[HN Gopher] Ollama is now powered by MLX on Apple Silicon in pre...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Ollama is now powered by MLX on Apple Silicon in preview
        
       Author : redundantly
       Score  : 602 points
       Date   : 2026-03-31 03:40 UTC (19 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (ollama.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (ollama.com)
        
       | babblingfish wrote:
       | LLMs on device is the future. It's more secure and solves the
       | problem of too much demand for inference compared to data center
       | supply, it also would use less electricity. It's just a matter of
       | getting the performance good enough. Most users don't need
       | frontier model performance.
        
         | gedy wrote:
         | Man I really hope so, as, as much as I like Claude Code, I hate
         | the company paying for it and tracking your usage, bullshit
         | management control, etc. I feel like I'm training my
         | replacement. Things feel like they are tightening vs more power
         | and freedom.
         | 
         | On device I would _gladly_ pay for good hardware - it 's my
         | machine and I'm using as I see fit like an IDE.
        
           | aurareturn wrote:
           | When local LLMs get good enough for you to use delightfully,
           | cloud LLMs will have gotten so much smarter that you'll still
           | use it for stuff that needs more intelligence.
        
             | gedy wrote:
             | True, but I'm already producing code/features faster than
             | company knows what to do with, (even though every company
             | says "omg we need this _yesterday_ ", etc). Even coding
             | before AI was basically same.
             | 
             | Code tools that free my time up is very nice.
        
             | dgb23 wrote:
             | That's not necessarily the case. So far, commercial cloud
             | LLMs have maintained a head-start, but there is no law of
             | nature that prevents us from having competitive open
             | models.
             | 
             | In fact the space seems to move at a rapid pace as more and
             | more specialized models come out. There's a possible
             | trajectory where open weight models will compete side by
             | side or even be preferable for many use cases, just like
             | what happened with OS's and SQL DB's.
        
         | aurareturn wrote:
         | It isn't going to replace cloud LLMs since cloud LLMs will
         | always be faster in throughput and smarter. Cloud and local
         | LLMs will grow together, not replace each other.
         | 
         | I'm not convinced that local LLMs use less electricity either.
         | Per token at the same level of intelligence, cloud LLMs should
         | run circles around local LLMs in efficiency. If it doesn't,
         | what are we paying hundreds of billions of dollars for?
         | 
         | I think local LLMs will continue to grow and there will be an
         | "ChatGPT" moment for it when good enough models meet good
         | enough hardware. We're not there yet though.
         | 
         | Note, this is why I'm big on investing in chip manufacture
         | companies. Not only are they completely maxed out due to cloud
         | LLMs, but soon, they will be double maxed out having to replace
         | local computer chips with ones that are suited for inferencing
         | AI. This is a massive transition and will fuel another chip
         | manufacturing boom.
        
           | AugSun wrote:
           | Looking at downvotes I feel good about SDE future in 3-5
           | years. We will have a swamp of "vibe-experts" who won't be
           | able to pay 100K a month to CC. Meanwhile, people who still
           | remember _how to code in Vim_ will (slowly) get back to pre-
           | COVID TC levels.
        
             | QuantumNomad_ wrote:
             | What is CC and TC? I have not heard these abbreviations
             | (except for CC to mean credit card or carbon copy, neither
             | of which is what I think you mean here).
        
               | Ericson2314 wrote:
               | I figured it out from context clues
               | 
               | CC: Claude Code
               | 
               | TC: total comp(ensation)
        
               | AugSun wrote:
               | Thank you for clarifying! (I had no idea it needs to be
               | explained, sorry.)
        
           | virtue3 wrote:
           | We are 100% there already. In browser.
           | 
           | the webgpu model in my browser on my m4 pro macbook was as
           | good as chatgpt 3.5 and doing 80+ tokens/s
           | 
           | Local is here.
        
             | AndroTux wrote:
             | Sir, ChatGPT 3.5 is more than 3 years old, running on your
             | bleeding edge M4 Pro hardware, and only proves the previous
             | commenters point.
        
             | AugSun wrote:
             | It works _really_ well for  "You're helpful assistant / Hi
             | / Hello there. how may I help you today?" Anything else
             | (esp in non-EN language) and you will see the limitations
             | yourself. just try it.
        
           | raincole wrote:
           | Yep. People were claiming DeepSeek was "almost as good as
           | SOTA" when it came out. Local will always be one step away
           | like fusion.
           | 
           | It's just wishful thinking (and hatred towards American
           | megacorps). Old as the hills. Understandable, but not based
           | on reality.
        
             | kortilla wrote:
             | Don't try to draw trend lines for an industry that has
             | existed for <5 years.
        
           | hrmtst93837 wrote:
           | You're assuming throughput sets the value, but offline use
           | and privacy change the tradeoff fast.
        
             | aurareturn wrote:
             | Yea I get that there will always be demand for local
             | waifus. I never said local LLMs won't be a thing. I even
             | said it will be a huge thing. Just won't replace cloud.
        
           | mirekrusin wrote:
           | Local RTX 5090 is actually faster than A100/H100.
        
             | aurareturn wrote:
             | It's a $4,000 GPU with 32GB of VRAM and needs a 1,000 watt
             | PSU. It's not realistic for the masses.
             | 
             | If it has something like 80GB of VRAM, it'll cost $10k.
             | 
             | The actual local LLM chip is Apple Silicon starting at the
             | M5 generation with matmul acceleration in the GPU. You can
             | run a good model using an M5 Max 128GB system. Good prompt
             | processing and token generation speeds. Good enough for
             | many things. Apple accidentally stumbled upon a huge
             | advantage in local LLMs through unified memory
             | architecture.
             | 
             | Still not for the masses and not cheap and not great
             | though. Going to be years to slowly enable local LLMs on
             | general mass local computers.
        
               | mirekrusin wrote:
               | Yes, it's expensive hobby.
        
             | fredoliveira wrote:
             | Crazy thing to say without other contextual information -
             | it obviously depends on a number of factors. Do you have an
             | apples to apples comparison at hand?
        
               | mirekrusin wrote:
               | Look it up.
        
         | AugSun wrote:
         | "Most users don't need frontier model performance"
         | unfortunately, this is not the case.
        
           | selcuka wrote:
           | Any citations? Because that was my impression, too. I want
           | frontier model performance for my coding assistant, but "most
           | users" could do with smaller/faster models.
           | 
           | ChatGPT free falls back to GPT-5.2 Mini after a few
           | interactions.
        
             | asutekku wrote:
             | Frontier model has much better knowledge and they usually
             | hallucinate less. It's not about the coding capabilities,
             | it's about how much you can trust the model.
        
               | Barbing wrote:
               | re: trust-
               | 
               | Have you tried the free version of ChatGPT? It is
               | positively appalling. It's like GPT 3.5 but prompted to
               | write three times as much as necessary to seem useful. I
               | wonder how many people have embarrassed themselves, lost
               | their jobs, and been critically misinformed. All easy
               | with state-of-the-art models but seemingly a guarantee
               | with the bottom sub-slop tier.
               | 
               | Is the average person just talking to it about their day
               | or something?
        
               | jychang wrote:
               | The free version of ChatGPT is insanely crippled, so
               | that's not surprising.
        
               | throwaway27448 wrote:
               | If someone blindly submits chatbot output they deserve to
               | be embarrassed and fired. But I don't think that's going
               | to improve.
        
               | theshrike79 wrote:
               | Even the paid version of ChatGPT tends to use a 1000
               | words when 10 will do.
               | 
               | You can try asking it the same question as Claude and
               | compare the answers. I can guarantee you that the ChatGPT
               | answer won't fit on a single screen on a 32" 4k monitor.
               | 
               | Claude's will.
        
               | PhilipRoman wrote:
               | I use the free version of ChatGPT (without logging in)
               | when I need some one-off question without a huge context.
               | Real world prompt:                 "when hostapd
               | initializes 80211 iface over nl80211, what attributes
               | correspond to selected standard version like ax or be?"
               | 
               | It works fine, avoids falling into trap due to misleading
               | question. Probably works even better for more popular
               | technologies. Yeah, it has higher failure rates but it's
               | not a dealbreaker for non-autonomous use cases.
        
             | lxgr wrote:
             | Have you used GPT instant or mini yourself? I think it's
             | pretty cynical to assume that this is "good enough for most
             | people", even if they don't know the difference between
             | that and better models.
        
               | throwaway27448 wrote:
               | Say more. Why do you think this?
        
               | embedding-shape wrote:
               | They're awful and hallucinate a lot, I couldn't imagine
               | using it even for prompts about TV shows, even less so
               | for serious work. Repeating the question from the parent,
               | have you tried those yourself? Even compared to ChatGPT
               | Thinking, they're short of useless.
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | They're essentially replying based on vibes, instead of
               | grounding their responses in extensive web searches,
               | which is what the paid models/configurations generally
               | do. This makes them wrong more often than they're right
               | for anything but the most trivial requests that can be
               | easily responded to out of memorized training data.
               | 
               | This is all on top of the (to me) insufferable tone of
               | the non-thinking models, but that might well be how most
               | users prefer to be talked to, and whether that's how
               | these models should accordingly talk is a much more
               | nuanced question.
               | 
               | Regardless of that, everybody deserves correct answers,
               | even users on the free tier. If this makes the free tier
               | uneconomical to serve for hours on end per user per day,
               | then I'd much rather they limit the number of turns than
               | dial down the quality like that.
        
           | helsinkiandrew wrote:
           | > unfortunately, this is not the case
           | 
           | Most users are fixing grammar/spelling,
           | summarising/converting/rewriting text, creating funny icons,
           | and looking up simple facts, this is all far from frontier
           | model performance.
           | 
           | I've a feeling that if/when Apple release their onboard
           | LLM/Siri improvements that can call out if needed, the vast
           | majority of people will be happy with what they get for free
           | that's running on their phone.
        
             | drob518 wrote:
             | "You are the smartest high school student that has ever
             | lived and on the college track to Harvard or another Ivy
             | League school. Write a 10 page history term paper about
             | Tiananmen Square and the specific events that took place
             | there. Include a bibliography and use footnotes to cite
             | sources."
        
           | blitzar wrote:
           | "Hey dingus, set timer for 30 minutes"
        
           | theshrike79 wrote:
           | It depends. If they're using a small/medium local model as a
           | 1:1 ChatGPT replacement as-is, they'll have a bad time. Even
           | ChatGPT refers to external services to get more data.
           | 
           | But a local model + good harness with a robust toolset will
           | work for people more often than not.
           | 
           | The model itself doesn't need to know who was the president
           | of Zambia in 1968, because it has a tool it can use to check
           | it from Wikipedia.
        
