependent on the history of your area.
           | 
           | I am near Lyon (12km away), I had 20mb then 100Mb coaxial
           | cable very early because the "departement" built a public
           | network and eventually leased it to private companies.
           | 
           | I finally switched to fiber 3 years ago when it became
           | available in my street.
           | 
           | The cell network is fairly bad however (even with 2 cell
           | towers less than 1km from my place).
           | 
           | So geography and history count a lot.
        
             | throw-the-towel wrote:
             | 12km away from Lyon is urban for all practical purposes.
             | (It's literally the 3rd most populated city proper in the
             | country.)
        
         | nunez wrote:
         | Zoom in to see the real terror. Exited the article after seeing
         | that.
        
       | ivraatiems wrote:
       | It's absolutely true that ISPs in the US are horrifically anti-
       | competitive, and also that they should be treated as utility
       | carriers, like electricity companies, not as "optional" services.
       | 
       | But that said, it took more than forty years to electrify the
       | entire United States[0]. "The internet", as we think of it,
       | hasn't even existed for 35 years yet. (Yes, I know there were
       | networks before that that the current system arose from, but
       | that's hair-splitting. I don't think the kind of Internet the
       | average person might even consider using existed before,
       | generously, ~1995-1996.) Yet, 95% of US adults use the Internet,
       | implying a penetration at least as high[1].
       | 
       | The median Internet speed in the US is around 250mbps down and is
       | in the top 10 in the world[3].
       | 
       | The problem is that access and speeds are not evenly distributed,
       | not that we can't get 22gbps symmetric down/up. We don't need to
       | give people in cities faster Internet; truly, you do not need
       | that speed to do day-to-day tasks. You don't even need the 1gbps
       | down/150mbps up that I have. What we need to do is make sure
       | people in rural areas can access at least the median speed.
       | 
       | That said, I think we could give it another 15-20 years and see
       | where our country with around 36 times the population and 238
       | times the landmass is at in terms of speeds.
       | 
       | [0] https://www.christenseninstitute.org/blog/how-the-history-
       | of... [1] https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/fact-
       | sheet/internet-bro... [2] https://tachus.com/internet-speeds-usa-
       | vs-the-rest-of-the-wo...
        
       | oyebenny wrote:
       | I'm jealous.
        
       | mirekrusin wrote:
       | There should be more of shared infrastructure / government / law
       | patterns, something like wikipedia but for running countries.
       | 
       | People all over the world seem to be fighting same little battles
       | and falling into same traps all the time.
       | 
       | There are many known gems that present structure in ecosystems
       | with correct incentives that do work, they should be
       | known/discoverable and they should be consulted when making
       | decisions.
        
       | qq66 wrote:
       | What is the benefit of 25Gbps home internet?
        
         | Podrod wrote:
         | You literally cannot think of a single benefit for having fast
         | Internet?
        
           | qq66 wrote:
           | I can think of a benefit of having 1Gbps. I can't think of
           | anything that a home user would benefit from 25Gbps that is
           | something a government should actually care about (watching
           | 10 different 8K Netflix streams at the same time is not a
           | human rights issue)
        
       | bob1029 wrote:
       | I'm in a fairly rural part of Texas (the middle of some woods)
       | and I've got symmetric 5gbps fiber. The last house I lived in had
       | 3 competing FTTH providers when I left. I don't think the story
       | is what it used to be anymore. I don't know of a single suburban
       | development in the state that doesn't have fiber today.
       | 
       | The small ISPs have done an incredible job in some cases. One of
       | the providers had 100% perfect uptime for 2 years, including
       | riding through a catastrophic windstorm that took out the local
       | power grid for ~5 days. I still had internet coming into my house
       | while the water and electricity were gone.
       | 
       | I think the very limited power requirements of fiber vs copper is
       | a huge part of what makes this work well in rural deployments.
       | You can power your last 5-10 miles from one box with a battery
       | for days. The fiber itself is also ridiculously cheap. No one
       | wants to steal this crap. It's worthless. I enjoyed seeing the
       | "Fiber optic cable, no scrap value" signs being posted for a
       | while. We don't need them anymore though. The local meth
       | enthusiast community is now fully educated regarding these
       | materials.
       | 
       | With everything about fiber being so cheap, the last remaining
       | problem is simply getting it from A to B. It's amazing how far
       | sideways you can go in a day with one man on a ditch witch. You
       | put 3-4 crews out there for a week and it's gonna get done. I've
       | seen them go from nothing to installed customer terminals in 30
       | days. Sure, they break every utility at least once getting it
       | installed, but it happens so fast the overall briefness of the
       | disruption is worth it.
       | 
       | I'm watching some Comcast regional sales people absolutely lose
       | their marbles after a really bad DOCSIS provider acquisition in
       | my area. The door to door sales campaign has become completely
       | unhinged. The copper infrastructure is on death's doorstep now.
       | Fiber is going to bury all of this crap in a few more years.
        
