[HN Gopher] Firm boosts H.264 streaming license fees from $100k ...
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       Firm boosts H.264 streaming license fees from $100k up to
       staggering $4.5M
        
       Author : MaximilianEmel
       Score  : 120 points
       Date   : 2026-04-03 18:20 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.tomshardware.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.tomshardware.com)
        
       | NooneAtAll3 wrote:
       | what are the open source alternatives?
        
         | charcircuit wrote:
         | This is for patent licensing. Using an open source
         | implementation doesn't get rid of your obligation to license
         | the patents for it.
        
           | adrian_b wrote:
           | In most countries the H.264 patents have already expired, for
           | instance in Europe they have expired, but in USA not yet (in
           | USA most patents should expire towards the end of next year).
           | 
           | So that firm might try to squeeze every penny they can before
           | the expiration of the patents.
        
         | kmeisthax wrote:
         | AV1, as well as the older On2 codec series it was based off of
         | (VP9, VP8, etc).
        
         | topranks wrote:
         | VP9, AV1
        
           | chromacity wrote:
           | As the article says, there are companies seeking royalties
           | for both of these codecs.
        
             | adrian_b wrote:
             | There is no proof that their patent claims over AV1 or VP9
             | are valid.
             | 
             | For now they try to bully some smaller companies with the
             | threat of the big legal expenses that would be needed to
             | fight these claims.
        
               | throawayonthe wrote:
               | i don't think Snap Inc. and Amazon are small companies
        
             | mook wrote:
             | The funny thing about patent licensing alliances is that
             | there's no guarantee that nobody else outside of the bloc
             | will pop up and start suing people.
             | 
             | Basically, you can consider AOM to be a licensing
             | alliances, where the fee is zero.
        
             | asadotzler wrote:
             | Seeking is not getting, not even close. Suggesting it is
             | only supports their propaganda and adds momentum to their
             | bogus race to a cash grab.
        
         | adrian_b wrote:
         | In most countries, including in Europe, the H.264 patents have
         | already expired. There you can use H.264 freely.
         | 
         | Some patents remain valid in USA, Brazil and a few other
         | countries.
        
       | hollow-moe wrote:
       | Aren't VP9 and AV1 supposed to be "royalty free formats" ?
        
         | adrian_b wrote:
         | They have been created with the express purpose of avoiding
         | incidents like this.
         | 
         | Instead of paying the ransom, a streaming company should
         | transcode their movies to a royalty-free format, like AV1 or
         | VP9.
         | 
         | Even big companies like Dell have preferred to disable the
         | H.265 codecs in the computers they sell, instead of accepting
         | similar demands for greatly increased royalties, and I think
         | that it was the right choice.
        
         | watermelon0 wrote:
         | They are supposed to be, but Disney doesn't think so:
         | https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2026/03/av1s-open-royalty-fr...
         | 
         | Also, let's not forget that the majority of devices still don't
         | have AV1 hardware decoding support. For example, Apple only
         | recently (2023) added support with iPhone 15 Pro and M3 Macs.
        
           | adrian_b wrote:
           | The claims made by Dolby that some H.265 patent claims that
           | are formulated very vaguely also apply to AV1 are probably
           | bogus.
           | 
           | Like many other such frivolous patent lawsuits, Dolby hopes
           | to either scare the other company into making a deal in order
           | to avoid bigger legal expenses, or to establish a legal
           | precedent if their cunning lawyers can convince a technically
           | incompetent jury that the H.265 patents are applicable to
           | AV1.
           | 
           | This is the kind of trial that should have never been decided
           | by a normal jury, but only by a panel of neutral experts in
           | this field.
        
             | skrrtww wrote:
             | Is a panel of 'neutral' experts even possible to field in
             | this area? I feel like anyone with sufficiently in depth
             | knowledge of both the AV1 and HEVC specs has almost
             | certainly derived a big paycheck for years from
             | stakeholders on one side or the other of these lawsuits.
             | 
             | I'm no expert, but Google having designed AV1, I can
             | certainly imagine a world where the codec infringes upon
             | HEVC just enough that the lawsuit fees would come out in
             | the wash.
        
