[HN Gopher] Decisions that eroded trust in Azure - by a former A...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Decisions that eroded trust in Azure - by a former Azure Core
       engineer
        
       Author : axelriet
       Score  : 1160 points
       Date   : 2026-04-02 16:00 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (isolveproblems.substack.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (isolveproblems.substack.com)
        
       | axelriet wrote:
       | A former Azure Core engineer's 6-part account of the technical
       | and leadership decisions that eroded trust in Azure.
        
         | AceJohnny2 wrote:
         | I downvoted this comment for sounding like a summarizing LLM,
         | not adding anything substantial beyond the title of the post,
         | before realizing you were the poster and author.
        
           | axelriet wrote:
           | I didn't know that "subtitle" would appear as first comment.
        
             | dijksterhuis wrote:
             | huh, i didn't realise that's what that does either
        
         | ninininino wrote:
         | What's your assessment of AWS and GCP? Do you think it's likely
         | they suffer from some of the same issues (eg the manual access
         | of what should be highly secure, private systems, the
         | instability, the lack of security)?
        
           | rybosome wrote:
           | As a former GCP engineer, no, the systems are not generally
           | unstable or insecure.
           | 
           | There is definitely manual access of data - it requires what
           | was termed "break glass" similar to the JIT mechanism
           | described by the author. However, it wasn't quite so loose;
           | there were eventually a lot of restrictions on who could
           | approve what, what access you got after approval, and how
           | that was audited.
           | 
           | It was difficult to get into the highest sensitivity data;
           | humans reviewed your request and would reject it without a
           | clear reason. And you could be 100% sure humans would review
           | your session afterwards to look for bad behavior.
           | 
           | I once had to compile a large list of IP addresses that
           | accessed a particular piece of data to fulfill a court order.
           | It took me days of effort to get and maintain the elevated
           | access necessary to do this.
           | 
           | I have a lot of respect for GCP as an engineering artifact,
           | but a significantly less rosy opinion of GCP as an
           | organization and bureaucratic entity. The amount of wasted
           | effort expended on engaging with and navigating the
           | bureaucracy is truly mind-boggling, and is the reason why a
           | tiny feature that took a day to code could take months to
           | release.
        
             | Terretta wrote:
             | Insecure is a curious word as it entangles with what is or
             | isn't known, more than informs about design.
             | 
             | A different way to put it is GCP architecture has made
             | different tradeoffs. For example favoring operability over
             | confidentiality*, or scalability over integrity.
             | 
             | This makes sense from its mono-tenant engineering origins.
             | Those were the right calls. Google exported SRE not SecEng.
             | 
             | Frankly, for most cloud customers, it's what they need.
             | 
             | ---
             | 
             | * _Take this break glass process. It arguably shouldn 't be
             | possible. If clients need their CSP to be "NSL proof",
             | unable to leak corporate info responding to a national
             | security letter (or any less obligatory rationale) without
             | the corporation knowing, GCP is not their cloud. CSPs
             | mostly consider it more difficult than it's worth to design
             | a cloud offering that can be proven unable to provide a
             | client's data. On the contrary, customers yell if CSP can't
             | restore lost data, like Apple users yell if Apple can't
             | restore iCloud. iCloud Advanced Security is what happens
             | when you build clients the choice -- witness the warnings._
             | 
             |  _Support drives design choices, not security._
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | Why do you speak about yourself in the third person?
         | 
         | Also, after this:
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20341022
         | 
         | You continued to work at Microsoft and now there is this
         | takedown?
         | 
         | I'm no friend of MS (to put it very mildly) but it seems to me
         | your story is a bit inconsistent as well as the 7 year break
         | between postings.
        
           | netruk44 wrote:
           | > Why do you speak about yourself in the third person?
           | 
           | When you submit a link to HN, there is an entry field for
           | text in addition to the url.
           | 
           | It does not really describe what the text is used for. For
           | links, the content of that field is simply added as the first
           | comment.
           | 
           | Someone who is unfamiliar with the submission process may
           | assume this field should describe what they are submitting,
           | and not format it like a comment.
           | 
           | Then that text gets posted as the first comment and tons of
           | people downvote it, jumping to the conclusion that the weird
           | summary comment is from an AI, and not the submitter
           | describing their own submission.
           | 
           | (I also assumed these comments were AI until someone else
           | pointed this out)
        
             | axelriet wrote:
             | Could not have said it better myself. Thanks.
        
             | dnw wrote:
             | AH! Thanks, that's useful context!
        
           | axelriet wrote:
           | The comment comes from the input field on the post form. Not
           | clear it would show up as a comment. The old thread you refer
           | to had little to do with Microsoft per se. Let me known if I
           | can help with the inconsistencies you mention?
        
       | pRusya wrote:
       | It's a nice read. Thank you for sharing this.
       | 
       | > Microsoft, meanwhile, conducted major layoffs--approximately
       | 15,000 roles across waves in May and July 2025 --most likely to
       | compensate for the immediate losses to CoreWeave ahead of the
       | next earnings calls.
       | 
       | This is what people should know when seeing massive layoffs due
       | to AI.
        
         | maxwg wrote:
         | I honestly thought this was one of the weaker points of the
         | article.
         | 
         | The OpenAI deal almost certainly related purely to GPU
         | capacity, which had little to do with the article. The layoffs
         | would have happened regardless.
         | 
         | IMO - churn, and generalization is the root cause. Engineers
         | are thrown on projects for a year with little prior experience,
         | leave others to pickup the pieces, etc. There's no longer a
         | sense of ownership, and I'm sure the recent wave of layoffs
         | isn't helping with this.
        
           | axelriet wrote:
           | GPUs is something that can be fixed simply by throwing money
           | at it.
        
           | GandalfHN wrote:
           | Dead ownership gets you paralysis, engineers dodge ugly fixes
           | and wait for the next random reorg to dump teh mess on
           | someone else.
        
       | Bjartr wrote:
       | What a fascinating view into how the sausage is made
        
       | nope1000 wrote:
       | > The direct corollary is that any successful compromise of the
       | host can give an attacker access to the complete memory of every
       | VM running on that node. Keeping the host secure is therefore
       | critical.
       | 
       | > In that context, hosting a web service that is directly
       | reachable from any guest VM and running it on the secure host
       | side created a significantly larger attack surface than I
       | expected.
       | 
       | That is quite scary
        
         | xorcist wrote:
         | Scary is the understatement of the day. I can't imagine the
         | environment where someone think that architecture is a good
         | idea.
        
           | axelriet wrote:
           | And yet, there we are.
        
         | jldugger wrote:
         | Like, what did the OP expect?
        
         | dh2022 wrote:
         | This is well documented: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-
         | us/azure/virtual-machines/ins...
         | 
         | Why would an Azure customer need to query this service at all?
         | I was not aware this service even exists- because I never
         | needed anything like it. AFAI can tell, this service tells
         | services running on the VM what SKU the VM is. But how is this
         | useful to the service? Any Azure users could tell how they use
         | IMDS? Thanks!
        
           | lokar wrote:
           | To have a new vm configure itself at boot
        
           | jimbobimbo wrote:
           | Managed identity is enabled via that endpoint, for example.
        
           | deathanatos wrote:
           | > _Why would an Azure customer need to query this service at
           | all? I was not aware this service even exists- because I
           | never needed anything like it._
           | 
           | The "metadata service" is hardly unique to Azure (both GCP &
           | AWS have an equivalent), and it is what you would query to
           | get API credentials to Azure (/GCP/AWS) service APIs. You can
           | assign a service account2 to the VM1, and the code running
           | there can just auto-obtain short-lived credentials, without
           | you ever having to manage any sort of key material (i.e.,
           | there is no bearer token / secret access key / RSA key / etc.
           | that you manage).
           | 
           | I.e., easy, automatic access to whatever other Azure services
           | the workload running on that VM requires.
           | 
           | 1and in the case of GCP, even to a Pod in GKE, and the
           | metadata service is aware of that; for all I know AKS/EKS
           | support this too
           | 
           | 2I am using this term generically; each cloud provider calls
           | service accounts something different.
        
           | jmogly wrote:
           | Mainly for getting managed-identity access tokens for Azure
           | APIs. In AWS you can call it to get temporary credentials for
           | the EC2's attached IAM role. In both cases - you use IMDS to
           | get tokens/creds for identity/access management.
           | 
           | Client libraries usually abstract away the need to call IMDS
           | directly by calling it for you.
        
             | dh2022 wrote:
             | Thank you, and everyone else who responded. So then this
             | type of service seems to be used by other cloud providers
             | (AWS). What makes this Azure service so much more insecure
             | than its AWS equivalent?
             | 
             | Thanks again!
             | 
             | [edited phrasing]
        
               | guardiangod wrote:
               | Having it running on host (!), and the metadata for all
               | guest VMs stored and managed by the same memory/service
               | (!!), with no clear security boundary (!!!).
               | 
               | It's like storing all your nuke launch codes in the same
               | vault, right in the middle of Washington DC national
               | mall. Things are okay, until they are not okay.
        
               | axelriet wrote:
               | Lovely explanation :)
        
           | axelriet wrote:
           | There is a bunch of things a VM needs when first starting
           | from a standard image. Think certificates and a few other
           | things.
        
           | h6d_100c wrote:
           | What happens when someone asks an AI model to fuzz test
           | that...
        
           | Arbortheus wrote:
           | I use GCP, but it also has the idea of a metadata server.
           | When you use a Google Cloud library in your server code like
           | PubSub or Firestore or GCS or BigQuery, it is automatically
           | authenticated as the service account you assigned to that VM
           | (or K8S deployment).
           | 
           | This is because the metadata server provides an access token
           | for the service account you assigned. Internally, those
           | client libraries automatically retrieve the access token and
           | therefore auth to those services.
        
           | hydroxyethane wrote:
           | We run a significant amount of stuff on spot-instances (AKS
           | nodes) and use the service detect, monitor and gracefully
           | handle the imminent shutdown on the Kubernetes side.
           | 
           | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-
           | machines/lin...
        
         | rawgabbit wrote:
         | Instead of zero trust, it is 110% trust.
        
         | jmogly wrote:
         | It is kind of a fundamental risk of IMDS, the guest vms often
         | need some metadata about themselves, the host has it. A
         | hardened, network gapped service running host side is
         | acceptable, possibly the best solution. I think the issue is if
         | your IMDS is fat and vulnerable, which this article kind of
         | alludes to.
         | 
         | There's also the fact that azure's implementation doesn't
         | require auth so it's very vulnerable to SSRF
        
           | axelriet wrote:
           | You could imagine hosting the metadata service somewhere
           | else. After all there is nothing a node knows about a VM that
           | the fabric doesn't. And things like certificates comes from
           | somewhere anyway, they are not on the node so that service is
           | just cache.
        
             | jmogly wrote:
             | Ah yes great point, awesome article by the way --- thought
             | provoking, shocking, really crazy stuff. Hopefully some
             | good comes of it, godspeed.
        
             | cyberax wrote:
             | Hosting IMDS on the host side is pretty much the only
             | reasonable way to provide stability guarantees. It should
             | still work even if the network is having issues.
             | 
             | That being said, IMDS on AWS is a dead simple key-value
             | storage. A competent developer should be able to write it
             | in a memory-safe language in a way that can't be easily
             | exploited.
        
               | axelriet wrote:
               | "No, there is another"--Yoda, The Empire Strikes Back :)
               | 
               | What you describe carries the risk that secrets end up in
               | crash dumps and be exfiltrated.
               | 
               | Imagine an attacker owns the host to some extent and can
               | do that. The data is then on disk first, then stored
               | somewhere else.
               | 
               | You probably need per-tenant/per-VM encryption in your
               | cache, since you can never protect against someone with
               | elevated privileges from crashing or dumping your
               | process, memory-safe or not.
               | 
               | Then someone can try to DoS you, etc.
               | 
               | Finally it's not good practice to mix tenant's secrets in
               | hostile multi-tenancy environments, so you probably need
               | a cache per VM in separate processes...
               | 
               | IMHO, an alternative is to keep the VM's private data
               | inside the VMs, not on the host.
               | 
               | Then the real wtf is the unsecured HTTP endpoint, an open
               | invitation for "explorations" of the host (or the SoC
               | when they get there) on Azure.
               | 
               | eBPF+signing agent helps legitimate requests but does
               | nothing against attacks on the server itself; say, you
               | send broken requests hoping to hit a bug. It does not
               | matter if they are signed or not.
               | 
               | This is a path to own the host, an unnecessary risk with
               | too many moving parts.
               | 
               | Many VM escapes abuse a device driver, and I trust the
               | kernel guys who write them a lot more than the people who
               | write hostable web servers running inproc on the host.
               | 
               | Removing these was a subject of intense discussions (and
               | pushbacks from the owning teams) but without leaking any
               | secret I can tell you that a lot of people didn't like
               | the idea of a customer-facing web server on the nodes.
        
               | cyberax wrote:
               | Of course, putting the metadata service into its own
               | separate system is better. That's how Amazon does it with
               | the modern AWS. A separate Nitro card handles all the
               | networking and management.
               | 
               | But if you're within the classic hypervisor model, then
               | it doesn't really matter that much. The attack surface of
               | a simple plain HTTP key-value storage is negligible
               | compared to all other privileged code that needs to run
               | on the host.
               | 
               | Sure, each tenant needs to have its own instance of the
               | metadata service, and it should be bound to listen on the
               | tenant-specific interface. AWS also used to set the max
               | TTL on these interface to 1, so the packets would be
               | dropped by routers.
        
       | schlauerfox wrote:
       | "For fiscal 2025, Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella earned total pay of
       | $96.5 million, up 22% from a year earlier." -CNBC.com
       | 
       | and
       | 
       | "I also see I have 2 instances of Outlook, and neither of those
       | are working." -Artemis II astronaut
        
         | tantalor wrote:
         | > 2 instances of Outlook
         | 
         | That's 2 too many.
        
           | bigbuppo wrote:
           | They should have used the third outlook they didn't know
           | about... Outlook, Outlook (new), and the well-hidden Outlook
           | (classic) that actually works.
        
             | cyanydeez wrote:
             | That outlook was part of the ablative outlook armor thats
             | suppose to burn off on reentry
        
               | cebert wrote:
               | Do you have a source for that? I don't see what impact
               | consumer email software would have with the composition
               | of the heat shield.
        
               | anonymars wrote:
               | I believe this one would fall under "incongruity theory"
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theories_of_humor#Incongrui
               | ty_...
        
               | john_strinlai wrote:
               | its a joke, no sources required
        
               | esafak wrote:
               | He's saying it's bulky junk that's best torched.
        
             | NortySpock wrote:
             | Well "Outlook (new)" finally stopped OOM-ing on my very
             | normal-sized inbox, so I went back to using it over Outlook
             | Classic... Can't say I notice a difference much these days.
             | 
             | (Not a residential inbox, the "I work in IT" sized inbox
             | with all the email alerts about jobs failing...)
        
             | greatquux wrote:
             | "Classic" was never very stable to begin with, and seems to
             | be getting less stable every monthly patch cycle. Decades-
             | old problems remain unfixed, and "new" Outlook still
             | doesn't have all the features of the old one (or
             | compatibility with in-house programs that use MAPI
             | integration, or COM add-ins). "Classic" must have been such
             | a spaghetti-fied mess that they thought they couldn't
             | actually fix it at all and needed to replace it. But I'm
             | not sure that's really the solution... is it ever?
        
         | pas wrote:
         | https://bsky.app/profile/did:plc:jzhiqz7fb5dj6h7cydluryvn/po...
         | 
         | for anyone else who hasn't seen it
        
         | jodrellblank wrote:
         | Microsoft's annual revenue ($245Bn) is 2.5x Tesla ($95Bn), and
         | Musk was angling for a trillion dollar compensation package.
         | 
         | Artemis II astronaut was piloting a spaceship not a Tesla.
         | 
         | Makes you think.
        
         | CobrastanJorji wrote:
         | Nadella gets the money for getting Outlook onto the ship.
         | Having it actually work would have been a bonus, sure, but it's
         | not the goal.
        
       | gnabgib wrote:
       | Title: _How Microsoft Vaporized a Trillion Dollars_
        
         | axelriet wrote:
         | As an investor, this is exact how I feel. Everything was
         | skyrocketing until OpenAI "diversified" mid-2025. The company's
         | market value has dropped more than 1 trillion since late
         | October 1025, so the title is factual. You can rightfully argue
         | and be skeptical about the link I make, but not about the
         | numbers :)
        
           | axelriet wrote:
           | OK, *2025
        
       | vintagedave wrote:
       | What are we reading here? These are extraordinary statements.
       | Also with apparent credibility. They sound reasonable. Is this a
       | whistleblower or an ex employee with a grudge? The appearance is
       | the first. Is it? They've put their name to some clear and
       | worrying statements.
       | 
       | > _On January 7, 2025... I sent a more concise executive summary
       | to the CEO. ... When those communications produced no
       | acknowledgment, I took the customary step of writing to the Board
       | through the corporate secretary._
       | 
       | Why is that customary? I have not come across it, and though I
       | have seen situations of some concern in the past, I previously
       | had little experience with US corporate norms. What is normal
       | here for such a level of concern?
       | 
       | More, why is this public not a court case for wrongful
       | termination?
       | 
       | Is Azure really this unreliable? There are concrete numbers in
       | this blog. For those who use Azure, does it match your external
       | experience?
        
         | bigbuppo wrote:
         | The CEO is accountable to the board. If they are derelict in
         | their obligations to the company, that's where you need to
         | raise a stink so they can fix it.
        
           | ohyoutravel wrote:
           | Well, yeah, that's what a board does, but I think the issue
           | is whether it is customary to go to the board directly in
           | this situation. The answer is a resounding NO. Very odd, but
           | cool idea and approach.
        
             | ryandrake wrote:
             | Maybe naive, but why not? If it's a serious enough issue,
             | and you're not getting anywhere through your management
             | chain all the way up to the CEO, why is it novel to contact
             | the people the CEO reports to? They're not royalty, they're
             | other human beings who also eat, piss and fart like
             | everyone else.
        
               | refulgentis wrote:
               | Before 6 years of Google I'd co-sign what you said, but
               | it never ever plays out that way.
               | 
               | The law of the jungle is an iron law, make people around
               | you feel bad, be a tattletale, and you're choosing to be
               | ostracized.
               | 
               | That said yr interlocutor disturbs me a bit because yes,
               | they certainly will make it out to be a mental health
               | episode. But the implicit deal there is "STFU. You can
               | even take paid health leave." It's not healthy either.
               | BigCo is insane I'll never work for one again without
               | outrageous comp.
               | 
               | You'd be stunned by even the simplest story. Ex. a year
               | in some crazy shit was going down and my manager asked
               | for my thoughts on a topic, I was honest and basically
               | said "I don't think it's a good idea, but in my
               | experience, raising issues involving people only raises
               | more issues." He swore up and down it wouldn't be a
               | problem, eventually made a deal I could email it to him
               | privately. Next 1:1 with my area lead was horrible, them
               | seeing red, hearing a mistranslated version of what I
               | said, and I had 0 warning.
        
               | _zoltan_ wrote:
               | I guess you're in the US?
               | 
               | In Europe I speak up all the time, even to people who are
               | not in Europe.
               | 
               | (Usual disclaimed that this is my opinion.)
        
               | refulgentis wrote:
               | I loved working with Zurich
        
         | ZeroCool2u wrote:
         | In my experience Azure is full of consistency issues and race
         | conditions. It's enough of an issue that I was talking about
         | new OpenAI models becoming available via Bedrock on AWS and how
         | convenient that was since I wouldn't have to deal with Azure
         | and my colleague in enterprise architecture went on an
         | unprompted rant about these exact issues. It's not the first
         | time something like this has happened and I've experienced
         | these issues first hand, so yes. I'd say reliability is a
         | critical issue for Azure and it hasn't gotten better each time
         | I've gone back to check.
        
         | zipy124 wrote:
         | Yes it is that unreliable. Even when given free credits, I
         | would rather pay for the offerings from Amazon/Google.
        
         | lokar wrote:
         | He is, I think, Swiss, perhaps a cultural difference?
        
           | axelriet wrote:
           | We like things well done, but also integrity and
           | accountability.
        
             | ninjagoo wrote:
             | >> He is, I think, Swiss, perhaps a cultural difference?
             | 
             | > We like things well done, but also integrity and
             | accountability.
             | 
             | Unless they involve secret bank accounts [1], refugees [2],
             | and/or nazis [3] :-)
             | 
             | All props to you, though, for speaking out. This is going
             | to help a lot of folks understand why things are going the
             | way they are with Azure, and MS.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.theguardian.com/news/2022/feb/22/how-swiss-
             | banki...
             | 
             | [2] though in fairness, it appears to be changing, but we
             | shall see. https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/culture/how-
             | switzerland-s-views...
             | 
             | [3] https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/dec/11/1
        
         | pRusya wrote:
         | Azure is when you have a different version of the same
         | product/api in each region.
        
         | rando1234 wrote:
         | I recall seeing some pretty damning reports from a security
         | pentester that was able to escape from a container on Azure and
         | found the management controller for the service was years old
         | with known critical unpatched vulnerabilities. Always been a
         | bit sceptical of them since then
        
           | twisteriffic wrote:
           | A decent portion of Azure Web Apps internals hasn't moved
           | past .net core 2.3
        
         | convexly wrote:
         | Large orgs make decisions that prioritize short-term metrics
         | over long-term quality all the time and nobody tracks whether
         | those tradeoffs actually paid off. The decision to ship fast
         | and fix later sounds reasonable in a meeting setting until
         | articles like this surface and the reality comes through
         | clearly.
        
           | egorfine wrote:
           | > sounds reasonable in a meeting setting until articles like
           | this surface
           | 
           | No. It sounds reasonable past that. Because shipping features
           | will make shareholders happy while an article like this will
           | change nothing.
        
         | chasd00 wrote:
         | Yeah I thought that was extreme. An engineer going to the board
         | of any corporation let alone Microsoft is not normal or
         | customary IME. That could explain why they got no response.
        
           | axelriet wrote:
           | Not on day one. Imagine it took two years to get there.
        
           | jtbayly wrote:
           | When you see significant risks to the org and its value, and
           | they go completely unaddressed by management, the board is
           | the final step before going to the public. It is the
           | _board's_ duty to the public owners to make sure management
           | isn't driving the company into the ground.
           | 
           | It would be interesting to see this raised in the next
           | shareholders meeting as a question of whether the board and
           | exec team are actually competent and doing their work.
           | 
           | A man can dream anyway. When there is this much money on the
           | line, sometimes people actually get held somewhat
           | accountable.
        
           | everdrive wrote:
           | It's a baffling flaw in human nature. The board should have
           | cared about these issues, but in practice communications to
           | and from the board are tightly controlled, and communications
           | outside of those constraints are discarded.
           | 
           | This occurs whether or not it makes sense. Machiavelli
           | actually warns about the specifically: if someone else
           | controls access to you and communication with you, they have
           | real leverage over you.
        
         | bumblehean wrote:
         | >Is Azure really this unreliable? There are concrete numbers in
         | this blog. For those who use Azure, does it match your external
         | experience?
         | 
         | IME, yes.
         | 
         | I'm currently working as an SRE supporting a large environment
         | across AWS, Azure, and GCP. In terms of issues or incidents we
         | deal with that are directly caused by cloud provider problems,
         | I'd estimate that 80-90% come from Azure. And we're _really_
         | not doing anything that complicated in terms of cloud
         | infrastructure; just VMs, load balancers, some blob storage,
         | some k8s clusters.
         | 
         | Stuff on Azure just breaks constantly, and when it does break
         | it's very obvious that Azure:
         | 
         | 1. Does not know when they're having problems (it can take
         | weeks/months for Azure to admit they had an outage that
         | impacted us)
         | 
         | 2. Does not know why they had problems (RCAs we're given are
         | basically just "something broke")
         | 
         | 3. Does not care that they had problems
         | 
         | Everyone I work with who interacts with Azure at all absolutely
         | loathes it.
        
