[HN Gopher] The case for zero-error horizons in trustworthy LLMs
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The case for zero-error horizons in trustworthy LLMs
        
       Author : daigoba66
       Score  : 66 points
       Date   : 2026-04-02 15:35 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (arxiv.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (arxiv.org)
        
       | charcircuit wrote:
       | Why didn't OpenAI finetune the model to use the python tool it
       | has for these tasks?
        
         | ej88 wrote:
         | They do, in the paper they mention they evaluate the LLM
         | without tools
        
       | throwuxiytayq wrote:
       | > This is surprising given the excellent capabilities of GPT-5.2.
       | 
       | Is this seriously surprising to anyone who knows _the absolute
       | minimum_ about how LLMs parse and understand text?
        
         | dontlikeyoueith wrote:
         | Nope.
         | 
         | It's only surprising to people who still think they're going to
         | build God out of LLMs.
        
           | simianwords wrote:
           | It was surprising to me and when I reviewed the paper, I
           | found serious flaws that calls the fundamental claims into
           | question - they didn't use any reasoning tokens. Any LLM or
           | human will fail at a task like this if not allowed to think.
        
       | staticshock wrote:
       | LLMs seem to me closer to Kahneman's System 1 than to System 2.
       | When understood in this way, it is obvious why LLMs are bad at
       | counting r's in "strawberries". But it also makes ZEH feel like
       | it couldn't possibly be a useful metric, because it's a System 2
       | evaluation applied to a System 1 system.
        
         | 8note wrote:
         | > When understood in this way, it is obvious why LLMs are bad
         | at counting r's in "strawberries".
         | 
         | no it doesnt. it makes sense that they cant count the rs
         | because they dont have access to the actual word, only tokens
         | that might represent parts or the whole of the word
        
           | orbital-decay wrote:
           | Tokenization is a simplistic explanation which is likely
           | wrong, at least in part. They're perfectly fine reciting
           | words character by character, using different tokenization
           | strategies for the same word if forced to (e.g. replacing the
           | starting space or breaking words up into basic character
           | tokens), complex word formation in languages that heavily
           | depend on it, etc. LLMs work with concepts rather than
           | tokens.
        
         | im3w1l wrote:
         | A big part of skill aquisition in humans is moving tasks from
         | system 2 to system 1, to free up the very scarce thinking
         | resources for ever more complex tasks, that can then in turn be
         | internalized and handled by system 1.
        
       | parliament32 wrote:
       | > This is surprising given the excellent capabilities of GPT-5.2
       | 
       | The real surprise is that someone writing a paper on LLMs doesn't
       | understand the baseline capabilities of a hallucinatory text
       | generator (with tool use disabled).
        
         | coldtea wrote:
         | The real suprise is people saying it's surprising when
         | researchers and domain experts state something the former think
         | goes against common sense/knowledge - as if they got them, and
         | those researcers didn't already think their naive counter-
         | argument already.
        
       | justinator wrote:
       | One! Two! Five!
        
         | aogaili wrote:
         | You are polluting future training data.
        
           | 4b11b4 wrote:
           | April fools
        
       | burningion wrote:
       | Ran this through Qwen3.5-397B-A17B, and the difference between 4
       | characters and 5 is wild to see:
       | 
       | > are the following parenthesis balanced? ((())))
       | 
       | > No, the parentheses are not balanced.
       | 
       | > Here is the breakdown:                   Opening parentheses (:
       | 3         Closing parentheses ): 4
       | 
       | ... following up with:
       | 
       | > what about these? ((((())))
       | 
       | > Yes, the parentheses are balanced.
       | 
       | > Here is the breakdown:                    Opening parentheses
       | (: 5          Closing parentheses ): 5
       | 
       | ... and uses ~5,000 tokens to get the wrong answer.
        
       | BugsJustFindMe wrote:
       | People are going to misinterpret this and overgeneralize the
       | claim. This does not say that AI isn't reliable for things. It
       | provides a method for quantifying the reliability for specific
       | tasks.
       | 
       | You wouldn't say that a human who doesn't know how to read isn't
       | reliable in everything, just in reading.
       | 
       | Counting is something that even humans need to learn how to do.
       | Toddlers also don't understand quantity. If a 2 year old is able
       | to count to even 10 it's through memorization and not
       | understanding. It takes them like 2 more years of learning before
       | they're able to comprehend things like numerical correspondence.
       | But they do still know how to do other things that aren't
       | counting before then.
        
         | irishcoffee wrote:
         | > Counting is something that even humans need to learn how to
         | do. Toddlers also don't understand quantity. If they're able to
         | count to even 10 it's through memorization and not
         | understanding.
         | 
         | I completely agree with you. LLMs are regurgitation machines
         | with less intellect than a toddler, you nailed it.
         | 
         | AI is here!
        