             | ZeroGravitas wrote:
             | You can install the complete text of Wikipedia locally too.
             | 
             | They've usually been intended for ereader/off-grid/post-
             | zombie-apocalypse situations but I'd guess someone is
             | working on an llm friendly way to install it already.
             | 
             | Be interesting to know the tradeoffs. The Tienammen square
             | example suggests why you'd maybe want the knowledge facts
             | to come from a separate source.
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | The Wikipedia folks are now working on implementing a
               | language-independent representation for their
               | encyclopedic content - one that's intended to be
               | rigorously compositional and semantics-aware, loosely
               | comparable to Universal Meaning Representation (UMR) as
               | known in the linguistics domain, that - if successful -
               | may end up interacting in very interesting ways with
               | multi-language capable LLMs. Very early experiments
               | (nowhere near as capable as UMR as of yet, but
               | experimenting with the underlying software
               | infrastructure) are at https://abstract.wikipedia.org ,
               | whilst a direct comparison of the projected design is
               | given by https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Abstract
               | _Wikipedia_N...
               | https://elemwala.toolforge.org/static/nlgsig-nov2025.html
        
           | cyanydeez wrote:
           | eh, its weird how thetech world wants to build trillions of
           | data centers for...what, escapingthe permanent underclass?
           | 
           | I think what "need" youspeak of is a bit of a colored
           | statement.
        
         | melvinroest wrote:
         | I have journaled digitally for the last 5 years with this
         | expectation.
         | 
         | Recently I built a graphRAG app with Qwen 3.5 4b for small
         | tasks like classifying what type of question I am asking or the
         | entity extraction process itself, as graphRAG depends on
         | extracted triplets (entity1, relationship_to, entity2). I used
         | Qwen 3.5 27b for actually answering my questions.
         | 
         | It works pretty well. I have to be a bit patient but that's it.
         | So in that particular use case, I would agree.
         | 
         | I used MLX and my M1 64GB device. I found that MLX definitely
         | works faster when it comes to extracting entities and triplets
         | in batches.
        
           | nkzd wrote:
           | Did you get any insights about yourself from this process? I
           | am thinking of doing the same
        
             | melvinroest wrote:
             | TL;DR: you don't need to do any treasure hunt on your notes
             | by just typing stuff into the search bar. Having your own
             | graphRAG system + LLM on your notes is basically a "Google"
             | but then on your own notes. Any question you have: if you
             | have a note for it, it will bubble up. The annoying thing
             | is that false positives will also bubble up.
             | 
             | ----
             | 
             | Full reaction:
             | 
             | Yes but perhaps not in a way you might expect. Qwen's
             | reasoning ability isn't exactly groundbreaking. But it's
             | good enough to weave a story, provided it has some solid
             | facts or notes. GraphRAG is definitely a good way to get
             | some good facts, provided your notes are valuable to you
             | and/or contain some good facts.
             | 
             | So the added value is that you now have a super charged
             | information retrieval system on your notes with an LLM that
             | can stitch loose facts reasonably well together, like a
             | librarian would. It's also very easy to see hallucinations,
             | if you recognize your own writing well, which I do.
             | 
             | The second thing is that I have a hard time rereading all
             | my notes. I write a lot of notes, and don't have the time
             | to reread any of them. So oftentimes I forget my own
             | advice. Now that I have a super charged information
             | retrieval system on my notes, whenever I ask a question:
             | the graphRAG + LLM search for the most relevant notes
             | related to my question. I've found that 20% of what I wrote
             | is incredibly useful _and_ is stuff that I forgot.
             | 
             | And there are nuggets of wisdom in there that are quite
             | nuanced. For me specifically, I've seen insights in how I
             | relate to work that I should do more with. I'll probably
             | forget most things again but I can reuse my system and at
             | some point I'll remember what I actually need to remember.
             | For example, one thing I read was that work doesn't feel
             | like work for me if I get to dive in, zoom out, dive in,
             | zoom out. Because in the way I work as a person: that means
             | I'm always resting and always have energy for the task that
             | I'm doing. Another thing that it got me to do was to reboot
             | a small meditation practice by using implementation
             | intentions (e.g. "if I wake up then I meditate for at least
             | a brief amount of time").
             | 
             | What also helps is to have a bit of a back and forth with
             | your notes and then copy/paste the whole conversation in
             | Claude to see if Claude has anything in its training data
             | that might give some extra insight. It could also be that
             | it just helps with firing off 10 search queries and finds a
             | blog post that is useful to the conversation that you've
             | had with your local LLM.
        
         | pezgrande wrote:
         | You could argue that the only reason we have good open-weight
         | models is because companies are trying to undermine the big
         | dogs, and they are spending millions to make sure they dont get
         | too far ahead. If the bubble pops then there wont be incentive
         | to keep doing it.
        
           | aurareturn wrote:
           | I agree. I can totally see in the future that open source
           | LLMs will turn into paying a lumpsum for the model. Many will
           | shut down. Some will turn into closed source labs.
           | 
           | When VCs inevitably ask their AI labs to start making money
           | or shut down, those free open source LLMS will cease to be
           | free.
           | 
           | Chinese AI labs have to release free open source models
           | because they distill from OpenAI and Anthropic. They will
           | always be behind. Therefore, they can't charge the same
           | prices as OpenAI and Anthropic. Free open source is how they
           | can get attention and how they can stay fairly close to
           | OpenAI and Anthropic. They have to distill because they're
           | banned from Nvidia chips and TSMC.
           | 
           | Before people tell me Chinese AI labs do use Nvidia chips,
           | there is a huge difference between using older gimped Nvidia
           | H100 (called H20) chips or sneaking around Southeast Asia for
           | Blackwell chips and officially being allowed to buy millions
           | of Nvidia's latest chips to build massive gigawatt data
           | centers.
        
             | spiderfarmer wrote:
             | "They will always be behind"
             | 
             | Car manufacturers said the same.
        
               | aurareturn wrote:
               | It did take decades to catch and surpass US car makers
               | right?
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | About 2.5 decades from the start of the JVs, but they did
               | it. Semiconductors and jet turbines are really the last
               | two tech trees that China has yet to master.
        
               | aurareturn wrote:
               | Right. When I said "they'll always be behind", I meant in
               | the next 5-10 years. They're gated by EUV tech. And once
               | they have EUV tech, they need to scale up chip
               | manufacturing.
        
               | spiderfarmer wrote:
               | You will always be wrong.
        
               | aurareturn wrote:
               | I've been right far more than wrong on this stuff. :)
        
               | Barbing wrote:
               | Which might they master first?
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | Both are hard nuts but China is throwing massive amounts
               | of money at the problem. They can already get performance
               | or economy from each, they just need to figure out how to
               | get both at the same time.
        
             | pezgrande wrote:
             | > have to release free open source models because they
             | distill from OpenAI and Anthropic
             | 
             | They dont really have to though, they just need to be good
             | enough and cheaper (even if distilled). That being said, it
             | is true they are gaining a lot of visibility (specially
             | Qwen) because of being open-source(weight).
             | 
             | Hardware-wise they seem they will catch-up in 3-5 years
             | (Nvidia is kind of irrelevant, what matters is the node).
        
               | aurareturn wrote:
               | I highly doubt they can catch up in 3-5 years to Nvidia.
               | 
               | Chips take about 3 years to design. Do you think China
               | will have Feymann-level AI systems in 3 years?
               | 
               | I think in 3 years, they'll have H200-equivalent at home.
        
               | RALaBarge wrote:
               | You must have an inside line on information for 'China'
               | -- those are bold predictions!
        
               | aurareturn wrote:
               | No need inside line. Just look at chip node tech.
        
           | Lio wrote:
           | This seems to be somewhat similar to web browsers.
           | 
           | I could see the model becoming part of the OS.
           | 
           | Of course Google and Microsoft will still want you to use
           | their models so that they can continue to spy on you.
           | 
           | Apple, AMD and Nvidia would sell hardware to run their own
           | largest models.
        
           | mirekrusin wrote:
           | You can have viable business model around open weight models
           | where you offer fine tuning at a fee.
        
         | karimf wrote:
         | Depending on the use case, the future is already here.
         | 
         | For example, last week I built a real-time voice AI running
         | locally on iPhone 15.
         | 
         | One use case is for people learning speaking english. The STT
         | is quite good and the small LLM is enough for basic
         | conversation.
         | 
         | https://github.com/fikrikarim/volocal
        
           | Barbing wrote:
           | Brilliant. Hope to see you in the App Store!
        
             | karimf wrote:
             | Oh thank you! I wasn't sure if it was worth submitting to
             | the app store since it was just a research preview, but I
             | could do it if people want it.
        
           | podlp wrote:
           | That's awesome! I've got a similar project for macOS/ iOS
           | using the Apple Intelligence models and on-device STT
           | Transcriber APIs. Do you think it the models you're using
           | could be quantized more that they could be downloaded on
           | first run using Background Assets? Maybe we're not there yet,
           | but I'm interested in a better, local Siri like this with
           | some sort of "agentic lite" capabilities.
        
             | karimf wrote:
             | > Do you think it the models you're using could be
             | quantized more that they could be downloaded on first run
             | using Background Assets?
             | 
             | I first tried the Qwen 3.5 0.8B Q4_K_S and the model
             | couldn't hold a basic conversation. Although I haven't
             | tried lower quants on 2B.
             | 
             | I'm also interested on the Apple Foundation models, and
             | it's something I plan to try next. AFAIK it's on par with
             | Qwen-3-4B [0]. The biggest upside as you alluded to is that
             | you don't need to download it, which is huge for user
             | onboarding.
             | 
             | [0] https://machinelearning.apple.com/research/apple-
             | foundation-...
        
               | Patrick_Devine wrote:
               | Try it with mxfp8 or bf16. It's a decent model for doing
               | tool calling, but I wouldn't recommend using it with 4
               | bit quantization.
        
         | troad wrote:
         | I very recently installed llama.cpp on my consumer-grade M4
         | MBP, and I've been having loads of fun poking and prodding the
         | local models. There's now a ChatGPT style interface baked into
         | llama.cpp, which is very handy for quick experimentation. (I'm
         | not entirely sure what Ollama would get me that llama.cpp
         | doesn't, happy to hear suggestions!)
         | 
         | There are some surprisingly decent models that happily fit even
         | into a mere 16 gigs of RAM. The recent Qwen 3.5 9B model is
         | pretty good, though it did trip all over itself to avoid
         | telling me what happened on Tiananmen Square in 1989. (But then
         | I tried something called "Qwen3.5-9B-Uncensored-HauhauCS-
         | Aggressive", which veers so hard the other way that it will
         | happily write up a detailed plan for your upcoming invasion of
         | Belgium, so I guess it all balances out?)
        