         | nunez wrote:
         | There are plenty of rural/exurban/suburban cities where Xfinity
         | "10G" DOCSIS coax, HughesNet/DirecTV or Starlink are your only
         | realistic options.
        
       | cowmix wrote:
       | My favorite example is here in the Phoenix metro area. We had DSL
       | and cable internet pretty early compared to the rest of the
       | country (mid/late 90s), but then things stagnated.
       | 
       | Then in 2014, Google Fiber announced they were expanding here
       | and, all of a sudden, the local telco and cable companies
       | (Centurylink and Cox) started rolling out fiber all over the
       | place -- like pretty much overnight. Then Google backed off, and
       | the incumbents slowed their roll too.
       | 
       | It was a on-the-nose reminder that these companies _can_ move
       | fast when they think a real competitor might show up.
        
         | senorrib wrote:
         | Weirdly, I live in a somewhat rural part of Brazil, and all
         | providers are small players. They're all offering 1Gi FTTH and
         | are now competing on price. Meanwhile, the closest metro area
         | still suffers with cable internet topping at 600M and low
         | availability.
         | 
         | Some big cities have seen a surge of small providers too, which
         | has been great for consumers.
         | 
         | That said, I dont buy the "natural monopoly" argument at all,
         | especially trying to compare it to water supply.
        
           | projektfu wrote:
           | My wife is from Rio Grande do Norte and I'm always impressed
           | that most of it has 1GB fiber, but roads are generally in
           | poor repair and cell service is lacking outside of cities.
           | 
           | The ISPs are not always good at maintaining that raw
           | capacity, though.
        
       | klamann wrote:
       | But here's the crucial part. This article didn't start as LLM
       | slop. It didn't happen because the author actually didn't have
       | anything meaningful to say. It happened because the author chose
       | to "spell check [the article] with AI".
        
       | therealdrag0 wrote:
       | Dumb questions if the fiber is open to anyone, what service does
       | the internet provider actually provide?
        
         | alex_young wrote:
         | The equipment on both sides of the 'tube'. Oh, and the backhaul
         | to said equipment.
        
         | globular-toast wrote:
         | They provide layer 2 and 3 of the OSI model[0] and usually
         | other related services like DNS, DHCP, email etc.
         | 
         | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model
        
         | db48x wrote:
         | They give you an IP address, maybe ipv6 or a static ipv4
         | address if you pay more. They compete on quality of service,
         | network policies, backhaul capacity, price, necessary services
         | like DNS, extras like email or bundled Netflix subscriptions,
         | etc, etc.
         | 
         | Some of these qualities are more legible than others.
        
       | db48x wrote:
       | Actually, Ziply Fiber offers 50Gbps symmetrical service in the
       | Northwest of the US: <https://ziplyfiber.com/internet/multigig>.
       | 
       | The free market is not a lie, it's just that a lot of our
       | politicians have lost their faith in it. That lead them to agree
       | to local monopolies. Ziply, however, has broken out of that model
       | and has been growing aggressively. It's not perfect, but it's
       | good.
        
         | buildbot wrote:
         | oooooo how did I miss this before
        
           | db48x wrote:
           | Probably just because there are so many ISPs in the USA that
           | keeping track of all of them is impossible. I only know about
           | it because I'm a customer (but not sadly of their 50Gbps
           | service; maybe one day).
        
             | buildbot wrote:
             | I actually meant their multi gig service in general/this
             | page - I know ziply quite well!
             | 
             | The 10G seems like a price/sanity sweet spot, 50G is really
             | massive overkill, as tempting as it would be...
        
               | db48x wrote:
               | Ah :)
               | 
               | 50Gbps is so very shiny...
        
       | AlecSchueler wrote:
       | It's because Europe can't innovate right?
        
       | brailsafe wrote:
       | It's nice to hear about examples where the incombent duopoly
       | telcos finally get off their ass as soon as there's the threat of
       | someone else coming in and installing fiber. Sadly, in my
       | hometown, the competition must not be so intense, since Bell and
       | Shaw/Rogers literally just lie about having it, by renaming their
       | service to "Fibe" Internet or literally "Shaw Fibre+ Gig
       | Internet" when Bell's coverage area amounts to only brand new
       | builds or neighborhoods, and Shaw (now Rogers) doesn't have a
       | real fiber network at all, it's just marginally faster download
       | ceilings with 15mbps uploads.
        
       | p4bl0 wrote:
       | My sister lives in Switzerland, in a remote place in the mountain
       | from a small town. Even over wifi the bandwidth at her place is
       | so fast it made my BitTorrent client _crash_ repeatedly. The
       | solution was to disconnect my system by deactivating the wifi,
       | relaunch my BitTorrent software, set a rate limit to the download
       | speed at 30MB /s, and then reactivate wifi.
        