         | coldtea wrote:
         | > _Counting is something that even humans need to learn how to
         | do_
         | 
         | No human who can program, solve advanced math problems, or can
         | talk about advanced problem domains at expert level, however,
         | would fail to count to 5.
         | 
         | This is not a mere "LLMs, like humans, also need to be taught
         | this" but points to a fundamental mismatch about how humans and
         | LLMs learn.
         | 
         | (And even if they merely needed to be taught, why would their
         | huge corpus fail to cover that "teaching", but cover way more
         | advanced topics in math solving and other domains?)
        
         | nkrisc wrote:
         | You're conflating counting and language.
         | 
         | Many animals can count. Counting is recognizing that the box
         | with 3 apples is preferable to the one with 2 apples.
         | 
         | Yes, 2 year olds might struggle with the externalization of
         | numeric identities but if you have 1 M&M in one hand and 5 in
         | the other and ask which they want, they'll take the 5.
         | 
         | LLMs have the language part down, but fundamentally can't
         | count.
        
           | BugsJustFindMe wrote:
           | The concept of bigger/smaller is useful but is a distinct
           | skill from counting. If you spread the M&Ms apart enough that
           | the part of the brain responsible for gestalt clustering
           | can't group them into a "bigger whole" signal, they'll no
           | longer be able to do the thing you're saying (this is the law
           | of proximity in gestalt psychology).
        
             | adrian_b wrote:
             | Most animals can distinguish bigger from smaller.
             | 
             | However many animals can distinguish independently small
             | numbers, like 3 or 5, and recognize them whenever they see
             | them.
             | 
             | So in this respect, there is little difference between
             | humans and many animals. Humans learn to count to
             | arbitrarily big numbers, but they can still easily
             | recognize only small numbers.
        
               | BugsJustFindMe wrote:
               | > _many animals can distinguish independently small
               | numbers, like 3 or 5_
               | 
               | This is called subitizing. It's distinct from counting.
               | We can see the difference in humans with Simultanagnosia,
               | who are unable to count beyond the subitizing range.
               | Subitizing is categorizing the scale of a small gestalt
               | group.
               | 
               | The only thing I've ever seen where an animal appeared to
               | demonstrate counting (up to 3) without training was in
               | rhesus monkeys (maybe also chimpanzees?), but even that
               | experiment could be explained through temporal gestalt.
               | (It's the only reason I know of for them to not have been
               | able to go higher than 3 in that experiment in the
               | context of many other things that they can do.)
        
               | somethingweird wrote:
               | Even parrots can count to 6 and more, I would be
               | surprised if primates couldn't.
        
         | Topfi wrote:
         | Respectfully, toddlers cannot output useable code or have
         | otherwise memorised results to an immense number of maths
         | equations.
         | 
         | What this points at is the abstraction/emergence crux of it
         | all. Why does an otherwise very capable LLM such as the GPT-5
         | series, despite having been trained on vastly more examples of
         | frontend code of all shapes, sizes and quality levels, struggle
         | to abstract all that training data to the point where
         | outputting any frontend that deviates from the clearly used
         | examples?
         | 
         | If LLMs, as they are now, were comparable with human learning,
         | there'd be no scenario where a model that can provide output
         | solving highly advanced equations can not count properly.
         | 
         | Similarly, a model such as GPT-5 trained on nearly all frontend
         | code ever committed to any repo online, would have internalised
         | more than that one template OpenAI predominantly leaned on.
         | 
         | These models, I think at this point there is little doubt, are
         | impressive tools, but they still do not generalise or abstract
         | information in the way a human mind does. Doesn't make them
         | less impactful for industries, etc. but it makes any comparison
         | to humans not very suitable.
        
           | BugsJustFindMe wrote:
           | > _What this points at is the abstraction /emergence crux of
           | it all. Why does_
           | 
           | This paper has nothing to do with any questions starting with
           | "why". It provides a metric for quantifying error on specific
           | tasks.
           | 
           | > _If LLMs, as they are now, were comparable with human
           | learning_
           | 
           | I think I missed the part where they need to be.
           | 
           | > _struggle to abstract all that training data to the point
           | where outputting any frontend that deviates from the clearly
           | used examples? ... a model such as GPT-5 trained on nearly
           | all frontend code ever committed to any repo online, would
           | have internalised more than that one template OpenAI
           | predominantly leaned on_
           | 
           | There is a very big and very important difference between
           | producing the same thing again and not being able to produce
           | something else. When not given any reason to produce
           | something else, humans also generate the same thing over and
           | over. That's a problem of missing constraints, not of missing
           | ability.
           | 
           | Long before AI there was this thing called Twitter Bootstrap.
           | It dominated the web for...much longer than it should have.
           | And that tragedy was done entirely by us meatsacks (not me
           | personally). Where there's no goal for different output
           | there's no reason to produce different output, and LLMs don't
           | have their own goals because they don't have any mechanisms
           | for desire (we hope).
           | 
           | [I've edited this comment for content and format]
        