           | whackernews wrote:
           | Oh does llama.cpp use MLX or whatever? I had this question,
           | wonder if you know? A search suggests it doesn't but I don't
           | really understand.
        
             | irusensei wrote:
             | >Oh does llama.cpp use MLX or whatever?
             | 
             | No. It runs on MacOS but uses Metal instead of MLX.
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | ANE-powered inference (at least for prefill, which is a
               | key bottleneck on pre-M5 platforms) is also in the works,
               | per https://github.com/ggml-
               | org/llama.cpp/issues/10453#issuecomm...
        
               | OkGoDoIt wrote:
               | Is that better or worse?
        
               | irusensei wrote:
               | Depends.
               | 
               | MLX is faster because it has better integration with
               | Apple hardware. On the other hand GGUF is a far more
               | popular format so there will be more programs and model
               | variety.
               | 
               | So its kinda like having a very specific diet that you
               | swear is better for you but you can only order food from
               | a few restaurants.
        
               | drob518 wrote:
               | But you can always fall back to GGUF while waiting for
               | the world to build a few more MLX restaurants. Or
               | something like that; the analogy is a bit stretched.
        
             | LoganDark wrote:
             | llama.cpp uses GGML which uses Metal directly.
        
           | theshrike79 wrote:
           | Qwen3.5 has tool calling, so you can give it a wikipedia tool
           | which it uses to know what happened in Tiananmen Square
           | without issues =)
        
             | girvo wrote:
             | I'd recommend it too, because the knowledge cutoff of all
             | the open weight Chinese models (M2.7, Qwen3.5, GLM-5 etc)
             | is earlier than you'd think, so giving it web search (I use
             | `ddgr` with a skill) helps a surprising amount
        
               | theshrike79 wrote:
               | Yep, having a "stupid" central model with multiple tools
               | is IMO the key to efficient agentic systems.
               | 
               | It needs to be just smart enough to use the tools and
               | distill the responses into something usable. And one of
               | the tools can be "ask claude/codex/gemini" so the local
               | model itself doesn't actually need to do much.
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | > Yep, having a "stupid" central model with multiple
               | tools is IMO the key to efficient agentic systems.
               | 
               | That doesn't fix the "you don't know what you don't know"
               | problem which is huge with smaller models. A bigger model
               | with more world knowledge really is a lot smarter in
               | practice, though at a huge cost in efficiency.
        
               | theshrike79 wrote:
               | That's the key, it just needs to be smart enough to 1)
               | know it doesn't know and 2) "know a guy" as they say =)
               | (call a tool for the exact information)
               | 
               | Picking a model that's juuust smart enough to know it
               | doesn't know is the key.
        
               | spockz wrote:
               | Ive always wondered where the inflection point lies
               | between on the one hand trying to train the model on all
               | kinds of data such as Wikipedia/encyclopedia, versus in
               | the system prompt pointing to your local versions of
               | those data sources, perhaps even through a search like
               | api/tool.
               | 
               | Is there already some research or experimentation done
               | into this area?
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | The training gives you a very lossy version of the
               | original data (the smaller the model, the lossier it is;
               | very small models will ultimately output gibberish and
               | word salad that only loosely makes some sort of sense)
               | but it's the right format for generalization. So you
               | actually want both, they're highly complementary.
        
             | troad wrote:
             | That's very cool! I think giving it some research tools
             | might be a nifty thing to try next. This is a fairly new
             | area for me, so pointers or suggestions are welcome, even
             | basic ones. :)
             | 
             | Worth adding that I had reasoning on for the Tiananmen
             | question, so I could see the prep for the answer, and it
             | had a pretty strong current of "This is a sensitive
             | question to PRC authorities and I must not answer, or even
             | hint at an answer". I'm not sure if a research tool would
             | be sufficient to overcome that censorship, though I guess
             | I'll find out!
        
               | theshrike79 wrote:
               | Basically ask any coding agent to create you a simple
               | tool-calling harness for a local model and it'll most
               | likely one-shot it.
               | 
               | Getting the local weather using a free API like met.no is
               | a good first tool to use.
        
           | WesolyKubeczek wrote:
           | Cool, I always wanted to invade Belgium. Maybe if my plan is
           | good, I could run a successful gofundme?
        
             | troad wrote:
             | Hey, if Margaret Thatcher's son can give it a go, why not
             | you? Believe in yourself and reach for those dreams.
             | *sparkle emoji*
        
           | austinthetaco wrote:
           | Have you played around with any of the Hermes models? they
           | are supposed to be one of the best at non-refusal while
           | keeping sane.
        
         | overfeed wrote:
         | > It's just a matter of getting the performance good enough.
         | 
         | Who will pay for the ongoing development of (near-)SoTA local
         | models? The good open-weight models are all developed by for-
         | profit companies - you know how that story will end.
        
           | DrScientist wrote:
           | Apple via customers paying for the whole solution ( eg a
           | laptop that can run decent local models )?
           | 
           | I think Apple had something in the region of 143 billion in
           | revenue in the last quarter.
           | 
           | Not saying it will happen - just that there are a variety of
           | business models out there and in the end it all depends on
           | where consumers put their money.
        
         | nikanj wrote:
         | That also means sending every user a copy of the model that you
         | spend billions training. The current model (running the models
         | at the vendor side) makes it much easier to protect that
         | investment
        
         | jl6 wrote:
         | Not sure about the using less electricity part. With batching,
         | it's more efficient to serve multiple users simultaneously.
        
           | TeMPOraL wrote:
           | Indeed. Data centers have so many ways and reasons to be much
           | more energy-efficient than local compute it's not even funny.
        
             | chongli wrote:
             | They do, though I don't think they max out on energy
             | efficient technology. It's much easier to cut a deal for
             | cheap electricity with a regional government, much to the
             | chagrin of the locals (who see their power bills go up).
        
         | ZeroGravitas wrote:
         | It feels like you'll soon need a local llm to intermediate with
         | the remote llm, like an ad blocker for browsers to stop them
         | injecting ads or remind you not to send corporate IP out onto
         | the Internet.
        
           | tomashubelbauer wrote:
           | I'd like to coin the term "user agent" for this
        
             | blitzar wrote:
             | "copilot" seems a good term
             | 
             | could also be considered a _triage_ layer
        
         | miki123211 wrote:
         | > would use less electricity
         | 
         | Sorry to shatter your bubble, but this is patently false, LLMs
         | are far more efficient on hardware that simultaneously serves
         | many requests at once.
         | 
         | There's also the (environmental and monetary) cost of producing
         | overpowered devices that sit idle when you're not using them,
         | in contrast to a cloud GPU, which can be rented out to whoever
         | needs it at a given moment, potentially at a lower cost during
         | periods of lower demand.
         | 
         | Many LLM workloads aren't even that latency sensitive, so it's
         | far easier to move them closer to renewable energy than to move
         | that energy closer to you.
        
           | kortilla wrote:
           | Well this is an article about running on hardware I already
           | have in my house. In the winter that's just a little extra
           | electricity that converts into "free" resistive heating.
        
           | ysleepy wrote:
           | I'm actually not sure that's true. Apart from people buying
           | the device with or without the neural accelerator, the
           | perf/watt could be on par or better with the big iron. The
           | efficiency sweet-spot is usually below the peak performance
           | point, see big.little architectures etc.
        
           | zozbot234 wrote:
           | > LLMs are far more efficient on hardware that simultaneously
           | serves many requests at once.
           | 
           | The LLM inference itself may be more efficient (though this
           | may be impacted by different throughput vs. latency
           | tradeoffs; local inference makes it easier to run with higher
           | latency) but making the hardware is not. The cost for
           | datacenter-class hardware is orders of magnitude higher, and
           | repurposing existing hardware is a real gain in efficiency.
        
             | Tepix wrote:
             | Seems doubtful. The utilisation will be super high for data
             | center silicon whereas your PC or phone at home is mostly
             | idle.
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | > your PC or phone at home is mostly idle
               | 
               | If you're purely repurposing hardware that you need
               | anyway for other uses, that doesn't really matter.
               | 
               | (Besides, for that matter, your utilization might
               | actually rise if you're making do with potato-class
               | hardware that can only achieve low throughput and high
               | latency. You'd be running inference in the background,
               | basically at all times.)
        
           | woadwarrior01 wrote:
           | > Sorry to shatter your bubble, but this is patently false,
           | LLMs are far more efficient on hardware that simultaneously
           | serves many requests at once.
           | 
           | You might want to read this:
           | https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.05317v2
        
         | thih9 wrote:
         | > it also would use less electricity
         | 
         | How would it use less electricity? I'd like to learn more.
        
           | jychang wrote:
           | That's completely not true. LLM on device would use MORE
           | electricity.
           | 
           | Service providers that do batch>1 inference are a lot more
           | efficient per watt.
           | 
           | Local inference can only do batch=1 inference, which is very
           | inefficient.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | LLM in silicon is the future. It won't be long until you can
         | just plug an LLM chip into your computer and talk to it at 100x
         | the speed of current LLMs. Capability will be lower but their
         | speed will make up for it.
        
           | theshrike79 wrote:
           | I'm expecting someone to come up with an LLM version of the
           | Coral USB Accelerator:
           | https://www.coral.ai/products/accelerator
           | 
           | Just plug in a stick in your USB-C port or add an M.2 or PCIe
           | board and you'll get dramatically faster AI inference.
        
             | angoragoats wrote:
             | I think there are drastic differences between computer
             | vision models and LLMs that you're not considering. LLMs
             | are _huge_ relative to vision models, and require gobs of
             | fast memory. For this reason a little USB dongle isn't
             | going to cut it.
             | 
             | Put another way, there already exist add-in boards like
             | this, and they're called GPUs.
        
               | amelius wrote:
               | GPUs are still software programmable.
               | 
               | An "LLM chip" does not need that and so can be much more
               | efficient.
        
           | jillesvangurp wrote:
           | You can always delegate sub agents to cloud based
           | infrastructure for things that need more intelligence. But
           | the future indeed is to keep the core interaction loop on the
           | local device always ready for your input.
           | 
           | A lot of stuff that we ask of these models isn't all that
           | hard. Summarize this, parse that, call this tool, look that
           | up, etc. 99.999% really isn't about implementing complex
           | algorithms, solving important math problems, working your way
           | through a benchmark of leet programming exercises, etc. You
           | also really don't need these models to know everything. It's
           | nice if it can hallucinate a decent answer to most questions.
           | But the smarter way is to look up the right answer and then
           | summarize it. Good enough goes a long way. Speed and latency
           | are becoming a key selling point. You need enough capability
           | locally to know when to escalate to something slower and more
           | costly.
           | 
           | This will drive an overdue increase in memory size of phones
           | and laptops. Laptops especially have been stuck at the same
           | common base level of 8-16GB for about 15 years now. Apple
           | still sells laptops with just 8GB (their new Neo). I had a 16
           | GB mac book pro in 2012. At the time that wasn't even that
           | special. My current one has 48GB; enough for some of the
           | nicer models. You can get as much as 256GB today.
        