         | seba_dos1 wrote:
         | 30MB/s is not a lot. Which client was that? KTorrent can easily
         | deal with more than three times that, which is what I get here
         | in Poland on a plan that's not even the fastest one available.
        
           | p4bl0 wrote:
           | It was KTorrent! But to be fair I just arbitrarily thought
           | that 30MB/s would be more than enough speed (at my place in
           | France that's probably the fastest my internet connection is
           | capable of), tried that, it worked, in a few seconds the file
           | was there, and that was it. I didn't try to see how fast I
           | could go before a crash, maybe if I would have set it to
           | 100MB/s it would have still been ok.
        
             | seba_dos1 wrote:
             | Seems like it would be good to move some of the stuff it
             | does to a dedicated thread as I've noticed the UI freezing
             | for some time when downloading a lot of data fast (but I
             | believe it's more about my slow SSD than Internet speed).
             | No crashes though!
        
         | manarth wrote:
         | I've had various pains with QBittorrent (nox) which seem to
         | vary based on the version of the client and the version of
         | libtorrent used. Out-of-memory and resume issues, but varying
         | according to the torrent size, number of simultaneous
         | downloads, and version/configuration specifics.
         | 
         | Torrent software (the clients and the libraries) feel a little
         | out-of-sync with prevailing torrent sizes and bandwidth
         | availability.
        
       | kev009 wrote:
       | I'm on a 100mbit fixed wireless connection after moving out of
       | the city where I used to have a GPON connection. The only thing I
       | really miss is the extremely low latency of GPON plus being in a
       | datacenter city.
       | 
       | Progress is good, and physical connections are well worth the
       | investment due to how long the stuff will last. But I honestly
       | think VDSL2 and cable are still good enough for most people. The
       | typical family and youth are probably on 5G as much as wifi these
       | days.
        
       | ssivark wrote:
       | Is the cost of laying fiber (via a public utility) to each
       | household counted as part of the monthly internet bill, or is
       | that funded separately? (eg. as part of property taxes)
        
       | oriettaxx wrote:
       | italy, a house in the so called 'rich' nord est, where 'Lega'
       | party has been ruling for decades:
       | 
       | * no fiber in the neightbour I am * internet on mobile: 10M when
       | lucky * all houses have no city water pipe
       | 
       | I'm glad they started to collect blak water (a month ago)
        
         | Hikikomori wrote:
         | Currently in Palermo old town. Got fiber and get 200+ mbit over
         | wifi. Even 5g when I go out.
        
       | fainpul wrote:
       | Good article which would be even better without the AI slop
       | images.
        
       | agateau wrote:
       | I wonder if the spare fiber connections could be use to mesh
       | houses together, in a kind-of decentralized way?
        
       | yard2010 wrote:
       | > This is what happens when you let natural monopolies operate
       | without oversight. They don't compete on price or quality. They
       | extract rent.
       | 
       | Sounds like racketeering with extra steps..
        
       | panick21_ wrote:
       | As a Swiss person with access to 25Gbit, its honestly just to
       | hard to get a actual router that can do 25Gbit, I opted for
       | 10Gbit, just so I could use a normal router.
        
       | VimEscapeArtist wrote:
       | AI-generated graphics make my eyes bleed
        
       | sometimes_all wrote:
       | In Mumbai, a fiber plan with 300 Mbps symmetrical is around USD
       | 20 with tax. A 1 Gbps is about 50 USD with tax. Also includes a
       | landline number, Netflix (plan depends on which fiber plan you
       | use, the 1 Gb ones have Premium) and a bunch of other local
       | subscriptions (some of which include HBO shows). Have never had a
       | single hitch, and I can switch providers if I want as long as
       | they have infra in the city.
       | 
       | Despite presence of some very big names (Jio, Airtel), there
       | still is healthy local competition, and the former haven't been
       | able to play any monopoly-related games yet, since it's quite
       | easy to switch. The past few years have been a significant
       | upgrade compared to what I've observed happening in the US.
       | Providers might even start offering 10+ Gbit for consumers in the
       | future, but I doubt there's a market for it right now.
        
       | scirob wrote:
       | I can confirm init7 and the whole setup in CH is indeed working
       | well
        
       | palata wrote:
       | The only reason I can see to not treat natural monopolies as
       | government-owned monopolies is political: those in power benefit
       | from privatising those.
       | 
       | Maybe this shows that Switzerland has a sane political system?
        
         | bsenftner wrote:
         | Why doesn't X have Y? When talking about nations, that is
         | typically corruption.
         | 
         | Why can't NationX have quality public transit? Corruption. Why
         | can't NationX have quality political parties or politicians?
         | Corruption. Why can't NationX have a quality education and
         | produce people capable of understanding and supporting their
         | own political system? Corruption.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | This is a thought-terminating cliche [1]. Not an actual
           | explanation.
           | 
           | Like, why is the assumption that countries should be
           | homogenous? Since when did geography, culture, industrial
           | structure, natural-resource availability and national wealth
           | become irrelevant?
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thought-
           | terminating_clich%C3%A...
        