               | adrian_b wrote:
               | You are right about the danger of non-neutral experts,
               | but there still is an essential difference between a
               | group of experts and a jury.
               | 
               | The experts may be biased, but when they open the mouth
               | and try to argue their position their bias becomes
               | obvious for the other experts and it can be contradicted
               | with logical arguments.
               | 
               | Unless all the experts work for an interested party, it
               | would be very difficult to impose an incorrect verdict,
               | because it is impossible to argue in its favor without
               | the mistakes in the argument being immediately exposed by
               | an interlocutor.
               | 
               | On the other hand, with a standard jury most people will
               | be unable to see what is wrong in the arguments presented
               | to them and they will not be able to distinguish truth
               | from lies in such technical subjects.
               | 
               | The US elections and the elections in many other
               | countries are an eloquent proof of the capacity of
               | average people for distinguishing truth from lies
               | concerning much simpler facts than the details of video
               | compression patents. Expecting a jury to choose the right
               | verdict in such a trial seems too optimistic.
        
             | jorvi wrote:
             | What I don't understand is why the AV1 pool isn't
             | activating their MAD clause.
             | 
             | Part of the idea with AV1 was that with the constituents
             | also holding such a massive warchest of patents (plus big
             | tech being richer than god), they would countersue and
             | demolish anyone that tries to bully AV1 users. Which would
             | act like deterrence.
             | 
             | Where is all that might? Was it all just saber rattling,
             | and are they basically going to let the AVC / HEVC patent
             | holders make a fool out of them?
        
               | adrian_b wrote:
               | For now Dolby has just filed a lawsuit.
               | 
               | If this will reach a trial, it remains to be seen whether
               | Snap will fight alone or it will receive support.
        
           | mananaysiempre wrote:
           | > For example, Apple only recently (2023) added support [for
           | AV1].
           | 
           | Apple has been actively obstructing open video formats for a
           | long long time--Apple is the reason there isn't a baseline
           | format for <video> in the HTML5 spec, for instance. (Or at
           | least there wasn't when the spec was still a well-defined
           | document with a version number; I see no merit in keeping
           | track of the "living" one.) Incidentally, Apple is a member
           | of MPEG-LA and claims to hold numerous patents covering both
           | AVC and HEVC.
           | 
           | At this point, whatever harms befall Apple's users due to
           | lack of Apple's lack of format support are entirely Apple's
           | fault.
        
           | Havoc wrote:
           | >hardware decoding support.
           | 
           | As a side note this isn't always superior - recently
           | discovered my desktop uses way more power with hardware
           | decode than software. Counterintuitive but issue isn't per
           | pixel efficiency but that it keeps the GPU in a higher power
           | state
        
       | mrweasel wrote:
       | That's just trying to promote a competitor. This is more or less
       | what Fraunhofer did with the mp3 license, which resulted in bunch
       | of new, and better formats.
        
       | kmeisthax wrote:
       | This seems particularly desperate, but I'm not surprised this is
       | happening, given that patent owners in general have been very
       | angry that H.264 didn't wind up being nearly as lucrative as
       | MPEG-2 was. Hell, I remember the days when they couldn't even
       | agree if H.264 should have a free streaming tier at all or not -
       | and it seems like that went away.
       | 
       | Maybe Google should finally make good on their threat to only
       | stream YouTube in royalty-free standards.
        
       | falkensmaize wrote:
       | I guess to me this doesn't seem like that big of a deal? I mean
       | if you have a 100 million subscribers, do you really care much
       | about a few $million increase? I thought the big players like
       | Youtube had already moved to open source codecs already anyway.
        
         | charcircuit wrote:
         | >few $million increase?
         | 
         | Existing licensees are grandfathered in to the old price.
        