           | chris_money202 wrote:
           | But doesn't this experience contradict what OP is saying in a
           | way. If azure is always breaking wouldn't that imply that
           | changes like "adding smart pointers" are being introduced
           | into the codebase?
        
             | andyg_blog wrote:
             | I don't think it contradicts the OP. OP says the system is
             | unreliable. Memory leaks that lead to out of memory
             | failures for example. Smart pointers would stabilize
             | things. (Also note that OP says their smart pointers PR was
             | rejected).
        
               | chris_money202 wrote:
               | That's a generalized statement. Smart pointers can
               | stabilize things, if used wrongly they can cause just as
               | many issues. Sprinkling in smart pointers such that there
               | is now mixed use with smart and raw pointers can cause
               | double frees, and huge maintenance issues. So, creating a
               | single PR to introduce smart pointers in my opinion is
               | not necessarily "stability". He should have created an
               | architecture plan and got upstream and downstream
               | aligned.
        
               | andyg_blog wrote:
               | Completely agree on alignment. Without it, it's a
               | shortcut to rejection. I actually wrote a lot about this
               | in a blog post I called "Minimum Reviewable Unit"
               | https://gieseanw.wordpress.com/2025/03/21/minimum-
               | reviewable...
        
         | VladVladikoff wrote:
         | I am sort of confused how NDA and such agreements employees
         | sign would allow for an employee to post such an article
         | without being sued by Microsoft?
        
           | axelriet wrote:
           | Interesting point. Time will tell.
        
           | justinclift wrote:
           | If they can swing it as legit whistleblowing somehow, they
           | _might_ be ok.
        
           | rk06 wrote:
           | Most likely, the author was let go in mass layoff, and they
           | forgot about NDA.
        
             | decimalenough wrote:
             | NDAs are usually signed when you join the company, not
             | leave it.
             | 
             | Signing a non-disparagement agreement is often a condition
             | for receiving severance, although I'm not sure what MSFT's
             | policy on this is.
        
           | HighGoldstein wrote:
           | Wild guess, touching this with a 10-foot pole risks
           | validating his claims. If they sue for breach of NDA, it
           | means his claims are factually correct, and if they sue for
           | libel and it goes to court, they may be forced to submit
           | documents they don't want to.
        
         | cjbgkagh wrote:
         | As a former MSFTy it does sound weird to me too. I didn't see
         | what Axels level was but a lot of people work for Microsoft and
         | not many of them can expect to email the CEO and get a
         | response. It seems a bit like a crash out, not the first I've
         | seen levied at Azure, won't be the last. They probably think
         | it's a mental health episode, if you're an important CEO crazy
         | people will email you all the time and the staff probably
         | filter them out before they see it. Also this is a lot of
         | internal gossip, I would be worried that airing this publicly
         | would impinge on future career opportunities, even healthy orgs
         | would appreciate some discretion.
         | 
         | I'm sure everything he said is completely true, Azure is one of
         | the few tech stacks I refuse to work with and the predominant
         | reason I left.
         | 
         | If you've joined an org and nothing works the reason is usually
         | that the org is dysfunctional and there is often very little
         | you can do about it, and you're probably not the first person
         | who's tried and failed at it.
        
           | tinco wrote:
           | Never worked at a FAANG, but from what I read from their
           | cultures I don't think a letter to the CEO from a senior
           | engineer would go entirely unnoticed there. CEO's might
           | receive crazy letters, but hopefully not regularly from their
           | senior engineering staff..
        
             | cjbgkagh wrote:
             | Microsoft has a large PR department to put out such false
             | impressions. The culture has changed, AFAIK you used to be
             | able to email Bill Gates and be fairly confident he would
             | read it, but you better be sure it was worth reading or he
             | would fire you. Now they're unlikely to fire you but
             | they're unlikely to read it either.
             | 
             | Senior leadership seems to be more far sequestered now, a
             | bit like Trump, surrounded by lackeys giving them an
             | entirely false impression of the world. That's how they
             | could legitimately believe they were going to bury the
             | IPhone.
        
             | gigel82 wrote:
             | A "Senior Software Engineer" at Microsoft is someone with a
             | pulse and 3 years of experience (due to title inflation);
             | so despite the "senior" in the title definitely not "senior
             | engineering staff".
        
             | dathinab wrote:
             | putting aside that MS is too huge to even just know about
             | the names of your senior engineers across the globe and
             | that the mail might have gone directly to spam
             | 
             | there is still the issue that this might have been
             | classified as "a crazy letter"
             | 
             | a lot of the article reminds me of people which might (or
             | might not) have competency but insists they know better and
             | are very stubborn and very bad and compromising on
             | solutions. The subtext of the articles is not that far afar
             | from "everyone does everything wrong, I know better, but no
             | one listens to me". If you frame it like that it very much
             | sounds like a "crazy" letter.
             | 
             | Strictly speaking it reminds me a lot about how Pirate
             | Software spoke about various EA related topics. (Context:
             | Pirate Software was a streamer and confidence man who got
             | complemented up due to family connections and "confidently
             | knew" everything better while having little skill or
             | contributions and didn't know when to stop having a
             | "confidently bad" opinion. Kinda sad ending given that he
             | did motivate people to peruse their dream in game design
             | and engage themself for animal protection.).
             | 
             | Or how I did do so in the past. Appearing very confident in
             | your know-how ironically isn't always good.
             | 
             | And in case it's not clear: The writing reminding me of it
             | and having patters of someone trying to create a maximally
             | believable writing to make MS look bad doesn't mean that he
             | behaves like that or that the writing is intended to be
             | seen that way.
             | 
             | It's more about how we have a lot of "information" which
             | all look very believable, but in the end miss means to
             | both: Verify many of the named "facts". And, more
             | importantly, judge the sentiment/implicit conveyed
             | information.
             | 
             | Especially if we just take the mentioned "facts" without
             | the implicit messages and ignore the him<->management
             | communication issues I would guess a lot of that is true.
        
           | jjkaczor wrote:
           | While Microsoft is hierarchical - but it did encourage
           | reaching out in a "flat" manner internally.
           | 
           | In my experience - a loooong time ago ago now - executive
           | leadership would participate in high-level
           | escalations/critsits for large/key customers on calls. I was
           | just a lowly field-engineer - but over the course of nearly
           | 4-years, was on calls about 5 times with some of the big-
           | names from that era that everyone knows about... And they
           | seemed to emit enough empathy with the specific customer
           | situation to move things forward.
           | 
           | However - being on the "other-side-of-the-fence" (i.e.
           | external, consulting with Microsoft customers - some of them
           | who even spend $1.5billion/year in M365/Azure licensing) and
           | assisting clients with issues and remediations for the last
           | 10-years, things are no longer the same. No amount of
           | escalation gets further than occasionally reaching some level
           | of the product team - and it can take 8-12 months before that
           | even occurs. Troubleshooting and deep-engineering support
           | skills for cloud customers are typically non-existent, and
           | the assigned resources seem to just wait until the issue
           | resolves itself...
        
           | kev009 wrote:
           | I like how caring about fiduciary responsibility is a mental
           | health episode or personality disorder to enough people in
           | the comments. Simply being employed gives you a vested
           | interest in keeping an operation above board and healthy. If
           | you have a stock plan, you have equal rights to comment on
           | issues as some low IQ private equity chief that does an end
           | run to manipulate a company for their own benefit. The cattle
           | psychology of most IT workers and mid level managers never
           | ceases to amaze me.
        
             | cjbgkagh wrote:
             | It is emblematic of a crash out, I've seen a lot of them,
             | and I've thought about doing it myself. I understand the
             | impulse first hand. I did quit over my misgivings but I did
             | not write a blog post about it, that would have been a
             | career ended for me. I am expected to keep secrets as part
             | of my job.
             | 
             | I work for myself now, for less money, but I do get to
             | build things to the quality level that I want.
        
               | kev009 wrote:
               | Sure, it is a "crash out" in the sense that you have an
               | infinitesimal chance of changing things unless the
               | founder is still involved because the situation didn't
               | happen in a vacuum. And yep, you are narrowing your path
               | significantly... sycophants have no tolerance for
               | hardliners. But the mental heath episode is the opposite,
               | to keep reporting for duty once you know something is
               | deleterious. A lot of white collar people are on
               | psychotropic drugs or otherwise self-medicate with
               | alcohol and addictions and it's not difficult to diagnose
               | why. Congrats on going your own way.
        
         | com2kid wrote:
         | > What are we reading here? These are extraordinary statements.
         | Also with apparent credibility.
         | 
         | I left Microsoft in 2014. Already back then I could see this
         | sort of stuff starting to happen.
         | 
         | The Office Org was mostly immune from it because they had a lot
         | of lifers, people who had been working on the same code for
         | decades and who thought through changes slowly.
         | 
         | But even by 2014 there were problems hiring developers who knew
         | C++, or who wanted to learn it. COM? No way. One one team we
         | literally had to draw straws once to determine who was going to
         | learn how to write native code for Windows.
         | 
         | It wasn't even a talent thing, Windows development skills are a
         | career dead end outside of Microsoft. They used to be a hot
         | commodity, and Microsoft was able to hire the best of the best
         | from industry. Now they have to train people up, and Microsoft
         | doesn't offer any of the employment perks that they used to use
         | to attract top talent (Seattle used to be a low CoL area,
         | everyone had private offices, job stability).
         | 
         | When I started at Microsoft in 2007, the interview bar included
         | deep knowledge of how computers worked. It wasn't unusual to
         | have meetings drop down to talking about assembly code. Your
         | first day after orientation was a bunch of computer parts and
         | you were told to "figure out how to setup your box".
         | 
         | Antivirus wasn't mandatory. The logic was if you got a virus,
         | they made a mistake hiring you and you deserved to be fired.
         | 
         | When your average developer can go that deep on any topic, you
         | can generally leave engineers well enough alone and get good
         | software.
        
           | derwiki wrote:
           | Antivirus wasn't mandatory in 2007 after the 2003 Blaster
           | Worm, that required no user action to compromise the PC? Wild
        
             | gzread wrote:
             | Maybe they fired everyone who was working there in 2003.
             | Would explain some things.
        
             | ptx wrote:
             | On the other hand there was e.g. CVE-2021-1647 where
             | Microsoft's antivirus would compromise the PC with no user
             | action.
             | 
             | (At least I think that's the one I'm thinking of. It's
             | marked as a high-severity RCE with no user interaction but
             | they don't give any details. There was definitely at least
             | one CVE where Windows Defender compromised the system by
             | unsafely scanning files with excessive privileges.)
        
           | pjmlp wrote:
           | > But even by 2014 there were problems hiring developers who
           | knew C++, or who wanted to learn it. COM? No way.
           | 
           | It doesn't help that there are some teams that are hardcore
           | in keeping things as they are and don't want any tooling that
           | might improve COM development experience.
           | 
           | To this day Microsoft is yet to have any COM related tooling
           | for C++ as easy to use as C++ Builder does it.
           | 
           | MFC, ATL, WRL, WIL,.... you name it.
           | 
           | The only time it seemed they finally got it, with C++/CX,
           | there was a group that managed to kill this product, replace
           | it with C++/WinRT, with no tooling other than the command
           | line IDL compiler, now also abandoned as they refocused into
           | windows-rs.
        
             | rescbr wrote:
             | Oh, as somebody who wrote C++/CX code at the time, I was
             | very pissed when they replaced it with WinRT.
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | Same here, the way it was removed, without tooling parity
               | on Visual Studio, revealed a complete lack of respect for
               | those of us paying licenses.
               | 
               | This was one of the reasons I eventually moved back into
               | distributed systems, and was pissed enough that I keep
               | dismounting the WinUI marketing.
        
           | markus_zhang wrote:
           | "One team we literally had to draw straws once to determine
           | who was going to learn how to write native code for Windows."
           | 
           | Jesus, you have tons of people who are willing to do that,
           | even now. Microsoft just don't care to hire from non-target
           | schools, or ordinary professionals and train them --- sure
           | the reason is, people believe that you cannot improve
           | mediocrity, which I don't believe so.
           | 
           | On a completely different page, most of the generals and
           | advisors and high level bureaucrats of the first Emperor of
           | the Han dynasty came from exactly one county -- the county of
           | Pei. But in peaceful time they are just "ordinary people".
        
         | axelriet wrote:
         | What I meant is that it's customary to write to the Board
         | _through the Secretary_ as opposed to write directly or through
         | some other channel.
        
           | vintagedave wrote:
           | Thanks for the direct reply! I wasn't aware it was ever
           | customary to write to a board.
           | 
           | But I do see you have very clear concerns.
           | 
           | One thing I don't fully follow is: how did it get from such a
           | nicely designed system, built by Dave Cutler, to this --
           | simply moving fast and building tech debt?
        
             | nimonian wrote:
             | Writing to the board is not customary. When you do so, it
             | is customary to do it through the secretary.
        
       | brcmthrowaway wrote:
       | What an epic takedown.
       | 
       | Microsoft should have promoted this guy instead of laying him
       | off.
       | 
       | Did Microsoft really lose OpenAI as a customer?
        
         | axelriet wrote:
         | The answer to your question is in the public releases. MS went
         | from primary partner (under ROFR) to one of the options. They
         | retain IP rights and API hosting, although in recent weeks we
         | learned that OpenAI was planning a workaround with AWS and
         | Microsoft said they might sue them for that. So the happy
         | marriage is over, it's more like a custody battle now:
         | https://www.reuters.com/technology/microsoft-weighs-legal-ac...
        
       | andrewstuart wrote:
       | Any complex system - and these cloud systems must be immensely
       | complex - accumulate cruft and bloat and bugs until the entire
       | thing starts to look like an old hotel that hasn't been renovated
       | in 30 years.
        
         | lll-o-lll wrote:
         | It's not inevitable. Absolutely this is true without
         | _significant effort_ , but if you've been around the traps for
         | long enough (in enough organisations), you get to see that the
         | level of quality can vary _widely_. Avoiding the mud-pit does
         | require a whole org commitment, starting from senior
         | leadership.
         | 
         | This story is more interesting, in my opinion, in how quickly
         | things devolved and also how unwilling the more senior layers
         | of the org were to address it. At a whole company level, the
         | rot really sets in when you start to lose the key people that
         | built and know the system. That seems to be what's happening
         | here, and it does not bode well for MS in the medium term.
        
       | acedTrex wrote:
       | This is an insanely blunt look into some serious issues with
       | microsoft.
        
       | ludwigvan wrote:
       | I had the misfortune of having to use Azure back in 2018 and was
       | appalled at the lack of quality, slowness. I was in GitHub
       | forums, helping other customers suffering from lack of basic
       | functionality, incredible prices with abysmal performance. This
       | article explains a lot honestly.
       | 
       | Google's Cloud feels like the best engineered one, though lack of
       | proper human support is worrying there compared to AWS.
        
         | reddozen wrote:
         | GCP's support is abysmal. Our assigned customer support agent
         | has changed 3 times in as many months. it's really a dice roll
         | if our quota increase requests are even acknowledged or we can
         | get clarification on undocumented system limitations.
        
         | acdha wrote:
         | I thought that about GCP until I used it more seriously and
         | kept running into issues where they didn't have some feature
         | AWS had had for ages, and our Google engineers kept saying the
         | answer was to run your own service in Kubernetes rather than
         | use a platform service which did not give me confidence that
         | they understood what the business proposition was.
        
         | hunterpayne wrote:
         | Unless you work in Alphabet's marketing department, then no GCP
         | isn't the best one. The most reliable cloud has always been AWS
         | by a wide margin. The exec in charge of GCP has had to
         | apologize in public on multiple occasions for GCP's reliability
         | problems. Sounds like they have fixed them by now (years later)
         | but that doesn't make up the disaster that was BigQuery.
         | 
         | Also, GCP is more focused on smaller customers so perhaps
         | that's the part that works for you. AWS can be a bit daunting.
         | But AWS actually versions their APIs and publishes roadmaps and
         | timelines for when APIs get added and retired and what you
         | should use instead. GCP will just cancel things on short notice
         | with no replacement.
        
         | pragmatic wrote:
         | I still remember the day the disks dissappeared on the prod db
         | running on gcp.
        
       | Anon1096 wrote:
       | The post is so dramatized and clearly written by someone with a
       | grudge such that it really detracts from any point that is trying
       | to be made, if there is any.
       | 
       | From another former Az eng now elsewhere still working on big
       | systems, the post gets way way more boring when you realize that
       | things like "Principle Group Manager" is just an M2 and Principal
       | in general is L6 (maybe even L5) Google equivalent. Similarly
       | Sev2 is hardly notable for anyone actually working on the
       | foundational infra. There are certainly problems in Azure, but
       | it's huge and rough edges are to be expected. It mostly marches
       | on. IMO maturity is realizing this and working within the system
       | to improve it rather than trying to lay out all the dirty laundry
       | to an Internet audience that will undoubtedly lap it up and
       | happily cry Microslop.
       | 
       | Last thing, the final part 6 comes off as really childish, risks
       | to national security and sending letters to the board, really?
       | Azure is still chugging along apparently despite everything being
       | mentioned. People come in all the time crying that everything is
       | broken and needs to be scrapped and rewritten but it's hardly
       | ever true.
        
         | sabedevops wrote:
         | He might sound like he has a grudge but you sound like you're
         | personally invested. Shill?
        
         | kraemahz wrote:
         | AWS and Google Cloud are both huge and are significantly better
         | in UX/DX. My only experience with Azure was that it barely
         | worked, provided very little in the way of information about
         | why it didn't. I _only_ have negative impressions of Azure
         | whereas at least GC and AWS I can say my experiences are mixed.
        
         | jiggawatts wrote:
         | > People come in all the time crying that everything is broken
         | and needs to be scrapped and rewritten but it's hardly ever
         | true.
         | 
         | Or... you've just normalised the deviation.
         | 
         | One of the few reliable barometers of an organisation (or their
         | products) is the wtf/day exclaimed by _new_ hires.
         | 
         | After about three or four weeks everyone adapts, learns what
         | they can and can't criticise without fallout, and settles into
         | the mud to wallow with everyone else that has become accustomed
         | to the filth.
         | 
         | As an Azure user I can tell you that it's blindingly obvious
         | even from the outside that the engineering quality is rock
         | bottom. Throwing features over the fence as fast as possible to
         | catch up to AWS was clearly the only priority for over a decade
         | and has resulted in a giant ball of mud that now they can't
         | change because published APIs and offered products must
         | continue to have support for years. Those rushed decisions have
         | painted Azure into a corner.
         | 
         | You may puff your chest out, and even take legitimate pride in
         | building the second largest public cloud in the world, but
         | please don't fool yourself that the quality of this edifice is
         | anything other than rickety and falling apart at the seams.
         | 
         | Remind me: can I use IPv6 safely yet? Does it still break
         | Postgres in _other_ networks? Can azcopy actually move files
         | yet, like every other bulk copy tool ever made by man? Can I
         | upgrade a VM in-place to a new SKU without deleting and
         | recreating it to work around your internal Hyper-V cluster API
         | limitations? Premium SSDv2 disks for boot disks... when? Etc...
         | 
         | You may list excuses for these quality gaps, but these kinds of
         | things just weren't an issue anywhere else I've worked as far
         | back as twenty years ago! Heck, I built a natively "all IPv6"
         | VMware ESXi cluster over a decade ago!
        
           | zdragnar wrote:
           | > One of the few reliable barometers of an organisation (or
           | their products) is the wtf/day exclaimed by new hires.
           | 
           | Eh, I don't think this is exactly as reliable as you'd
           | expect.
           | 
           | My previous job had a fairly straight forward code base but
           | had fairly poor reliability for the few customers we had, and
           | the WTF portions usually weren't the ones that caused
           | downtime.
           | 
           | On the other hand, I'm currently working on a legacy system
           | with daily WTFs from pretty much everyone, with a greater
           | degree of complexity in a number of places, and yet we get
           | fewer bug reports and at least an order of magnitude if not
           | two more daily users.
           | 
           | With all of that said... I don't think I've used any of
           | Microsoft's new software in years and thought to myself "this
           | feels like it was well made."
        
             | jiggawatts wrote:
             | The rapid decay of WTF/day over time applies to both new
             | employees and new customers.
             | 
             | > currently working on a legacy system
             | 
             | "Legacy" is the magic word here! Those customers are
             | _pissed_ , trust me, but they've long ago given up trying
             | to do anything about it. That's why you don't hear about
             | it. Not because there are no bugs, but because nobody can
             | be bothered to submit bug reports after learning long ago
             | that doing so is futile.
             | 
             | I once read a paper claiming that for every major software
             | incident (crash, data loss, outage, etc...) between only
             | one in a thousand to one in ten thousand will be formally
             | reported up to an engineer capable of fixing the issue.
             | 
             | I refused to believe that metric until I started collecting
             | crash reports (and other stats) automatically on a legacy
             | system and discovered to my horror that it was crashing
             | multiple times per user per day, and required on average a
             | backup restore once a week or so per user due to data
             | corruption! We got about one support call per 4,500 such
             | incidents.
        
               | zdragnar wrote:
               | The customers aren't pissed, we're doing demos to new
               | departments and lining up customizations and expansion as
               | quickly as we can. We're growing faster than ever within
               | our largest customer.
               | 
               | I also didn't say there are no bugs or complaints, I said
               | the system is more stable. But yes, there are fewer bugs
               | and complaints, especially on the critical features.
               | 
               | I didn't use the word legacy to mean abandoned, just that
               | it's been around a long time, we're maintaining it while
               | also building newer features in newer tech, as opposed to
               | my previous company which was a green field startup.
        
           | justincormack wrote:
           | I mean, the org had already decreed everything needed to be
           | rewritten in Rust according to the account.
        
           | 12_throw_away wrote:
           | > One of the few reliable barometers of an organisation (or
           | their products) is the wtf/day exclaimed by new hires.
           | 
           | Wellllll ... my observations after many cycles of this are:
           | 
           | - wtfs/day exclaimed by people interacting with *a new
           | codebase* are not indicative of anything. People first
           | encountering the internals of any reasonably interesting
           | system will always be baffled. In this context "wtf" might
           | just mean "learning something new".
           | 
           | - wtfs/day exclaimed by people learning about your *processes
           | and workflows* are extremely important and should be taken
           | extremely seriously. "wtf, did you know all your junior devs
           | are sharing a single admin API token over email?" for
           | example.
        
         | lokar wrote:
         | I think he did kind of point at the lack of seniority in the
         | org, so I'm not sure he was trying to exaggerate with the
         | titles.
         | 
         | I'm really struck that they have such Jr people in charge of
         | key systems like that.
        
           | markus_zhang wrote:
           | Juniors love to hack out new things and in the mean time they
           | can take the blame if needed, fair trade, won't you say?
        
         | abtinf wrote:
         | > risks to national security ...really?
         | 
         | Really. Apparently the Secretary of War agrees with him.
        
           | mpyne wrote:
           | In fairness the SECWAR is hardly a computing expert.
           | 
           | But in this case the SECWAR has been properly advised. If
           | anything it's astonishing that a program whereby China-based
           | Microsoft engineers telling U.S.-based Microsoft engineers
           | specific commands to type in ever made it off the proposal
           | page inside Microsoft, accelerated time-to-market or not.
           | 
           | It defeats the entire purpose of many of the NIST security
           | controls that demand things like U.S.-cleared personnel for
           | government networks, and Microsoft knew those were a thing
           | because that was the whole point to the "digital escort" (a
           | U.S. person who was supposed to vet the Chinese engineer's
           | technical work despite apparently being not technical enough
           | to have just done it themselves).
           | 
           | Some ideas "sell themselves", ideas like these do the
           | opposite.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | > If anything it's astonishing that a program whereby
             | China-based Microsoft engineers telling U.S.-based
             | Microsoft engineers specific commands to type in ever made
             | it off the proposal page inside Microsoft, accelerated
             | time-to-market or not.
             | 
             | > It defeats the entire purpose of many of the NIST
             | security controls that demand things like U.S.-cleared
             | personnel for government networks, and Microsoft knew those
             | were a thing because that was the whole point to the
             | "digital escort" (a U.S. person who was supposed to vet the
             | Chinese engineer's technical work despite apparently being
             | not technical enough to have just done it themselves).
             | 
             | That is beyond bad. Proof of this?
        