             | bsenftner wrote:
             | Maybe thought terminating but it is discussion instigating,
             | and if stated in a public conversation by anyone of
             | authority and power, it's a nuclear bomb going off. This is
             | the unstated conversation that needs to occur in public,
             | and not by me or you or anyone less than a ruler of a major
             | country, and not that idiot Trump.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _it is discussion instigating_
               | 
               | Not really. "Corruption" as the answer to why America
               | doesn't have 25 Gbit internet is (a) mostly wrong and (b)
               | useless in terms of developing next steps.
               | 
               | > _the unstated conversation that needs to occur in
               | public_
               | 
               | Everyone is constantly talking about corruption.
               | Pretending it's "unstated" is wrong. The conversation
               | usually doesn't go anywhere because saying corruption
               | with zero evidence is essentially useless for generating
               | next steps. Maybe you're right. Maybe it leads to a wild-
               | goose chase. Either way, insufficient to actually do
               | anything with.
        
       | firesteelrain wrote:
       | I have 500 Mbps internet (fiber optic) with 40+ devices on it. I
       | don't see myself needing even 1 Gbps nor even close to 25 Gbps.
       | At my enterprise, we have 900 simultaneous users to include
       | thousands of CICD jobs, and we don't even come close to 25 Gbps.
        
         | beAbU wrote:
         | People were saying the same thing about 10Mbps 15 years ago.
         | 
         | Things change, and 25Gbps is massive future proofing for the
         | next 50 years probably.
        
           | firesteelrain wrote:
           | My point is I don't even come close to the bandwidth limits.
           | My latency is excellent. I had coax based internet and it was
           | going down a lot. I switched to fiber about 5-6 years ago.
           | Never went down once
        
             | beAbU wrote:
             | Yes, and my point is 10 years from now when you are
             | streaming your 16k Netflix movie while saving all you 8k
             | cctv camera footage to the cloud you might have a different
             | opinion about gigabit internet.
        
               | im3w1l wrote:
               | Money has a time value. It's better to build things just
               | before you need them than decades prior.
        
         | himata4113 wrote:
         | It's more of a "wow how could I have tolerated 500mbps" once
         | you experience 1gbps and 10gbps.
        
           | xxs wrote:
           | realistically the only part at half a gb/s I'd care is
           | latency. Latency is a lot more important than the throughput.
        
         | itopaloglu83 wrote:
         | Bill Gates: "640K ought to be enough for anybody."
        
         | nunez wrote:
         | I'm going to disagree. I have 5Gbit FTTH and it is SO NICE to
         | have large files download almost as quickly as pulling from an
         | old hard drive. Used to have 1Gbit before.
        
       | haunter wrote:
       | I live in a small town (~10k) in Hungary and we have 4Gbit fiber
       | here
        
         | halapro wrote:
         | This is one of the benefits of living in Europe, which is
         | relatively densely populated compared to places like the US.
        
           | sumedh wrote:
           | Does New York, LA etc have 25 Gbit internet?
        
             | halapro wrote:
             | Density doesn't cause faster internet but it certainly
             | facilitates it. The US has far too much lobbying to favor
             | consumers.
        
               | sumedh wrote:
               | Now you are moving the goalpost.
        
       | dangoodmanUT wrote:
       | > This is marketed as competition. But it's not. It's a cartel.
       | Each company gets its own protected territory, and consumers get
       | no choice.
       | 
       | Starlink has me extra excited for exactly this: region agnostic
       | competition.
       | 
       | Get rekt, telecom incumbents
        
       | cesarb wrote:
       | > Every home gets a dedicated 4-strand fiber line. Point-to-
       | Point. Not shared. Not split 32 ways. [...] That dedicated fiber
       | terminates in a neutral, open hub.
       | 
       | If you think about it, other than the "neutral, open" part, it's
       | a return to the traditional phone model, where every home gets a
       | dedicated point-to-point copper pair (or sometimes two pairs),
       | which terminates in a hub (the telco central building) nearby,
       | instead of being shared between several homes (though I've heard
       | that, in the distant past, phone lines were also sometimes shared
       | between households).
        
       | ascotan wrote:
       | The real reason for the "cartels" in the US is because of the
       | cost of infrastructure versus the subscribers cost. Because the
       | United States is so large there are only a few companies that can
       | create the infrastructure required to service large area areas
       | with fiber.
       | 
       | So companies that have the ability to lay down, fiber do so in
       | necessary cooperation with other providers to create a large
       | patchwork across the country. This means that network companies
       | have to cooperate with each other to send traffic back-and-forth.
       | 
       | It's not realistic or feasible to have the US government generate
       | a fiber optic connectivity for the entirety of every household in
       | the United States. In fact, the free market was the only
       | realistic possible to deliver this.
        