       | VladVladikoff wrote:
       | I'm confused about this. If I have video on my website that is
       | encoded in x264 am I obligated to pay fees?
        
         | adrian_b wrote:
         | Not if you are in Europe or in any other place where the H.264
         | patents have expired.
         | 
         | The patents are still valid in USA, Brazil and a few other
         | places.
        
           | silotis wrote:
           | *Claimed to still be valid.
           | 
           | If you're just hosting videos on your website you are
           | probably using High Profile which was standardized in March
           | of 2005, i.e. more than 20 years ago. That doesn't stop VIA
           | and MPEG-LA from claiming they still have relevant patents,
           | but that claim is dubious and hasn't been tested in court.
        
             | ndiddy wrote:
             | Note that there's some patents that haven't yet expired, at
             | least in the US. AFAIK this is because if there's delays in
             | patent examination you get extra duration on your patent to
             | compensate. Here's a list of the patents that were filed
             | before High Profile was standardized and are still valid: h
             | ttps://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Have_the_patents_for_H.264_M
             | ...
             | 
             | Of course MPEG-LA deliberately makes figuring out which
             | patents cover which parts of H.264 (which is really a set
             | of multiple standards spanning a 10+ year period) ambiguous
             | and hard to determine in order to sell more licenses.
        
             | themafia wrote:
             | > *Claimed to still be valid.
             | 
             | I can't afford to claim otherwise.
        
         | charcircuit wrote:
         | Only if it is used commercially. If it is a free video you do
         | not have to pay fees.
        
       | jauntywundrkind wrote:
       | They should be sued. It's incredible discriminatory to make it so
       | ridiculously hard for new players to complete.
       | 
       | Hopefully the Licensing Alliance never ever ever gets another
       | customer ever again. Hopefully no one uses any of their new
       | encodings. This is an untrustworthy company, that always have
       | been out to fleece the industry and hold back humanity. Licensing
       | Alliance embodies Lawful Evil, is a stain on the patent system as
       | a whole. It's hard to find the words for how awful, how enraging
       | this cabal is. Ugh. What an evil drain.
       | 
       | We should be able to use computers for audio and video, and it
       | shouldnt involve kings ransoms to some jerks who are better at
       | paperwork & lawyering.
       | 
       | All that work on av1 and av2 looking more and more civilization
       | ally essential as times goes on.
        
       | ronsor wrote:
       | My advice (not a lawyer) is to ignore the licensing fees; the
       | patents will all be dead by 2027 anyway.
       | 
       | Also I'm not responsible for whatever happens if you do this.
        
       | Noaidi wrote:
       | So should I re-encode all my videos to OGG? I'm really confused
       | what this means for the average person who has home videos
       | encoded in these formats.
        
         | embedding-shape wrote:
         | Unless you're running a platform with millions of users, where
         | you use the codec to encode/decode video for others, you have
         | absolutely nothing to worry about due to these news.
        
           | Noaidi wrote:
           | Thank you!
        
         | nuxi wrote:
         | Note that OGG is not a video codec, it's just a container
         | format. I.e. an OGG file can contain MPEG-4/H.264-encoded
         | video.
        
       | KronisLV wrote:
       | That's an insane amount.
       | 
       | That makes me feel even more strongly about throwing proprietary
       | and predatory codecs in the trash and opting to use AV1 et al
       | wherever possible, it's better anyways and surely close to a
       | decade after coming out, we'd expect devices to support it well
       | enough.
        
         | Figs wrote:
         | > it's better anyways and surely close to a decade after coming
         | out, we'd expect devices to support it well enough.
         | 
         | A lot of people, myself included, are still using quite old
         | hardware. The GPU in my daily driver is ~10 years old at this
         | point. Between crypto, COVID, and this AI craze raising GPU
         | costs by insane amounts, it hasn't made sense to replace it
         | with something newer. I _know_ I 'm not alone on that...
        