               | mpyne wrote:
               | https://www.propublica.org/article/microsoft-digital-
               | escorts...
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Holy fuck. Ok, this will change things considerably for
               | some companies I'm working with that had moved their
               | stuff to Azure. Thanks. More than I can express on here.
        
             | CoastalCoder wrote:
             | I'd like to suggest calling him SECDEF, not SECWAR.
             | 
             | IMHO the country should not capitulate to Trump's power
             | grabs, even if Congress refuses to perform their oversight
             | duties.
        
               | mpyne wrote:
               | I'm sympathetic to the viewpoint but I'm not in the habit
               | of policing the names people use for themselves.
               | 
               | I've certainly done more than my fair share of jobs in
               | the Navy where the office I was formally billeted to had
               | long since ceased to actually exist as described due to
               | office renamings. Often things as simple as a department
               | section being elevated into a department branch and
               | people using the new name even while they wait 1-2 years
               | for the manpower records to be fixed and the POM process
               | to cycle through for program resourcing. But still, seems
               | hard to treat it as a crime at one level when no one
               | blinked an eye at the lower level.
               | 
               | Maybe Congress will eventually step in, but in the
               | meantime the American voters made their choice about who
               | they want to run these agencies, so...
        
               | cwillu wrote:
               | The main title of the office is still "secretary of
               | defense", the executive order added a secondary title of
               | the department and the office, it didn't replace the
               | primary titles.
        
               | jazzypants wrote:
               | These agencies such as the Department of Defense, whose
               | secretary is...?
               | 
               | The department's name is *legally* the Department of
               | Defense. If they want to change it, they can go to
               | Congress and do it the legal way. They have a majority.
               | There's nothing stopping them except for their disregard
               | for the sanctity of the law.
        
               | jubilanti wrote:
               | > the American voters made their choice about who they
               | want to run these agencies
               | 
               | The American voters don't get to override the U.S.
               | constitution. The American voters also voted in the U.S.
               | Congress, which has the sole authority to name the
               | department and title. My representatives have not voted
               | to change the law. Do you not care about the rule of law?
               | 
               | > I'm not in the habit of policing the names people use
               | for themselves.
               | 
               | I'm sure you think you're being clever, but this is such
               | a bad faith argument.
        
               | mpyne wrote:
               | > Do you not care about the rule of law?
               | 
               | Of course I do. I hope the rest of my fellow Americans
               | will someday care as much as I do about it. It's clearly
               | not the case today.
               | 
               | But, is it _illegal_ to refer to Secretary Hegseth as the
               | SECWAR?
               | 
               | If so, would it be legal to refer to him as the SECDEF?
               | After all, that isn't the formal term that Congress
               | established his position as under 10 USC 113.
               | 
               | It's not hard to see all the cans of worms that emanate
               | from the topic. I said already that this is Congress's
               | purview, and they have had ample opportunity to put a
               | stake in the ground on their position in response...
        
               | gzread wrote:
               | We could call him by what he does: SECMASSMURDERER
        
             | lmm wrote:
             | Being compliant with the letter of the requirements at 1/3
             | of the cost is absolutely an idea that sells itself.
        
           | pinkmuffinere wrote:
           | To be fair, it's not like Hegseth is a super high-signal
           | source. Hegseth says lots of stuff, some of which are even
           | true!
        
             | wredcoll wrote:
             | This was such a genuinely weird moment for me when reading
             | the article.
             | 
             | "yadda yadda and then also the secretary of defence agreed
             | it was bad"
             | 
             | I'm just reading along and going, "yeah that sounds really
             | bad if a secretary level position is being cited... wait a
             | second, isn't that actually the guy who is literally famous
             | for being stupid??"
             | 
             | I never expected to be living through a real life version
             | of "the emperor's new clothes", like, how is _anyone_
             | quoting this guy about anything?
        
           | asteroidburger wrote:
           | The United States does not have a Secretary of War, and has
           | not since 1947.
        
             | 7bit wrote:
             | Uhm:
             | 
             | > The United States secretary of defense (SecDef),
             | secondarily titled the secretary of war (SecWar),[b] is the
             | head of the United States Department of Defense (DoD), the
             | executive department of the U.S. Armed Forces, and is a
             | high-ranking member of the cabinet of the United
             | States.[8][9][10]
             | 
             | Wikipedia
        
         | staticassertion wrote:
         | > risks to national security
         | 
         | Microsoft is _the_ go to solution for every government agency,
         | FEDRAMP  / CMMC environments, etc.
         | 
         | > People come in all the time crying that everything is broken
         | and needs to be scrapped and rewritten but it's hardly ever
         | true.
         | 
         | This I'm more sympathetic to. I really don't think his approach
         | of "here's what a rewrite would look like" was ever going to
         | work and it makes me think that there's another side to this
         | story. Thinking that the solution is a full reset is not
         | necessarily wrong but it's a bit of a red flag.
        
           | kklisura wrote:
           | At no point during the reading I got sense that he's
           | suggesting something radical. Where specifically is he
           | pointing out rewrite?
           | 
           | "The practical strategy I suggested was incremental
           | improvement... This strategy goes a long way toward
           | modernizing a running system with minimal disruption and
           | offers gradual, consistent improvements. It uses small,
           | reliable components that can be easily tested separately and
           | solidified before integration into the main platform at
           | scale." [1]
           | 
           | [1] https://isolveproblems.substack.com/p/how-microsoft-
           | vaporize...
        
             | staticassertion wrote:
             | > The current plans are likely to fail -- history has
             | proven that hunch correct -- so I began creating new ones
             | to rebuild the Azure node stack from first principles.
             | 
             | > A simple cross-platform component model to create
             | portable modules that could be built for both Windows and
             | Linux, and a new message bus communication system spanning
             | the entire node, where agents could freely communicate
             | across guest, host, and SoC boundaries, were the
             | foundational elements of a new node platform
             | 
             | Yes, I read that part as well and found it a bit confusing
             | to reconcile with this one.
             | 
             | The vibe from my quotes is very much "I had a simple from-
             | scratch solution". They mention then slowly adopting it,
             | but it's very hard to really assess this based on just the
             | perspective of the author.
             | 
             | He also was making suggestions about significantly slowing
             | down development and not pursuing major deals, which I
             | think again is not necessarily wrong but was likely to fall
             | on deaf ears.
        
               | axelriet wrote:
               | Interesting point. The two stances are not contradictory.
               | The end result is a new stack, so you are right saying
               | that was the intent. However how you get there on a
               | running system is through stepwise improvements based on
               | componentization and gradual replacement until everything
               | is new. Each new component clears more ground. I never
               | imagined an A/B switch to a brand new system rewritten
               | from scratch.
        
           | outworlder wrote:
           | > Microsoft is the go to solution for every government
           | agency, FEDRAMP / CMMC environments, etc.
           | 
           | I've been involved with FEDRAMP initiatives in the past. That
           | doesn't mean as much as you'd think. Some really atrocious
           | systems have been FEDRAMP certified. Maybe when you go all
           | the way to FEDRAMP High there could be some better
           | guardrails; I doubt it.
           | 
           | Microsoft has just been entrenched in the government, that's
           | all. They have the necessary contacts and consultants to make
           | it happen.
           | 
           | > Thinking that the solution is a full reset is not
           | necessarily wrong but it's a bit of a red flag.
           | 
           | The author does mention rewriting subsystem by subsystem
           | while keeping the functionality intact, adding a proper
           | messaging layer, until the remaining systems are just a shell
           | of what they once were. That sounds reasonable.
        
             | axelriet wrote:
             | Thanks. That was exactly the plan. Full rewrites are
             | extremely risky (see the 2nd System syndrome) as people
             | wrongly assume they will redo everything and also add
             | everything everyone always wanted, and fix all dept, and do
             | it in a fraction of the time, which is delusional and
             | almost always fail. Stepwise modernization is a proven
             | technique.
        
               | guardiangod wrote:
               | As someone who had worked adjacent to the functionally-
               | same components (and much more) at your biggest
               | competitor, you have my sympathy.
               | 
               | Running 167 agents in the accelerator? My gawd that would
               | never fly at my previous company. I'd get dragged out in
               | front of a bunch of senior principals/distinguished and
               | drawn and quartered.
               | 
               | And 300k manual interventions per year? If that happened
               | on the monitoring side , many people (including me) would
               | have gotten fired. Our deployment process might be hack-
               | ish, but none of it involved a dedicated 'digital escort'
               | team.
               | 
               | I too have gotten laid off recently from said company
               | after similar situation. Just take a breath, relax, and
               | realize that there's life outside. Go learn some new
               | LLM/AI stuff. The stuff from the last few months are
               | incredible.
               | 
               | We are all going to lose our jobs to LLM soon anyway.
        
             | staticassertion wrote:
             | > I've been involved with FEDRAMP initiatives in the past.
             | That doesn't mean as much as you'd think. Some really
             | atrocious systems have been FEDRAMP certified. Maybe when
             | you go all the way to FEDRAMP High there could be some
             | better guardrails; I doubt it.
             | 
             | I never said otherwise. I said that Microsoft services are
             | the defacto tools for FEDRAMP. I _never_ implied that those
             | environments are some super high standard of safety. But
             | _obviously_ if the tools used for every government
             | environment are fundamentally unsafe, that 's a massive
             | national security problem.
             | 
             | > Microsoft has just been entrenched in the government,
             | that's all.
             | 
             | Yes, this is what I was saying.
             | 
             | > The author does mention rewriting subsystem by subsystem
             | while keeping the functionality intact, adding a proper
             | messaging layer, until the remaining systems are just a
             | shell of what they once were. That sounds reasonable.
             | 
             | It sounds reasonable, it's just hard to say without more
             | insight. We're getting one side of things.
        
           | Spooky23 wrote:
           | FedRAMP means nothing. It's a checkbox. National security
           | stuff has a different standard.
        
             | staticassertion wrote:
             | It "means nothing" that the way that government systems get
             | set up for government data is all using Microsoft tooling?
        
         | bawolff wrote:
         | > Last thing, the final part 6 comes off as really childish,
         | risks to national security and sending letters to the board,
         | really?
         | 
         | That struck me too. Maybe i've never worked high enough in an
         | org (im unclear how highly ranked the author of the piece is)
         | but i've never been in an org where going over your boss's
         | boss's boss's boss's head and writing a letter to the board was
         | likely to go well.
         | 
         | That said, i could easily believe that both Azure is an
         | absolute mess and that the author of the piece was fired
         | because of how he went about things.
        
           | axelriet wrote:
           | I didn't say it went well. Actually I said it didn't go well
           | :(
        
             | bawolff wrote:
             | Yes, but you are writing as if you expected it to go well.
        
               | rhyperior wrote:
               | I'd say they're writing as if they expect everyone to
               | share their ideals, and they're responding to violations
               | of those ideals in a naive and disempowered way. That
               | doesn't mean they're wrong in those ideals, but the way
               | they tried to fix things... they interacted with Cutler,
               | why didn't they try to influence him to fix things? Or
               | any other senior technical leaders?
        
               | axelriet wrote:
               | I never said I didn't. It was a multi-year escalation and
               | I shared my concerns widely along with concrete options.
               | 
               | The thing is in corporate environments people avoid
               | admitting anything is wrong because that would make them
               | look bad and also disavows the bosses who promoted them,
               | so the true best interest of the company takes a back
               | seat.
        
         | nrds wrote:
         | I've worked at both Microsoft and Google in the past 6 years
         | and the notion that msft "Principal" is equivalent to goog L5
         | is crazy.
        
           | dh2022 wrote:
           | Meaning Msft Principal is below L5? I got the same feedback
           | from one of my friends who works at Google. She said quality
           | of former MSFT engineers now working at Google was noticeably
           | lower.
        
             | zipy124 wrote:
             | I mean if you go by pay in the UK a Microsoft principle is
             | equivalent to an L4 at Google if levels.fyi is too be
             | believed....
        
             | nrds wrote:
             | I mean imputed prestige within the organization. Being an
             | L5 is nothing; it's the promote-or-fire cutoff at Google
             | AFAIK. But being a Principal is slightly more than nothing;
             | it's two levels above the promote-or-fire cutoff.
             | 
             | I mean, _now_, sure, I'd assume Microsoft Principals should
             | be hired around L4 at Google. But that's just due to a
             | temporary inbalance in the decline of legacy organizations.
             | Give it a few years and it will even back out and msft 64
             | will be in the middle of L5 range like levels.fyi claims.
        
               | compiler-guy wrote:
               | L5 hasn't been the promote or fire cutoff at Google for
               | perhaps a decade. L4 is the new L5, mostly because Google
               | would have to pay L5s more, and it has been terrified of
               | personnel costs for years.
               | 
               | But even so, an L5 at Google is basically a nobody as far
               | as prestige or convincing other people to adopt your plan
               | goes. Even L6 is basically just an expert across several
               | mostly local teams. L7 is where the prestige gets going.
        
         | rawgabbit wrote:
         | I believe the author was referring to this
         | https://www.propublica.org/article/microsoft-digital-
         | escorts....
         | 
         | Microsoft hired Chinese engineers to manage US Department of
         | Defense Azure VMs.
        
           | axelriet wrote:
           | Thanks. That reference is correct. The point is why those
           | sessions were necessary because there is no reason, a-priori,
           | to do manual touches on production systems, DoD or not.
        
         | com2kid wrote:
         | > From another former Az eng now elsewhere still working on big
         | systems, the post gets way way more boring when you realize
         | that things like "Principle Group Manager" is just an M2 and
         | Principal in general is L6 (maybe even L5) Google equivalent.
         | Similarly Sev2 is hardly notable for anyone actually working on
         | the foundational infra.
         | 
         | Before the days of title inflation across the industry, a a
         | Principal at Microsoft was a rare thing. When I was there, the
         | ratio was maybe 1 principal for every 30 developers. Principals
         | were looked up to, had decades of experience, and _knew their
         | shit_ really well. They were the big guns you called in to fix
         | things when the shit really hit the fan, or when no one else
         | could figure out what was going on.
        
           | Anon1096 wrote:
           | One of Microsoft's problems is their pay is significantly
           | lower than FAANG and so you very very rarely see people with
           | expertise in the same verticals jump to Azure. I get that
           | "the deal" at Microsoft is lower pressure for lower pay but
           | it really hinders the talent pipeline. There are some good
           | home grown principals and seniors, but even then I think the
           | people I worked with would have done well to jump around and
           | get a stint at another cloud provider to see what it's like.
           | Many of them started as new grads and their whole career was
           | just at Azure.
           | 
           | Meanwhile when I was at another company we would get a weekly
           | new hire post with very high pedigree from other FAANGs. And
           | with that we got a lot of industry leading ideas by osmosis
           | that you don't see Azure getting.
        
             | fleshdaddy wrote:
             | Yeah the deal has also changed. Right as I was leaving the
             | messaging started changing a lot and there was a clear top
             | down "you all need to work harder". They hired an ex Amazon
             | guy to run my org which really drove the message home.
             | 
             | To be fair though I think Microsoft has decided they are
             | fine with rank and file being mediocre. I don't know how
             | interested they are in competing for top talent except for
             | at the top.
        
         | whoamii wrote:
         | For reference, author was a Senior Software Engineer, ie. mid-
         | level engineer.
        
           | markus_zhang wrote:
           | He was from the kernel team, though. I always put their
           | experience x2.
        
             | whoamii wrote:
             | Unless you're still senior after 10+ years. Add to that
             | switching companies and coming back same level...
        
               | markus_zhang wrote:
               | I don't disagree with you. I wish there were some good
               | counter points from the Azure team. There was one from
               | the Azure team in who commented on the article, but I
               | feel that comment to be a bit weak.
        
               | axelriet wrote:
               | Life works in mysterious ways. Whoever you are, bring it
               | on and prove any of my points wrong.
        
               | whoamii wrote:
               | Like the one where 1.5T in value went pfoof due to
               | reasons you mentioned? I will let people judge whether
               | your arguments are most likely, or whether this is bubble
               | syndrome. Hint: there is a large distance between use of
               | smart pointers and market effects.
        
         | Hikikomori wrote:
         | Chugging along? Very clear you're not a customer using Azure.
        
         | axelriet wrote:
         | >risks to national security and sending letters to the board,
         | really?
         | 
         | Yes, really, and guess what the DoD did on Aug 29, 2025,
         | exactly 234 days after I warned the CEO of potential risks?
         | 
         | https://www.propublica.org/article/microsoft-china-defense-d...
         | 
         | It wasn't specifically about the escort sessions from any
         | particular country, though, but about the list of underlying
         | reasons why direct node access was necessary.
        
         | small_model wrote:
         | Yes it's easy to critique any large system or organisation, to
         | then go over everyone's head and cry to the CEO and Board is
         | snake like behaviour especially offering you self as the answer
         | to fix it. OP will be marked as a troublemaker and bad team
         | member.
        
           | axelriet wrote:
           | Maybe. That would be a dent in the shiny culture of trust
           | Microsoft is proud to run on, though.
        
         | UltraSane wrote:
         | The problem is that what he writes is very plausible and
         | explains a lot about why Azure is so unreliable and insecure.
         | The author didn't mention the shameful way Microsoft leaked a
         | Golden SAML key to Chinese hackers. This event absolutely was a
         | threat to national security.
        
         | dgellow wrote:
         | If your reaction is emblematic of the way people reacted to his
         | points internally that does give more credibility to his side
         | of the story IMHO
        
       | lokar wrote:
       | This reads pretty bad, and I believe it was. I worked on (and was
       | at least partly responsible for) systems that do the same thing
       | he described. It took constant force of will, fighting,
       | escalation, etc to hold the line and maintain some basic level of
       | stability and engineering practice.
       | 
       | And I've worked other places that had problems similar to the
       | core problems described, not quite as severe, and not at the same
       | scale, but bad enough to doom them (IMO) to a death loop they
       | won't recover from.
        
       | yoyohello13 wrote:
       | I don't know if any of this is true, but as a user of Azure every
       | day this would explain so much.
       | 
       | The Azure UI feels like a janky mess, barely being held together.
       | The documentation is obviously entirely written by AI and is
       | constantly out of date or wrong. They offer such a huge volume of
       | services it's nearly impossible to figure out what service you
       | actually want/need without consultants, and when you finally get
       | the services up who knows if they actually work as advertised.
       | 
       | I'm honestly shocked anything manages to stay working at all.
        
         | ragall wrote:
         | We migrated some services to AKS because the upper management
         | thought it was a good deal to get so many credits, and now pods
         | are randomly crashing and database nodes have random spikes in
         | disk latency. What ran reliably on GCP became quite
         | unpredictable.
        
           | SeriousM wrote:
           | Interesting! We're using AKS with huge success so far, but
           | lately our Pods are unresponsive and we get 503 Gateway
           | Timeouts that we really can't trace down. And don't get me
           | started on Azure Blob Tables...
        
             | ragall wrote:
             | In our case this was only a month ago, and now we're stuck
             | because management thought it was a good idea to sign a
             | hefty spend commitment.
        
               | a012 wrote:
               | In our case, we spent to much time of engineer time just
               | to put up with Azure but there's no good ROI. It took
               | sometime for the upper management to realize Azure is
               | shit and cut the cost
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Don't they have an SLA? You can break that open if they
               | don't perform.
        
               | fakedang wrote:
               | Exactly what I was thinking. But then again, from what
               | I've seen, the persons responsible for monitoring uptimes
               | are often much further removed from the C suite in these
               | "committed-spend" companies.
        
               | oasisbob wrote:
               | To what end? I've never seen an SLA which is clear cut
               | enough to be worth pursuing if you want more than a free
               | t-shirt.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | > I've never seen an SLA which is clear cut enough to be
               | worth pursuing if you want more than a free t-shirt.
               | 
               | I have, regularly. I am not sure what kind of business
               | you are running but parties that rely on service
               | providers for critical (primary business process driving)
               | components routinely agree to SLAs with large penalties
               | and the ability to open up an existing contract in case
               | of non-performance. Obviously you would have to be
               | willing to pay for such a service in the first place
               | otherwise there is no point in setting up an SLA, this
               | won't be cheap. But we're definitely not talking about
               | 'free t-shirts' here, more about direct liability, per
               | hour penalties and so on.
        
               | oasisbob wrote:
               | I'm thinking ISPs, colo, cloud.
               | 
               | By the time SLA thresholds are being breached you've been
               | through months (or years) of pain. They're not strong
               | enough or specific enough to save you from a bad
               | provider. ymmv
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Colo and cloud providers that provide _real_ SLAs exist.
               | But they 're pricey because they tend to insure against
               | breach of that that SLA and they pass on the cost of that
               | insurance. If you're a run-of-the-mill e-commerce company
               | then it probably doesn't make much sense. But if you
               | yourself are providing critical services to others and
               | they have you by the short hairs in case you don't
               | perform you better make sure that you're not going to end
               | up holding the bag.
               | 
               | One simple example: energy market services, 15 minute
               | ahead and day ahead markets require participants to have
               | the ability to perform or they will be penalized
               | severely, to the point where they can lose that access,
               | the damage of which could easily be in the 10's of
               | millions to 100's of millions depending on their size.
               | Asset owners and utilities both would be able to hit them
               | hard if they do not perform, the asset owners for lost
               | income and the utilities for both government penalties
               | and possibly for outages and all associated costs. These
               | are not the kind of contracts you enter into lightly.
        
           | nibbleyou wrote:
           | Exact same story at my place. Upper management decided it's a
           | good idea to build on Azure because Microsoft promised some
           | benefits. Things that ran reliable on GCP now need active
           | firefighting on Azure
        
           | Bombthecat wrote:
           | Gcp is hard to beat on k8s stuff. Performance and stability
           | is crazy good.
           | 
           | But it's not aws are famous and costs money. Hence moving
           | away seems like a good idea :)
        
         | ryoshu wrote:
         | I've worked with their consultants and they were lovely. They
         | hate Azure too.
        
           | everdrive wrote:
           | I imagine that no one likes Azure.
        
             | Forgeties79 wrote:
             | The only good thing Microsoft azure ever did for me was
             | provide a very easy way to exploit their free trial program
             | in the early 2010s to crypto mine for free. It couldn't do
             | much, but it was straight up free real estate for CPU
             | mining. $200 or 2 weeks per credit/debit card.
        
               | tmpz22 wrote:
               | I used it for MMO goldfarming - circa 2012/2013
        
               | Forgeties79 wrote:
               | Damn that's impressive. Wasn't it all command line at the
               | time?
        
               | riffraff wrote:
               | Ah, I did the same, but wasn't the experience/UI back
               | then pretty nice too?
               | 
               | I haven't used azure since then, but I remember the web
               | interface was way more polished than aws and things
               | worked ok (spinning up a VM was fast etc).
               | 
               | So I'm confused by how everyone seems to hate it now.
        
               | Forgeties79 wrote:
               | I did it all in the command line so can't say
        
             | a012 wrote:
             | Only C level likes Azure
        
             | user34283 wrote:
             | We use Azure for desktops and we pay $600/month for 4
             | cores, getting performance comparable to a $60 Intel N100
             | chip.
        
               | kjs3 wrote:
               | We tried this (and M$ sold it _hard_ ) and never went to
               | production with it (except for a couple of niche use
               | cases). It was obviously not going to meet expectations
               | before we were half way through the PoC.
        
             | maccard wrote:
             | Azure container apps are a great (idea) and work mostly
             | fine as long as you don't need to touch them. But they're
             | just like GCR or what fargate should be - container +
             | resources and off you go.
             | 
             | We ran many internal workloads on ACA, but we had _so may
             | issues_ with everything else around ACA...
        
           | yoyohello13 wrote:
           | Yeah no shade on the consultants. I've worked with some good
           | ones too.
        
         | chillfox wrote:
         | I remember being impressed with the Azure docs... until I spend
         | a week implementing something, only to have it completely fail
         | when deployed to the test environment because GraphAPI did not
         | work as documented. The beautiful docs were a complete lie.
         | 
         | These days I don't even bother looking at the docs when doing
         | stuff with Azure.
        