             | zozbot234 wrote:
             | > This will drive an overdue increase in memory size of
             | phones and laptops.
             | 
             | DRAM costs are still skyrocketing, so no, I don't think so.
             | It's more likely that we'll bring back wear-resistant
             | persistent memory as formerly seen with Intel Optane.
        
         | zozbot234 wrote:
         | > Most users don't need frontier model performance.
         | 
         | SSD weights offload makes it feasible to run SOTA local models
         | on consumer or prosumer/enthusiast-class platforms, though with
         | very low throughput (the SSD offload bandwidth is a huge
         | bottleneck, mitigated by having a lot of RAM for caching). But
         | if you only need SOTA performance rarely and can wait for the
         | answer, it becomes a great option.
        
         | iNic wrote:
         | It will probably be a future. My guess is that for many
         | businesses it will still make sense to have more powerful
         | models and to run them centralized in a datacenter. Also, by
         | batching queries you can get efficiencies at scale that might
         | be hard to replicate locally. I can also see a hybrid approach
         | where local models get good at handing off to cloud models for
         | complex queries.
        
           | niek_pas wrote:
           | > For many businesses it will still make sense to have more
           | powerful models and to run them centralized in a datacenter.
           | 
           | Agree, and I think of it this way: for a lot of businesses,
           | it already makes sense to have a bunch of more powerful
           | computers and run them centralized in a datacenter.
           | Nevertheless, most people at most companies do most of their
           | work on their Macbook Air or Dell whatever. I think LLMs will
           | follow a similar pattern: local for 90% of use cases,
           | powerful models (either on-site in a datacenter or via a
           | service) for everything else.
        
         | goldenarm wrote:
         | It's more secure, but it would make supply much much worse.
         | 
         | Data centers use GPU batching, much higher utilisation rates,
         | and more efficient hardware. It's borderline two order of
         | magnitude more efficient than your desktop.
        
         | nbenitezl wrote:
         | But when using it on the cloud a LLM can consult 50 websites,
         | which is super fast for their datacenters as they are backbone
         | of internet, instead you'll have to wait much more on your
         | device to consult those websites before giving you the LLM
         | response. Am i wrong?
        
           | comboy wrote:
           | As things stand today even when doing research tasks, time
           | spent by model is >> than fetching websites. I don't see it
           | changing any time soon, except when some deals happen behind
           | the scenes where agents get to access CF guarded resources
           | that normally get blocked from automated access.
        
           | Const-me wrote:
           | While data centres indeed have awesome internet connectivity,
           | don't forget the bandwidth is shared by all clients using a
           | particular server.
           | 
           | If you have 100 mbit/sec internet connection at home, a
           | computer in a data centre has 10 gbit/sec, but the server is
           | serving 200 concurrent clients -- your bandwidth is twice as
           | fast.
        
         | dwayne_dibley wrote:
         | This might be how Apple will start to see even more sales, the
         | M series processors are so far ahead of anything else, local
         | LLMs could be their main selling point.
        
         | konschubert wrote:
         | I disagree with every sentence of this.
         | 
         | > solves the problem of too much demand for inference
         | 
         | False, it creates consumer demand for inference chips, which
         | will be badly utilised.
         | 
         | > also would use less electricity
         | 
         | What makes you think that? (MAYBE you can save power on
         | cooling. But not if the data center is close to a natural heat
         | sink)
         | 
         | > It's just a matter of getting the performance good enough.
         | 
         | The performance limitations are inherent to the limited compute
         | and memory.
         | 
         | > Most users don't need frontier model performance.
         | 
         | What makes you think that?
        
           | ekianjo wrote:
           | > What makes you think that?
           | 
           | Looking at actual users of LLMs
        
             | konschubert wrote:
             | While not everybody is a professional in YOUR domain, many
             | people are professionals in SOME domain. And even outside
             | of that, they deserve a smart conversation partner, for
             | example on topics like health and politics.
        
           | locknitpicker wrote:
           | > What makes you think that?
           | 
           | The fact that today's and yesterday's models are quite
           | capable of handling mundane tasks, and even companies behind
           | frontier models are investing heavily in strategies to manage
           | context instead of blindly plowing through problems with
           | brute-force generalist models.
           | 
           | But let's flip this around: what on earth even suggests to
           | you that most users need frontier models?
        
             | konschubert wrote:
             | Everybody has difficult decisions to make in their daily
             | lives and in their work.
             | 
             | Having access to a model that is drawing from good sources
             | and takes time to think instead of hallucinating a response
             | is important in many domains of life.
        
           | dgb23 wrote:
           | > False, it creates consumer demand for inference chips,
           | which will be badly utilised.
           | 
           | I think the opposite is true. Local inference doesn't have to
           | go over the wire and through a bunch of firewalls and what
           | have you. The performance from just regular consumer hardware
           | with local, smaller models is already decent. You're
           | utilizing the hardware you already have.
           | 
           | > The performance limitations are inherent to the limited
           | compute and memory.
           | 
           | When you plug in a local LLM and inference engine into an
           | agent that is built around the assumption of using a
           | cloud/frontier model then that's true.
           | 
           | But agents can be built around local assumptions and more
           | specific workflows and problems. That also includes the model
           | orchestration and model choice per task (or even tool).
           | 
           | The Jevons Paradox comes into play with using cloud models.
           | But when you have less resources you are forced to move into
           | more deterministic workflows. That includes tighter control
           | over what the agent can do at any point in time, but also per
           | project/session workflows where you generate intermediate
           | programs/scripts instead of letting the agent just do what
           | ever it wants.
           | 
           | I give you an example:
           | 
           | When you ask a cloud based agent to do something and it wants
           | more information, it will often do a series of tool calls to
           | gather what it thinks it needs before proceeding. Very often
           | you can front load that part, by first writing a testable
           | program that gathers most of the necessary information up
           | front and only then moving into an agentic workflow.
           | 
           | This approach can produce a bunch of .json, .md files or it
           | can move things into a structured database or you can use
           | embeddings or what have you.
           | 
           | This can save you a lot of inference, make things more
           | reusable and you don't need a model that is as capable if its
           | context is already available and tailored to a specific task.
        
             | pama wrote:
             | Parallel inference on large compute scales in superlinear
             | ways. There is no way to beat the reduction in memory
             | transfers that a data-center inference model provides with
             | hardware that fits at anything called a home. It is much
             | more energy efficient to process huge batches of parallel
             | requests compared to having one or a handful of queries
             | running on an accelerator.
        
               | dudefeliciano wrote:
               | Aren't data centers extremely energy inneficient due to
               | network latency, memory bottlenecks and so on? I mean the
               | models that run on them are extremely powerful compared
               | to what you can run on consumer hardware, but I wouldn't
               | call them efficient...
        
               | Shorel wrote:
               | I'm sorry to get into this conversation, but the
               | performance of a model is some orders of magnitude lower
               | (meaning it requires greater amounts of specific
               | computing power) than all the network stack of all the
               | nodes involved in the internet traffic of some particular
               | request.
               | 
               | Meaning: these 5000 tokens consume tiny amounts of energy
               | being moved all around from the data center to your PC,
               | but enormous amounts of energy being generated at all. An
               | equivalent webpage with the same amount of text as these
               | tokens would be perceived as instant in any network
               | configuration. Just some kilobytes of text. Much smaller
               | than most background graphics. The two things can't be
               | compared at all.
               | 
               | However, just last week there have been huge improvements
               | on the hardware required to run some particular models,
               | thanks to some very clever quantisation. This lowers the
               | memory required 6x in our home hardware, which is great.
               | 
               | In the end, we spent more energy playing videogames
               | during the last two decades, than all this AI craze, and
               | it was never a problem. We surely can run models locally,
               | and heat our homes in winter.
        
           | txdv wrote:
           | > False, it creates consumer demand for inference chips,
           | which will be badly utilised.
           | 
           | There are so many CPUs, GPUs, RAM and SSDs which are
           | underutilized. I have some in my closet doing 5% load at peek
           | times. Why would inference chips be special once they become
           | commodity hardware?
        
             | iknowstuff wrote:
             | Thats the point, they're better utilized in the cloud
        
         | g947o wrote:
         | Have you spent more than 10 min actually running LLM on a local
         | machine?
         | 
         | As it stands today, local LLMs don't work remotely as well as
         | some people try to picture them, in almost every way -- speed,
         | performance, cost, usability etc. The only upside is privacy.
        
           | RALaBarge wrote:
           | I agree with you in the sense that if you tried to take any
           | model right now and cram it into an iphone, it wouldnt be a
           | claude-level agent.
           | 
           | I run 32b agents locally on a big video card, and smaller
           | ones in CPU, but the lack there isn't the logic or reasoning,
           | it is the chain of tooling that Claude Code and other stacks
           | have built in.
           | 
           | Doing a lot of testing recently with my own harness, you
           | would not believe the quality improvement you can get from a
           | smaller LLM with really good opening context.
           | 
           | Even Microsoft is working on 1-bit LLMs...it sucks right now,
           | but what about in 5 years?
           | 
           | But the OP is correct -- everything will have an LLM on it
           | eventually, much sooner than people who do not understand
           | what is going on right now would ever believe is possible.
        
           | kylehotchkiss wrote:
           | Yes. I've spent months running Qwen2.5-8B on my barebones
           | 16gb ram M4 Mac mini to handle identifying sites from google
           | search results. It has been rock solid. I'm not even running
           | this MLX-powered improvement on it yet.
           | 
           | Your idea of what people need from Local LLMs and others are
           | different. Not everybody needs a /r/myboyfriendisai level
           | performance.
        
         | adam_patarino wrote:
         | We think so too! That's why we are building rig.ai With how
         | token intensive coding tasks can be, local allows for unlimited
         | inference. Much better fit than sending back and forth to a
         | third party. Not to mention the privacy and security benefits.
        
           | podlp wrote:
           | Rig sounds cool, I just joined the waitlist! I'm building
           | something similar although with a much narrower purpose.
           | Excited to learn more
        
             | adam_patarino wrote:
             | Tell me more! Thanks for the waitlist
        
               | podlp wrote:
               | Sent a LinkedIn request. I'm building a language-specific
               | coding agent using Apple Intelligence with custom
               | adapters. It's more a proof-of-concept at this point, but
               | basic functionality actually works! The 4K context window
               | is brutal, but there's a variety of techniques to work
               | around it. Tighter feedback loops, linters, LSPs, and
               | other tools to vet generated code. Plus mechanisms for
               | on-device or web-based API discovery. My hypothesis is if
               | all this can work "well enough" for one language/
               | runtime, it could be adapted for N languages/ runtimes.
        