         | everyone wrote:
         | "It's not realistic or feasible to have the US government
         | generate a fiber optic connectivity for the entirety of every
         | household in the United States. In fact, the free market was
         | the only realistic possible to deliver this."
         | 
         | Why? Other countries with similar population densities have
         | done it. A bigger country should have an advantage due to
         | economies of scale.
        
           | Xunjin wrote:
           | I think he means it's not economic viable to the companies,
           | however as you can see the Swiss model was defined by
           | politics.
           | 
           | Even though, I agree with you it's possible, in my city the
           | internet only got better when a monopoly was broken, and a
           | state company decide to work in a new infrastructure, all
           | FTTH, now I pay less than 100BRL for 300/150Mbps with that
           | price 10 years ago it was only possible ADSL connections
           | (25Mbps).
           | 
           | Now every major provider do have FTTH infra with great
           | prices.
        
           | ranman wrote:
           | Which countries? Density matters but raw volume matters too.
        
         | jmyeet wrote:
         | This is just pure nonsense. The only reason for "cartels" is
         | regulatory capture.
         | 
         | Most of the cost of an ISP is the so-called "last mile".
         | Depending on your locale this is usually either stringing up
         | cables on existing telephone poles or digging trenches,
         | typically in the setback area between the road and the sidewalk
         | that you might maintain but you don't technically own (or the
         | municipality maintains an easement on, it varies).
         | 
         | Once you go from the premises to a central POP, the costs
         | basically go to zero (per install). Backhaul bandwidth for a
         | residential ISP is incredibly cheap, even free with peering
         | arrangements.
         | 
         | The point is that geography really doesn't matter. Wiring up a
         | 10,000 homes in Phoenix, Zurich, Shanghai or Sydney is
         | basically the same (normalized for labor costs). The US is very
         | spread out due to geography. It doesn't matter. The links
         | between towns are a small fraction of the cost and often
         | covered by existing rights-of-way anyway (eg railroads). You
         | compare that to a highly urbanized and concentrated population
         | like Australia where urban density is very similar to many
         | American towns and cities and you're dealing with a very
         | similar cost structure.
         | 
         | Think about it this way: if geography was the issue and not,
         | say, artificial barriers to prevent competition (including from
         | municipal broadband), why would the ISP lobby spend so much
         | moeny to make municipal broadband illegal (as they do in many
         | states)? Or why would they formalize a monopoly into a contract
         | with an "exclusivity" deal (ie franchise agreement)?
        
         | throw0101d wrote:
         | > _The real reason for the "cartels" in the US is because of
         | the cost of infrastructure versus the subscribers cost. Because
         | the United States is so large there are only a few companies
         | that can create the infrastructure required to service large
         | area areas with fiber._
         | 
         | The "US is large" argument is non-sense. 40% of the US
         | population lives in a coastal county:
         | 
         | * https://coast.noaa.gov/states/fast-facts/economics-and-
         | demog...
         | 
         | And two-thirds of the population lives with-in 100 miles of the
         | border:
         | 
         | * https://www.aclu.org/news/immigrants-rights/your-rights-
         | bord...
         | 
         | The US population is fairly concentrated.
         | 
         | And even if it wasn't, looking at history, the US managed to
         | bring electrical cables to just about every household in the
         | country, and later telephone cables. If those two things could
         | be done in the 1900s, why can't fibre be done in the 2000s?
        
           | mrguyorama wrote:
           | > the US managed to bring electrical cables to just about
           | every household in the country
           | 
           | We had to pass acts of congress to pay for last mile
           | electrical infrastructure for those who were truly out in the
           | boonies and poor.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rural_Electrification_Act
           | 
           | We paid a shitload of money to various ISPs to do exactly the
           | same thing for internet, multiple times, and then just let
           | them.... not.
        
         | johannes1234321 wrote:
         | > It's not realistic or feasible to have the US government
         | generate a fiber optic connectivity for the entirety of every
         | household in the United States. In fact, the free market was
         | the only realistic possible to deliver this.
         | 
         | They managed for water and wastewater, which are a lot more
         | complex than fiber.
        
           | rGoi5jelkjzdgfo wrote:
           | Electric is probably a better example, >20% of the US is on
           | septic systems for their wastewater.
        
       | slackfan wrote:
       | Because America built the backbone for our connected systems 50+
       | years ago, and also because the US of A is 238 times larger than
       | Switzerland.
       | 
       | /thread
        
       | phkahler wrote:
       | Switzerland is 1/6 the size of Michigan and has 90 percent as
       | many people as Michigan (9M vs 10M). With a higher population
       | density I'd expect better rollout of things like internet
       | service. And that's just ONE average size US state - there are
       | 50, some of which are larger with even fewer people. It's not
       | really a fair comparison regardless of which business or
       | political factors are in play.
        
         | scraptor wrote:
         | So what's your excuse for why New York has equally bad
         | internet?
        