             | Topfi wrote:
             | [...] common trope that was proven false years ago by the
             | existence of zero shot learning.
             | 
             | Ok, that's better than comparing LLMs to humans. ZSL
             | however, has not proven anything of that sort false years
             | ago, as it was mainly concerned with assessing whether LLMs
             | are solely relying on precise instruction training or can
             | generalise in a very limited degree beyond the initial
             | tuning. That has never allowed for comparing human learning
             | to LLM training.
             | 
             | Ironically, you are writing this under a paper that shows
             | just that:
             | 
             | A model that cannot determine a short strings parity cannot
             | have abstracted from the training data to arrive at the far
             | more impressive and complicated maths challenges which it
             | successfully solves in output. Some of the solutions we
             | have seen in output require such innate understanding that,
             | if there is no generalisation, far deeper than ZSL has ever
             | shown, than this must come from training. Simple
             | multiplication, etc. maybe, not the tasks people such as
             | Easy Riders [0] throw at these models.
             | 
             | This paper shows exactly that even with ZSL, these models
             | do only abstract in an incredibly limited manner and a lot
             | of capabilities we see in the output are specifically
             | trained, not generalised. Yes, generalisation in a limited
             | capacity can happen, but no, it is not nearly close enough
             | to yield some of the results we are seeing. I have also,
             | neither here, nor in my initial comment, said that LLMs are
             | only capable of outputting what their training data
             | provides, merely that given what GPT-5 has been trained
             | with, if there was any deeper abstraction these models
             | gained during training, it'd be able to provide more than
             | one frontend style.
             | 
             | Or to put it simpler, if the output provided can be useful
             | for Maths at the Bachelor level and beyond and this
             | capability is generalised as you believe, these tasks would
             | not be a struggle for the model.
             | 
             | [0] https://www.youtube.com/@easy_riders
        
             | Topfi wrote:
             | Just saw the edit.
             | 
             | > When not given any reason to produce something else,
             | humans also generate the same thing over and over. That's a
             | problem of missing constraints, not of missing ability.
             | 
             | Ignoring the comparison with humans, yes, LLMs don't output
             | something unless prompted specifically, of course. My point
             | with GPT-5 was that, no matter how you prompt, you cannot
             | get salvageable frontend code from this line of models.
             | 
             | OpenAI themselves tried and failed appallingly [0]. Call it
             | "constraints", call it "reason", call it "prompting", you
             | cannot get frontend code that deviates significantly from
             | their card laden training data. Despite GPT-5 having been
             | trained with more high quality frontend code examples than
             | any human could ever read in a lifetime, that one template
             | is over presented, because the model never generalised
             | anything akin to an understanding of UI principles or what
             | code yields a specific design.
             | 
             | These are solvable problems, mind you, but not because a
             | model at some stage gains anything that one could call an
             | abstract understanding of these concepts. Instead, by
             | providing better training data or being clever in how you
             | provide existing training data.
             | 
             | Gemini 3 and Claude 4 class models have a more varied
             | training set, specifically of frontend templates yielding
             | better results though if you do any extended testing you
             | will see these repeat constantly because again, these
             | models never abstract from that template collection [1].
             | 
             | Moonshot meanwhile with K2.5 did a major leap by tying
             | their frontend code tightly to visual input, leveraging the
             | added vision encoder [2]. They are likely not the only ones
             | doing that, but the first that clearly stated it reading
             | the system cards. Even there, the gains are limited to a
             | selection of very specific templates.
             | 
             | In either case, more specific data, not abstractions by
             | these models yield improvements.
             | 
             | > Twitter Bootstrap [...] entirely by us meatsacks (not me
             | personally). Where there's no goal for different output
             | there's no reason to produce different output, and LLMs
             | don't have their own goals because they don't have any
             | mechanisms for desire (we hope).
             | 
             | What? So because some devs relied on Bootstrap that means,
             | what exactly? That no one asked/told them to leverage a
             | different solution, be more creative, what?
             | 
             | Again ignoring the comparison to humans which just is not
             | appropriate for this tech, we can and do prompt models for
             | specific frontend output. We are, if you must, providing
             | the goal. The model however cannot accomplish said goal,
             | even OpenAI cannot get GPT-5s lineage to deviate from their
             | one template.
             | 
             | If we must stick with the human comparison and if we must
             | further limit it to Bootstrap, GPT-5 despite being
             | specifically prompted to never use the Carousel in
             | Bootstrap, can not output any website without including a
             | Carousel, because the template it was trained on included
             | one. Any human developer asked to do so would just not
             | include a Carousel, because their abilities are abstracted
             | beyond the one Bootstrap template they first learned with.
             | But if we truly wanted to make this fair, it'd actually
             | have to be a human who was trained on thousands of
             | Bootstrap example pages, but just one template really well
             | and never connected anything between that one and the
             | others. Which isn't very human, but then again, that's why
             | this comparison is not really a solid one.
             | 
             | [0] Subjectively not one good result, objectively even
             | their team of experts could not get their own model to
             | seize the telltale signs of GPT frontend slop that
             | originated from a template they have been training with
             | since Horizon:
             | https://developers.openai.com/blog/designing-delightful-
             | fron...
             | 
             | [1] https://ui-design-bench.vercel.app
             | 
             | [2] https://www.kimi.com/blog/kimi-k2-5
        
