[HN Gopher] Training mRNA Language Models Across 25 Species for ...
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       Training mRNA Language Models Across 25 Species for $165
        
       We built an end-to-end protein AI pipeline covering structure
       prediction, sequence design, and codon optimization. After
       comparing multiple transformer architectures for codon-level
       language modeling, CodonRoBERTa-large-v2 emerged as the clear
       winner with a perplexity of 4.10 and a Spearman CAI correlation of
       0.40, significantly outperforming ModernBERT. We then scaled to 25
       species, trained 4 production models in 55 GPU-hours, and built a
       species-conditioned system that no other open-source project
       offers. Complete results, architectural decisions, and runnable
       code below.
        
       Author : maziyar
       Score  : 96 points
       Date   : 2026-04-01 20:38 UTC (3 days ago)
        
       | maziyar wrote:
       | full article: https://huggingface.co/blog/OpenMed/training-mrna-
       | models-25-...
        
         | xyz100 wrote:
         | What makes this dataset or problem worth solving compared to
         | other health datasets? Would the results on this task be
         | broadly useful to health?
        
           | CyberDildonics wrote:
           | What other "datasets" are you talking about? How do you
           | "solve a dataset" ?
        
         | pfisherman wrote:
         | Nice work! Here is an article you may find helpful if you have
         | not already come across it.[0]. You may also want to consider
         | benchmarking against some non ML methods.[1]
         | 
         | 0. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35318324/
         | 
         | 1. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06127-z
        
       | HocusLocus wrote:
       | gray goo of the future
        
       | khalic wrote:
       | > In Progress: CodonJEPA
       | 
       | JEPA is going to break the whole industry :D
        
         | digdugdirk wrote:
         | Can you explain this? I haven't heard of JEPA, and from a quick
         | search it seems to be vision/robotics based?
        
           | lukeinator42 wrote:
           | https://openreview.net/pdf?id=BZ5a1r-kVsf
        
           | khalic wrote:
           | It's a self supervised learning architecture, and it's pretty
           | much universal. The loss function runs on embeddings, and
           | some other smart architectural choices allover. Worth diving
           | into for a few hours, Yann LeCun gives some interesting talks
           | about it
        
       | simianwords wrote:
       | What makes these Domain specific models work when we don't have
       | good domain models for health care, chemistry, economics and so
       | on
        
         | colechristensen wrote:
         | >we don't have good domain models for health care, chemistry,
         | economics and so on
         | 
         | Who says we don't?
        
           | simianwords wrote:
           | Examples please?
        
             | colechristensen wrote:
             | No, it's really simple to search for domain specific models
             | being used "in production" all over the place
        
               | simianwords wrote:
               | I didn't find a single one that outperforms a general
               | model.
        
               | colechristensen wrote:
               | Ok, alphafold.
        
               | simianwords wrote:
               | It's not a large language model
        
       | rubicon33 wrote:
       | Can someone explain what one might use this model for? As a
       | developer with a casual interest in biology it would be fun to
       | play with but honestly not sure what I would do
        
         | colechristensen wrote:
         | You can get your feet wet with genetic engineering for
         | surprisingly little money.
         | 
         | This guy shows a lot of how it's done:
         | https://www.youtube.com/@thethoughtemporium
         | 
         | Basically you can design/edit/inject custom genes into things
         | and see real results spending on the scale of $100-$1000.
        
           | someuser54541 wrote:
           | Is there something like this in text/readable format?
        
           | _zoltan_ wrote:
           | My main concern is using fungi. If it ends up in my lungs I'm
           | most likely screwed, right?
        
             | nurettin wrote:
             | Yes, but most students produce their best work while
             | infected.
        
             | colechristensen wrote:
             | This is the classic meme https://www.reddit.com/r/labrats/c
             | omments/mmv2ig/lab_strains...
             | 
             | Lab strains of things tend to be extremely sensitive and
             | not human adapted. You shouldn't study and modify human-
             | infecting organisms in your basement anyway. While you
             | shouldn't ignore protective equipment and proper
             | procedure... paranoia about infecting yourself with a lab
             | leak isn't warranted.
        
       | yieldcrv wrote:
       | Distributing the load on this will probably be infinitely more
       | useful than "folding at home"
        
       | skyskys wrote:
       | hmmmm seems like some fake hype.
        
       | seamossfet wrote:
       | The problem with models like this is they're built on very little
       | actual training data we can trace back to verifiable protein
       | data. The protein data back, and other sources of training data
       | for stuff like this, has a lot of broken structures in them and
       | "creative liberties" taken to infer a structure from instrument
       | data. It's a very complex process that leaves a lot for
       | interpretation.
       | 
       | On top of that, we don't have a clear understanding on how
       | certain positions (conformations) of a structure affect
       | underlying biological mechanisms.
       | 
       | Yes, these models can predict surprisingly accurate structures
       | and sequences. Do we know if these outputs are biologically
       | useful? Not quite.
       | 
       | This technology is amazing, don't get me wrong, but to the
       | average person they might see this and wonder why we can't go
       | full futurism and solve every pathology with models like these.
       | 
       | We've come a long way, but there's still a very very long way to
       | go.
        
         | stardust2 wrote:
         | How do we get more verifiable protein data? So even if we had
         | better data, we don't yet understand how the structure impacts
         | the biology?
        
       | colingauvin wrote:
       | HN's blindspots never cease to amaze me.
       | 
       | I am a structural biologist working in pharmaceutical design and
       | this type of thing could be wildly useful (if it works).
        
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       (page generated 2026-04-04 23:00 UTC)