           | throwaway173738 wrote:
           | I can't count the number of times the docs have been totally
           | wrong.
        
             | GCUMstlyHarmls wrote:
             | Pretty surprised to hear this. I would think (assuming they
             | _are_ LLM written as parent suggests), that MS could throw
             | a large context  "pro" LLM at the code base and you should
             | get perfect docs, updated every release?
             | 
             | More perfect than a person where I might mistakenly
             | copy/paste or write "Returns 404" but the LLM can probably
             | see actually return a 401.
             | 
             | I'm not a stranger to LLMs hallucinating things in
             | responses but I'd always assumed that disappeared when you
             | actually pointed it at the source vs some nebulous
             | collection of "knowledge" in a general LLM.
        
               | gzread wrote:
               | Is it your first time using an LLM? No, they generate
               | plausible-sounding bullshit no matter the input.
               | Sometimes that bullshit is useful. Other times it isn't.
        
             | h6d_100c wrote:
             | And they were actually like that pre-LLM, in 2019, when I
             | was implementing stuff for a car company on azure. They
             | spent _hundreds of thousands_ on cosmosDB, for less
             | performance than a raspberry pi running Postgres.
        
               | jiggawatts wrote:
               | Every marketing page and just about every second
               | documentation page goes _on and on_ about how fantastic
               | CosmosDB performance and scalability is. Meanwhile, the
               | best performance I have ever managed to squeeze out of it
               | could be generously classified as  "glacial".
               | 
               | Whenever I read its docs I feel like I'm being gaslit.
        
         | macNchz wrote:
         | I've created a bunch of fresh Azure accounts over the past few
         | years and each time I've found myself sitting there dumbfounded
         | anew at how garbage the experience is.
         | 
         | There has been weird broken jank at just about every step of
         | the process at one point or another. Like, I'm a serious person
         | trying to set something up for a production workload, and
         | multiple times along the way to just having a working account
         | that I can log into with billing configured, I'll get baffling
         | error messages like [ServiceKeyDepartureException: Insufficient
         | validation expectancy. Sfhtjitgfxswinbvgtt-33-664322888], and
         | the whole thing will simply not work until several hours later.
         | Who knows why!?
         | 
         | I evaluated some Azure + Copilot Studio functionality for a
         | project recently, which required more engagement with their
         | whole 365 ecosystem than I'd had in a long time and it had many
         | of the same problems but worse. Just unbelievably low quality
         | software for the price and how popular it is. Every step of the
         | way I hit some stupid issue. The people using this stuff are
         | _clearly_ not the people buying it.
        
           | doubled112 wrote:
           | I've joked that on some services, when you're clicking
           | buttons, you're actually opening tickets that a human needs
           | to action.
           | 
           | That scenario is an example. You complete an action on a web
           | page and nothing works. You make no further changes and hours
           | later it works perfectly. Your human wasn't fast enough that
           | day.
        
             | pjc50 wrote:
             | That's the "digital escort" process mentioned in the very
             | long OP. Understandably, the US government got mad when
             | they found out that cheap Chinese tech support staff were
             | being used for direct intervention on "secure" VMs.
        
               | locusofself wrote:
               | That's not what the "problem" was. It's that cheap
               | _American_ support people were  "escorting" foreign
               | Microsoft SWEs, so they could manage and fix services
               | they wrote and were the subject matter experts for in the
               | sovereign cloud instances which they otherwise would have
               | no access to.
               | 
               | And this was NOT for the government clouds we have that
               | hold _classified_ data. Those are air-gapped clouds that
               | physically cannot be accessed by anyone who doesnt have a
               | TS clearance and physically go into a SCIF.
               | 
               | source: I work in a team very closely related the team
               | who designed digital escort.
        
               | axelriet wrote:
               | Yes but this misses the underlying point: this is the
               | same software. It suffers from the same defects. If your
               | management stack keeps crashing and leaking VMs you are
               | seeing a reduction in the operational capacity of the
               | fleet. If you are still there just tour Azure Watson and
               | tell me if you'd want the military to rely on that system
               | in wartime? Don't forget things like IVAS and God knows
               | what else that are used _during operations_ while Azure
               | node agents happily crash and restart on the hosts. The
               | system should be no-touch and run like an appliance,
               | which is predicated on zero crashes or 100% crash
               | resiliency. In Windows Core we pursued a single Watson
               | bucket with a single hit until it was fixed. Different
               | standards.
        
               | locusofself wrote:
               | I'm only commenting on parent comment's understanding of
               | what digital escort process is specifically. Escort is
               | used by all kinds of teams that are just doing day-to-day
               | crap for various resource providers across azure. I've
               | never worked anywhere close to Azure Core so I don't know
               | about these more low-level concerns. Overall I agree and
               | sympathize with your assessment of the engineering
               | culture.
        
               | locusofself wrote:
               | You also make it sound like getting a JIT approved is
               | getting keys to the kingdom. It's not -- every team has
               | it's own JIT policies for their resources. Should there
               | be far less manual touches? Ideally. But JIT is better
               | than persistent access at least, and JIT policies should
               | be scoped according to principle of least privilege. If
               | that is not happening, it's a failure at the level of
               | that specific org.
        
               | axelriet wrote:
               | Policies vary. The node folks get access to the nodes and
               | the fabric controller by necessity.
               | 
               | I guess we agree on the point where it should not be
               | necessary, which echoes Cutler's original intent of "no
               | operational intervention."
               | 
               | This is not an impossible task, after all it's just user-
               | mode code calling into platform APIs.
        
               | voganmother42 wrote:
               | 200 requests a day, lol
        
               | ozim wrote:
               | I would definitely fight against calling anything I work
               | on ,,digital escort".
        
               | pavlov wrote:
               | When the blog post mentioned Hegseth and "digital escort"
               | in the same sentence, I was surprised to learn it wasn't
               | about his OnlyFans habit at his work desktop.
        
               | locusofself wrote:
               | Yeah, it's not a great name. But it originates from the
               | government. When somebody without a security clearance
               | needs to go to a secure area, they must be escorted by
               | somebody.
        
             | szszrk wrote:
             | > when you're clicking buttons, you're actually opening
             | tickets that a human needs to action
             | 
             | I had one public cloud vendor sales literally admit this
             | was the case with their platform. But they were now selling
             | "the new one" which is supposed to be better.
             | 
             | It was, a lot. But only compared to the old one.
        
             | bigfatkitten wrote:
             | > I've joked that on some services, when you're clicking
             | buttons, you're actually opening tickets that a human needs
             | to action.
             | 
             | I just experienced one startup where the buttons just
             | happen to only work during business hours on the US west
             | coast.
        
             | coredog64 wrote:
             | Infrastructure-as-a-ServiceNow Ticket
        
         | rk06 wrote:
         | The part about prioritizing "aggressive feature velocity" over
         | "core fundamentals" is true.
         | 
         | The push is as insane as push to AI.
         | 
         | At the same time fundamental improvements like migrating to
         | .net core, or reducing logs is actively deprioritised. If it
         | were not for compliance, we would not have any core engineering
         | improvement at all
         | 
         | Honestly, I was not even aware of rust push, probably cause no
         | one in my org could do rust. I am glad we did not move to AKS
         | though
        
         | mettamage wrote:
         | Question: how would you compare it to AWS or GCP?
        
         | kbrkbr wrote:
         | Oh my goodness, yes. And how often their role assumption does
         | not work!
         | 
         | I need privileges to do thing A, so I assume the role, and even
         | though the role is shown as active, the buttons are still
         | greyed out. Sometimes it works after 10 minutes and 7x F5, most
         | often however I do a complete relogin with MFA in an incognito
         | window. Not distracting at all, and even that does not work
         | sometimes.
        
           | hypeatei wrote:
           | Using a magic link[0] from Microsoft refreshes the token
           | instantly, but you have to do in a new tab. It's worked for
           | me anytime permissions don't update after checking out a PIM
           | role.
           | 
           | 0: https://aka.ms/pim/tokenrefresh
        
             | jjkaczor wrote:
             | Thank-you! thank-you, thank-you, thank-you.
             | 
             | [This is the single most helpful tip/link from HN I have
             | ever found, much appreciated]
        
         | bwfan123 wrote:
         | I have been a frustrated user as well. Their services seem to
         | be held together by duct tape. For instance, an online endpoint
         | creation failed after 90minutes with internal-error and no clue
         | what the error is. Support tickets are routed overseas to
         | consultants who dont have a clue - and their job is a daily
         | email keeping the customer warm. All-in-all, and as OP says,
         | its amazing that it is still hanging together. Some services
         | work reliably but not all.
        
       | pavlov wrote:
       | The first couple of paragraphs felt like a parody of a guy who
       | goes to a diner and gets upset the waitress doesn't address him
       | as Dr.
       | 
       | It didn't get any better.
        
         | lokar wrote:
         | His writing style is fairly over the top (he is Swiss, and I
         | have seen this before, but not most of the time), but most of
         | the technical content seems true to me.
        
           | axelriet wrote:
           | In all fairness, you are right :)
        
             | lokar wrote:
             | IME, liechtensteiners are more Swiss than the Swiss
        
       | OldOneEye wrote:
       | Some previous colleague of mine has to work with Azure on their
       | day to day, and everything explained in this article makes a lot
       | of sense when I get to hear about their massive rantings of the
       | platform.
       | 
       | 12 years ago I had to choose whether to specialize myself in AWS,
       | GCP or Azure, and from my very brief foray with Azure I could see
       | it was an absolute mess of broken, slow and click-ops
       | methodology. This article confirms my suspicions at that time,
       | and my colleague experience.
        
       | abtinf wrote:
       | So this is why GitHub is having so many problem...
        
       | _pdp_ wrote:
       | The personal account makes a lot of sense, although I could
       | easily see why the OP was not successful. Even if you are an
       | excellent engineer, making people do things, accept ideas, and in
       | general hear you requires a completely different skill altogether
       | - basically being a good communicator.
       | 
       | The second thing is that this series of blog posts (whether true
       | or not, but still believable) provides a good introduction to
       | vibe coders. These are people who have not written a single line
       | of code themselves and have not worked on any system at scale,
       | yet believe that coding is somehow magically "solved" due to
       | LLMs.
       | 
       | Writing the actual code itself (fully or partially) maybe yes.
       | But understanding the complexity of the system and working with
       | organisational structures that support it is a completely
       | different ball game.
        
         | okanat wrote:
         | > Even if you are an excellent engineer, making people do
         | things, accept ideas, and in general hear you requires a
         | completely different skill altogether - basically being a good
         | communicator.
         | 
         | I was thinking like this for a while but, now, I think this
         | expectation is majorly false for a senior individual
         | contributor. Especially when someone who can push out a
         | detailed series of blogposts and has tried step-wise
         | escalation.
         | 
         | Communication is a two-way street. Unlike the individual
         | contributors, the management is responsible for listening and
         | responding to risk assesments by the senior members and also
         | ensuring that the technical competence and experienced people
         | are retained in a tech company. If a leader doesn't want to
         | keep an open ear, they do not belong there. If there is a huge
         | attrition of highly senior people from non-finalized projects,
         | you do not belong leadership either. Both cases are mentioned
         | in the article.
         | 
         | Unfortunately our socioeconomic and political culture in the
         | West has increasingly removed responsibilities and liabilities
         | from the leadership of the companies. This causes people with
         | lackluster technical, communication and risk assesment
         | mentality being promoted into leadership positions.
         | 
         | So outside of a couple completely privately owned companies or
         | exceptionally well organized NGOs, it will be increasingly
         | difficult to find good leaders.
        
         | grensley wrote:
         | Absolutely textbook "Brilliant Jerk". Dude just whines and
         | whines and whines. If you're so good, why can't you get anybody
         | to work with you?
        
           | dh2022 wrote:
           | I did not get that impression at all. He mentioned quite a
           | few conversations with partner level employees, technical
           | fellow, principal managers.
           | 
           | The impression I got is he tried to fix things, but the mess
           | is so widespread and decision makers are so comfortable in
           | this mess that nobody wants to stick their necks out and fix
           | things. I got strong NASA Challenger vibes when reading this
           | story...
        
             | lokar wrote:
             | My read is he was not Sr enough in the org to drive any
             | effort to improve things, and could not get someone who was
             | to do it either.
        
         | ActorNightly wrote:
         | Even before vide coding this problem existed.
         | 
         | The truth is, only small companies build good stuff. Once a
         | company becomes big enough, the main product that it originally
         | started on is the only good thing that is worth buying from
         | them - all new ventures are bound to be shit, because you are
         | never going to convince people to break out of status quo work
         | patterns that work for the rest of the company.
         | 
         | The only exception to this has been Google, which seems to
         | isolate the individual sectors a lot more and let them have
         | more autonomy, with less focus on revenue.
        
         | AmVess wrote:
         | OP was not successful because they didn't want to fix the
         | problems he discussed. I have been in the same exact situation,
         | and no level of communication skills would have been successful
         | in changing their minds.
        
           | Terretta wrote:
           | Or they did, but they needed/wanted to do something else
           | more.
           | 
           | That's usually based on either (a) more perspective, or (b)
           | lack of foundational depth.
        
             | axelriet wrote:
             | Maybe they didn't have sufficient visibility at the ground
             | level to make proper decisions.
        
         | gtowey wrote:
         | I disagree.
         | 
         | I've worked on honing my communication skills for 20 years in
         | this industry. Every time I have failed to get the desired
         | result, I have gone back to the drawing board to understand how
         | I can change how I'm communicating to better convey meaning,
         | urgency, and all that.
         | 
         | After all that I've finally had an epiphany. They simply don't
         | care. They don't care about quality, about efficiency, about
         | security. They don't care about their users, their employees,
         | they don't care about the long term health of the company. None
         | of it. Engineers who do care will burn out trying to "do their
         | job" in the face of management that doesn't care.
         | 
         | It's getting worse in the tech industry. We've reached the
         | stage where leaders are in it only for themselves. The company
         | is just the vehicle. Calls for quality fall on deaf ears these
         | days.
        
           | hunterpayne wrote:
           | This will explain it too you:
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rStL7niR7gs&list=PLInW-
           | j_Odl...
        
           | pas wrote:
           | yes, so situational awareness is even more fundamental than
           | communication
           | 
           | especially because people hired by people hired by people
           | (....) hired by founders (or delegated by some board that's
           | voted by successful business people) did not get there by
           | being engineering minded.
           | 
           | and this is inconceivable for most engineering minded people!
           | 
           | they don't care because their world, their life, their
           | problems and their solutions are completely devoid of that
           | mindset.
           | 
           | some very convincing founder types try to imitate it, some
           | dropouts who spent a few years around people who have this
           | mindset can also imitate it for a while, but their for them
           | it's just a thing like the government, history, or geography,
           | it's just there, if there's a hill they just go around, they
           | don't want to understand why it's there, what's there, what's
           | under it, what geological processes formed it, why, how, how
           | long it will be there ...
        
           | phillipcarter wrote:
           | Yeah, uhh:
           | 
           | > I've worked on honing my communication skills for 20 years
           | in this industry.
           | 
           | That's because the skills weren't good enough.
        
             | gtowey wrote:
             | So the takeaway isn't how good or bad I may be at
             | communicating, it's that I was fundamentally speaking a
             | language that was wholly orthogonal to the interests of
             | leadership. No matter how good I became at making
             | persuasive arguments about fixing technical debt and
             | preventing outages, the management simply didn't care about
             | those things. They say they they do, because it would sound
             | insane to say otherwise, but they largely keep their goals
             | and motivations clandestine.
             | 
             | Which for many engineers who got into this industry because
             | they loved solving problems, it can be quite a shocking
             | realization.
        
       | arccy wrote:
       | from part 2:
       | 
       | > Worse, early prototypes already pulled in nearly a thousand
       | third-party Rust crates, many of which were transitive
       | dependencies and largely unvetted, posing potential supply-chain
       | risks.
       | 
       | Rust really going for the node ecosystem's crown in package
       | number bloat
        
         | Aperocky wrote:
         | It really is about time that somebody do something about it.
         | 
         | Start with tokio. Please vend one dependency battery included,
         | and vendor in/internalize everything, thanks.
        
           | okanat wrote:
           | There is a difference between individual packages coming out
           | of a single project (or even a single Cargo workspace) vs
           | them coming out of completely different people.
           | 
           | The former isn't a problem, it is actually desirable to have
           | good granularity for projects. The latter is a huge liability
           | and the actual supply chain risk.
           | 
           | For example, Tokio project maintains another popular library
           | called Prost for Protobufs. I don't think having those as two
           | separate libraries with their own set of dependencies is a
           | problem. As long as Tokio developers' expertise and testing
           | culture go into Prost, it is not a big deal to have multiple
           | packages. Similarly different components of the Tokio itself
           | can be different crates, as long as they are built and tested
           | together, them being separate dependencies is GOOD.
           | 
           | Now to use Prost with a gRPC server, I need a different
           | project: tonic which comes from a different vendor: Hyperium.
           | This is an increased supply chain risk that we need to vet.
           | They use Prost. They also use the "h2" crate. Now, I need to
           | vet the code quality and the testing cultute of multiple
           | different organizations.
           | 
           | I have a firm belief that the actual People >>> code,
           | tooling, companies and even licensing. If a project doesn't
           | have (or retain) visionary and experienced developers who can
           | instill good culture, it will ship shit code. So vetting
           | organizations >> vetting indiviual libraries.
        
         | dralley wrote:
         | Rust is nowhere close to Node in terms of package number bloat.
         | Most Rust libraries are actually useful and nontrivial and the
         | supply chain risk is not necessarily as high for the simple
         | reason that many crates are split up into sub-crates.
         | 
         | For example, instead of having one library like "hashlib" that
         | handles all different kinds of hashing algorithms, the most
         | "official" Rust libraries are broken up into one for sha1, one
         | for sha2, one for sha3, one for md5, one for the generic
         | interfaces shared by all of them, etc... but all maintained by
         | the same organization: https://github.com/rustcrypto/
         | 
         | Most crypto libraries do the same. Ripgrep split off aho-
         | corastick and memchr, the regex crate has a separate pcre
         | library, etc.
         | 
         | Maybe that bumps the numbers up if you need more than one
         | algorithm, but predominantly it is still anti-bloat and has a
         | purpose...
        
           | rustystump wrote:
           | While i agree the exact line "rust libraries are useful and
           | non-trivial" i have heard from all over the place as if the
           | value of a library is how complex it is. The rust community
           | has an elitist bent to it or a minority is very vocal.
           | 
           | Supply chain attacks are real for all package registries. The
           | js ones had more todo with registry accounts getting hacked
           | than the compromised libraries being bad or useless.
        
           | egorfine wrote:
           | I am sensing a "is-odd" and "is-even" vibes from that
           | approach.
        
       | vsgherzi wrote:
       | I've said it before and I'll say it again. I'm glad rust has good
       | package management I really am. However given that aspect, it
       | ends up forming a dependency heavy culture. In situations like
       | this it's hard to use dependencies due to the amount of
       | transitive dependencies some items pull in. I really which this
       | would change. Of course this is a social problem so I don't
       | expect a good answer to come of this....
        
         | Aperocky wrote:
         | Environment is part of the package management. As it stand,
         | it's better than npm only because it is in rust.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | That bar is screwed to the floor.
        
       | plantain wrote:
       | I just _do not_ understand how Azure has the scale it does. You
       | only need to login and click around for a bit to see this is not
       | a coherent system designed by competent people. Let alone try and
       | actually build something on it.
       | 
       | Who are the customers? Who is buying this shit?
        
         | whatever1 wrote:
         | The VPs who think that they got a good deal by combining with
         | o365
        
         | zthrowaway wrote:
         | Microsoft shops. Lots of C# devs gravitate to it naturally. I'm
         | glad I abandoned the MS stack over a decade ago.
        
           | matt123456789 wrote:
           | .NET Core runs just as well on ECS though. And C# tooling is
           | rock solid in VS Code on Mac. No need to touch Azure or
           | Windows.
        
         | jmuguy wrote:
         | From my old experience in IT - people just default to Microsoft
         | for everything. They don't want to hassle with learning
         | anything else and assume better the devil you know. Glad I'm
         | out of that world but its wild what people will put up with.
        
         | okanat wrote:
         | People and organizations that built things on top of Microsoft
         | tech. Especially with a long history going back to NT times.
         | 
         | HN, YC, startup environment or academia is a Unix bubble. They
         | all feed into each other. Especially because Linux is gratis
         | which helped all of those to deploy projects/products/papers
         | cheaply. Unix systems traditionally lack much of the upper
         | layers, so it is the responsibility of the company, persons,
         | developers to deal with the OS minutea. You need sysadmins,
         | devops, SREs. Those are common roles again in this Unix bubble.
         | The dependency chains here are usually flatter since it keeps
         | mid-term costs lower.
         | 
         | Other organizations like governments and bigger orgs like banks
         | prioritize having somebody else liable (i.e. they can blame)
         | and they prefer to not hire technical competence in their orgs
         | but rely on other companies. This is where Microsoft gets a lot
         | of clients. You buy a bunch of server licenses. Your Microsoft
         | support person installs them and installs IIS via GUI. And then
         | you just upload your code every now and then. The OS updates,
         | IIS server etc are all the responsibility of Microsoft and the
         | middlemen companies. Minimal competence from the orginal org is
         | required. There are multiple middlemen businesses who all give
         | zero fucks about anything but whatever the immediate downstream
         | from them. This is more usual in already publicly traded huge
         | businesses. Moreover the investors actually mandate certain
         | things that only this kind of layers of irresponsibility can
         | deliver :) So you see this kind of switch happening towards
         | IPOs.
         | 
         | Azure is the cloud labeling and forcing the first paradigm over
         | the second paradigm for Microsoft products. It got lots of
         | support because shareholders liked it. I don't think the
         | original NT design and Microsoft's business model was bad, it
         | actually worked very well. However, shareholders gonna
         | shareholder. So they pushed hard for Microsoft and their
         | clients to move to the "cloud". Microsoft executives saw the
         | huge profit and share value potential of pushing Azure the
         | brand too. It was the AI of 2010s afterall.
        
         | CalRobert wrote:
         | No idea but I think it's in half or more of the job ads I see
         | in the Netherlands. I don't get it.
        
         | accountofthaha wrote:
         | Because for some it works. At least I haven't heard the stories
         | I see here yet at my workplace. Also I use some Azure, but
         | apart from some weird UI bugs never had real big issues.
        
         | p_ing wrote:
         | If you put me in front of AWS I'd have the same reaction. Or
         | GCP for that matter, where I did have your reaction.
         | 
         | It's familiarity and knowing how the beast operates. I know how
         | to read the docs and understand the licensing.
         | 
         | Any one piece of software could be a pile of shit with a
         | terrible UX, but you're going to find those who are so familiar
         | with it that everything else looks alien.
        
         | nijave wrote:
         | Google and especially Amazon/AWS compete with a lot of large
         | companies which drive them towards Oracle, IBM and Microsoft as
         | escape hatches.
         | 
         | For instance, Walmart doesn't want to pay their largest
         | competitor.
        
         | bwfan123 wrote:
         | > You only need to login and click around for a bit to see this
         | is not a coherent system designed by competent people
         | 
         | Ironically, the book "Hit Refresh" hit a nerve that every azure
         | web-page has a refresh button. Isnt that dating back to web 1.0
         | ?
        
         | markus_zhang wrote:
         | If you are a Microsoft shop then most likely you are on Azure.
         | Your CFO would love the costs saved.
        
       | Frannky wrote:
       | I was always very curious why people are using azure. Clunky
       | difficult to setup and crazy prices. I know a person being very
       | happy with them because of the credits they gave it to him. I
       | felt I probably don't have a model that explains what is going on
       | there and that would be cool to know why people pay them vs the
       | competion
        
         | diamondage wrote:
         | In my experience Azure endpoint versus openAI endpoint was way
         | faster and significantly cheaper.
        
       | gamblor956 wrote:
       | TLDR: It turns out that Nadella despite being an engineer is
       | actually quite bad at managing engineering. Who would have
       | thought?
        