       | kenjackson wrote:
       | Whenveer I see these papers and try them, they always work. This
       | paper is two months old, which in LLM years is like 10 years of
       | progress.
       | 
       | It would be interesting to actively track how far long each
       | progressive model gets...
        
         | coldtea wrote:
         | Even more interesting to track how many of those are just ad-
         | hoc patched.
        
           | raincole wrote:
           | Probably zero. At the end of the day people pay for LLMs that
           | write better code or summarize PDFs of hundreds of pages
           | faster, not the ones that can count the letter r's better.
           | 
           | When LLMs can't count r's: see? LLMs can't think. Hoax!
           | 
           | When LLMs count r's: see? They patched and benchmark-maxxed.
           | Hoax!
           | 
           | You just can't reason with the anti-LLM group.
        
             | toraway wrote:
             | Whenever an "LLM fail" goes viral like the car wash
             | question, you can observe the exact same wording of the
             | question get "fixed" within a week or so. With slight
             | variations in phrasing still able to replicate the problem.
             | 
             | Followed by lots of "works perfectly for me, why are people
             | even talking about this?"
             | 
             | I can't say what exactly they're doing behind the scenes
             | but it's a consistent pattern among the big SOTA model
             | providers. With obvious incentive to "fix" the problem so
             | users will then organically "debunk" the meme as they try
             | it themselves and share their experiences.
        
               | simianwords wrote:
               | You are misremembering. There's no patch. All these
               | examples used the instant model.
        
             | coldtea wrote:
             | The same non-argument could be said for all kinds of
             | cheating on benchmarks by tech companies and yet we have
             | tons of documented example of them caught with pants down.
             | 
             | > _You just can 't reason with the anti-LLM group._
             | 
             | On the contrary, the reasoning is simple and consistent:
             | 
             | LLMs can't count r's shows that LLM don't actually think
             | the way we understand thought (since nobody with the kind
             | of high skills they have in other areas would fail that).
             | And because of that, there are (likely) patches for
             | commonly reported cases, since it's a race to IPO and
             | benchmark-maxxing is very much conceivable.
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | Yeah well I presume at this point they have an agent download
         | new LLM related papers as they come out and add all edge cases
         | to their training set asap.
         | 
         | Is tokenization extremely efficient? Yes. Does it fundamentally
         | break character-level understanding? Also yes. The only fix is
         | endless memorization.
        
         | wg0 wrote:
         | Actually almost all LLMs when they write numbered sections in a
         | markdown have the counting wrong. They miss the numbers in
         | between and such.
         | 
         | So yes.
         | 
         | And the valuations. Trillion dollar grifter industry.
        
         | revachol wrote:
         | I just tried it in ChatGPT "Auto" and it didn't work
         | 
         | > Yes -- ((((()))))) is balanced.
         | 
         | > It has 6 opening ( and 6 closing ), and they're properly
         | nested.
         | 
         | Though it did work when using "Extensive Thinking". The model
         | wrote a Python program to solve this.
         | 
         | > Almost balanced -- ((((()))))) has 5 opening parentheses and
         | 6 closing parentheses, so it has one extra ).
         | 
         | > A balanced version would be: ((((()))))
         | 
         | Testing a couple of different models without a harness such
         | that no tool calls are possible would be interesting
        
           | kenjackson wrote:
           | Weird. I tried in chatGPT auto and it worked perfectly. I
           | tried like 10 variations. I also did the letters in words.
           | Got all of them right.
           | 
           | The one thing I did trip it up on was "Is there the sh sound
           | in the word transportation". It said no. And then realized I
           | asked for "sound" not letters. It then subsequently got the
           | rest of the "sounds-like" tests I did.
           | 
           | Clearly, my ChatGPT is just better than yours.
        
             | revachol wrote:
             | heh, interesting that. I just tried it twice more with
             | ChatGPT "Instant" (disabling "Auto-switch to Thinking") and
             | it got it wrong both times. Does yours get it right without
             | thinking or tool calls? If so, maybe it does like you
             | better than me.
        
               | kenjackson wrote:
               | OK, I didn't think to disable switch to thinking (didn't
               | know this was a mode). When I did that then it did get it
               | wrong -- oddly it took about the same amount of time, so
               | thinking mode wasn't taking longer, but it was more
               | accurate.
        