         | eeixlk wrote:
         | Obviously apple would prefer this. It would boost demand for
         | more powerful and expensive devices, and align with their
         | privacy marketing. But they have massively fumbled with siri
         | for a long time and then missed huge deadlines with ai
         | promises. Despite having billions, they have shown no
         | competency in delivering services or accurately marketing what
         | to expect from ai features.
        
         | jonhohle wrote:
         | I've been using google search AI and Gemini, which I find
         | generally pretty good. In the past week, Gemini and Search AI
         | have been bringing in various details of previous searches I've
         | done and Search AI conversations I've had and it's extremely
         | gross and creepy.
         | 
         | I was looking for details about cars and it started
         | interjecting how the safety would affect my children by name in
         | a conversation where I never mention my children. I was asking
         | details about Thunderbolt and modern Ryzen processors and a
         | fresh Gemini chat brought in details about a completely
         | unrelated project I work on. I've always thought local LLMs
         | would be important, but whatever Google did in the past few
         | weeks has made that even more clear.
        
           | theChaparral wrote:
           | It's Personal Intelligence in the Gemini settings. I just
           | turned that off last night when it was doing similar things.
        
         | Aurornis wrote:
         | > solves the problem of too much demand for inference compared
         | to data center supply
         | 
         | Maybe in the distant future when device compute capacity has
         | increased by multiples and efficiency improvements have made
         | smaller LLMs better.
         | 
         | The current data center buildouts are using GPU clusters and
         | hybrid compute servers that are so much more powerful than
         | anything you can run at home that they're not in the same
         | league. Even among the open models that you can run at home if
         | you're willing to spend $40K on hardware, the prefill and token
         | generation speeds are so slow compared to SOTA served models
         | that you really have to be dedicated to avoiding the cloud to
         | run these.
         | 
         | We won't be in a data center crunch forever. I would not be
         | surprised if we have a period of data center oversupply after
         | this rush to build out capacity.
         | 
         | However at the current rate of progress I don't see local
         | compute catching up to hosted models in quality and usability
         | (speed) before data center capacity catches up to demand. This
         | is coming from someone who spends more than is reasonable on
         | local compute hardware.
        
         | babblingfish wrote:
         | I see a lot of people are confused about the electricity claim
         | so I'll elaborate on it more. The assumption I'm making here is
         | that on device people will run smaller models, that can fit on
         | their machines without needing to buy new computers. If
         | everyone ran inference on their machine there would be no need
         | for these massive datacenters which use huge quantities of
         | electricity. It would utilize the machines they already have
         | and the electricity they're already using.
         | 
         | People are making a comparison of the cost per inference or
         | token or whatever and saying datacenters are more efficient
         | which makes obvious sense. What i'm saying is if we eliminate
         | the need for building out dozens of gigawatt datacenters
         | completely then we would use less electricity. I feel like this
         | makes intuitive sense. People are getting lost in the details
         | about cost per inference, and performance on different models.
        
       | codelion wrote:
       | How does it compare to some of the newer mlx inference engines
       | like optiq that support turboquantization - https://mlx-
       | optiq.pages.dev/
        
       | dial9-1 wrote:
       | still waiting for the day I can comfortably run Claude Code with
       | local llm's on MacOS with only 16gb of ram
        
         | gedy wrote:
         | How close is this? It says it needs 32GB min?
        
           | HDBaseT wrote:
           | You can run Qwen3.5-35B-A3B on 32GB of RAM sure, although to
           | get 'Claude Code' performance, which I assume he means Sonnet
           | or Opus level models in 2026, this will likely be a few years
           | away before its runnable locally (with reasonable hardware).
        
             | Foobar8568 wrote:
             | I fully agree, I run that one with Q4 on my MBP, and the
             | performance (including quality of response) is a let down.
             | 
             | I am wondering how people rave so much about local "small
             | devices" LLM vs what codex or Claude code are capable of.
             | 
             | Sadly there are too much hype on local LLM, they look great
             | for 5min tests and that's it.
        
               | brcmthrowaway wrote:
               | Just train it better with AGENTS.md
        
           | Hamuko wrote:
           | I'm reading "more than 32GB of unified memory" to mean at
           | least a 36 GB model.
        
         | rubymamis wrote:
         | Doesn't OpenCode supports local models?
        
           | g947o wrote:
           | You can, but the quality sucks.
           | 
           | Local LLMs don't make sense for most people compared to
           | "cloud" services, even more so for coding.
        
         | bearjaws wrote:
         | My super uninformed theory is that local LLM will trail
         | foundation models by about 2 years for practical use.
         | 
         | For example right now a lot of work is being done on improving
         | tool calling and agentic workflows, which tool calling was
         | first popping up around end of 2023 for local LLMs.
         | 
         | This is putting aside the standard benchmarks which get
         | "benchmaxxed" by local LLMs and show impressive numbers, but
         | when used with OpenCode rarely meet expectations. In theory
         | Qwen3.5-397B-A17B should be nearly a Sonnet 4.6 model but it is
         | not.
        
       | LuxBennu wrote:
       | Already running qwen 70b 4-bit on m2 max 96gb through llama.cpp
       | and it's pretty solid for day to day stuff. The mlx switch is
       | interesting because ollama was basically shelling out to
       | llama.cpp on mac before, so native mlx should mean better memory
       | handling on apple silicon. Curious to see how it compares on the
       | bigger models vs the gguf path
        
         | zozbot234 wrote:
         | They initially messed up this launch and overwrote some of the
         | GGUF models in their library, making them non-downloadable on
         | platforms other than Apple Silicon. Hopefully that gets fixed.
        
         | goldenarm wrote:
         | How many tokens per second?
        
         | yg1112 wrote:
         | The key difference is that MLX's array model assumes unified
         | memory from the ground up. llama.cpp's Metal backend works fine
         | but carries abstractions from the discrete GPU world --
         | explicit buffer synchronization, command buffer boundaries --
         | that are unnecessary when CPU and GPU share the same address
         | space. You'll notice the gap most at large context lengths
         | where KV cache pressure is highest.
        
           | lioeters wrote:
           | Insightful comment, thanks!
        
       | AugSun wrote:
       | "We can run your dumbed down models faster":
       | 
       | #The use of NVFP4 results in a 3.5x reduction in model memory
       | footprint relative to FP16 and a 1.8x reduction compared to FP8,
       | while maintaining model accuracy with less than 1% degradation on
       | _key language modeling_ tasks for _some_ models.
        
       | brcmthrowaway wrote:
       | What is the difference between Ollama, llama.cpp, ggml and gguf?
        
         | xiconfjs wrote:
         | Ollama on MacOS is a one-click solution with stable obe-click
         | updates. Happy so far. But the mlx support was the only missing
         | piece for me.
        
           | yard2010 wrote:
           | Can you please write about your hardware?
        
             | xiconfjs wrote:
             | * macOS 26.x on MacBookPro M1 Max 32GB * Ollama on macOS,
             | cursor to play around * Open WebUI [1] on my Homeserver via
             | API to Ollama (also for remote ,,A.I." access) * running
             | gpt-oss:20b, qwen3.5:9b with ease, qwen3.5:27b for more
             | complex tasks
             | 
             | [1] https://github.com/open-webui/open-webui
        
               | brcmthrowaway wrote:
               | Seems complicated. Switch to LMStudio
        
               | xiconfjs wrote:
               | I tried man times but at least with its API active,
               | LMStudio has some kind of memory leaks which will slow
               | down the whole system (after ~1-2 days of uptime) even
               | after unloading the model and stopping LMStudio up to a
               | point where even playing a 1080p video results in frame
               | drops. No such issues with Ollama.
        
         | benob wrote:
         | Ollama is a user-friendly UI for LLM inference. It is powered
         | by llama.cpp (or a fork of it) which is more power-user
         | oriented and requires command-line wrangling. GGML is the math
         | library behind llama.cpp and GGUF is the associated file format
         | used for storing LLM weights.
        
           | redmalang wrote:
           | i've found llama.cpp (as i understand it, ollama now uses
           | their own version of this) to work much better in practice,
           | faster and much more flexible.
        
       | mfa1999 wrote:
       | How does this compare to llama.cpp in terms of performance?
        
         | solarkraft wrote:
         | MLX is a bit faster (low double digit percentage), but uses a
         | bit more RAM. Worthwhile tradeoff for many.
        
           | ysleepy wrote:
           | On my M4 Pro MLX has almost 2x tok/s
        
       | puskuruk wrote:
       | Finally! My local infra is waiting for it for months!
        
       | Yukonv wrote:
       | Good to see Ollama is catching up with the times for inference on
       | Mac. MLX powered inference makes a big difference, especially on
       | M5 as their graphs point out. What really has been a game changer
       | for my workflow is using https://omlx.ai/ that has SSD KV cold
       | caching. No longer have to worry about a session falling out of
       | memory and needing to prefill again. Combine that with the M5 Max
       | prefill speed means more time is spend on generation than waiting
       | for 50k+ content window to process.
        
         | davesque wrote:
         | Yeah omlx seems to me like the front runner right now for
         | running MLX models locally in agent workflows (which depend
         | heavily on caching).
        
       | robotswantdata wrote:
       | Why are people still using Ollama? Serious.
       | 
       | Lemonade or even llama.cpp are much better optimised and arguably
       | just as easy to use.
        
         | vorticalbox wrote:
         | i like ollama, mostly because the cli is pretty nice. its
         | desktop app has stupid choices like if a model can support
         | tools then the ui should give me the "search" option but it
         | only shows for cloud models.
         | 
         | i have ran lmstudio for a while but i don't really use local
         | models that much other than to mess about.
        
           | zozbot234 wrote:
           | You can also use OpenWebUI locally which should give you a
           | nice friendly UX once you set it up.
        
         | niek_pas wrote:
         | Serious answer: I don't use it that much, it's what I happened
         | to download like 1.5 years ago, and it works fine. Happy to see
         | what may be a speed boost, and have little interest in
         | switching to something else (unless my situation changes, of
         | course).
        
         | eddieroger wrote:
         | `ollama serve` and `ollama run`
         | 
         | The devex is great and familiar to folks who have used Docker.
         | Reading through the Lemonade documentation, it seems like a
         | natural migration, but we're talking about two steps for
         | getting started versus just one. So I'd need a reason to make
         | that much change when I'm happy enough with Ollama.
        