           | AdamJacobMuller wrote:
           | City or state?
           | 
           | City: just take a walk through manhattan and in a block or
           | two look at the giant open-pit excavation with a 200-year-old
           | morass of undocumented infrastructure under the street. This
           | is before you even try to run fiber up to units in buildings
           | which were built before electricity was standard. I am hardly
           | saying it can't be done, simply that it is not as easy as
           | density makes it seem.
           | 
           | State: the exact opposite problem -- just drive two hours
           | north of NYC and (if you're not still in manhattan) you'll be
           | in some fantastic areas of the state, but, the exact opposite
           | problem exists.
           | 
           | Of note, I do think both of these problems are solvable and
           | we should fundamentally solve them. Just anybody who thinks
           | it's easy or cheap to do so is being myopic. If spent wisely,
           | could be a very useful investment of our money, however.
        
         | Zopieux wrote:
         | I was wondering why there wasn't yet a comment dismissing any
         | change or progress in the US citing its land size, forgetting
         | that the US has hundreds of large, dense cities where this
         | "argument" does no hold.
         | 
         | Never change!
        
           | vel0city wrote:
           | > forgetting that the US has hundreds of large, dense cities
           | 
           | Those large US cities really aren't anywhere near as dense
           | though once you're comparing the actual MSA (US) or FUA (EU).
           | The population densities of those actual whole areas are
           | nowhere near the same.
           | 
           | For comparison relevant to this article, only 25% of the
           | Swiss population live in single family detached houses. About
           | 60% of US households live in single-family detached housing.
           | 
           | https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/en/home/statistics/construction.
           | ..
           | 
           | Zurich and Milwaukee both have ~1.5M people in their
           | Functional Urban Area/Metropolitan Statistical Area. One has
           | a density of ~750/km^2 and the other is ~418. Guess which is
           | which. Or compare Lausanne to Modesto CA. Both have ~550k
           | populations. One 637/km^2, one is 144/km^2.
           | 
           | Such big and dense cities we have here in the US!
           | 
           | Either way though, I do think its often less to do with
           | population densities and more about political will of the
           | local populace and regulatory capture.
           | 
           | I have family that lives in a pretty newly developed area in
           | the middle of an already well-developed area with tons of
           | homes having fiber-to-the-home. The local cable company
           | managed to convince the builder to let only them install coax
           | services to these homes. Now it will cost the fiber company a
           | lot more if they want to eventually go into that
           | neighborhood, so they haven't bothered.
           | 
           | You see the same thing with pole attachment rights in our
           | cities. Incumbents shut down competition and prevent those
           | who push for change.
        
       | DonnyV wrote:
       | This is a nice story and how it played out is great for
       | Switzerland. But the ways listed on how to fix it, wouldn't work
       | in the US. See companies in the US have already worked around
       | what worked for Switzerland.
       | 
       | The different levels of governments in the US are corrupt.
       | Sometimes from town all the way up to Federal. Actually its
       | definitely completly corrupt at the Federal level. A politician
       | or Judge has already been bought to make sure a case like the
       | Swisscom lost. Would never happen here.
       | 
       | So before we have any progress in really any industry in the US.
       | We need to desperately clean house with our politicians, attorney
       | generals and judges.
        
       | hermannj314 wrote:
       | Well, whenever my city has to vote on extending the
       | Xfinity/Comcast monopoly, coincidently Xfinity/Comcast is giving
       | $5 off pizza coupons at my local pizza place.
       | 
       | Bet they don't have that in Switzerland.
        
       | crispyambulance wrote:
       | Simple question that doesn't seem to be addressed by "speed
       | tests".
       | 
       | Does 25Gbps matter? I mean, it's not like your online services
       | are going to be "faster", right?
       | 
       | Is Netflix or any other web endpoint that normal people use going
       | to be noticeably better because a household has 25Gbps rather
       | than 1Gbps?
       | 
       | Doesn't this only matter for many simultaneous users of heavy web
       | traffic?
        
         | abustamam wrote:
         | In most cases probably not. But the question isn't "who needs
         | 25gbps" it's "why are we only limited to 1gbps if we're lucky
         | in the US?"
        
         | servo_sausage wrote:
         | In terms of what one person consumes, it would be rare to make
         | full use of it.
         | 
         | I wonder if this speed was available everywhere, would more
         | people self-host?
        
       | jgalt212 wrote:
       | What can a homeowner (not a homelaber) do with 25 GB Internet
       | that cannot be done with 1 GB Internet?
        
       | oytis wrote:
       | Because Switzerland is a tiny country that holds wealth extracted
       | from whole wolrd's economies and that's just not replicatable
       | even by the US?
        