               | revachol wrote:
               | Right, though I didn't explicitly disable thinking for my
               | first attempt either. I'd guess my prompt was less
               | detailed than yours and so ChatGPT (in "Auto" mode)
               | decided to allocate thinking tokens for your questions
               | but not mine.
        
         | azakai wrote:
         | You are trying it on a production model. The paper is using
         | models with tool calls disabled.
        
         | simianwords wrote:
         | It worked for you because the paper does the experiment without
         | allowing the model to use any reasoning tokens - something that
         | is grossly misleading.
        
       | bigstrat2003 wrote:
       | Let us be very clear: there is no such thing as a trustworthy
       | LLM. Time and again they have shown that they understand nothing.
       | They can be useful in the right context, but you can't trust them
       | _at all_.
        
       | pants2 wrote:
       | Doesn't this just look like another case of "count the r's in
       | strawberry" ie not understanding how tokenization works?
       | 
       | This is well known and not that interesting to me - ask the model
       | to use python to solve any of these questions and it will get it
       | right every time.
        
         | wahnfrieden wrote:
         | It's not dismissible as a misunderstanding of tokens. LLMs also
         | embed knowledge of spelling - that's how they fixed the
         | strawberry issue. It's a valid criticism and evaluation.
        
           | cr125rider wrote:
           | Seems like it's maybe also a tool steering problem. These
           | models should be reaching for tools to help solve factual
           | problems. LLM should stick to prose.
        
             | emp17344 wrote:
             | I think this is still useful research that calls into
             | question how "smart" these models are. If the model needs a
             | separate tool to solve a problem, has the model really
             | solved the problem, or just outsourced it to a harness that
             | it's been trained - via reinforcement learning - to call
             | upon?
        
               | azakai wrote:
               | It has "outsourced" it to another component, sure, but
               | does that matter?
               | 
               | What the user sees is the total behavior of the entire
               | system, not whether the system has internal divisions and
               | separations.
        
               | emp17344 wrote:
               | It matters if you're curious about whether AGI is
               | possible. Have we really built "thinking machines", or
               | are these systems just elaborate harnesses that leverage
               | the non-deterministic nature of LLMs?
        
               | azakai wrote:
               | An "elaborate harness" that can break down a problem into
               | sub-tasks, write Python scripts for the ones it can't
               | solve itself, and then combine the results, seems able to
               | solve a wide range of cognitive tasks?
               | 
               | At least in theory.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | What is a difference? If the "elaborate harness" consists
               | of mix of "classical" code and ML model invocations, at
               | which point it's disqualified from consideration for
               | "thinking machine"? Best we can tell, even our brains
               | have parts that are "dumb", interfacing with the parts
               | that we consider "where the magic happens".
        
               | dghlsakjg wrote:
               | Does it matter if the LLM can solve the problem or if it
               | knows to use a resource?
               | 
               | There's plenty of math that I couldn't even begin to
               | solve without a calculator or other tool. Doesn't mean
               | I'm not solving math problems.
               | 
               | In woodworking, the advice is to let the tool do the
               | work. Does someone using a power saw have less claim to
               | having built something than a handsaw user? Does a CNC
               | user not count as a woodworker because the machine is
               | doing the part that would be hard or impossible for a
               | human?
        
             | stratos123 wrote:
             | Are you still talking about this paper? No tools were
             | allowed in it.
        
           | azakai wrote:
           | I do think this is a tool issue. Here is what the article
           | says:
           | 
           | > For the multiplication task, note that agents that make
           | external calls to a calculator tool may have ZEH = [?]. While
           | ZEH = [?] does have meaning, in this paper we primarily
           | evaluate the LLM itself without external tool calls
           | 
           | The models can count to infinity if you give them access to
           | tools. The production models do this.
           | 
           | Not that the paper is wrong, it is still interesting to
           | measure the core neural network of a model. But modern models
           | use tools.
        
           | Lerc wrote:
           | The r's in strawberry presents a different level of task to
           | what people imagine. It seems trivial to a naive observer
           | because the answer is easily derivable from the question
           | without extra knowledge.
           | 
           | A more accurate analogy for humans would be to imagine if
           | every word had a colour. You are told that there are also a
           | sequence of different colours that correspond to the same
           | colour as that word. You are even given a book showing every
           | combination to memorise.
           | 
           | You learn the colours well enough that you can read and write
           | coherently using them.
           | 
           | Then comes the question of how many chocolate-browns are in
           | teal-with-a-hint-of-red. You know that teal-with-a-hint-of-
           | red is a fruit and you know that the colour can also be
           | constructed by crimson followed by Disney-blond. Now, do both
           | of those contain chocolate-brown or just one of them, how
           | many?
           | 
           | It requires excersizing memory to do a task that is
           | underrepresented in the training data because humans simply
           | do not have to do the task at all when the answer can be
           | derived from the question representation. Humans also don't
           | have the ability that the LLMs need but the letter
           | representation doesn't need that ability.
        