         | tuan wrote:
         | I thought he was a PM.
        
       | outworlder wrote:
       | Well, part 3 at least explains something I've observed; the
       | platform is incredibly unstable. The same calls, with the same
       | parameters, will often randomly fail with HTTP 400 errors, only
       | to succeed later(hopefully without involving support). That made
       | provisioning with terraform a nightmare.
       | 
       | I won't even dive too much into all the braindead decisions.
       | Mixing SKUs often isn't allowed if some components are 'premium'
       | and others are not, and not everything is compatible with all
       | instances. In AWS, if I have any EBS volume I can attach it to
       | any instance, even if it is not optimal. There's no faffing about
       | "premium SKUs". You won't lose internet connectivity because you
       | attached a private load balancer to an instance. Etc...
       | 
       | At my company, I've told folks that are trying to estimate
       | projects on Azure to take whatever time they spent on AWS or GCP
       | and multiply by 5, and that's the Azure estimate. A POC may take
       | a similar amount of time as any other cloud, but not all of the
       | Azure footguns will show themselves until you scale up.
        
       | Manouchehri wrote:
       | I've seen Azure OpenAI leak other customer's prompt responses to
       | us under heavy load.
       | 
       | https://x.com/DaveManouchehri/status/2037001748489949388
       | 
       | Nobody seems to care.
        
         | jmogly wrote:
         | This is insane, when you say azure OpenAI, do you mean like
         | github copilot, microsoft copilot, hitting openai's api, or
         | some openai llm hosted on azure offering that you hit through
         | azure? This is some real wild west crap!
        
           | nkozyra wrote:
           | The latter, their arrangement with OpenAI enabled this.
        
           | pratyushnair01 wrote:
           | I have noticied a similar bug on Copilot. I noticed a chat
           | session with questions that I had no recollection of asking.
           | I wonder if it's related. I brushed it off as the question
           | was generic.
        
             | Manouchehri wrote:
             | I would guess that Copilot uses Azure OpenAI.
             | 
             | In my small sample size of a bit over a 100 accidentally
             | leaked messages, many/most of them are programming related
             | questions.
             | 
             | It's easy to brush it off as just LLM hallucinations. Azure
             | OpenAI actually shows me how many input tokens were billed,
             | and how many input tokens checked by the content filter.
             | For these leaked responses, I was only billed for 8 input
             | tokens, yet the content filter (correctly) checked >40,000
             | chars of input token (which was my actual prompt's size).
        
           | SahAssar wrote:
           | I'd assume they mean https://azure.microsoft.com/en-
           | us/products/ai-foundry/models...
        
             | Manouchehri wrote:
             | Correct.
        
         | AmVess wrote:
         | That is absolutely insane.
        
           | Manouchehri wrote:
           | Yeah, I saw over 100 leaked messages.
           | 
           | Fun ones include people trying to get GPT to write malware.
           | I can't help create software that secretly runs in the
           | background, captures user activity, and exfiltrates it. That
           | would meaningfully facilitate malware/spyware behavior.
           | If your goal is legitimate monitoring, security testing, or
           | administration on systems you own and where users have given
           | informed consent, I can help with safe alternatives, for
           | example:            - Build a visible Windows tray app that:
           | - clearly indicates it is running         - requires explicit
           | opt-in         - stores logs locally         - uploads only
           | to an approved internal server over TLS       - Create an
           | endpoint telemetry agent for:         - process inventory
           | - service health         - crash reporting         - device
           | posture/compliance       - Implement parental-control or
           | employee-monitoring software with:         - consent banners
           | - audit logs         - uninstall instructions         -
           | privacy controls and data retention settings            I can
           | also help with defensive or benign pieces individually, such
           | as:            - C# Windows Service or tray application
           | structure       - Secure HTTPS communication with certificate
           | validation       - Code signing and MSI installer creation
           | - Local encrypted logging       - Consent UI and settings
           | screens       - Safe process auditing using official Windows
           | APIs       - How to send authorized telemetry to your own
           | server            If you want, I can provide a safe template
           | for a visible C# tray app that periodically sends approved
           | system-health telemetry to your server
        
         | holden_nelson wrote:
         | Hope that person with the chest pain went to the doctor
        
           | axelriet wrote:
           | ?
        
         | mememememememo wrote:
         | Should be a high severity incident if data isoation has failed
         | anywhere. And that is for SaaS let alone cloud provider.
        
         | mememememememo wrote:
         | Did you anomomize those? Did Azure dox them or send the
         | templated version?
        
           | Manouchehri wrote:
           | Azure sent them to me like that.
           | 
           | I only saw two companies mentioned in the messages I got
           | back. I reached out to both to try to confirm, but never
           | heard back.
        
         | CobrastanJorji wrote:
         | If this is real, the scary part isn't that it happened. The
         | scary part is Microsoft not acknowledging/publishing/warning
         | that it happened. "We gave your data to other people" is one of
         | those things you should really tell people.
        
       | throwawayslop12 wrote:
       | Power Platform is of the same quality, I'd avoid it if possible.
       | 
       | I was a principal engineer in the Power Platform org and it
       | always felt like a disorganized mess. Multiple reorganizations
       | per year, changing priorities and service ownership.
        
         | Foobar8568 wrote:
         | These days, at work, I need to support applications build on
         | Azure and Power Platform. Both are a hot mess. We get
         | notifications that our APIM is down for at least 15min every
         | weeks at random times. Power Platform is just a "preview" mess,
         | things break and are not functional.
         | 
         | I complained about it and basically was told to shut up, the
         | industry is using them, so they must be right.
         | 
         | No one is testing anything anymore.
        
           | jojobas wrote:
           | It's a bit astounding to realize Ballmer was _good_.
        
           | truekonrads wrote:
           | What were the issues behind "APIM down"?
        
         | snarfy wrote:
         | Nothing has changed.
        
       | thelastgallon wrote:
       | > That entire 122-strong org was knee-deep in impossible
       | ruminations involving porting Windows to Linux to support their
       | existing VM management agents.
       | 
       | > My day-one problem was therefore not to ramp up on new
       | technology, but rather to convince an entire org, up to my skip-
       | skip-level, that they were on a death march.
       | 
       | > I later researched this further and found that no one at
       | Microsoft, not a single soul, could articulate why up to 173
       | agents were needed to manage an Azure node
       | 
       | This is most corporates. I'm sure this was celebrated as as a
       | successful project and congratulations to everyone, along with
       | big bonuses, RSU, raises, and promotions, mostly to other orgs to
       | bring this kind of 'success' to other projects (or other
       | companies). These people mostly are gone in less than 2 years.
       | They continue to take 'wins'.
       | 
       | The VPs are dumb as shit, but they need 'successful' projects
       | that have fancy names that they can present to their exec team.
       | 
       | The 173 agents are to give wins to a large number of people and
       | teams, all these people contributed to this successful project.
       | 
       | If it continues, there will be a lessons learned powerpoint,
       | followed by 10x growth in headcount, promotions to everyone and
       | double down. 270 people can deliver a baby in 1 day and all that.
        
         | thelastgallon wrote:
         | In part 2
         | 
         | > This group was now tasked with moving their inherited stack
         | to the new Azure Boost accelerator environment, an effort
         | Microsoft had publicly implied was well underway at Ignite
         | conferences since 2023.
         | 
         | The goal is to attach your projects to something announced by
         | the CEO and ride the career rocketship!
        
         | nijave wrote:
         | Can almost guarantee there were 173 agents because there were
         | 173 silo'd teams with competing goals and priorities working on
         | their own codebases in isolation.
         | 
         | And no, a 174th team doesn't solve it. Communication and
         | collaboration across teams is key
        
       | g_host wrote:
       | "The company formalized the idea that defects could be fixed
       | through human intervention on live production systems"
       | 
       | Uh...yeah. I think we all realized that years ago.
        
       | g_host wrote:
       | "The company formalized the idea that defects could be fixed
       | through human intervention on live production systems" (From Part
       | 5).
       | 
       | Uh...yeah. I think we all realized that years ago.
        
         | axelriet wrote:
         | Great but then you tie your growth to the support people
         | headcount. Normally you would see enormous costs upfront for
         | R&D and bringing the thing up, then marginal costs when adding
         | capacity (the hardware, mostly)--if capacity is proportional to
         | the number of humans looking after the system, you will soon
         | hit a limit, and the cost won't look good either.
        
       | kshri24 wrote:
       | The only time I used Azure was for setting up Microsoft as a
       | provider for authentication. Put me through a never-ending loop
       | of asking for a Government of India issued document that was
       | already submitted. Human support was non-existent. Decided never
       | to use Azure in any product after that horrible experience.
       | 
       | If you cannot even get auth right I shudder to think what the
       | rest of the product will be like to deal with should issues
       | arise.
        
       | bradleyankrom wrote:
       | My most memorable anecdote from working in Azure is that they had
       | two products named Purview and the internal MS people I talked to
       | never figured out which one I was trying to use.
        
         | egorfine wrote:
         | Astronauts have the same problem now.
        
       | sakesun wrote:
       | > Few engineers could reliably build the software locally
       | 
       | I've just listened to Longhorn story on Monday and have heard the
       | same thing.
        
         | acheong08 wrote:
         | Could you link the story by any chance? I've been using
         | Longhorn for a while and on one particular system, it has an
         | odd tendency to corrupt XFS.
        
           | sakesun wrote:
           | Probably this one https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpRZ8BQiiMo
        
       | purpleidea wrote:
       | Microsoft Azure has always been a clown show. I've found so many
       | obvious bugs. The quality is not there and never will be. No
       | serious companies rely on it. Use virtually any other vendor or
       | host it yourself.
        
       | ChicagoDave wrote:
       | I was a career Microsoft stack developer until Azure. Comparing
       | it to AWS immediately forced me to make a decision to move away
       | from their stack and towards AWS.
       | 
       | Just the networking and security infrastructure was complete
       | trash compared to how those things worked in AWS.
       | 
       | Not one regret in my decision.
        
       | jamwhite wrote:
       | This read was a blast from the past. I'm not going to comment on
       | much from OP and instead give a little of my experience there.
       | 
       | Straight out of college in 2017 I joined the Compute Fabric
       | Controller (FC) org as a SWE on an absolutely wonderful team that
       | dealt with mostly container management, VM and Host fault
       | handling & repair policies, and Fabric to Host communication with
       | most of our code in the FC. I drove our team's efforts on the
       | never ending "Unhealthy" node workstream, the final catch-all
       | bucket in the Host fault handler mentioned in OP. I also did
       | heavy work in optimizing repair policies, reactive diagnostics
       | for improved repairs and offline analysis, OS and HW telemetry
       | ingestion from the Host like SEL events into the repair manager
       | in real time, wrote the core repair manager state machine in the
       | new AZ level service that we decoupled from the Fabric, drove
       | Kernel Soft Reboot (KSR)/Tardigrade as a repair action for
       | minimal VM impact for some host repairs, and helped stand up into
       | eventually owning a new warm path RCA attribution service to help
       | drive the root underlying causes of reliability issues and feed
       | some offline analysis back into the live repair manager.
       | 
       | The work was difficult but also really really interesting. For
       | example, Balancing repair policies around reliability is tricky.
       | There's a constant fight in repair policies in grey situations
       | between minimizing total VM downtime vs any VM
       | interruptions/reboots/heals at all, because the repair controller
       | doesn't have perfect information. If telemetry is pointing to VMs
       | being degraded or down on the host, yet in reality they're not,
       | we are the ones inducing the VM downtime by performing an
       | impactful repair. If we wait a little while before taking an
       | impactful repair action, it may be a transient issue that will
       | resolve itself in the moment, at which point we can do much less
       | impactful repairs after like Live Migration if the host is
       | healthy enough. On the flipside, if some telemetry is saying the
       | VMs are up yet they're down in reality and we just don't know it
       | yet, taking time to collect diagnostics and then take a repair
       | action(s) leads to only more overall total downtime.
       | 
       | When I joined in 2017 our team was 7 or 8 people including
       | myself, yet had enough work for at least double that amount of
       | people. On-call was a nightmare the first 2 years. Building Azure
       | back then was like trying to build a car while already sitting
       | behind the steering wheel of that car as it was already barreling
       | down the highway. Everyone on my immediate team the first couple
       | years were a joy to work with, highly competent, hard working,
       | and all of us working absurd hours. For me 60hrs/wk was avg, with
       | many weeks ~80 and a few weeks ~100. Other than the hours though,
       | it was a splendid team environment and I'd like to think we had
       | good engineering culture within our team, though maybe I'm
       | biased. Engineering culture and quality did however vary
       | substantially between orgs and teams. We were heavily under
       | resourced and always needed more headcount, as did nearly every
       | other team in Azure Compute. That never changed during my tenure
       | even though my team's size ballooned to ~20 by 2020, and
       | eventually big enough to where we had to split the team. There
       | was high turnover from the lack of headcount and overwork which
       | was somewhat alleviated by lowering the hiring bar... which
       | obviously opened up another can of worms. This resourcing issue
       | might explain, in part, why Azure is the way it is. We were
       | always playing catchup as a result of the woes of chronic
       | understaffing for years. I eventually burnt out which turned into
       | spiraling mental health, physical health issues, constant panic
       | attacks, and then a full blown mental health crisis after which I
       | took LOA and eventually left the company. I came back briefly for
       | a bit during LOA, and learned that the RCA service I'd built with
       | the help of a coworker (who also left Azure) and was only a small
       | part of our overall workload, had turned into a full fledged team
       | of 9 people dedicated to working on that service in my absence. I
       | know that stating some of this might affect my employment in the
       | future but I don't really care. I know I'm not alone in
       | experiencing burnout working in Azure. It wasn't my manager's
       | fault either, he was amazing. He'd often ask and I would
       | incorrectly yet confidently reassure him that I wasn't burning
       | out but I simply didn't notice the signs. Things are better now
       | though and I'm just happy to be here.
       | 
       | Kudos to the many brilliant people I worked alongside there, I
       | hope you're all doing great.
        
         | jojobas wrote:
         | 2 years of 60+ hours weeks is not good engineering culture, or
         | any kind of culture.
        
           | guenthert wrote:
           | Particularly when simultaneously "We are currently in YC
           | Startup School as Geddy at geddy.io and we plan to launch
           | soon."
        
         | bytefish wrote:
         | The first and most important lesson, that I try to each every
         | young developer starting in the industry: Go home after
         | clocking in your hours negotiated in your contract. Drop your
         | pen. Go home. Sleep well.
         | 
         | And I hope, that every sensible senior developer in here does
         | the same. Lead by example. Maybe it would prevent a few
         | burnouts in this industry.
         | 
         | And if you are a manager, then send your people home after they
         | have clocked in their negotiated hours. For their own well-
         | being. It's your responsibility. And if it's not working, then
         | force them to go home.
         | 
         | I hope you are better by now and got through the tough time.
         | All the best for you!
        
           | senderista wrote:
           | Good luck with that when you're oncall.
        
         | nijave wrote:
         | >There was high turnover
         | 
         | This is a huge knowledge drain. You're constantly spending time
         | getting new engineers up to speed and it takes years to relearn
         | all the nuances the last person knew.
         | 
         | You're in a constant cycle of re-learning the hard way instead
         | of proactively applying experience.
        
       | xyst wrote:
       | til: there's individuals/people that "trusted" azure at all
       | 
       | I only used that shit platform because some Microsoft consultant
       | convinced idiotic C-suite that Azure was the future.
        
       | jimbobimbo wrote:
       | When things must be shipped quickly, shit breaks and corners are
       | cut; large orgs are full of disfunction. Not sure if such insight
       | was worth of setting your own career on fire.
        
       | Yoofie wrote:
       | > Few engineers could reliably build the software locally;
       | debugger usage was rare (I ended up writing the team's first how-
       | to guide in 2024); and automated test coverage sat below 40%.
       | 
       | A key clue and explains why so much of what Microsoft puts out is
       | garbage. Wow.
        
         | markus_zhang wrote:
         | TBH user as beta tester is probably an official policy. Why
         | debug when someone debugs for you?
        
       | CalRobert wrote:
       | What makes anyone start a new project and think "I know, I'll use
       | Azure!"? I really don't get it. Do they have a great sales org?
       | Is it because a phb thinks "well they made Office so it must be
       | good"?
       | 
       | I interviewed with a Dutch energy company migrating infra from
       | AWS -to- Azure and I have no idea what would make them do that
       | (aside from inertia, but then why use Azure in the first place?)
       | 
       | And for some reason Azure usage is rampant in Europe.
        
         | jstanley wrote:
         | They give free credit to startups if you fill in a few forms.
        
           | CalRobert wrote:
           | so does AWS and GCP... but pretty bad if that's the deciding
           | criteria.
        
         | exac wrote:
         | At one startup I was in, Azure sales proactively reached out to
         | the CEO on LinkedIn and then we were urged to swap off to it.
        
         | derwiki wrote:
         | At the startup I worked at in 2023, Azure was considered the
         | only "safe" way to use OpenAI APIs in prod (eg agreements that
         | the data couldn't be used for training).
         | 
         | Working with Azure was one of the worst parts of that job.
        
         | slyall wrote:
         | Where I live (New Zealand) Microsoft is a much larger
         | percentage of IT infrastructure than say Bay Areas startups.
         | 
         | Companies are already used to working with Microsoft. Building
         | on Microsoft's cloud feels natural.
        
         | Tarq0n wrote:
         | A lot of enterprise orgs are completely helpless without
         | Microsofts' identity solutions. That's what makes it easy to
         | just adopt more and more Microsoft products.
        
         | progbits wrote:
         | In some places the purchasing decisions are not made by
         | technical people. The infrastructure team gets azure budget and
         | that's what they have to work with.
         | 
         | At my work the sales people regularly come to us with some
         | azure discount they got offered on linkedin or some event.
         | Luckily I have the power to tell them to fuck off.
        
         | irusensei wrote:
         | Companies coming from Active Directory and Office.
        
         | tgv wrote:
         | It's CYA. Nobody ever got fired for buying IBM, the old saying
         | went. And it was true. Perhaps they should have, but they
         | weren't. Nowadays, Oracle and MS have taken that position. They
         | have the "share of mind," a PR concept that unfortunately
         | succinctly expresses the problem. Someone proposes MS or
         | Oracle, and everybody nods because they've heard about it. If
         | that causes problems, other people will have to solve them
         | anyway.
        
           | CalRobert wrote:
           | I have literally never met a competent person who takes MS or
           | Oracle seriously.
           | 
           | I confess, I'm a little salty. It's just insane how
           | widespread Azure is when there's no obvious reason to prefer
           | it. Of course, having the whole market be dominated by 3
           | giant American companies (even in Europe) is annoying in its
           | own right.
        
         | nijave wrote:
         | The one place I worked that used it - got a bunch of free
         | credits for signing up - had some license agreement for some
         | Microsoft service (Teams Oath App or something similar) where a
         | certain percentage of the infra had to be hosted on Azure
         | 
         | Don't remember the details of #2, just that they were a
         | "Microsoft partner" of some sort which was beneficial to
         | integrating with the Microsoft apps the product depended on and
         | appearing as an app in the marketplace. The company built
         | software that ingested IM/chat data from corporations (Teams
         | and I think something older)
        
         | foobiekr wrote:
         | I work for a 300+B company that spends nearly $1b a year on
         | AWS.
         | 
         | Microsoft engaged in a relentless romance campaign with our
         | loser EVP and one of his reports for months giving him the cool
         | LinkedIn post opportunities that weak executives crave.
         | 
         | Eventually he started pushing engineering to move to Azure.
         | 
         | We have not yet (many bullets dodged so far) but it's there and
         | a periodic major time sink entirely due to manipulation and
         | flattery.
         | 
         | The entire "multicloud" push was a marketing effort by
         | Microsoft to try and undermine exec faith in their "what? No,
         | that's a shit ton of work with zero return on investment"
         | engineering teams.
        
         | pragmatic wrote:
         | Lot of SMBs run sql server and .net
         | 
         | lift and shift into the cloud used to be the path of last
         | resistance on Azure.
        
         | 12_throw_away wrote:
         | > What makes anyone start a new project and think "I know, I'll
         | use Azure!"?
         | 
         | Because your org is likely already paying for O365 and "Entra
         | ID" or whatever they call it nowadays, and so it seems like
         | this will all integrate nicely and give you a unified system
         | with consistent identity management across all domains. It
         | won't - omg, believe me it will NOT - but you don't find that
         | out until it's too late.
        
       | branko_d wrote:
       | I think this is especially problematic (from Part 4 at
       | https://isolveproblems.substack.com/p/how-microsoft-vaporize...):
       | 
       |  _" The team had reached a point where it was too risky to make
       | any code refactoring or engineering improvements. I submitted
       | several bug fixes and refactoring, notably using smart pointers,
       | but they were rejected for fear of breaking something."_
       | 
       | Once you reach this stage, the only escape is to first cover
       | everything with tests and then meticulously fix bugs, without
       | shipping any new features. This can take a long time, and cannot
       | happen without the full support from the management who do not
       | fully understand the problem nor are incentivized to understand
       | it.
        
         | idorosen wrote:
         | Or to simplify the product and rebuild.
        
           | axelriet wrote:
           | Exactly. But he's right about management, first the problem
           | must be acknowledged and that may make some people look bad.
        
           | teeray wrote:
           | "Rebuild" is also a four-letter word though at this stage
           | too. The customer has a panel of knob-and-tube wiring and
           | aluminum paper-wrapped wire in the house. They want a new hot
           | tub. They don't want some electrician telling them they need
           | to completely rewire their house first at huge expense, such
           | that they cannot afford the hot tub anymore. They'll just
           | throw the electrician out and get some kid in a pickup truck
           | ("You're Absolutely Right Handyman LLC") to run a lamp cord
           | to their new hot tub. Once the house burns to the ground, the
           | new owners will wire their new construction correctly.
        
         | gherkinnn wrote:
         | Once you reach this stage, the only escape is to jump ship.
         | Either mentally or, ideally, truly.
         | 
         | You're in an unwinnable position. Don't take the brunt for
         | management's mistakes. Don't try to fix what you have no agency
         | over.
        
           | chii wrote:
           | unfortunately, what you will find is that unless you get
           | lucky, the next ship is more of the same.
           | 
           | The system/management style is ingrained in corporate culture
           | of large-ish companies (i would say if it has more than 2
           | layers of management from you to someone owning the equity of
           | the business and calling the shots, it's "large").
           | 
           | It stems from the fact that when an executive is bestowed the
           | responsibility of managing a company from the shareholders,
           | the responsibility is diluted, and the agent-principle
           | problem rears their ugly head. When several more layers of
           | this starts growing in a large company, the divergence and
           | the path of least resistance is to have zero trust in the
           | "subordinates", lest they make a choice that is contrary to
           | what their managers want.
           | 
           | The only way to make good software is to have a small, nimble
           | organization, where the craftsman (doing the work) makes the
           | call, gets the rewards, and suffers the consequences (if
           | any). That aligns the agent-principle together.
        
             | cineticdaffodil wrote:
             | Hierachy is the enemy of succeding projects and information
             | flow. The more important and complex hierarchy in a culture
             | the less likely it is to have a working software industry.
             | Germanys and japanese endless :"old vs young, seniority vs
             | new, internal vs external, company wide management vs
             | project local management come to mind. Its guerilla vs
             | army, startup vs company allover..
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | As someone on DACH space, the internal/external goes to
               | the extreme of not being allowed any company
               | infrastructure used by the internals, including some
               | basic stuff like the coffee machine, or canteen.
               | 
               | I had team lunches that only happened, because naturally
               | the team couldn't care less about the regulations, and
               | found workarounds, like meeting by "chance" on the same
               | place, and apparently there were no other set of tables
               | available.
        
         | praptak wrote:
         | This isn't incentivized in corporate environment.
         | 
         | Noticed how "the talent left after the launch" is mentioned in
         | the article? Same problem. You don't get rewarded for cleaning
         | up mess (despite lip service from management) nor for
         | maintaining the product after the launch. Only big launches
         | matter.
         | 
         | The other corporate problem is that it takes time before the
         | cleanup produces measurable benefits and you may as well get
         | reorged before this happens.
        