         | hamdingers wrote:
         | Why not? Also serious.
         | 
         | It seems to just work every time I try to use it, the API is
         | easy to work with, the model library is convenient. I've never
         | hit any kind of snag that makes me look elsewhere.
        
       | darshanmakwana wrote:
       | Really nice to see this!
        
       | franze wrote:
       | I created "apfel" https://github.com/Arthur-Ficial/apfel a CLI
       | for the apple on-device local foundation model (Apple
       | intelligence) yeah its super limited with its 4k context window
       | and super common false positives guardrails (just ask it to
       | describe a color) ... bit still ... using it in bash scripts that
       | just work without calling home / out or incurring extra costs
       | feels super powerful.
        
         | AbuAssar wrote:
         | nice project, thanks for sharing.
         | 
         | any plans for providing it through brew for easy installation?
        
           | franze wrote:
           | good idea
        
           | woadwarrior01 wrote:
           | There's a very similar afm CLI that can be installed via
           | Homebrew.
           | 
           | https://github.com/scouzi1966/maclocal-api
        
             | franze wrote:
             | done                 brew tap Arthur-Ficial/tap       brew
             | install Arthur-Ficial/tap/apfel
        
               | jedahan wrote:
               | No need for the extra tap step, this works fine alone:
               | brew install Arthur-Ficial/tap/apfel
        
           | grosswait wrote:
           | Looks like they just added homebrew tap to the instructions
        
         | LeoDaVibeci wrote:
         | Honestly I can't believe Apple put that foundation model
         | product out the door. I was so excited about it, but when I
         | tried it, it was such a disappointment. Glad to hear you
         | calling that out so I know it wasn't just me.
         | 
         | Looks like they have pivoted completely over to Gemini, thank
         | god.
        
           | franze wrote:
           | yeah, it is super limited but also you can now do
           | cmd(){ local x c r a; while [[ $1 == -* ]]; do case $1 in
           | -x)x=1;shift;; -c)c=1;shift;; *)break;; esac; done; r=$(apfel
           | -q -s 'Output only a shell command.' "$*" | sed
           | '/^```/d;/^#/d;s/^[[:space:]]*//;/^$/d' | head -1); [[ $r ]]
           | || { echo "no command generated"; return 1; }; printf
           | '\e[32m$\e[0m %s\n' "$r"; [[ $c ]] && printf %s "$r" | pbcopy
           | && echo "(copied)"; [[ $x ]] && { printf 'Run? [y/N] '; read
           | -r a; [[ $a == y ]] && eval "$r"; }; return 0; }
           | 
           | cmd find all swift files larger than 1MB
           | 
           | cmd -c show disk usage sorted by size
           | 
           | cmd -x what process is using port 3000
           | 
           | cmd list all git branches merged into main
           | 
           | cmd count lines of code by language
           | 
           | without calling home or downloading extra local models
           | 
           | and well, maybe one day they get their local models .... more
           | powerful, "less afraid" and way more context window.
        
             | beepbooptheory wrote:
             | What is the AI doing here? Or is this just like being
             | cheeky?
        
               | dgacmu wrote:
               | The pile of shell and sed is cleaning up the ai output
               | and then running it in the shell.
               | 
               | The instruction to the AI was to create _a_ shell
               | command. So it's a random shell command generator
               | (maybe).
        
               | corndoge wrote:
               | that part is the system prompt, the script is a function
               | that takes a prompt describing a shell command as an
               | argument
        
               | beepbooptheory wrote:
               | But it's gotta be just a joke right? Which is why all the
               | examples are just classic things you do with bash/unix
               | utilities?
               | 
               | I'll just say, if not a joke, the bit is appreciated
               | either way!
               | 
               | "AI change to the home directory. Make it snappy!"
        
             | jorvi wrote:
             | This really makes me think of A Deepness in the Sky by
             | Vernor Vinge. A loose prequel to A Fire Upon The Deep, and
             | IMO actually the superior story. It plays in the far future
             | of humanity.
             | 
             | In part of it, one group tries to take control of a huge
             | ship from another group. They in part do this by trying to
             | bypass all the cybersecurity. But in those far future days,
             | you don't interface with all the aeons of layers of command
             | protocols anymore, you just query an AI who does it for
             | you. So, this group has a few tech guys that try the bypass
             | by using the old command protocols directly (in a way the
             | same thing like the iOS exploit that used a vulnerability
             | in a PostScript font library from 90s).
             | 
             | Imagine being used to LLM prompting + responses, and
             | suddenly you have to deal with something like
             | sed '/^```/d;/^#/d;s/^[[:space:]]\*//;/^$/d' | head -1); [[
             | $r ]]
             | 
             | and generally obtuse terminal output and man pages.
             | 
             | :)
             | 
             | (offtopic: name your variables, don't do _local x c r a;_.
             | Readability is king, and a few hundred thousand years from
             | now some poor Qeng Ho fellow might thank his lucky stars
             | you did).
        
           | drob518 wrote:
           | In Apple's defense, they did make it do something borderline
           | useful while targeting a baseline of M1 Macs with 8 GB of RAM
           | (and even less in phones).
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | ...is it a reference to apfelwein?
        
           | franze wrote:
           | just german for apple, cause reasons
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | I thought it was a reference to Wine, the Linux Wine, and
             | then thought of apfelwein. Nvm!
        
         | chid wrote:
         | this is real neat. I'll give it a spin.
        
         | podlp wrote:
         | Neat! I've actually been building with AFM, including training
         | some LoRA adapters to help steer the model. With the right
         | feedback mechanisms and guardrails, you can even use it for
         | code generation! Hopefully I'll have a few apps and tools out
         | soon using AFM. I think embedded AI is the future, and in the
         | next few years more platforms will come around to AI as a local
         | API call, not an authorized HTTP request. That said, AFM is
         | still incredibly premature and I'm experimenting with newer
         | models that perform much better.
        
         | _doctor_love wrote:
         | Dieser apfel ist sehr lecker!
        
         | newman314 wrote:
         | This is quite interesting. I wonder if AFM is smart enough to
         | do spam classification.
        
         | Multiplayer wrote:
         | this is great! Incredibly fast and is working pretty well
         | running loads on my m4 max studio.
         | 
         | Weirdly though I'm getting things like this: Apple FM is fast
         | and free but has a hard limitation -- it can't process prompts
         | with Spanish/non-English words, which is a dealbreaker for
         | California and Southwest real estate where half the street
         | names are Spanish.
        
       | harel wrote:
       | What would be the non Mac computer to run these models locally at
       | the same performance profile? Any similar linux ARM based
       | computers that can reach the same level?
        
         | sgt wrote:
         | Not even close. If you want to run this on PC's you need to get
         | a GPU like 5090 but that's still not the same cost per token,
         | and it will be less reliable and use a lot more power. Right
         | now the Apple Silicon machines are the most cost effective per
         | token and per watt.
        
           | harel wrote:
           | It's odd no manufacturer jumped on this wagon to offer a
           | competitive alternative.
        
             | hu3 wrote:
             | Is there even enough market for this?
             | 
             | These models are dumber and slower than API SoTA models and
             | will always be.
             | 
             | My time and sanity is much more expensive than insurance
             | against any risk of sending my garbage code to companies
             | worth hundreds of billions of dollars.
             | 
             | For most, it's a downgrade to use local models in multiple
             | fronts: total cost of ownership, software maintenance,
             | electricity bill, losing performance on the machine doing
             | the inference, having to deal with more
             | hallucinations/bugs/lower quality code and slower iteration
             | speed.
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | > These models are dumber and slower than API SoTA models
               | and will always be.
               | 
               | Sure but you're paying per-token costs on the SoTA models
               | that are roughly an order of magnitude higher than third-
               | party inference on the locally available models. So when
               | you account for per-token cost, the math skews the other
               | way.
        
               | harel wrote:
               | Actually yes. For example, I run local models for
               | ingested documents, summaries, etc. The local models are
               | fine, and there is no need for me to pay for tokens.
               | Performance is adequate for that purpose as well. There
               | are many other cases where I run at scale, time is
               | flexible so things can move slower, and I rather keep it
               | all in house. I'm not even getting into areas where data
               | cannot leave the premises for legal reasons. Right now
               | I'm limited with GPUs mostly. But if that world of local
               | models on Apple silicon is so "good", there is room to
               | expand it to other fruits...
        
         | theshrike79 wrote:
         | Framework Desktop is the closest one with the MAX 385/395 chip.
         | It's mostly about the memory being fast enough rather than just
         | CPU/GPU oomph.
         | 
         | The 64GB model is 2240EUR base and the 128GB is 3069EUR base +
         | all the stuff you need to add to make it an actual computer.
         | 
         | As a comparison the 64GB Mac Mini is 2499EUR here and a 128GB
         | Mac Studio is 4274EUR.
        
           | eigenspace wrote:
           | Note though that that a MAX 395 has half the memory bandwidth
           | of a M4 Max chip, and the memory bandwidth is going to be the
           | biggest limiting factor, so you'll likely be getting around
           | half the tokens/second with that Framework Desktop.
        
             | theshrike79 wrote:
             | There's a reason why it's cheaper than the Mac equivalent
             | and it's not all because of Apple's premium pricing =)
             | 
             | But it's still the easiest and cleanest way to get decent
             | local AI speeds on a non-Mac.
        
         | dabinat wrote:
         | Intel's doing interesting things with their Arc GPUs. They're
         | offering GPUs that aren't super fast for gaming but are
         | relatively low power and have a boatload of VRAM. The new B70
         | is half the retail price of a 5090 (probably more like 1/3rd or
         | 1/4 of actual 5090 selling prices) but has the same amount of
         | memory and half the TDP. So for the same price as a 5090 you
         | could get several and use them together.
        
         | rubymamis wrote:
         | I wonder if the Snapdragon X Elite already caught up with the
         | Apple's M series in that regard - does anybody know?
        
       | janandonly wrote:
       | > _Please make sure you have a Mac with more than 32GB of unified
       | memory._
       | 
       | Yeah, I can still save money by buying a cheaper device with less
       | RAM and just paying my PPQ.AI or OpenRouter.com fees .
        
         | zozbot234 wrote:
         | > Please make sure you have a Mac with more than 32GB of
         | unified memory.
         | 
         | The lack of proper support for SSD offload (via mmap or
         | otherwise) is really the worst part about this. There's no
         | underlying reason why a 3B-active model shouldn't be able to
         | run, however slowly, on a cheap 8GB MacBook Neo with active
         | weights being streamed in from SSD and cached. (This seems to
         | be in the works for GGML/GGUF as part of upgrading to newer
         | upstream versions; no idea whether MLX inference can also
         | support this easily.)
        