             | wahnfrieden wrote:
             | That's what makes it a fair evaluation and something that
             | requires improvement. We shouldn't only evaluate agent
             | skills by what is most commonly represented in training
             | data. We expect performance from them on areas that
             | existing training data may be deficient at providing. You
             | don't need to invent an absurdity to find these cases.
        
               | Lerc wrote:
               | It's reasonable to test their ability to do this, and
               | it's worth working to make it better.
               | 
               | The issue is that people claim the performance is
               | representative of a human's performance in the same
               | situation. That gives an incorrect overall estimation of
               | ability.
        
         | graemefawcett wrote:
         | It's not just an issue of tokenization, it's almost a category
         | error. Lisp, accounting and the number of r's in strawberry are
         | all operations that require state. Balancing
         | ((your)((lisp)(parens))) requires a stack, count r's in
         | strawberry requires a register, counting to 5 requires an
         | accumulator to hold 4.
         | 
         | An LLM is a router and completely stateless aside from the
         | context you feed into it. Attention is just routing the
         | probability distribution of the next token, and I'm not sure
         | that's going to accumulate much in a single pass.
        
       | grey-area wrote:
       | To those saying this is not surprising, yes it will be surprising
       | to the general public who are being served ads from huge
       | companies like MS or OpenAI saying LLMs can help with their
       | accounting, help them close deals by crunching the numbers in
       | seconds, write complex code for them etc etc.
       | 
       | This is important information for anyone to understand who thinks
       | these systems are thinking, reasoning, and learning from them or
       | that they're having a conversation with them i.e. 90% of users of
       | LLMs.
        
         | orbital-decay wrote:
         | Quick sanity check: you're susceptible to pretty irresistible
         | optical illusions which would never fool a VLM, does it mean
         | you're not thinking? In fact, with a non-monospaced font I also
         | have trouble determining whether these parens are balanced, and
         | have to select them with the mouse, i.e. use a "dumb" tool, to
         | make sure.
         | 
         | Reminder that "thinking" is an ill-defined term like others,
         | and the question whether they "think" is basically irrelevant.
         | No intelligent system, human or machine, will _ever_ have zero
         | error rate, due to the very nature of intelligence (another
         | vague term). You have to deal with that the same way you deal
         | with it in humans - either treat bugs as bugs and build systems
         | resilient to bugs, or accept the baseline error rate if it 's
         | low enough.
        
         | stratos123 wrote:
         | > saying LLMs can help with their accounting, help them close
         | deals by crunching the numbers in seconds, write complex code
         | for them etc etc.
         | 
         | Why do you think the results of this paper contradict these
         | claims at all?
        
         | stronglikedan wrote:
         | > general public
         | 
         | and the C-suite
        
       | simianwords wrote:
       | There's no way this is right. I checked complicated ones with the
       | latest thinking model. Can someone come up with a counter
       | example?
       | 
       | Edit: here's what I tried
       | https://chatgpt.com/share/69cebb52-56a8-838f-969c-c47308262a...
        
         | pton_xd wrote:
         | "in this paper we primarily evaluate the LLM itself without
         | external tool calls."
         | 
         | Maybe this is a factor?
        
           | simianwords wrote:
           | No tools were used.
        
             | chromacity wrote:
             | IIRC, web chat often uses tools / code without surfacing
             | this information in any obvious way.
        
         | stratos123 wrote:
         | Did you use the exact API call shown in the paper? I am unable
         | to replicate the paper's counterexamples via the chat UI, but
         | that's not very surprising (if the LLM already only fails a few
         | cases out of thousands, the small differences in context
         | between API and chat might fix them).
        
           | simianwords wrote:
           | I tried this https://chatgpt.com/share/69cebb52-56a8-838f-969
           | c-c47308262a...
        
       | emp17344 wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
         | Topfi wrote:
         | No disrespect to them, but unless there is a financial
         | incentive at stake for them (beyond SnP500 exposure), I've
         | gotten to viewing this through the lens of sports teams, gaming
         | consoles and religions. You pick your side, early and guided by
         | hype and there is no way that choice can have been wrong (just
         | like the Wii U, Dreamcast, etc. was the best).
         | 
         | Their viewpoint on this technology has become part of the
         | identity for some unfortunately and any position that isn't
         | either "AGI imminent" or "This is useless" can cause some major
         | emotions.
         | 
         | Thing is, this finding being the case (along with all other LLM
         | limits) does not mean that these models aren't impactful and
         | shouldn't be scrutinised, nor does it mean they are useless.
         | The truth is likely just a bit more nuanced than a narrow
         | extreme.
         | 
         | Also, mental health impact, job losses for white collar
         | workers, privacy issues, concerns of rights holders on training
         | data collection, all the current day impacts of LLMs are easily
         | brushed aside by someone believing that LLMs are near the
         | "everyone dies" stage, which just so happens to be helpful if
         | one were to run a lab. Same if you believe these are useless
         | and will never get better, any discussion about real-life
         | impacts is seen as trying to slowly get them to accept LLMs as
         | a reality, when to them, they never were and never will be.
        