           | InsideOutSanta wrote:
           | This is the root of the issue. For something like Azure,
           | people are nor fungible. You need to retain them for decades,
           | and carefully grow the team, training new members over a long
           | period until they can take on serious responsibilities.
           | 
           | But employees are rewarded for showing quick wins and
           | changing jobs rapidly, and employers are rewarded for getting
           | rid of high earners (i.e. senior, long-term employees).
        
             | delusional wrote:
             | > For something like Azure, people are nor fungible
             | 
             | What I've learned from a decade in the industry is that
             | talent is never fungible in low-demand areas. It's
             | surprisingly hard to find people that "get it" and produce
             | something worthwhile together.
        
               | auggierose wrote:
               | What is a low-demand area?
        
               | delusional wrote:
               | A geographic area where there's not abundant opportunity
               | for software developers. Usually everywhere outside the
               | major metro areas. It was primarily meant to discount
               | experiences from SF or Seattle where I'm sure finding
               | talent is easy enough, assuming you are willing to pay.
        
               | grvdrm wrote:
               | I thought of this not as geographic but in terms of
               | what's sexy vs not. Low Demand = not
        
               | chasd00 wrote:
               | Right, like running a sanitation department for a city.
               | Who wants to do that? No one, but it's pretty important
               | and everyone will raise hell and almost riot when it's
               | not working.
        
               | grvdrm wrote:
               | Totally. I'm in insurance. So much is unsexy but
               | critical. And that's where you see a lot of folks
               | churning on core systems, process, etc that makes
               | insurance actually work vs any headline
               | tech/investment/AI stuff. Don't get me wrong - wins there
               | too. But 22 year old Harvard grads aren't going for
               | underwriting assistant jobs (to use an example)
        
               | silvestrov wrote:
               | I would say "systems design" rather than low-demand.
               | 
               | People who can "reduce" a big system to build on a few
               | simple concepts are few and far between. Most people just
               | add more stuff instead.
        
               | aeonik wrote:
               | I think those people are around, they are just not
               | rewarded by this kind of system. They can propose plans
               | and fixes, they just don't get implemented.
        
               | srirangr wrote:
               | "Simplicity is a great virtue but it requires hard work
               | to achieve it and education to appreciate it. And to make
               | matters worse: complexity sells better." - Edsger Wybe
               | Dijkstra
        
               | markus_zhang wrote:
               | When things become too complicated, no one dares to make
               | new systems. And if you don't make new systems ofc you
               | have to learn system design the other way around -- by
               | fixing every bug of existing systems.
        
               | jimbokun wrote:
               | Simple ain't Easy
               | 
               | - Rich Hickey
        
               | Joel_Mckay wrote:
               | There are often retention problems with lean budgets, and
               | after training staff they often do just leave for a more
               | lucrative position.
               | 
               | Loyalty will often not be rewarded, as most have seen
               | companies purge decade long senior staff a year before
               | going public.
               | 
               | It is very easy to become cynical about the mythology of
               | silicon valley. =3
        
             | markus_zhang wrote:
             | This is a human problem. We humans praise the doctors that
             | can put the patients with terminal illnesses alive for
             | extended periods, but ignore those who tell us the
             | principles to prevent getting those illnesses in the first
             | place. We throw flowers and money to doctors who treat
             | cancers, but do we do the same to the ones who tell us
             | principles to avoid cancers? No.
             | 
             | The same for MSFT or any other similar problem. Humans only
             | care when the house is on fire -- in the modern Capitalism
             | it means the stock goes down 50%, and then they will have
             | the will to make changes.
             | 
             | That's also why reforms rarely succeeded, and the ones that
             | succeeded usually follows a huge shitstorm when people
             | begged for changes.
        
               | 72f988bf wrote:
               | > Humans only care when the house is on fire
               | 
               | In corporate context it's because that's, in theory, an
               | effective use of resources:
               | 
               | If 20 teams are constantly "there is a huge risk of
               | fire", a lot of mental energy is wasted figuring out how
               | to stack rank those 20 and how real of a fire risk there
               | is. If instead you wait when there is a real fire, you
               | can get the 15 teams actually fixing that one.
               | 
               | In practice, you've probably noticed that the most
               | politics-playing & winning teams are the teams which are
               | really effective at :
               | 
               | 1) faking fires
               | 
               | 2) exaggerating minor fires
               | 
               | 3) moving fast & breaking things on purpose (or at least
               | as a nice side effect) to create more fires in their area
               | of ownership* , and get rewarded with more visibility &
               | headcount to fix those fires.
               | 
               | * As long as they have firm grip of that area... If they
               | don't, they risk having it re-orged to another team.
        
               | markus_zhang wrote:
               | Yeah the more "honest" side at least tried to fix it
               | after the fire. The demagogue ones like to fake fire and
               | move fast.
        
           | cineticdaffodil wrote:
           | Its a cool talent filter though, if you higher people the set
           | of people that quit on doomed projects and how fast they quit
           | is a real great indicator of technological evaluation skills.
        
           | steveBK123 wrote:
           | > You don't get rewarded for cleaning up mess (despite lip
           | service from management) nor for maintaining the product
           | after the launch
           | 
           | I have never worked at a shop or on a codebase where "move
           | fast & break things, then fix it later" ever got to the "fix
           | it later" party. I've worked at large orgs with large old
           | codebases where the % of effort needed for BAU / KTLO slowly
           | climbs to 100%. Usually some combination of tech debt
           | accumulation, staffing reduction, and scale/scope increases
           | pushing the existing system to its limits.
           | 
           | This is related to a worry I have about AI. I hear a lot of
           | expectations that we're just going to increase code velocity
           | 5x from people that have never maintained a product before.
           | 
           | So moving faster & breaking more things (accumulating more
           | tech debt) will probably have more rapid catastrophic
           | outcomes for products in this new phase. Then we will have
           | some sort of butlerian jihad or agile v2.
        
             | asdfman123 wrote:
             | People are still trying to figure out how to use AI. Right
             | now the meme is it's used by juniors to churn out slop, but
             | I think people will start to recognize it's far more
             | powerful in the hands of competent senior devs.
             | 
             | It actually surprised me that you can use AI to write even
             | better code: tell it to write a test to catch the suspected
             | bug, then tell it to fix the bug, then have it write
             | documentation. Maybe also split out related functionality
             | into a new file while you're at it.
             | 
             | I might have skipped all that pre-AI, but now all that
             | takes 15 minutes. And the bonus creating more
             | understandable code allows AI to fix even more bugs. So it
             | could actually become a virtuous cycle of using AI to clean
             | up debt to understand more code.
             | 
             | In fact, right now, we're selling technical debt cleanup
             | projects that I've been begging for for years as "we have
             | to do this so the codebase will be more understandable by
             | AI."
        
           | Agingcoder wrote:
           | You do but you then make a career out of it : you become the
           | fixer ( and it can be a very good career , either technical
           | or managerial)
        
           | jimbokun wrote:
           | Meanwhile, failure to clean up this particular mess was a key
           | factor in losing a trillion dollars in market cap, according
           | to the author.
        
           | philipallstar wrote:
           | > This isn't incentivized in corporate environment.
           | 
           | Course it is. But only by the winners who reward the
           | employees who do the valuable work. Microsoft has all sorts
           | of stupid reasons why they have lots of customers - all
           | basically proxies for their customers' IT staff being used to
           | administrating Microsoft-based systems - but if they mess up
           | the core reasons to use a cloud enough they will fail.
        
         | dbdr wrote:
         | > I submitted several bug fixes and refactoring, notably using
         | smart pointers, but they were rejected for fear of breaking
         | something.
         | 
         | And that, my friends, is why you want a memory safe language
         | with as many static guarantees as possible checked
         | automatically by the compiler.
        
           | axelriet wrote:
           | I was waiting for that comment :) Remember that everybody,
           | eventually, calls into code written in C.
        
             | dbdr wrote:
             | If 90% of the code I run is in safe rust (including the
             | part that's new and written by me, therefore most likely to
             | introduce bugs) and 10% is in C or unsafe rust, are you
             | saying that has no value?
             | 
             | Il meglio e l'inimico del bene. Le mieux est l'ennemi du
             | bien. Perfect is the enemy of good.
        
               | axelriet wrote:
               | That is an unexpected interpretation. Use the best tool
               | for the job, also factoring what you (and your org) are
               | comfortable with.
        
             | tux3 wrote:
             | If you're sufficiently stubborn, it's certainly possible to
             | call directly into code written in Verilog, held together
             | with inscrutable Perl incantations.
             | 
             | High-level languages like C certainly have their place, but
             | the space seems competitive these days. Who knows where the
             | future will lead.
        
               | axelriet wrote:
               | You didn't miss the smiley, did you? :)
        
               | tux3 wrote:
               | I didn't miss the smiley =)
        
               | p_l wrote:
               | If you want something extra spicy, there are devices out
               | there that implement CORBA in silicon (or at least FPGA),
               | exposing a remote object accessible using CORBA
        
             | pjmlp wrote:
             | Depends on which OS we are talking about.
             | 
             | I know a few where that doesn't hold, including some still
             | being paid for in 2026.
        
             | milesvp wrote:
             | It's worse than that. Eventually everybody calls into code
             | that hits hardware. That is the level that the compiler
             | (ironically?) can no longer make guarantees. Registers
             | change outside the scope of the currently running program
             | all the time. Reading a register can cause other registers
             | on a chip to change. Random chips with access to a shared
             | memory bus can modify the memory that the comipler deduced
             | was static. There be dragons everywhere at the hardware
             | layer and no compiler can ever reason correctly about all
             | of them, because, guess what, rev2 of the hardware could
             | swap a footprint compatible chip clone that has
             | undocumented behavior that. So even if you gave all you
             | board information to the compiler, the program could only
             | be verifiably correct for one potential state of one
             | potential hardware rev.
        
               | saghm wrote:
               | Sure, but eliminating bugs isn't a binary where you
               | either eliminate all of them or it's a useless endeavor.
               | There's a lot of value in eliminating a lot of bugs, even
               | if it's not all of them, and I'd argue that empirically
               | Rust does actually make it easier to avoid quite a large
               | number of bugs that are often found in C code in spite of
               | what you're saying.
               | 
               | To be clear, I'm not saying that I think it would
               | necessarily be a good idea to try to rewrite an existing
               | codebase that a team apparently doesn't trust they
               | actually understand. There are a lot of other factors
               | that would go into deciding to do a rewrite than just
               | "would the new language be a better choice in a vaccuum",
               | and I tend to be somewhat skeptical that rewriting
               | something that's already widely being used will be
               | possible in a way that doesn't end up risking breaking
               | something for existing users. That's pretty different
               | from "the language literally doesn't matter because you
               | can't verify every possible bug on arbitrary hardware"
               | though.
        
               | axelriet wrote:
               | The hardware only understand addresses and offsets, aka
               | pointers :)
        
               | mlsu wrote:
               | All the more reason to have memory safety on top.
        
           | mike_hearn wrote:
           | Hence the rewrite-it-in-Rust initiative, presumably.
           | Management were aware of this problem at some level but chose
           | a questionable solution. I don't think rewriting everything
           | in Rust is at all compatible with their feature timelines or
           | severe shortages of systems programming talent.
        
             | cineticdaffodil wrote:
             | In a rewrite you can smuggle in a quality lift
        
           | bayindirh wrote:
           | They could have started with simple Valgrind sessions before
           | moving to Rust though. Massive number of agents means
           | microservices, and microservices are suitable for
           | profiling/testing like that.
        
             | pjmlp wrote:
             | Visual Studio has had quite some tooling similar to it, and
             | you can have static analysis turned on all the time.
             | 
             | SAL also originated with XP SP2 issues.
             | 
             | Just like there have been toons of tools trying to fix C's
             | flaws.
             | 
             | However the big issue with opt-in tooling is exactly it
             | being optional, and apparently Microsoft doesn't enforce it
             | internally as much as we thought .
        
               | bayindirh wrote:
               | > However the big issue with opt-in tooling is exactly it
               | being optional,
               | 
               | That's true, and that's a problem.
               | 
               | > and apparently Microsoft doesn't enforce it internally
               | as much as we thought .
               | 
               | but this, in my eyes, is a much bigger problem. It's
               | baffling considering what Microsoft does as their core
               | business. Operating systems high impact software.
               | 
               | > Visual Studio has had quite some tooling similar to it,
               | and you can have static analysis turned on all the time.
               | 
               | Eclipse CDT, which is not capable as VS, but is not a toy
               | and has the same capability: Always on static analysis +
               | Valgrind integration. I used both without any reservation
               | and this habit paid in dividends in every level of
               | development.
               | 
               | I believe in learning the tool and craft more than the
               | tools itself, because you can always hold something
               | wrong. Learning the capabilities and limits of whatever
               | you're using is a force multiplier, and considering how
               | fierce competition is in the companies, leaving that kind
               | of force multiplier on the table is unfathomable from my
               | PoV.
               | 
               | Every tool has limits and flaws. Understanding them and
               | being disciplined enough to check your own work is
               | indispensable. Even if you're using something which
               | prevents a class of footguns.
        
               | markus_zhang wrote:
               | I think the core business of MSFT has always been --
               | building a platform, grab everyone in and seek rent. Bill
               | figured out from 1975 so it has been super successful.
               | 
               | OS was that platform but in Azure it is just the lowest
               | layer, so maybe management just doesn't see it, as long
               | as the platform works and government contracts keep
               | coming in. Then you have a bunch of yes-man engineers
               | (I'm so surprised that any principle engineer, who should
               | be financially free, could push out plans described by
               | the author in this series) who gives the management false
               | hopes.
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | One reason why Windows is a mess, is that Satya sees
               | Azure as actually Azure OS, Windows version of OS/360.
               | 
               | Ideally everyone would be using it via services hosted
               | there, with the browser or mobile devices as thin
               | clients.
               | 
               | Just two months ago,
               | 
               | https://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2026/02/26/an
               | nou...
        
               | axelriet wrote:
               | It's org-dependent. On Windows, SAL and OACR are kings,
               | plus any contraption MSR comes up with that they run on
               | checked-in code and files bugs on you out of the blue :)
               | Different standards.
        
           | flohofwoe wrote:
           | Did you miss the part that writes about the "all new code is
           | written in Rust" order coming from the top? It also failed
           | miserably.
        
             | pjmlp wrote:
             | That was quite interesting and now I will take another
             | point of view of the stuff I shared previously.
             | 
             | However given how Windows team has been anti anything not
             | C++, it is not surprising that it actually happened like
             | that.
        
               | axelriet wrote:
               | It came from the top of Azure and for Azure only.
               | Specifically the mandate was for all new code that cannot
               | use a GC i.e. no more new C or C++ specifically.
               | 
               | I think the CTO was very public about that at RustCon and
               | other places where he spoke.
               | 
               | The examples he gave were contrived, though, mostly tiny
               | bits of old GDI code rewritten in Rust as success stories
               | to justify his mandate. Not convincing at all.
               | 
               | Azure node software can be written in Rust, C, or C++ it
               | really does not matter.
               | 
               | What matters is _who_ writes it as it should be seen as
               | "OS-level" code requiring the same focus as actual OS
               | code given the criticality, therefore should probably be
               | made by the Core OS folks themselves.
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | I have followed it from the outside, including talks at
               | Rust Nation.
               | 
               | However the reality you described on the ground is quite
               | different from e.g. Rust Nation UK 2025 talks, or those
               | being done by Victor Ciura.
               | 
               | It seems more in line with the rejections that took place
               | against previous efforts regarding Singularity, Midori,
               | Phoenix compiler toolchain, Longhorn,.... only to be
               | redone with WinRT and COM, in C++ naturally.
        
               | markus_zhang wrote:
               | May I ask, what kind of training does the new joins of
               | the kernel team (or any team that effectively writes
               | kernel level code) get? Especially if they haven't
               | written kernel code professionally -- or do they ONLY
               | hire people who has written non-trivial amount of kernel
               | code?
        
           | sidewndr46 wrote:
           | Language choices won't save you here. The problem is
           | organizational paralysis. Someone sees that the platform is
           | unstable. They demand something be done to improve stability.
           | The next management layer above them demands they reduce the
           | number of changes made to improve stability.
        
             | cogman10 wrote:
             | Yeah I've seen that move pulled. Funnily enough by an ex-
             | Microsoft manager.
        
             | teeray wrote:
             | Usually this results in approvals to approve the approval
             | to approve making the change. Everyone signed off on a
             | tower of tax forms about the change, no way it can fail
             | now! It failed? We need another layer of approvals before
             | changes can be made!
        
           | CoolGuySteve wrote:
           | I had a memory management problem so I introduced GC/ref
           | counting and now I have a non-deterministic memory management
           | problem.
        
         | doctorpangloss wrote:
         | if the service is so shitty, why are people paying so much
         | fucking money for it?
         | 
         | is microsoft committing an accounting fraud?
        
           | fxtentacle wrote:
           | It's more of a hostage situation.
        
           | rawgabbit wrote:
           | The US government's experts called Azure "a pile of shit";
           | they got overruled.
           | 
           | https://www.propublica.org/article/microsoft-cloud-
           | fedramp-c...
        
           | hunterpayne wrote:
           | Because Azure customers are companies that still, in 2026
           | only use Windows. Anyone else uses something else. Turns out,
           | companies like that don't tend to have the best engineering
           | teams. So moving an entire cloud infrastructure from Azure to
           | say AWS, probably is either really expensive, really risky or
           | too disruptive to do for the type of engineering team that
           | Azure customers have. I would expect MS to bleed from this
           | slowly for a long time until they actually fix it. I
           | seriously doubt they ever will but stranger things have
           | happened.
        
             | pjmlp wrote:
             | Turns out outside companies shipping software products
             | aspiring to be the next Google or Apple, most companies
             | that work outside software industry also need software to
             | run their business and they couldn't care less about HN
             | technology cool factor.
             | 
             | They use whatever they can to ship their products into
             | trucks, outsourcing their IT and development costs , and
             | that is about it.
        
               | Balinares wrote:
               | Agreed, though only up to a point. Companies that need
               | software to run their business, need that software to
               | _run_.
               | 
               | When your operations are constantly hampered by Azure
               | outages, and your competitors' are not, you're not going
               | to last if your market is at all competitive. Thankfully
               | for many companies, a lot of markets aren't, I suppose,
               | at least for the actors who have established a successful
               | rent and no longer need to care how their business
               | operations are going.
        
           | bradleyjg wrote:
           | CFOs love it because Microsoft does bundle pricing with
           | office. Plus they love to give large credits to bootstrap
           | lock-in.
        
           | miyuru wrote:
           | most the upper management of companies who use them have dont
           | have the technical competence to see it. (eg: banks,
           | supermarket chains, manufacturing companies)
           | 
           | once they are in, no one likes to admit they made a mistake.
        
           | fodkodrasz wrote:
           | Because the alternatives are also in similar state.
           | 
           | AWS or GCP are all pretty crap. You use any of them, any
           | you'll hit just enough rough edges. The whole industry is
           | just grinding out slop, quality is not important anywhere.
           | 
           | I work with AWS on a daily basis, and I'm not really
           | impressed. (Also nor did GCP impress me on the short
           | encounter I had with it)
        
             | Balinares wrote:
             | I don't know about AWS or the rest of GCP, but in terms of
             | engineering, my experience of GCE was at least an entire
             | order of magnitude better than what the article alleges
             | about Azure. Security and reliability were taken extremely
             | seriously, and the quality of the engineering was world-
             | class. I hope it has stayed like this since then. It was a
             | worthwhile thing to experience.
        
             | staticassertion wrote:
             | This isn't it at all. AWS does not have the same sorts of
             | insane cross-tenancy exploits that Azure has had, for
             | example.
             | 
             | The reason that Azure has so many customers is _very
             | simply_ because Azure is borderline mandated by the US
             | government.
        
           | mike_hearn wrote:
           | I worked at a startup that was using Azure. The reason was
           | simple enough - it had been founded by finance people who
           | were used to Excel, so Windows+Office was the non-negotiable
           | first bit of IT they purchased. That created a sales channel
           | Microsoft used to offer generous startup credits. The free
           | money created a structural lack of discipline around
           | spending. Once the startup credits ran out, the company
           | became faced with a huge bill and difficulty motivating
           | people to conserve funds.
           | 
           | At the start I didn't have any strong opinion on what cloud
           | provider to use. I did want to do IT the "old fashioned way"
           | - rent a big ass bare metal or cloud VM, issue UNIX user
           | accounts on it and let people do dev/test/ad hoc servers on
           | that. Very easy to control spending that way, very easy to
           | quickly see what's using the resources and impose limits,
           | link programs to people, etc. I was overruled as obviously
           | old fashioned and not getting with the cloud programme. They
           | ended up bleeding a million dollars a month and the company
           | wasn't even running a SaaS!
           | 
           | I ended up with a very low opinion of Azure. Basic things
           | like TCP connections between VMs would mysteriously hang. We
           | got MS to investigate, they made a token effort and basically
           | just admitted defeat. I raged that this was absurd as working
           | TCP is table stakes for literally any datacenter since the
           | 1980s, but - sad to say - at this time Azure's bad behavior
           | was enabled by a widespread culture of CV farming in which
           | "enterprise" devs were all obsessed with getting cloud tech
           | onto their LinkedIn. Any time we hit bugs or stupidities in
           | the way Azure worked I was told the problem was clearly with
           | the software I'd written, which couldn't be "cloud native",
           | as if it was it'd obviously work fine in Azure!
           | 
           | With attitudes like that completely endemic outside of the
           | tech sector, of course Microsoft learned not to prioritize
           | quality.
           | 
           | We did eventually diversify a bit. We needed to benchmark our
           | server software reliably and that was impossible in Azure
           | because it was so overloaded and full of noisy neighbours, so
           | we rented bare metal servers in OVH to do that. It worked OK.
        
             | pjmlp wrote:
             | I have had bad experiences across all major vendors.
             | 
             | The main reason I used to push for Azure instead during the
             | last years was the friendliness of their Web UIs, and
             | having the VS Code integration (it started as an Azure
             | product after all).
        
               | bostik wrote:
               | Friendliness?
               | 
               | VSCode integration out of the box, that I can understand.
               | But I have a really hard time calling Azure UI
               | "friendly". Everything is behind layers of nested pointy-
               | clicky chains with opaque or flat out misleading names.
               | 
               | To make things worse, their APIs also follow the same
               | design. Everything you actually would want to do is
               | behind a long sequence of pointer-chasing across objects
               | and service/resource managers. Almost as if their APIs
               | were built to directly reflect their planned UI action
               | sequences.
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | Yes, some of us grew out of the 1970's approach to
               | command line, unless there is no other way.
               | 
               | GCP is the worse some options are only available on the
               | CLI, without any visual feedback on the dashboard.
        
             | jrl wrote:
             | "Basic things like TCP connections between VMs would
             | mysteriously hang"
             | 
             | This is like a car that can't even get you two blocks from
             | home. Amazing.
        
           | bostik wrote:
           | Corporate inertia. Sibling comment uses the term "hostage
           | situation" which I admit is pretty apt.
           | 
           | Microsoft is an approved vendor in _every_ large enterprise.
           | That they have been approved for desktop productivity,
           | Sharepoint, email and on-prem systems does not enter the
           | picture. That would be too nuanced.
           | 
           | Dealing with a Large Enterprise[tm] is an exercise in
           | frustration. A particular client _had_ to be deployed to
           | Azure because their estimate was that getting a new cloud
           | vendor approved for production deployments would be a
           | gargantuan 18-to-24 month org-wide and politically fraught
           | process.
           | 
           | If you are a large corp and _have_ to move workloads to the
           | cloud (because let 's be honest: maintaining your own data
           | centres and hardware procurement pipelines is a serious drag)
           | then you go with whatever vendor your organisation has
           | approved. And if the only pre-approved vendor with a cloud
           | offering is Microsoft, you use Azure.
        
           | MyHonestOpinon wrote:
           | I have worked at two retail companies where AWS was a no no.
           | They didn't want to have anything depending on a
           | competitor(Amazon). So they went the Azure route.
        