           | craftkiller wrote:
           | For legacy devices, VP8/VP9 is a good option. Intel Added VP8
           | hardware decoding to Broadwell which was 12 years ago. Nvidia
           | had hardware VP9 decoding 10 years ago on the Geforce 10
           | series. AMD had hardware VP9 decode support 9 years ago on
           | the Radeon 400 series.
        
         | nine_k wrote:
         | Insane in absolute terms, but not per user. Take look at the
         | actual fee schedule [1]. The most costly is the license for
         | cable TV, which costs 50C/ _per year_ per subscriber. The least
         | costly is social media, which goes up to whopping 4.5C/ per MAU
         | per user.
         | 
         | I very much understand how the licensing alliance likely was
         | bothered by the fact that they are leaving money on the table,
         | when TikTok's revenue per user is $50 a year, and a cable
         | subscription is easily $800 per year, with the high-end
         | reaching $2000. The big players aren't going to notice much.
         | For the small players, nothing changed.
         | 
         | [1]:
         | https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/3wzYaofEETCfXdQmREx9BK-120...
        
           | adriand wrote:
           | Is it insane at all? The biggest fees are charged to the
           | biggest providers. With short form video now the dominant
           | form of addictive social media content, it doesn't seem
           | insane at all that large media companies ought to compensate
           | inventors/owners of patented video technology. A company with
           | 100 million or more subscribers is not a company I feel a lot
           | of empathy for if they're trying to avoid paying licensing
           | fees.
        
             | sheepscreek wrote:
             | It goes to $2.5m for 5 million users/subscribers and tops
             | out at $4.5m for 100 million subscribers. It's not
             | staggered evenly at all IMO. So I worry mainly for the
             | small players. This shouldn't have any meaningful effect on
             | any big player.
        
         | dmitrygr wrote:
         | AV1 might not be as patent-free as we had hoped:
         | https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2026/03/av1s-open-royalty-fr...
        
         | Veliladon wrote:
         | The problem is that open codecs can still be encumbered by
         | patents and the holders will sue. VP9 and AV1 have their own
         | patent pool for that very reason. Google may have open sourced
         | its codecs but if they don't indemnify users people who think
         | they're safe might be in for a bad time.
        
           | m-p-3 wrote:
           | Looks like that isn't stopping Dolby.
           | 
           | https://www.techspot.com/news/111865-dolby-sues-snap-over-
           | vi...
        
             | ronsor wrote:
             | I'd love it that the penalty for losing these lawsuits
             | would be, that if the patent doesn't apply, you lose the
             | patent anyway as punishment for wasting everyone's time and
             | money.
             | 
             | Then there would only be infringement lawsuits when someone
             | is 100% certain.
        
       | cs702 wrote:
       | Profit-seeking at society's expense.
       | 
       | Also known as rent-seeking: "The act of growing one's existing
       | wealth by manipulating public policy or economic conditions
       | without creating new wealth. Rent-seeking activities have
       | negative effects on the rest of society. They result in reduced
       | economic efficiency through misallocation of resources, stifled
       | competition, reduced wealth creation, lost government revenue,
       | heightened income inequality, heightened debt levels, risk of
       | growing corruption and cronyism, decreased public trust in
       | institutions, and potential national decline."[a]
       | 
       | Sigh.
       | 
       | ---
       | 
       | [a] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rent-seeking
        
       | userbinator wrote:
       | Trying to milk the last drop before the patents expire? H.264
       | patents have already expired in most of the world and the
       | remaining ones, which might not even be necessary for the vast
       | majority of H.264 use, are also approaching expiry very soon:
       | 
       | https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Have_the_patents_for_H.264_M...
        
         | donatj wrote:
         | It's interesting because this isn't that exactly the same thing
         | Fraunhofer did with the MP3 patent?
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | Communication formats should not be patentable. The potential for
       | lock in abuse is too high.
        
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