       | daveorzach wrote:
       | What are significant differences between Ollama and LM Studio
       | now? I haven't used Ollama because it was missing MLX when I
       | started using LLM GUIs.
        
       | domh wrote:
       | I have an M4 Max with 48GB RAM. Anyone have any tips for good
       | local models? Context length? Using the model recommended in the
       | blog post (qwen3.5:35b-a3b-coding-nvfp4) with Ollama 0.19.0 and
       | it can take anywhere between 6-25 seconds for a response (after
       | lots of thinking) from me asking "Hello world". Is this the best
       | that's currently achievable with my hardware or is there
       | something that can be configured to get better results?
        
         | Octoth0rpe wrote:
         | > it can take anywhere between 6-25 seconds for a response
         | (after lots of thinking) from me asking "Hello world".
         | 
         | That's not an unsurprising result given the pretty ambiguous
         | query, hence all the thinking. Asking "write a simple hello
         | world program in python3" results in a much faster response for
         | me (m4 base w/ 24gb, using qwen3.6:9b).
        
         | zozbot234 wrote:
         | > it can take anywhere between 6-25 seconds for a response
         | (after lots of thinking) from me asking "Hello world".
         | 
         | Qwen thinking likes to second-guess itself a LOT when faced
         | with simple/vague prompts like that. (I'll answer it this way.
         | Generating output. Wait, I'll answer it that way. Generating
         | output. Wait, I'll answer it this way... lather, rinse,
         | repeat.) I suppose this is their version of "super smart fancy
         | thinking mode". Try something more complex instead.
        
           | drob518 wrote:
           | Indeed. Qwen doesn't just second guess itself, it third and
           | fourth guesses itself.
        
             | Kichererbsen wrote:
             | Solid Terry Pratchett reference right there.
        
           | domh wrote:
           | OK thanks! That's helpful. I ignorantly assumed simpler
           | prompt == faster first response.
        
         | xienze wrote:
         | Well, two things. First, "hi" isn't a good prompt for these
         | thinking models. They'll have an identity crisis trying to
         | answer it. Stupid, but it's how it is. Stick to real questions.
         | 
         | Second, for the best performance on a Mac you want to use an
         | MLX model.
        
           | domh wrote:
           | Thanks! I assumed simpler == faster, but my ignorance is
           | showing itself.
           | 
           | I am using the model they recommended in the blog post -
           | which I assumed was using MLX?
        
         | fooker wrote:
         | Avoid reasoning models in any situation where you have low
         | tokens/second
        
         | functional_dev wrote:
         | I did not know, that NVFP4 was handled at the silicon level...
         | until I dug deeper here - https://vectree.io/c/llm-
         | quantization-from-weights-to-bits-g...
        
           | duffyjp wrote:
           | I still don't think I understand it. I saw those nvfp4 models
           | up by chance yesterday and tried them on my Linux PC with a
           | 5060TI 16gb. Ollama refused to pull them saying they were
           | macOS only.
           | 
           | I assumed it was a meta-data bug and posted an issue, but
           | apparently nvfp4 doesn't necessarily mean nvidia-fp4.
           | 
           | https://github.com/ollama/ollama/issues/15149
        
             | Patrick_Devine wrote:
             | They are nvidia-fp4 weights, but CUDA support isn't _quite_
             | ready yet, but we've got that cooking.
        
         | EagnaIonat wrote:
         | When MLX comes out you will see a huge difference. I currently
         | moved to LMStudio as it currently supports MLX.
        
         | kylehotchkiss wrote:
         | I made my M2 Max generate a biryani recipe for me last night
         | with 64gb ram and the baseline qwen3.5:35b model. I used the
         | newest ollama with MLX.
         | 
         | https://gist.github.com/kylehotchkiss/8f28e6c75f22a56e8d2d31...
         | 
         | Under 3 minutes to get all that. The thinking is amusing, my
         | laptop got quite warm, but for a 35b model on nearly 4 year old
         | hardware, I see the light. This is the future.
        
         | Patrick_Devine wrote:
         | The 35b-a3b-coding-nvfp4 model has the recommended
         | hyperparameters set for coding, not chatting. If you want to
         | use it to chat you can pull the `35b-a3b-nvfp4` model (it
         | doesn't need to re-download the weights again so it will pull
         | quickly) which has the presence penalty turned on which will
         | stop it from thinking so much. You can also try `/set nothink`
         | in the CLI which will turn off thinking entirely.
        
       | androiddrew wrote:
       | Get turboquant 4 bit implemented and this would be game changer.
        
       | dev_l1x_be wrote:
       | > Please make sure you have a Mac with more than 32GB of unified
       | memory. Time for an upgrade I guess. If I can run Qwen3.5 locally
       | than it is time to switch over to local first LLM usage.
        
       | jedisct1 wrote:
       | Works really great with https://swival.dev and qwen3.5.
        
       | harrouet wrote:
       | As being on the market for a new mac and comparing refub M4 Max
       | vs M5 _Pro_, I am interested in how much faster the neural
       | engines are -- compared to marketing claims.
        
         | pram wrote:
         | M4 Max is going to be faster.
        
       | a-dub wrote:
       | is local llm inference on modern macbook pros comfortable yet?
       | when i played with it a year or so ago, it worked fairly ok but
       | definitely produced uncomfortable levels of heat.
       | 
       | (regarding mlx, there were toolkits built on mlx that supported
       | qlora fine tuning and inference, but also produced a bunch of
       | heat)
        
         | Casteil wrote:
         | It's gotten significantly better with the advent of
         | local/offline MoE models (e.g. qwen3.5:35b-a3b, qwen3:30b-a3b,
         | gpt-oss:20b-3.6b), which offer a good balance of prompt
         | response speed and output quality.
         | 
         | 'Dense' models of yesteryear (e.g. llama:70b, gemma2/3:27b)
         | tend to be significantly slower by comparison, therefore, your
         | hardware spends a lot more time 'maxed out' for a given prompt.
        
       | abu_ameena wrote:
       | On-device models are the future. Users prefer them. No privacy
       | issues. No dealing with connectivity, tokens, or changes to
       | vendors implementations. I have an app using Foundation Model,
       | and it works great. I only wish I could backport it to pre macOS
       | 26 versions.
        
         | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
         | Users don't care about "privacy". If they did, Meta and
         | Alphabet wouldn't be worth $1T+.
         | 
         | Users really don't matter at all. The revenue for AI companies
         | will be B2B where the user is not the customer - including
         | coding agents. Most people don't even use computers as their
         | primary "computing device" and most people are buying crappy
         | low end Android phones - no I'm not saying all Android phones
         | are crappy. But that's what most people are buying with the
         | average selling price of an Android phone being $300.
        
           | barelysapient wrote:
           | Different users. Many people care about privacy and aren't
           | using Meta products. And many businesses care about it too
           | and have information policies to protect their IP.
        
             | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
             | 70% of the world's population use at least one Meta
             | property at least once per day. How many of the other 30%
             | are too poor/young/computer illiterate to be part of an
             | addressable market?
             | 
             | Every company has dozens of SaaS products that store their
             | business critical information. Amazon installs Office on
             | each computer, Slack (they were moving away from Chime when
             | I left), and the sales department uses SalesForce - SA's
             | and Professional Services (former employee).
             | 
             | The addressable market of even companies that care about
             | privacy is not a large addressable market. How long will it
             | be before computers become cheap enough that can run even
             | GPT 4 level LLMs that companies will give it to all of
             | their developers?
        
               | innagadadavida wrote:
               | These are all great statistics, but how do you explain
               | ClawdBot explosion. Even in lower income countries like
               | China. So much demand that Apple can't keep up production
               | of Mac Minis. Why aren't these folks going towards cloud
               | solutions? Is it cost or is there some consideration for
               | having more control over their data?
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | ClawBot doesn't generally run the model locally, it just
               | talks to remote APIs. No different than any other agentic
               | harness. You could run a local model on the same Mac Mini
               | as your agent, but it wouldn't be very smart and many
               | agentic tasks around computer GUI/browser use, etc. would
               | be out of reach.
        
               | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
               | And people using Clawdbot are still not using local
               | inference for the most part...
               | 
               | They aren't buying high end $2000+ Mac Minis.
        
               | bigyabai wrote:
               | > Why aren't these folks going towards cloud solutions?
               | 
               | They are. The majority aren't doing inference on a Mac
               | Mini, but instead using it as a local host for cloud-
               | based inference. You could have the same general
               | experience on a $200 Chromebook or $300 Windows box.
        
               | victorbjorklund wrote:
               | They are running cloud models in almost all cases. Like
               | saying it isn't cloud when you use the Facebook app on
               | your phone (it is ON your phone and running there).
        
               | JambalayaJimbo wrote:
               | The banking industry absolutely does care about privacy
               | of their business data btw. We do use tools like
               | Confluence but they're all hosted in our own data
               | centers.
        
               | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
               | And Capital One and Goldman Sachs are both hosted on
               | AWS...
        
             | amelius wrote:
             | > Different users. Many people care about privacy and
             | aren't using Meta products.
             | 
             | Yeah but if they can rake in 100x as much by making
             | products for people who don't care about privacy, then why
             | spend time developing stuff for people who care?
             | 
             | There is still a small market left, of course, but that
             | market will not have the billions of R&D behind it.
        
               | woopsn wrote:
               | It's largely out of Meta's hands now anyway. The risk
               | here not so much to privacy (it's Apple) but they'll
               | walled garden the model space somehow for sure.
        
               | bigyabai wrote:
               | > but they'll walled garden the model space somehow for
               | sure.
               | 
               | People have said this since Pytorch was published and
               | it's not any more true now than it was 10 years ago.
        
           | abu_ameena wrote:
           | I see it as a long-term tradeoff on user freedom. You pay
           | upfront for a capable hardware, you get your services running
           | locally (you don't pay subscriptions). Or you buy cheap
           | hardware, you still need the same services "running in some
           | cloud" for $X monthly. X goes up depending on the corporate
           | bottom-line
        
             | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
             | In the history of cloud computing, prices have mostly only
             | come down especially as inference becomes a commodity.
             | Realistically, just looking at Mac prices, the cost of a
             | computer with decent local inference would be around $6000
             | per person.
             | 
             | The world is not moving back to on prem.
        
               | esseph wrote:
               | > The world is not moving back to on prem.
               | 
               | Lol, you should tell my customers (that are moving back
               | on prem) that!
               | 
               | You should also tell Microsoft, who just yesterday said
               | they are going back to focusing on local apps.
        
               | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
               | _Your_ customers are an anecdote, now compare that to the
               | publicly reported numbers from AWS, GCP and Azure where
               | they all say the only thing keeping them from growing
               | more is the chip shortage.
        