           | tw04 wrote:
           | You're assuming the alternatives don't have just as many
           | issues. There's been exactly one "whistleblower" who is
           | probably tiptoeing the line of a lawsuit. I wouldn't assume
           | just because there isn't a similar disgruntled gcp or aws
           | engineer doesn't mean they don't have similar ways.
        
           | staticassertion wrote:
           | Depending on the space you work in, you have almost no choice
           | at all. If you're building for government then you're going
           | to use Microsoft, almost "end of story".
        
           | functional_dev wrote:
           | this made me look into how cloud hypervisors actually work on
           | HW level.. they all offload it to custom HW (smart nic, fpga,
           | dpu, etc..). cpu does almost nothing except for tenant work.
           | AWS -> Nitro, Azure -> FPGA, NVIDIA sells DPUs.
           | 
           | Here is interactive visual guide if anyone wants to explore -
           | https://vectree.io/c/cloud-virtualization-hardware-nitro-
           | cat...
        
         | rk06 wrote:
         | once you reach the stage, the only escape is to give up on it.
         | and move on.
         | 
         | somethings are beyond your control and capabilities
        
         | monocasa wrote:
         | No joke, I worked at a place where in our copy of system
         | headers we had to #define near and far to nothing. That was
         | because (despite not having supported any systems where this
         | was applicable for more than a decade) there was a set of files
         | that were considered too risky to make changes in that still
         | had dos style near and far pointers that we had to compile for
         | a more sane linear address space.
         | https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/c/what-are-near-far-and-huge-p...
         | 
         | Now, I'm just a simple country engineer, but a sane take on
         | risk management probably doesn't prefer de facto editing files
         | by hijacking keywords with template magic compared with, you
         | know just making the actual change, reviewing it, and checking
         | it in.
        
         | hikarudo wrote:
         | > Once you reach this stage, the only escape is to first cover
         | everything with tests and then meticulously fix bugs
         | 
         | The exact same approach is recommended in the book "Working
         | effectively with legacy code" by Michael Feathers, with several
         | techniques on how to do it. He describes legacy code as 'code
         | with no tests'.
        
           | coredog64 wrote:
           | "Show me the incentives, and I will show you the outcomes" -
           | Charlie Munger
           | 
           | I once worked in a shop where we had high and inflexible test
           | coverage requirements. Developers eventually figured out that
           | you could run a bunch of random scenarios and then `assert
           | true` in the finally clause of the exception handler.
           | Eventually you'd be guaranteed to cover enough to get by that
           | gate.
           | 
           | Pushing back on that practice led to a management fight about
           | feature velocity and externally publicized deadlines.
        
         | neya wrote:
         | Once you reach this stage, honestly the only escape is real
         | escape. Put your papers in and start looking for a job
         | elsewhere, because when they go down, they will go down hard
         | and drag you with them. It's not like you didn't try.
        
         | egorfine wrote:
         | writing tests and then meticulously fixing bugs does not
         | increase shareholders' value.
        
         | bob1029 wrote:
         | > first cover everything with tests
         | 
         | Beware this goal. I'm dealing with the consequences of TDD
         | taken way too far right now. Someone apparently had this same
         | idea.
         | 
         | > management who do not fully understand the problem nor are
         | incentivized to understand it
         | 
         | They are definitely incentivized to understand the problem.
         | However the developers often take it upon themselves to deceive
         | management. This happens to be their incentive. The longer they
         | can hoodwink leadership, the longer they can pad their resume
         | and otherwise play around in corporate Narnia.
         | 
         | It's amazing how far you can bullshit leaders under the
         | pretense of how proper and cultured things like TDD are. There
         | are compelling metrics and it has a very number-go-up feel to
         | it. It's really easy to pervert all other aspects of the design
         | such that they serve at the altar of TDD.
         | 
         | Integration testing is the only testing that matters to the
         | customer. No one cares if your user service works flawlessly
         | with fake everything being plugged into it. I've never seen it
         | not come off like someone playing sim city or factorio with the
         | codebase in the end.
        
           | caoilte wrote:
           | Unit tests are just as important as integration tests as long
           | as they're tightly scoped to business logic and aren't
           | written just to improve coverage. Anything can be done badly,
           | especially if it is quantified and used as a metric of
           | success (Goodhart's law applies).
           | 
           | Integration tests can be just as bad in this regard. They can
           | be flakey and take hours, give you a false sense of security
           | and not even address the complexity of the business domain.
           | 
           | I've seen people argue against unit tests because they force
           | you to decompose your system into discrete pieces. I hope
           | that's not the core concern here becuase a well decomposed
           | system is easier to maintain and extend as well as write unit
           | tests for.
        
             | senderista wrote:
             | "Premature abstraction" forced by unit tests can make
             | systems harder to maintain.
        
               | dpark wrote:
               | Inability to unit test is usually either a symptom of
               | poor system structure (e.g. components are
               | inappropriately coupled) or an attempt to shoehorn
               | testing into the wrong spot.
               | 
               | If you find yourself trying to test a piece of code and
               | it's an unreasonable effort, try moving up a level. The
               | "unit" you're testing might be the wrong granularity. If
               | you can't test a level up, then it's probably that your
               | code is bad and you don't have units. You have a blob.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | the problem is people make units too small. A unit is not
               | an isolated class or function. (It can be but usually
               | isn't) a unit is one of those boxes you see on those
               | architecture diagrams.
        
               | jimbokun wrote:
               | It can but more often it's the opposite.
               | 
               | Code that's hard to write tests for tends to be code
               | that's too tightly coupled and lacking proper interface
               | boundaries.
        
             | bwfan123 wrote:
             | The problem with unit tests these days is that AI writes
             | them entirely and does a great job at it. That defeats the
             | purpose of unit tests in the first place since the human
             | doesnt have the patience to review the reams of over-mocked
             | test-code produced by AI.
             | 
             | The end-result of this are things like the code leak of
             | claude code presumably caused by ai generated ci/cd
             | packaging code nobody bothered to review since the attitude
             | is: who reviews test or ci/cd code ? If they break big-
             | deal, ai will fix it.
        
           | dpark wrote:
           | Customers don't care about your testing at all. They care
           | that the product works.
           | 
           | Like most things, the reality is that you need a balance.
           | Integration tests are great for validating complex system
           | interdependencies. They are terrible for testing code paths
           | exhaustively. You need both integration and unit testing to
           | properly evaluate the product. You also need monitoring,
           | because your testing environment will never 100% match what
           | your customers see. (If it does, you're system is probably
           | trivial, and you don't need those integration tests anyway.)
        
             | axelriet wrote:
             | Integration tests (I think we call them scenario tests in
             | our circles) also only tend to test the happy paths. There
             | is no guarantees that your edge cases and anything unusual
             | such an errors from other tiers are covered. In fact the
             | scenario tests may just be testing mostly the same things
             | as the unit tests but from a different angle. The only way
             | to be sure everything is covered is through fault
             | injection, and/or single-stepping but it's a lost art.
             | Relying only on automated tests gives a false sense of
             | security.
        
           | carols10cents wrote:
           | If you're writing the tests after writing the code, you're
           | not doing TDD though.
        
         | varispeed wrote:
         | I was once in such a position. I persuaded management to first
         | cover the entire project with extensive test suite before
         | touching anything. It took us around 3 months to have "good"
         | coverage and then we started refactor of parts that were 100%
         | covered. 5 months in the shareholders got impatient and
         | demanded "results". We were not ready yet and in their mind we
         | were doing nothing. No amount of explanation helped and they
         | thought we are just adding superficial work ("the project
         | worked before and we were shipping new features! Maybe you are
         | just not skilled enough?") Eventually they decided to scrap
         | whole thing. Project was killed and entire team sacked.
        
           | jimbokun wrote:
           | I'm a developer and if a team spent five months only
           | refactoring with zero features added I would fire you too.
           | 
           | Refactoring and quality improvements must happen
           | incrementally and in parallel with shipping new features and
           | fixing bugs.
        
         | staticassertion wrote:
         | It is so hard to test those codebases too. A lot of the time
         | there's IO and implicit state changes through the code. Even
         | getting testing in place, let alone good testing, is often an
         | incredibly difficult task. And no one will refactor the code to
         | make testing easier because they're too afraid to break the
         | code.
        
       | nosefrog wrote:
       | We run 1000s of machines in Azure. It's garbage. Very few
       | features work. Nodes are always having strange issues, especially
       | on the networking side. And the worst part is that Azure support
       | has 0 interest in actually debugging things. We just got out of
       | an outage today caused by the insanely slow SSDs that they attach
       | to their postgres dbs by default.
        
       | Dansvidania wrote:
       | I have been in a Microsoft adjacent company (meaning lots of
       | people bounced to and from Microsoft to it) and all this makes a
       | lot of sense. The almost ideological "everything in house" and
       | politically oriented philosophy they had fits like a glove. Some
       | of the ex Microsoft people hated it, some of them missed it. But
       | the picture they made was pretty bleak.
       | 
       | Given how windows is going what's described in the article
       | doesn't seem so shocking either. Even though they need not be
       | correlated products, I can't help but seeing a similar
       | shortsightedness in the playbooks they are adopting.
        
       | elankart wrote:
       | I've worked in Windows for many many years, no idea who this guy
       | is. He is randomly name dropping. He wants attention.
        
         | pas wrote:
         | and what's with the parents? for running containers?
        
       | petterroea wrote:
       | A business man at a prior employer sympathetic with my younger,
       | naive "Microsoft sucks" attitude told me something I remember to
       | this day:
       | 
       | Microsoft is not a software company, they have never been experts
       | at software. They are experts at contracts. They lead because
       | their business machine exceeds at understanding how to tick the
       | boxes necessary to win contract bids. The people who make
       | purchasing decisions at companies aren't technical and possibly
       | don't even know a world outside Microsoft, Office, and Windows,
       | after all.
       | 
       | This is how the sausage is made in the business world, and it
       | changed how I perceived the tech industry. Good software (sadly)
       | doesn't matter. Sales does.
       | 
       | This is why most of Norway currently runs on Azure, even though
       | it is garbage, and even though every engineer I know who uses it
       | says it is garbage. Because the people in the know don't get to
       | make the decision.
        
         | dbdr wrote:
         | But that also means that if _you_ as a user /customer can make
         | choices based on technical merits, you'll have a significant
         | advantage.
        
           | lmm wrote:
           | An advantage how? Maybe you'll have one or two more 9s of
           | uptime than your competitors; does that actually move the
           | needle on your business?
        
             | hunterpayne wrote:
             | The biggest expense in software is maintenance. Better
             | software means cheaper maintenance. If you actually want to
             | have a significant cost advantage, software is the way to
             | go. Sadly most business is about sales and marketing and
             | has little to do with the cost or quality of items being
             | sold.
        
             | dbdr wrote:
             | It will depend on each case and what makes the marketed
             | solution inferior. If it's overly complex and you will save
             | development time. If it's unstable you'll save debugging
             | time. If it's bloated you will save on hardware costs.
             | Etc...
        
               | pas wrote:
               | matters less than we would like it to
               | 
               | after all startups/scaleups/bigtech companies that make a
               | lot of money can run on Python for ages, or make infinite
               | money with Perl scripts ( _cough_ aws)
               | 
               | and it matters even less in non-tech companies, because
               | their competition is also 3 incompetent idiots on top of
               | each other in a business suite!
               | 
               | sure, if you are starting a new project fight for good
               | technical fundamentals
        
             | Aissen wrote:
             | Why wouldn't it move the needle? Less time spent, less
             | frustration, more performance, more resources focused on
             | the business?
        
           | petterroea wrote:
           | Most customers don't really have the knowledge needed to make
           | choices based on technical merits, and that's why the market
           | works as it does. I'm willing to say 95% of people on HN have
           | this knowledge and are therefore biased to assume others are
           | the same way. It's classic XKCD 2501.
        
         | pjmlp wrote:
         | My lesson was when European companies followed US tech into
         | offshoring, and how quality doesn't play any role as long as
         | the software delivers, from business point of view.
         | 
         | Especially relevant when shipping software isn't the product
         | the company sells.
        
         | breppp wrote:
         | That's true for Azure, where contracts are signed due to free
         | credits given over Office and Windows usage.
         | 
         | However, there is a reason why everyone uses Office and
         | Windows. Office is the only suite that has the complete feature
         | set (Ask any accountant to move to Google Sheets). Windows is
         | the only system that can effectively run on any hardware (PnP)
         | and have been that way for decades.
         | 
         | This is due to superior software on the aspects that matter to
         | customers
        
           | steve1977 wrote:
           | The selling point of Excel is not the feature set, it's that
           | people know Excel and are usually very resistant to learning
           | something new.
        
             | gilrain wrote:
             | As someone who's compared spreadsheet feature sets, though:
             | it's also very much the feature set.
        
               | steve1977 wrote:
               | Well, in a way it is of course, because if your reference
               | is Excel, then you want the feature set of Excel.
               | 
               | Or what specifically do you mean?
        
               | kristjansson wrote:
               | Sheets and Numbers are spreadsheets. Excel is an
               | application platform and programming language that's
               | convinced people it's just a spreadsheet.
        
               | _dain_ wrote:
               | VBA, PowerQuery, structured references, the newer
               | formulae like XLOOKUP, dynamic array-spill formulae,
               | map/filter/reduce/lambda, various obscure financial
               | stuff.
               | 
               | Sheets and Calc don't have these.
        
           | tremon wrote:
           | _Windows is the only system that can effectively run on any
           | hardware_
           | 
           | ...as long as that hardware is Intel-based (and a select few
           | ARM-based boards nowaways). And the reason that it runs on
           | all that hardware is because of Microsoft 's business
           | contracts with hardware vendors, not because of their
           | software quality -- that's immaterial, as Microsoft generally
           | does not write the drivers.
        
             | breppp wrote:
             | Compare the experience in Linux or Mac for getting some
             | random no-name device working with Windows.
             | 
             | A lot of it is the fact that the OS has created a very
             | complex yet consistent system of device compatibility that
             | was completely absent from all competitors who are still
             | behind on that aspect or alternatively the choice of kernel
             | design architecture
        
               | dec0dedab0de wrote:
               | It's been like two decades since I used windows on a
               | computer I own, but I always had a way harder time
               | getting hardware to work with windows than I have with
               | linux. I still shudder when I remember trying to track
               | down drivers from different vendors, while avoiding the
               | malware they shipped with it versus letting it just work.
               | 
               | edit:
               | 
               | I just remembered when I first used CUPS to configure a
               | printer in 2003. It blew my mind with how easy it was,
               | and I think that was the moment when I decided to start
               | using linux as my primary desktop. Pre-Novell Suse at the
               | time if im remembering correctly.
        
           | rescbr wrote:
           | People use Windows because Office runs on Windows, and
           | Windows ran in any shitty cheap beige box. This is the whole
           | story since the 1990's.
           | 
           | On hardware: it's because Windows has a stable kernel ABI and
           | makes it very simple for hardware vendors to write
           | proprietary drivers. Linux kind of forces everybody to
           | upstream their device drivers, which is good and bad at the
           | same time - DKMS is something relatively new.
           | 
           | But yeah, the NT kernel is very nice, the problem with
           | Windows is the userland.
        
         | zjaffee wrote:
         | This is in many ways a smart way to understand the problem, but
         | it doesn't mean that microsoft contracts mean you're stuck with
         | bad software. There are several verticals where Microsoft and
         | Azure actually were smart and chose a better software product
         | to sell on their platform than what they had in house.
         | 
         | One example is when they stopped trying to develop a inferior
         | product to EMR and Dataproc, and essentially just outsourced
         | the whole effort to a deal made between them and Databricks.
         | Because of this I assume many enterprise azure customers have
         | better running data solutions in that space than they wouldve
         | had they gone with just AWS or GCP.
         | 
         | On the other hand, having worked for Microsoft on an Azure
         | team, there are plenty of areas that critically need a rewrite
         | (for dozens of different reasons), and such a solution is never
         | found (or they just release some different product and tell
         | those with different needs to migrate to that), where they keep
         | on building what can only really be described as hot-fixes to
         | meet urgent customer demands that make it harder to eventually
         | do said critical rewrite.
        
           | haddr wrote:
           | About a year ago the whole situation changed and Microsoft
           | started to push everyone to their own Data Engineering
           | solution (Fabric) that back then was really half-baked.
        
         | kakoni wrote:
         | Finnish public sector is also heavy Azure user. Their common
         | ethos is that modern cloud services(=azure) are in many
         | respects more secure than on-premises data centers. In
         | addition, they are cost-effective and reliable.
        
         | rhyperior wrote:
         | A overly reductionist argument. They described any commercial
         | software company because in the end, you sell or you die.
         | Microsoft has incredible software people and incredible
         | software that coexists with the shitty software people and
         | shitty software.
        
           | bananamogul wrote:
           | Agree. You could say the exact same thing about Oracle, for
           | example.
        
         | markus_zhang wrote:
         | I'd say, they are very good at making platforms and grab
         | everyone lock-in. But they need a good platform first. Azure
         | seems like the first platform that is kinda shitty from the
         | beginning and did not improve much.
         | 
         | MBASIC was good and filled a void so it got used widely from
         | the beginning. The language is their first platform. Later the
         | developer tools like the IDE, compilers, still pretty solid if
         | you ask me.
         | 
         | MS-DOS and Windows are their next platform. It started OK with
         | DOS -- because CP/M was not great either. But the stability of
         | Windows sucked so they brought in David Cutler's team to make
         | NT. It definitely grabbed the home/office market but didn't do
         | well for the server market.
         | 
         | X-BOX is their third platform, which started very well but we
         | all know the story now.
         | 
         | Azure is their fourth platform, started shitty and still not
         | good. The other platforms have high vintage points but Azure
         | may not have one.
        
           | whizzter wrote:
           | Those are mostly end-user or hosting platforms you mention
           | (and their problems), what really makes MS tick is the
           | enterprise platforms.
           | 
           | Windows networks, Active Directory,etc. Azure is the
           | continuation of that, those who run AD oftne default to Azure
           | (that offers among other things hosted or hybrid AD
           | environments).
        
             | markus_zhang wrote:
             | Yeah those too, sorry I never worked with the MSFT stack in
             | corporate, except for my first company when my IT knowledge
             | was still minimum.
        
         | phillipcarter wrote:
         | I mean, if you ignore all the heaps of impressive software
         | Microsoft does ship, sure.
        
           | mixmastamyk wrote:
           | It's been a while. The underinvestment shows. Across the
           | industry as well.
        
         | yoyohello13 wrote:
         | I think this is spot on. Everything at the R&D phase of a
         | project indicates that an Azure service is going to work for
         | the use case. I've been reading the docs and though 'wow this
         | is perfect!'. Then you get to implementation and realize its a
         | buggy mess that barely does what you wanted to do in the first
         | place, with ton of caveats.
         | 
         | Of course that realization comes when you are already at the
         | point of no return, probably by design.
        
       | momo_dev wrote:
       | i run fastapi APIs on linode with cloudflare in front and
       | honestly the simplicity is underrated. predictable billing, docs
       | that match reality, no surprise platform regressions. for a
       | straightforward API workload the hyperscaler tax doesn't make
       | sense unless you genuinely need their scale
        
         | Terretta wrote:
         | Hate to break it to ya, you picked an emerging hyperscaler:
         | 
         | https://www.sdxcentral.com/news/cloudflare-has-the-edge-in-h...
        
           | nijave wrote:
           | Linode is also owned by Akamai...
        
           | momo_dev wrote:
           | i guess the difference is i chose my hyperscalers a la carte
           | instead of getting the all-in-one bundle. at least when
           | cloudflare breaks something i can still ssh into my linode
           | and debug it directly
        
       | h6d_100c wrote:
       | This makes it extra silly to trust that Github won't train on
       | your private repos, if they haven't already - just by accident
        
       | physhster wrote:
       | This reads like Google culture too...
        
       | physhster wrote:
       | Thanks for that, now I have a rock-solid argument when people say
       | "oh we're already Microsoft customers, we'll just use Azure, it's
       | easier, and they have Active Directory!!"
        
       | xxxboxxx wrote:
       | We signed up to go all-in on Azure because our CEO got an xbox to
       | take home to his kids.
        
       | alex0ptr wrote:
       | I've been working with Azure and Azure Germanyfor the past years
       | and have a strong history with AWS.
       | 
       | I cannot count how many times disks were not attaching during AKS
       | rescheduling. We build polling where we polled Entra Id for
       | minutes until it became "eventually" consistent - not trusting a
       | service principal until it was fetched at least one minute
       | consistently. The slowness of Azure Functions was unbearable. On
       | Azure germany IoT Hubs had to be "rebooted" by support constantly
       | - which was a shocking statement in itself. The docs always lying
       | or leaving out critical parts. The whole Premium vs Standard
       | stuff is like selling windows licenses. The role model and UI is
       | absolutely inconsistent.
       | 
       | The stability, consistency of IAM, and speed of AWS in comparison
       | makes me truly wonder how anyone stays with Azure. One reason
       | might be that the Windows instances are significantly cheaper
       | though..
        
       | debarshri wrote:
       | Substack is having its moment. First, deepdelver, now this.
        
       | einrealist wrote:
       | Axel's engagement with the issue and refusal to give up is
       | admirable. It also demonstrates that code and architecture remain
       | important even in an era when managers believe these subjects can
       | now be handled by LLMs. Imagine if LLMs were mandated for use in
       | such an environment, further distancing SWEs from the code and
       | overarching architectural choices. I am not saying that it can't
       | work. But friction and maturity through experience really
       | matters.
       | 
       | Also explains perfectly why I never met an engineer who was eager
       | to run workloads on Azure. In orgs I worked, either the use of
       | Azure was mandated by management (probably good $$ incentives) or
       | through Microsoft leaning into the "Multi-Cloud for resilience"
       | selling point, to get Orgs shift workloads from competitors.
       | 
       | Its also huge case for open (cloud) stack(s).
        
       | egorfine wrote:
       | > Cutler's intent was to produce a system with the same level of
       | quality, unshakable reliability, and attention to detail he was
       | famous for in his work on VMS and NT.
       | 
       | I'm not sure whether this is serious or irony.
        
         | axelriet wrote:
         | Search VMS stability, I think the consensus is clear.
         | 
         | Then Google VMS longest uptime, and the record is 28 years. VMS
         | often achieved five nines over 10 years (99.999%) so no irony.
         | 
         | He took a bunch of folks with him from DEC to Microsoft to make
         | NT, and of course his principles.
         | 
         | Nowadays NT is bomb-proof believe it or not.
         | 
         | Most of the crashes are in device drivers and some rare times
         | in the UI code (Win32k) that should not be there, but the
         | kernel itself is solid.
         | 
         | (Yes I am a big fan)
        
           | egorfine wrote:
           | VMS, yes. No doubts.
           | 
           | NT, no. Again, no doubts.
        
           | EvanAnderson wrote:
           | I think NT gets an unfair rap because of the instability of
           | third-party drivers and the jank that is Win32. If memory
           | servers there were some fuzzing findings on the NT 3.1 thru
           | 4.0 kernels, but I thought that was mostly tidied-up by
           | Windows 2000.
           | 
           | I don't think the average Linux (or, for that matter, Unix)
           | user realizes the level of engineering that went into the
           | design of NT. I'm not saying there isn't engineering in Unix
           | or Linux, but was very deliberately designed by people who
           | had the lessons prior operating system implementations in
           | mind.
        
           | markus_zhang wrote:
           | I remember reading "Showstoppers" and David was quoted to say
           | "If you break the build I'm the lawn mower and your ass is
           | grass". Do you think such attitude is mandatory for good
           | kernel level code?
           | 
           | (I actually think it does and argued with people on HN,
           | although I never wrote any professional kernel code myself)
        
       | egorfine wrote:
       | > was maintaining in-memory caches containing unencrypted tenant
       | data, all mixed in the same memory areas, in violation of all
       | hostile multi-tenancy security guidelines
       | 
       | Splitting caches to different isolated memory areas will not make
       | shareholders happy, will not lead to promotion and will not even
       | move the project forward.
       | 
       | Simply put, designing secure software is detrimental in that
       | environment.
        