           | entropicdrifter wrote:
           | I have a friend who is a Microsoft stan who feels this way
           | about LLMs too. He's convinced he'll become the most
           | powerful, creative and productive genius of all time if he
           | just manages to master the LLM workflow just right.
           | 
           | He's retired so I guess there's no harm in letting him try
        
         | ziml77 wrote:
         | I suspect they're afraid that if the hype dies, so will the
         | pace of progress on LLMs as well as their cheap/free usage of
         | them.
        
         | stratos123 wrote:
         | I tend to be annoyed whenever I see a paper with a scandalous
         | title like that, because all such papers that I've seen
         | previously were (charitably) bad or (uncharitably)
         | intentionally misleading. Like that infamous Apple paper "The
         | Illusion of Thinking" where the researchers didn't care that
         | the solution for the problem provided (a Towers of Hanoi with N
         | up to 20) couldn't possibly fit in the allotted space.
        
           | simianwords wrote:
           | I checked the paper and got to know that absolutely no
           | reasoning was used for the experiments. So it was as good as
           | using an instant model. We already know that this is
           | necessary to solve anything a bit complicated.
           | 
           | In this case your intuition is completely valid and yet
           | another case of misleading.
        
         | nonameiguess wrote:
         | It's bizarre as hell. Another response compares it to sports
         | fandom, which tracks. It reminds me of the "flare up" ethos of
         | r/CFB, meaning they believe you're not allowed to comment on
         | anything if you don't declare which NCAA Americal football team
         | you're a fan of, because if you do, then anything you ever say
         | can be dismissed with "ah rich coming a fan of team X" like no
         | discussion can ever be had that might be construed as criticism
         | if your own tribe is not perfect and beyond critique itself.
         | 
         | This is stupid enough even in the realm of sports fandom, but
         | how does it make any sense in science? Imagine if any time we
         | studied or enumerated the cognitive biases and logical
         | fallacies in human thinking the gut response of these same
         | people was an immediate "yeah, well dogs are even stupider!" No
         | shit, but it's non-sequitur. Are we forever banned from
         | studying the capabilities and limitations of software systems
         | because humans also have limitations?
        
         | ticulatedspline wrote:
         | > There's a certain type of person who reacts with rage when
         | anyone points out flaws with <thing>. Why is that?
         | 
         | FIFY, it's not endemic to here or LLMs. point out Mac issues to
         | an Apple fan, problems with a vehicle to <insert
         | car/brand/model> fan, that their favorite band sucks, that
         | their voted representative is a PoS.
         | 
         | Most people aren't completely objective about everything and
         | thus have some non-objective emotional attachment to things
         | they like. A subset of those people perceive criticism as a
         | personal attack, are compelled to defend their position, or are
         | otherwise unable to accept/internalize that criticism so they
         | respond with anger or rage.
        
         | simianwords wrote:
         | This paper itself is flawed, misleading and unethical to
         | publish because the prompts they used resulted in zero
         | reasoning tokens. Its like asking a person point blank without
         | thinking to evaluate whether the string is balanced. Why do
         | this? And the worst part was, most people in this thread bought
         | the headline as it is from a flawed article. What does it tell
         | about _you_ that you just bought it without any skepticism?
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Please don't start generic flamewars on HN or impugn people who
         | take an opposing view to yours. Both these vectors lead to
         | tedious, unenlightening threads.
         | 
         | There's plenty of rage to go around on literally every divisive
         | topic, and it's not the place we want discussions to come from
         | here.
         | 
         | " _Eschew flamebait. Avoid generic tangents._ "
         | 
         | " _Comments should get more thoughtful and substantive, not
         | less, as a topic gets more divisive._ "
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
           | emp17344 wrote:
           | There are other users in this very thread using inflammatory
           | language to attack this paper and those who find the paper
           | compelling. One user says, quote: "You just can't reason with
           | the anti-LLM group."
           | 
           | In light of this, why was my comment - which was in large
           | part a reaction to the behavior of the users described above
           | - the only one called out here?
        
       | itsmyro wrote:
       | bruh
        
       | hu3 wrote:
       | > we found that GPT-5.2 cannot even compute the parity of a short
       | string like 11000, and GPT-5.2 cannot determine whether the
       | parentheses in ((((()))))) are balanced.
       | 
       | I think there is a valid insight here which many already know:
       | LLMs are much more reliable at creating scripts and automation to
       | do certain tasks than doing these tasks themselves.
       | 
       | For example if I provide an LLM my database schema and tell it to
       | scan for redundant indexes and point out wrong naming
       | conventions, it might do a passable but incomplete job.
       | 
       | But if I tell the LLM to code a python or nodejs script to do the
       | same, I get significantly better results. And it's often faster
       | too to generate and run the script than to let LLMs process large
       | SQL files.
        