       | projektfu wrote:
       | A couple of nitpicks (or nut-picks). AT&T is usually in
       | competition with the local cable monopoly and runs FTTH where
       | they run fiber. Google Fiber is installing as well, on the German
       | model.
       | 
       | The problem in the USA is that we protect an incumbent's profits
       | at all costs. Natural monopolies end up serving the monopoly
       | instead of the community. For example, in Atlanta, natural gas is
       | delivered by Atlanta Gas Light, priced on some theoretical
       | capacity number for the most gas you'll ever need at one time
       | (DDDC). We then pay marketers to supply the gas. AGL gets paid
       | whether or not we use gas, and the marketer gets paid both a
       | monthly fee and a rate per therm. It's the most expensive gas
       | I've had in this country.
        
       | d_sem wrote:
       | The geographic and demographic orders of magnitude when comparing
       | these two places makes it difficult to extrapolate applicability
       | of best practices. Who's to say the Swiss model scales? Article
       | doesn't convincingly address this.
       | 
       | For context:
       | 
       | 41 US States are geographically larger than Switzerland. It's
       | most comparable state in area is West Virginia. West Virginia is
       | .064% of the national area.
       | 
       | Some fun distance contexts. Driving end to end in Switzerland is
       | comparable in distance to: Driving from Pittsburgh to
       | Philadelphia, Detroit to Chicago, or New York City to Washington
       | DC.
        
         | Sayrus wrote:
         | Extrapolating with this method, large cities should be as well
         | equipped as Switzerland.
         | 
         | Los Angeles has 10x the population density of Switzerland and
         | around the same population density in urban area. Same for
         | Washington dc, San Francisco...
         | 
         | It doesn't have to be an all-or-nothing. Distance between
         | cities may be large, but the order of magnitude is closer when
         | comparing within cities.
        
           | ryandrake wrote:
           | Exactly. Whenever anyone trots out the "Bbbbut the USA is too
           | large and sparsely populated to have X!" excuse, ask them why
           | New Jersey doesn't have X.
        
         | senordevnyc wrote:
         | I believe you mean 0.64%
        
         | fennecbutt wrote:
         | Yeah but like 10x the population, 10x the GDP, etc.
         | 
         | You're saying they laid down rail in the US from end to end
         | during wild West times but modern infrastructure can't be built
         | to the same scale even with mechanisation?
         | 
         | Lmao sounds like the UK. It does make sense tho, the world is
         | now filled with middlemen and getting any job done costs 10x
         | because of parasites.
        
           | SubmarineClub wrote:
           | > You're saying they laid down rail in the US from end to end
           | during wild West times
           | 
           | At a time when labor was dirt cheap and safety regulations
           | were non-existent.
           | 
           | The railroads specifically used Chinese laborers who were
           | treated, and paid, like shit.
        
             | danny_codes wrote:
             | And also a time when people were laying down ties with
             | their hands and a hammer.
             | 
             | This isn't a labor issue it's purely political. Some people
             | get rich from the status quo and bribe politicians to
             | prevent competition. America is increasingly corrupt,
             | particularly since citizens united and accelerating under
             | the current admin
        
         | zer00eyz wrote:
         | Sure, and we basically force users to choose one or two
         | providers. Some of these are compelled to serve rural customers
         | as well.
         | 
         | I live in the SF Bay Area, and have Sonic internet. 10gbe for
         | 60 bucks a month.
         | 
         | I ended up building my own router/firewall because it was
         | cheaper than anything off the shelf that could deal with that
         | sort of speed.
         | 
         | It is entirely possible to have these sorts of services in the
         | states, when competition is allowed.
        
         | sjm wrote:
         | This is the same American-branded copium we see during
         | discussions of socialized healthcare, which every other first-
         | world country on the planet seems to manage. China has 10G and
         | 50G home fiber. Zurich is larger geographically than Manhattan,
         | while having much lower population density.
        
           | pb7 wrote:
           | I guarantee you 99% of China landmass does not have 50G. Most
           | of the country is ultra poor rice paddy farmers. Get real.
        
             | sjm wrote:
             | Fine, 99% of China "landmass" does not have 50G. 100% of
             | the US does not have 10G. The fact that in NYC, the richest
             | city in the history of cities, most buildings still only
             | have access to cable from a single provider is absolutely
             | ridiculous. Urban centers is what is worth comparison here,
             | and the US falls massively behind.
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | > 100% of the US does not have 10G.
               | 
               | Very untrue. There are several providers in the US which
               | offer 10Gbit services. Many more offer 2-5Gbit services
               | pretty broadly. I've got friends in Kansas City with
               | 40Gbit residential service. Sonic also offers 10Gbit in
               | California.
        
             | maxglute wrote:
             | Not all landmass because most of Tibet/Xinjiang empty, but
             | ~100% wireless coverage east of Heihe-Tengchong line where
             | ~95% of population are. Including Tibet/Xinjiang remote
             | areas, ~95%+ of administered population areas down to
             | village level where poor farmers have access to 5g AND
             | fiber hookup option by now.
             | 
             | Building infra and networking gear is cheap in society that
             | knows how to build and carriers are required to install in
             | administered villages even if it's not profitable. Fiber
             | adoption rate actually higher among rice farmers because
             | they get subsidies, 1Gbps gigabyte fiber for cost of 200
             | Mbps in city and because bunch of villages got hooked up in
             | last 10 years - they skipped straight to fiber which was
             | bundled with road/power buildout.
             | 
             | Meanwhile US so dysfunctional / can't brute force rural
             | fiber, need to literally invent SpaceX to plug gap. Which
             | TBH is good copium.
        