       | auggierose wrote:
       | I tried to use Azure once (more than 5 years ago), and the
       | signing up kept crashing on me for hours. Never used it again
       | since then. Some things are obvious.
        
       | luke5441 wrote:
       | On a leadership level it seems problematic that they ghosted the
       | feedback. Direcly this leads to people like Axel who feel
       | ownership of the problem to break NDAs and create company harming
       | posts. In my experience they at least respond with corp speak
       | platitudes meaning that they got the feedback and don't
       | understand it or ignore it, but have been taught to always ask
       | for feedback and answer it (but incentives are to ask for
       | feedback, then ignore it).
        
         | axelriet wrote:
         | To be honest, I don't think this is "company harming"--what
         | would be harming is Azure being pwned if they didn't know and
         | did nothing, or failing SLA at the wrong time. Now they know.
        
           | mike_hearn wrote:
           | Azure has been repeatedly hacked very severely, and it
           | doesn't seem to make much difference to their adoption.
        
           | luke5441 wrote:
           | The ultimate goal is to make customers spend money on Azure.
           | Of course the information you published may make customers
           | less likely to choose Azure, harming Microsoft.
           | 
           | Being pwned can be explained away as an attacker having spent
           | a lot of ressources to do so. Failing SLAs can be a
           | calculated gamble.
           | 
           | I myself am grateful you published this! It gives a great
           | inside view on what is going on in big tech in general and
           | Microsoft specifically.
        
             | axelriet wrote:
             | Well, what you describe is plausible, but it would not be a
             | good long-term strategy and is certain to backfire badly at
             | some point.
             | 
             | Then imagine your systems are key support systems with deep
             | implications in government and the military, and the path
             | you outline is not acceptable.
             | 
             | Onboarding new customers on a sinking ship is dishonest at
             | best, criminal at worst.
             | 
             | So yes, I maintain that it helps more than it harms.
        
       | goodpoint wrote:
       | "isolveproblems", really?
        
       | manmal wrote:
       | For some reason, MS is still doing well. I'm not sure what
       | conclusions I should draw from that, other than big businesses
       | are hard to kill?
        
       | nalekberov wrote:
       | At this point, it's very clear that people nowadays choose Rust
       | mostly to be part of the cult rather than clearly understanding
       | its shortcomings and advantages over languages such as C, C++. It
       | has gotten to the point that some devs after watching a YouTube
       | video criticizing C++ for two hours, announce C++ the worst
       | programming language. Unfortunately, such people become decision
       | makers at giant tech companies too.
        
       | andyjohnson0 wrote:
       | This reads like it was written by the Cleverest Person in the
       | Room. I have to use Azure Devops at work, and some of the
       | critique of Azure rings true for me, but the author-centric
       | presentation was quite off-putting.
        
         | axelriet wrote:
         | Sorry you felt like that.
        
       | breppp wrote:
       | I highly sympathize with the author and as a former user of Azure
       | I agree it's a terrible mess.
       | 
       | However, the author has committed magnificent career suicide. If
       | you are in a dysfunctional environment you don't go from issue to
       | issue and escalate each one, proactively finding problematic
       | issues.
       | 
       | You rather find the underlying issues (e.g. crashes not assigned)
       | prioritize them and fix them.
       | 
       | By constantly whistle blowing on separate issues to as high as
       | the board, he is not trying to improve by evolution but by
       | revolution and in revolutions heads roll
        
         | axelriet wrote:
         | The timeline and facts were quite different. Debating an org-
         | wide quality issue on a 100+ member team's alias is not
         | whistleblowing.
        
       | TomMasz wrote:
       | The "no one at Microsoft, not a single soul, could articulate why
       | up to 173 agents were needed to manage an Azure node" really
       | stuck with me. You have to wonder how many other parts of the
       | code lack ownership and are in there just because no one knows
       | what will happen if you take them out.
        
         | mananaysiempre wrote:
         | This reminds me of discussions of the "MinWin" initiative back
         | in the Windows 7 timeframe, and how the obstacle was that
         | nobody actually knew what you could take out of Windows and
         | still have it work, so they had to be conservative.
        
       | mathgeek wrote:
       | Reading through this reminded me of just how engulfed in acronyms
       | and lingo MS engineers must be. Much like AWS engineers with an
       | acronym for every service that gets thrown around with the
       | assumption of understanding, I felt like I needed a dictionary of
       | those just to understand what was going on.
        
       | mrsmrtss wrote:
       | I see that it's fashionable to bash everything MS related in HN,
       | but let's not pretend that the other major cloud providers don't
       | have their own problems (e.g.
       | https://www.ft.com/content/7cab4ec7-4712-4137-b602-119a44f77...
       | or https://blog.barrack.ai/google-gemini-api-key-vulnerability/).
       | We have had a couple of critical services hosted on Azure over
       | ten years already, call me lucky, but we haven't had any major
       | incidents. That said, the AI Foundry side is broken garbage at
       | the moment, but so is also AI stuff from other providers.
        
         | nijave wrote:
         | Their VMs and load balancers mostly work. Their managed
         | services are a crapshoot. We routinely "self hosted" at the
         | company that used Azure to ensure some semblance of stability.
         | 
         | For instance, our Patroni clusters were much more performant
         | and stable than Azure Single Server Postgres (what a terrible
         | product...).
        
           | mrsmrtss wrote:
           | Maybe this is why they retired Single Server PostgreSQL and
           | are now offering only the new Azure Database for PostgreSQL
           | (flexible server). Zero problem with the latter for us so
           | far.
        
       | mif wrote:
       | I'm not an expert and surprised by the extent of Azure's
       | technical debt and its consequences. What would be a "minimal"
       | reproducible configuration or setup of services that shows those
       | technical deficiencies in the clearest way? A "benchmark for
       | cloud computing services", for a lack of a better description.
        
       | torginus wrote:
       | Personally, when asking others about their opinions on various
       | cloud providers, AWS tends to emerge head and shoulders above the
       | rest for one simple reason - AWS works.
       | 
       | And the reason AWS works is that AWS runs on AWS (in stark
       | contrast to Azure and GCP which afaik is not what MS and Google
       | use internally). And when AWS doesn't work, support is there to
       | help you.
       | 
       | To add nuance to this statement, the other providers have their
       | own strengths and standout features, but if you have to approach
       | every single one of their features with suspicion that means you
       | wont build stuff on top of them.
        
         | nijave wrote:
         | I've also noticed AWS tends to have less "magic" global
         | services and tends to favor cell architecture with partitions
         | and isolation.
         | 
         | These super duper magic global services seem to be the cause of
         | most outages since the blast radius is so huge.
         | 
         | On the other hand, the proposition of a magic, infinitely
         | scaleable service endpoint is nice from a developer
         | perspective.
        
           | torginus wrote:
           | Even on AWS, if you go for the managed magic version of the
           | thing, they'll make you pay more, lose some flexibilitym and
           | the relinquished control will change things in a way that
           | benefits AWS (slower scaling, limitations, unnecessary
           | overprovisioning, overhead).
           | 
           | An example - if you scale things manually by provisioning and
           | starting EC2 instances via API - it will be more performant
           | and cheaper than either Lambda or ECS Fargate (or Batch...).
           | But those things at least work reliably.
           | 
           | With the other two cloud providers, you'll likely run into a
           | bug you cannot fix yourself, and you will have no support to
           | help you.
        
       | pjmlp wrote:
       | Having now read the six parts, I assume the same management
       | issues, and junior devs all over the place, are the reason why
       | Windows development has become a mess, and Project Reunion went
       | nowhere sane, leaving only Windows employees to care about WinUI
       | 3 and WinAppSDK.
       | 
       | If only we had a return of netbooks, meaning OEMs finally
       | embracing GNU/Linux on consumer stores, instead of being left to
       | technically minded aware of online stores.
        
       | stego-tech wrote:
       | I knew Microsoft was incredibly dysfunctional (you _have_ to
       | understand this if you 're supporting their suite and want to
       | succeed), but _damn_ , I'm floored by the incompetence reported
       | on from juniors to the Board and seemingly every step of
       | leadership in between.
       | 
       | Yet I'm also not surprised, because I _keep encountering it_ in
       | non-Microsoft orgs. The current crop of leadership _in general_
       | seems to be so myopically focused on GTM and share price bumps
       | that even the mere _suggestion_ of a problem is a career-ending
       | move for whoever reported it ( _ask me how I know_ ). Making
       | matters worse is that Boards and shareholders have let them get
       | away with this for so long, across every major org, that these
       | folks believe in their heart and soul that _they 're absolutely,
       | infallibly correct_. The higher up someone is in an organization,
       | the higher the likelihood they'll reject any and all feedback
       | from "beneath" them that is contrary to their already-decided-
       | upon agenda.
       | 
       | The kicker is that I'm not sure how to actually deal with this in
       | a way that minimizes pain. In my subjective experience, these
       | sorts of companies simply do not change until and unless there's
       | literally no other option other than failure - and then, they're
       | likely to choose failure for the parachute selection instead of
       | doing the hard work of reform. Maybe what's needed is for
       | Microsoft (or any of the _legion_ of similarly dysfunctional
       | enterprises out there) to genuinely fail in a non-recoverable way
       | so as to shock the wider industry /economy into taking serious
       | action on corporate misgovernance.
       | 
       | Maybe failure _is_ the best option.
       | 
       | I don't know. I just know that _this_ isn 't tenable.
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | > Maybe what's needed is for Microsoft (or any of the legion of
         | similarly dysfunctional enterprises out there) to genuinely
         | fail in a non-recoverable way so as to shock the wider
         | industry/economy into taking serious action on corporate
         | misgovernance.
         | 
         | The naive model of capitalism says that the benefit of market
         | competition is that it's possible for failing companies to get
         | out-competed by non-failing ones. In practice, there's enough
         | of a combination of "natural monopoly", lock-in effects, and
         | anti-competitive practices that the software landscape is
         | covered in companies that are too big to avoid, let alone too
         | big to fail.
        
           | stego-tech wrote:
           | That's what I've been trying to impart on folks for a decade,
           | now. The lack of regulations has let apex predators capture
           | the environment, and short of an environmental collapse (as
           | in, the sudden and permanent destruction of compute in
           | general that makes their business unrecoverable), the only
           | solution is hunting the hunters - i.e., government
           | regulations, monopoly breakups, market penalties, etc.
           | 
           | There is no feasible way for someone to out-compete
           | Microsoft, Apple, Google, or Oracle. _None_. They have to
           | fail in some capacity to a significant, global-economy-
           | harming degree to even provide an _opening_ to competition in
           | the marketplace. Even if AI turned out to be a huge
           | nothingburger _tomorrow_ , they'd still be unassailable.
           | 
           |  _That_ is the problem.
        
       | dec0dedab0de wrote:
       | Using Azure has severely affected my mental health over the last
       | year. Reading these comments has been therapeutic.
        
       | dzonga wrote:
       | you have a current US president who has never read the Art of
       | War.
       | 
       | likely most company leadership, besides Hedge fund managers, have
       | never read the Art of War either.
       | 
       | this results in management that lacks a strategic focus - they
       | want to win the next battle (down in a valley, while giving the
       | enemy an upper hand to be on the hill).
       | 
       | your infantry (low-level ICs) are smart and capable - and the org
       | is actively pursing means to deskill them via some shit called
       | (A.I) - your colonels (mid-management) are comfortable in their
       | laurels since anyone who raises a voice is shown the door (hell
       | most of them manage people now & don't fight anymore)
       | 
       | then you wonder why the country, the org is losing. but hey at
       | least we posted a massive valuation.
        
         | steve1977 wrote:
         | Why read the Art of War when you wrote (or had ghost-written
         | for you) the Art of the Deal?
        
       | sidewndr46 wrote:
       | Some of this reads like parody, for example: "Cutler's intent was
       | to produce a system with the same level of quality, unshakable
       | reliability, and attention to detail he was famous for in his
       | work on VMS and NT."
       | 
       | I'm not really here to take shots at Dave Cutler, but Windows NT
       | was not known for it's unshakeable reliability. If it's known for
       | anything, it is known for lacking any basic security measures. I
       | remember demonstrating to people who joined my WiFi network that
       | I could automatically obtain remote shells on their laptop.
        
         | EvanAnderson wrote:
         | > I'm not really here to take shots at Dave Cutler, but Windows
         | NT was not known for it's unshakeable reliability.
         | 
         | NT itself (the kernel and native mode APIs) is pretty well
         | designed and implemented, in my opinion. I know there were
         | findings from fuzzing kernel and native mode APIs in early
         | versions of NT, but by about the Windows 2000-era it was pretty
         | solid.
         | 
         | Win32 and the grown-up mess of APIs around it I'm less enthused
         | with. NT itself is very impressive to me.
         | 
         | My fever-dream OS is an NT kernel with a modern and updated
         | Interix subsystem as the main subsystem, with Win32 as a
         | compatibility layer.
        
       | kangraemin wrote:
       | "Risk aversion preventing fixes" is the most accurate part. I've
       | seen this at other large companies too. You have a known bug, you
       | know exactly how to fix it, but nobody will approve the change
       | because "what if it breaks something else." So the bug stays
       | forever and everyone just works around it. The irony is that the
       | workarounds eventually cause more breakage than the fix ever
       | would have.
        
       | dgellow wrote:
       | All those discussions about career suicide. Are you all that
       | afraid to do what you think is right because you could get fired?
       | 
       | What Axel does by coming public with his named attached is
       | remarkable. He gains a lot of respect in my book. Even if it is
       | one sided and details are missing
        
         | CobrastanJorji wrote:
         | The career suicide wasn't escalating (although probably that
         | was job suicide). The career suicide is venting and airing all
         | of your former employee's dirty laundry. Unless your former
         | employer is doing something deeply unethical, writing hit
         | pieces against them after you leave is going to make you less
         | attractive to future employers. Before this article, employers
         | would see "experienced and available cloud engineer." After
         | this, employers would see "backstabber who was probably fired
         | for being a pain."
         | 
         | But also, this is Hacker News. Many of us work for companies
         | that are largely making the world worse in exchange for large
         | salaries. Many of us have, probably unconsciously, built our
         | lives around not doing what we think is right in exchange for
         | not getting fired.
        
           | axelriet wrote:
           | You have all the right words but some are in the wrong order.
        
       | unsubtlecoder wrote:
       | Explains GitHubs terrible uptime I guess ...
        
       | CodeCompost wrote:
       | Azure Functions have been solid for us. No real weird downtimes
       | and if something happens its usually because we did something
       | wrong.
       | 
       | We don't do very complicated things, mainly App Services with
       | Azure SQL and Azure Functions.
       | 
       | Having said that, Microsoft did botch the .NET 8 -> .NET 10
       | migration for Azure Functions with Consumption Plan. So yeah ...
       | we're beginning to see some of the cracks.
        
       | ninjagoo wrote:
       | A tale as old as corporations. Corporate Ladders optimize for
       | Ladder-Climbers, rather than Management Skills or Technical
       | Skills.
       | 
       | Organization Design is tough. And gets even more challenging with
       | size. Unfortunately, Org Design over time falls to those folks
       | that rose up the ladder, rather than folks dedicated to
       | understanding and designing orgs.
       | 
       | Switching from a Traditional org to an Agile one doesn't
       | eliminate the need for thoughtful org design, it just changes the
       | structures and incentives, and understanding and leveraging the
       | interplay of various factors still requires unbiased
       | organizational skills.
       | 
       | Mature companies will often send executives through training
       | around organization design, but separating out the incentives
       | that apply personally to the executives, from what they do for
       | the company, can be challenging. So larger companies will tend to
       | have a org design or operating model team, and very large
       | companies will formalize this as CoE or Transformation Offices.
       | 
       | Still, getting that balance right can be tricky. Looks like MS
       | failed badly in this instance. Maybe they learned from it, maybe
       | they didn't. Judging by the way things are going with Win11, and
       | the lack of response from the EVP, CEO and Board levels, maybe
       | they ignored their internal folks that help with alignment, or
       | more likely, simply laid them off!
        
       | botulidze wrote:
       | So GitHub migrating entirely to Azure is going to reduce the
       | number of outages they are experiencing, right? Right??
        
         | joezydeco wrote:
         | Nope.
         | 
         | https://bsky.app/profile/justingarrison.com/post/3mig2gikibs...
        
       | robshippr wrote:
       | The "too risky to deploy" problem is really a visibility problem.
       | When you can't quickly see what's actually changing in a deploy,
       | fear becomes the default. The teams that break out of this aren't
       | the ones who stop shipping, they're the ones who build better
       | signals before the deploy so engineers can ship with confidence
       | instead of just hoping nothing breaks.
        
       | Hasz wrote:
       | As far as I know, you still cannot rename a resource. Insanity.
       | 
       | I don't even work with it that much and have a laundry list of
       | complaints about the weird little edge cases or funky pieces of
       | documentation required to make things work.
        
       | TheNewsIsHere wrote:
       | This write-up is a shining example of why I've been rebuilding my
       | business slowly away from Microsoft technology. Entra as IdP is
       | one of the last projects. I'm probably not going to escape
       | Exchange Online, but I'm going to be happy to finally federate
       | the tenant to our internally managed IdP.
       | 
       | My spouse's employer mandated that everyone move off AWS "because
       | they're a competitor" (they're absolutely not), and Microsoft was
       | happy to roll out discounts for Azure.
       | 
       | To say that has gone poorly would be generous. Azure is
       | impressive in its own right, but it's not comparable to AWS.
       | (Which has its own problems, to be clear.)
       | 
       | The stagnation in Azure is apparent everywhere you look. The
       | capacity issues have only gotten worse. There are still change
       | advisory callouts in the Azure Portal with dates in the year
       | 2020.
        
       | markus_zhang wrote:
       | This is pretty damning, if half of it is true. I don't work at
       | Microsoft and I don't have the knowledge to judge the reliability
       | of Azure, but I do have friends who work as users of Azure and
       | the words are not kind, especially the new Fabric database which
       | is said to be crazy to pick for production at this stage -- while
       | MSFT switched the certification to Fabric already, pushing its
       | customers to use it.
       | 
       | I'll never work in a company that uses Azure as its main cloud
       | services, just for the sake of quiet nights.
       | 
       | I do wonder what does it look like inside AWS and GCP, though. Is
       | it the same level of chaos, but just because they started early
       | they got more success? If that's the case, maybe we can conclude,
       | that very large cloud operation is not sustainable under the
       | current company structure -- because either the technical
       | knowledge required is too dense, but companies won't be able to
       | retain workers, or because companies are forced to join the horn
       | of the marketeers, eventually.
        
         | panzagl wrote:
         | This article is like a cockroach in a restaurant dining room.
         | Azure has one, GCP/AWS does not.
        
           | markus_zhang wrote:
           | Awaiting for the AWS/GCP one...
        
           | axelriet wrote:
           | The thing with cockroaches is that if even a single one is
           | seen in the dining room and someone calls environmental
           | health, regardless of the restaurant's prestige, they close
           | it with immediate effect until they get their act together
           | and a food sanitation inspection clears them.
           | 
           | At the end, everyone feels better, in particular the
           | customers.
        
       | pwarner wrote:
       | My comment history here is full of complaints about MS Teams, the
       | chat app. It suffers from the "re-use every existing MS tech"
       | problem. Building it on top of SharePoint I'm pretty sure
       | resulted in it's top problems over the years (some fixed): -
       | search sucked - can't scroll back to old messages - couldn't do
       | private channels - the very concept of 1:1 teams to SharePoint
       | site, resulting in a millions teams when all you really wanted
       | was a channel - can't rename teams or channels - couldn't do
       | private channels
       | 
       | I'm sure many more I didn't catch. These are all observations
       | from outside, I've never worked at MS
        
       | barelysapient wrote:
       | Is it just me or does this describe most of Microsoft software at
       | the moment? I tried to sign into my personal microsoft account to
       | setup an oauth flow and I was greated by an infinity repeating
       | error dialog about some internal service that had failed.
       | 
       | At work, I use outlook. The number of times I've gotten caught in
       | an auth loop where I enter again and again my creds + tfa only
       | for the screen to flicker and start all over again.
       | 
       | Complete garbage.
        
       | gigel82 wrote:
       | I have no doubt Azure sucks, but almost all huge projects like
       | that have systemic issues.
       | 
       | Axel sounds like a pretty smart guy, but wanted to point out I've
       | seen this kind of behavior before, often from mid-level "job-
       | hopping" engineers (sometimes with overly inflated egos) that
       | overconfidently declare everything the organization is doing is
       | BS and they have the magic solution to it.
       | 
       | And yes, sometimes by sending long winded emails to very large
       | internal groups about how their solution will address all the
       | problems if only someone recognize their genius (and eventually
       | give them a VP title and budget). Some of the time, they are well
       | intended but missing crucial historical knowledge about why
       | things are in the state they are and why what they're proposing
       | was tried 5 times before and failed.
        
       | palmotea wrote:
       | > Furthermore, I contributed to brainstorming the early Overlake
       | cards in 2020-2021, drafting a proposal for a Host OS <->
       | Accelerator Card communication protocol and network stack, when
       | all we had was a debugger's serial connection. I also served as a
       | Core OS specialist, helping Azure Core engineers diagnose deep OS
       | issues.
       | 
       | What exactly are these "Overlake accelerator cards"? What are
       | they accelerating?
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | Courtesy of Google: https://glennklockwood.com/garden/Azure-
         | SmartNIC
        
       | phillipcarter wrote:
       | This smells of someone's Clawd writing something deceptively,
       | much like the other semi-viral content that landed on reddit
       | related to DoorDash systems.
        
       | jrmg wrote:
       | If, like me, you started reading and after a while started
       | thinking "Wait, how many parts is this going to be in!?", the
       | answer is "six".
        
       | LeoStehlik wrote:
       | Back in 2011 at Fujitsu, I ran one of the earliest Azure
       | production subscriptions outside Microsoft. Windows Azure,
       | mid-2011. I've watched this platform for 15 years from the
       | outside.
       | 
       | Part 1 barely scratches the surface. Read parts 2 through 6.
       | 
       | The 173 agents story, the 200 manual node interventions per day,
       | the WireServer sitting on the secure host side with unencrypted
       | tenant memory mixed in shared address space, the letters to the
       | EVP, the CEO, the Board - not a single acknowledgment.
       | 
       | The most damning thing in this series ... except for technical
       | debt ... is the silence at the top when someone handed them the
       | diagnosis on a plate.
       | 
       | Cutler's original vision was "no human touch." The gap between
       | that and what Azure actually became is where the trillion dollars
       | went.
       | 
       | Go read the rest. It's worth it.
       | 
       | Meanwhile on LinkedIn, there are still comments how adorable
       | Microsoft leadership under Satya is... a carefully crafted PR
       | image.
        
       | drob518 wrote:
       | Great series of articles and completely believable. My first
       | thought after reading is I hope the author doesn't get sued for
       | violating his non-disclosure agreement.
        
       | gitowiec wrote:
       | We say in Poland that the fish rots from the head down!
        
       | throwaway0703 wrote:
       | Throwaway since I may want to work at Microsoft again one day.
       | 
       | Given my own experience at Azure I believe all of this. The post
       | demonstrates there are serious management and structural issues
       | throughout a large part, if not all, of the organization. And it
       | definitely sheds some light on my experiences with the networking
       | platform being so fragile and unreliable.
       | 
       | This post lends credence to the idea that large companies only
       | care about security just enough to either not get compromised, or
       | "just" to get mildly compromised. Defense in depth costs too much
       | in management's eyes, and they consider it a more wise use of
       | resources to patch the holes after they're made rather than
       | prevent them in the first place.
       | 
       | Thanks to the author for sharing, and I hope your subsequent role
       | is more enjoyable. It feels like the only way to make the
       | structural changes being suggested is to climb the corporate
       | ladder to accumulate sufficient power plus social and political
       | capital, and then get buy in to painstakingly steer that behemoth
       | of an organization in a safer and more sustainable direction.
        
       | philipallstar wrote:
       | When the CEO is a product person and you need a platform:
        
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