         | plagiarist wrote:
         | The dream is probably that the inference software then writes
         | and executes that script without using text generation alone.
         | Analog to how a human might cross off pairs of parentheses to
         | check that example.
        
       | dwa3592 wrote:
       | Nice! Although I tried the parenthesis balanced question with
       | gemini and it gave the right answer in first attempt.
        
         | dwa3592 wrote:
         | but it's a tricky question for LLMs; it shows that if it's not
         | in the training set; LLMs could trip which kinda shows that the
         | intelligence is not generalized yet.
         | 
         | I tried this with gemini - (i am
         | trying(something(re(a(l(ly)c)r)a)z)((y)he)re)
         | 
         | and it tripped.
        
           | orbital-decay wrote:
           | Intuitively this looks like an architectural artifact (like
           | optical illusions in humans) or a natural property of
           | learning rather than a lack of generalization. I have issues
           | with your example too and have to count slowly to make sure.
        
       | simianwords wrote:
       | Can someone produce a single example <20 characters that fails
       | with latest thinking model? Can't seem to reproduce.
        
       | cineticdaffodil wrote:
       | Another strange thing is that they just dont know the endings of
       | popular stories. Like olanets that get blown up, etc. they just
       | dont have that material..
        
       | simianwords wrote:
       | This paper is complete nonsense. The specific prompt they used
       | doesn't specify reasoning effort. Which defaults to none.
       | {       "model": "gpt-5.2-2025-12-11",       "instructions": "Is
       | the parentheses string balanced? Answer with only Yes or No.",
       | "input": "((((())))))",       "temperature": 0        }
       | 
       | > Lower reasoning effort
       | 
       | The reasoning.effort parameter controls how many reasoning tokens
       | the model generates before producing a response. Earlier
       | reasoning models like o3 supported only low, medium, and high:
       | low favored speed and fewer tokens, while high favored more
       | thorough reasoning.
       | 
       | Starting with GPT-5.2, the lowest setting is none to provide
       | lower-latency interactions. This is the default setting in
       | GPT-5.2 and newer models. If you need more thinking, slowly
       | increase to medium and experiment with results.
       | 
       | With reasoning effort set to none, prompting is important. To
       | improve the model's reasoning quality, even with the default
       | settings, encourage it to "think" or outline its steps before
       | answering.
       | 
       | ---------------
       | 
       | So in the paper, the model very likely used no reasoning tokens.
       | (Only uses it if you ask for it specifically in prompt). What is
       | the point of such a paper? We already know that reasoning tokens
       | are necessary.
       | 
       | Edit: I actually ran the prompt and this was the response
       | {       "model": "gpt-5.2-2025-12-11",       "output_text":
       | "Yes",       "reasoning": {         "effort": "none",
       | "summary": null       },       "usage": {         "input_tokens":
       | 26,         "output_tokens": 5,         "total_tokens": 31,
       | "output_tokens_details": {           "reasoning_tokens": 0
       | }       }
       | 
       | }
       | 
       | So reasoning_tokens used were zero. So this whole paper is kinda
       | useless and misleading. Did this get peer reviewed or something?
        
         | Chobilet wrote:
         | I'm sure this comment was made in good faith, but most
         | researchers would rightfully understand these intricacies, and
         | this is likely intentional(as noted in the paper). At a quick
         | glance, I cannot say whether or not the paper has been peer
         | reviewed(though unlikely/in process given how recent it was
         | published). In general, you'd find published papers also listed
         | in a specific journal/conference(i.e. not just the archives
         | which anyone can submit to).
         | 
         | Additionally, many of us in the field of researching LLM's are
         | curious to understanding the boundaries and limitations of what
         | is capable. This paper isn't really meant as any sort of
         | "gotcha", rather serve as a possible basis point for future
         | work. Though with a caveat I'm still digesting the paper
         | myself.
        
           | simianwords wrote:
           | I'm asking, why use a thinking model without allowing it to
           | reason? No one uses it in that way..
           | 
           | >While LLMs appear extremely intelligent and capable of
           | reasoning, they sometimes make mistakes that seem
           | inconceivably foolish from a human perspective. For example,
           | GPT-5.2 can implement complex fluid dynamics simulation code,
           | yet it cannot even compute the parity of the short string
           | 11000, cannot determine whether the parentheses in
           | ((((()))))) are balanced, and makes calculation errors on 127
           | x 82 (Figure 1).
           | 
           | Why would they say it is capable of reasoning and then not
           | allow it to reason in the experiment?
        
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