               | danny_codes wrote:
               | Why have fiber for a $1 when you can have space fiber for
               | $1000!
        
           | joquarky wrote:
           | Unfortunately, problems like socialized healthcare are just
           | far too complicated for contemporary America to solve. We
           | used to be able to tackle big problems, but unless you're
           | looking for ways to dodge taxes or rip people off, we're just
           | not equipped for complex problem solving anymore.
           | 
           | Guess we should have invested more in education.
        
       | ExoticPearTree wrote:
       | I live in a country where you can get 10Gbps fiber for ~ 10EUR.
       | And one 1Gbps for the same money if they don't have coverage for
       | the 10G.
       | 
       | And, having worked with the US providers all I can tell you is
       | this: greed, and lots of it. And if they're the only option in an
       | area, they will charge you a literal arm and a leg.
       | 
       | Just a small example: in a mall, there was a single provider Paid
       | ~ 300USD for 5Mbps in 2024. Once we were able to upgrade the
       | equipment and get a cell router, we got to pay about $50/mo for ~
       | 50-60Mbps. Mall provider not happy.
        
       | geekraver wrote:
       | Because it's a functional society that has a government that
       | works for the citizenry and not a small cadre of wealthy
       | sponsors?
        
         | mrits wrote:
         | It's a tiny rich country. We should be comparing it to New York
         | City not the US
        
       | FuriouslyAdrift wrote:
       | You can run several mutually exclusive frequencies on a single
       | strand of single mode fiber in multi-gigabit speeds. The biggest
       | drawback is that the module price can get quite high.
       | 
       | There's nothing inherently "wrong" with a P2MP topology for
       | public infrastructure.
        
       | ArchieScrivener wrote:
       | Uh, maybe because Switzerland is the size of a Poptart?
        
       | tristor wrote:
       | This is true, but not in the city of Chattanooga, Tennessee.
       | Chattanooga through EPB has had 25Gbit residential fiber service
       | since 2022. EPB is the most successful municipal fiber program in
       | the US, and has resulted directly in the creation of other
       | municipal fiber programs in other parts of the US, as well as
       | telco lobbying causing 16 states to enact laws banning it,
       | because it was so successful it made Comcast and AT&T scared.
       | 
       | I have 5gbit symmetric fiber at my house in Texas, and it is only
       | available here because Google Fiber entered the city offer 1gbit
       | symmetric fiber for 60% less than you could get a 300mbit cable
       | link or 75mbit DSL link. Suddenly everyone was building out fiber
       | infrastructure, and I now pay less for 5gbit symmetric fiber than
       | I did for a brief while for gigabit cable (DOCSIS 3.1) which was
       | 1gb/50mb.
       | 
       | The primary piece about this that's relevant is the difference in
       | deployment architecture. P2MP is much cheaper for providers to
       | deploy, but it does lock you in, and more to the point it means
       | even your symmetric links aren't guaranteed to get full
       | throughput at all times because they oversubscribe the backhauls.
       | Still, in most major US cities that now have fiber service, you
       | will rarely see any performance drops. I can confirm that I get
       | close to 5gbits bidirectionally during peak hours, which is a
       | testament to the fact that it was completely possible to have
       | done this a decade ago and it just required some actual
       | competition for AT&T to get off its ass and do it. Unfortunately
       | I don't have Google Fiber at my address because they're now
       | offering 8gbit symmetric in the city.
        
       | cute_boi wrote:
       | I think the federal government should stop giving money to ISPs.
       | They do nothing and just waste the budget. And, we should also
       | use approach where ISP can use same fiber connection.
        
       | im3w1l wrote:
       | As someone living in neither country 50mbit is good enough for me
       | and I have several times that already. I wouldn't wanna pay more
       | on my bill for a rollout of newer tech when I'm perfectly happy
       | with what I have.
        
       | gherkinnn wrote:
       | These threads are always the same. "No way the we [the US] can
       | have $nice_thing because density, size, heterogeneity". Applies
       | to internet, trains, functioning democracy, a lack school
       | shootings, and all things decent. It's all bollocks of course.
       | Nobody is asking for a dense railway network across a desert or
       | fast internet for every last cabin in Alaska.
       | 
       | It's such a bore.
       | 
       | Granted, Europeans (so me) can be arrogant about these things.
        
         | xboxnolifes wrote:
         | The argument loses even more weight if you look to China's
         | infrastructure over their massive country.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2026-04-06 23:01 UTC)