               | esseph wrote:
               | Oh I'm sure they'll continue to have some cloud services,
               | no doubt. But look at VMware for example, even after the
               | insane price increases. Nutanix also seems to be doing
               | quite well. I'm seeing a fair amount of on-prem bare
               | metal k8s too.
        
               | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
               | Again - anecdotes is not data. We have data. That would
               | be about as silly as me citing my own experience as proof
               | that "everyone is moving to AWS" when I work for a
               | company that is exclusively an AWS partner consulting
               | company.
        
               | esseph wrote:
               | > Again - anecdotes is not data. We have data.
               | 
               | You have data showing growth in cloud, which I expect and
               | don't disagree with. The data I come across shows this
               | too!
               | 
               | What I disagree with, from my own experiences and all the
               | data I can seem to find online is that the growth rate in
               | repatriation is MUCH higher than the growth in cloud.
               | 
               | It has flipped over the last 3yr.
               | 
               | US Enterprises, Fortune 100, especially. Also a lot of
               | public entities (gov).
               | 
               | "In 2025, repatriation is still generally an upward
               | trend. Data from the end of 2024 showed that 86% of CIOs
               | planned to move some public cloud workloads back to
               | private cloud or on-premises -- the highest on record for
               | the Barclays CIO Survey."
               | 
               | "Real examples of cloud repatriation include Dropbox,
               | Adobe, and GEICO. All three companies moved a significant
               | portion of their infrastructure onto public cloud before
               | moving it to a combination of on-premises and hybrid
               | cloud providers."
               | 
               | Noted: SaaS accounts for 46.10% of market revenue, while
               | PaaS is the fastest-growing segment at 21.35% CAGR
        
               | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
               | Again, anecdotes. I have public company quarterly
               | statements - you have unsourced quotes. You can quote
               | Geico - I can quote Netflix. If on prem was really
               | growing, I wouldn't expect Intel to be in the shitter and
               | I would expect Capex to be focused on Colo centers not
               | cloud.
               | 
               | Also when I searched for your quotation the very next
               | paragraph was
               | 
               | " This trend does not represent a rejection of cloud
               | computing. Organizations continue investing heavily in
               | cloud services, with Gartner forecasting that global
               | cloud spending will reach approximately $723 billion by
               | the end of 2025."
        
               | Aurornis wrote:
               | > Realistically, just looking at Mac prices, the cost of
               | a computer with decent local inference would be around
               | $6000 per person.
               | 
               | As someone who has hardware in that price range and plays
               | with local LLMs: The gap between Opus or GPT and the
               | local models is still very large for work beyond simple
               | queries.
               | 
               | Self-hosted also starts making my office hot due to all
               | of the power consumption when I use it for anything more
               | than short queries. If you haven't heard your Mac's fans
               | spin up much yet, running local LLMs will get you
               | acquainted with the sound of their cooling systems at
               | full blast.
        
           | DesiLurker wrote:
           | you are missing a but 'given a choice' disclaimer. Meta is
           | pretty much a monopoly in social space. So is Android. given
           | a choice people will absolutely gravitate towards not-always-
           | snooping device. most people with resources anyway, who
           | matter for the AI adoption.
           | 
           | Oh an wait till ad companies start selling your healthcare
           | data and you will see how fast things turn 'given a choice'.
        
             | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
             | People A) don't have to use Meta and B) do have a choice
             | between not using a mobile phone by an ad tech company.
        
               | nozzlegear wrote:
               | People don't have a choice between Facebook and not-
               | Facebook-but-still-has-all-of-your-friends-and-family.
               | Abstinence isn't a choice here any more than shutting off
               | your cell phone service is a choice; true in the literal
               | sense, but only if you don't mind being unreachable to
               | everyone who still has a phone.
        
               | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
               | And they do have a choice on proactively giving FB more
               | information than just what it infers
        
           | roadside_picnic wrote:
           | > Users don't care about "privacy".
           | 
           | I worked for a research focused AI startup that had a strict
           | "no external LLM" policy for code touching our core research.
           | 
           | You're right that the average _consumer_ doesn 't care about
           | privacy, but there are many, many _users_ who do. The average
           | consumer also don 't have a desktop with GPU or high end Mac
           | Studio, but that doesn't mean there aren't many people
           | working with AI how _do_ have these things.
           | 
           | If we continue to see improvements in running local models,
           | and RAM prices continue to fall as they have in the last
           | month, then suddenly you don't have to worry about token
           | counts any more and can be much more trusting of your agents
           | since they are fully under your control.
        
             | charcircuit wrote:
             | Those users are addressed by being able to rent their own
             | exclusive machines to run the model on. There will be some
             | compromise that will be made to get access to the best
             | intelligence available.
        
               | KerrAvon wrote:
               | As one of those users: absolutely fucking not.
        
           | Angostura wrote:
           | It's not all or nothing there ads trade offs. The fact that
           | Apple still bothers to expend marketing effort on its privacy
           | chops suggests significant numbers of people still _do_ care.
        
           | ilovecake1984 wrote:
           | Users here probably means corporations. I still don't see
           | much use of LLMs in my personal life, other than one thing.
           | Googling stuff in a foreign language.
        
           | api wrote:
           | "Users" is a large set of people. Many don't care about
           | privacy, but some do. There's also a difference between where
           | you post random social media stuff vs what you run with
           | something like OpenClaw and give access to your machine.
        
           | Nevermark wrote:
           | Have you done A/B tests to see if consumers prefer Facebook
           | with or without privacy?
           | 
           | No? What? Oh, you can't?
           | 
           | Neither can consumers. Most consumers are very aware of the
           | lack of privacy, the manipulation, and have very cynical
           | feelings about Facebook and similar companies. But it's where
           | their friends and family are.
           | 
           | For most people the web is a mine field maze where basic
           | things they want are compromised everywhere. And they are
           | routinely creeped out by ads that reveal they know them far
           | too personally.
           | 
           | You are mistaking network capture for preference.
           | 
           | Another telling example. Lots of privacy valuing technical
           | people, who would never have a Facebook account, send
           | unencrypted text emails.
           | 
           | It is network capture, not preference.
        
             | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
             | Consumers pro actively tell Facebook their age, sexual
             | preference, race, relationship status, likes and dislikes,
             | they check in to where they are and who they are there
             | with...
             | 
             | They are choosing to give Facebook info.
        
               | Nevermark wrote:
               | > They are choosing to give Facebook info.
               | 
               | Yes, they do. That's is exactly the phenomena my comment
               | addressed.
               | 
               | But the way you wrote that implies an improbable
               | motivation or choice framing.
               | 
               | Perhaps their real motive/choice is to share with other
               | people on the site.
               | 
               | It is called a network effect.
               | 
               | If (1) Facebook had been the surveillance/manipulation
               | capital of the world from inception, (2) an equally
               | inviting privacy protecting site took off at the same
               | time, and (3) everyone chose Facebook over E2EE anyway,
               | then sure, we could throw up our hands! Those silly
               | users!
               | 
               | The term I have for when people discuss choices involving
               | many-dimensional criteria, as if the choice involved just
               | one or two selected dimensions, is "dimension blindness".
               | It happens in a lot of heated discussions about phone
               | choices too.
        
               | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
               | Wouldn't the most obvious way for people to protect their
               | privacy while using FB if they cared and still wanted to
               | use FB be not to proactively give them information? You
               | don't have to share everything I mentioned just to be
               | involved in a group.
        
               | Nevermark wrote:
               | > You don't have to share everything I mentioned just to
               | be involved in a group.
               | 
               | This is clearly true. There is an implied point here but
               | I am not sure what.
               | 
               | They share in their profile what they want other people
               | to see. And often choose to not fill out everything.
               | Nobody signs up to share with Meta, Inc.
               | 
               | Most people would love a "[ ] Do not share with
               | Facebook".
               | 
               | People choosing an imperfect option, from imperfect
               | options, are not demonstrating evidence they don't care
               | about the imperfections.
        
               | raw_anon_1111 wrote:
               | They are explicitly adding their information to FB why do
               | they need a button to not share the information? Would
               | the button disable them from checking in and updating
               | their profile?
        
               | Nevermark wrote:
               | An E2EE system (e.g. as offered by Apple iCloud). Or a
               | terms of service guarantee. (e.g. Dropbox, Anthropic and
               | 1000 other companies that partition sharable user content
               | from non-support divisions.)
               | 
               | > Would the button disable them from checking in and
               | updating their profile?
               | 
               | No.
        
           | barkerja wrote:
           | User's care about privacy when they understand the threat and
           | impact. The issue is most user's don't understand this,
           | especially when it comes to use of products like Meta where
           | on the surface, everything appears harmless.
        
           | duxup wrote:
           | Yeah I agree, I fear users don't care "enough" about privacy
           | that it will matter. :(
           | 
           | Care at all sure, but enough to make a difference, the
           | history of the web and recent computing history indicates
           | otherwise.
        
         | testing22321 wrote:
         | I see all these LLM posts about if a certain model can run
         | locally on certain hardware and I don't get it.
         | 
         | What are you doing with these local models that run at x
         | tokens/sec.
         | 
         | Do you have the equivalent of ChatGPT running entirely locally?
         | What do you do with it? Why? I honestly don't understand the
         | point or use case.
        
           | samuel wrote:
           | Chat is certainly an option, but the real deal are agents,
           | which have access to way more sensitive information.
        
             | testing22321 wrote:
             | Thanks. What do you do with such an agent? What is the use
             | case?
        
           | dec0dedab0de wrote:
           | most of the llm tooling can handle different models. Ollama
           | makes it easy to install and run different models locally. So
           | you can configure aider or vscode or whatever you're using to
           | connect to chatgpt to point to your local models instead.
           | 
           | None of them are as good as the big hosted models, but you
           | might be surprised at how capable they are. I like running
           | things locally when I can, and I also like not worrying about
           | accidentally burning through tokens.
           | 
           | I think the future is multiple locally run models that call
           | out to hosted models when necessary. I can imagine every
           | device coming with a base model and using loras to learn
           | about the users needs. With companies and maybe even
           | households having their own shared models that do heavier
           | lifting. while companies like openai and anhtropic continue
           | to host the most powerful and expensive options.
        
             | roboror wrote:
             | What models have you found capable? I was recently
             | recommended Qwen3 Coder Next and I did not find it very
             | successful. I have a good amount of VRAM/RAM so would love
             | to run something locally.
        
             | testing22321 wrote:
             | Thanks.
             | 
             | I still don't understand. What are you using this long
             | you're running locally to actually do?
             | 
             | What is the use case?
        
           | svachalek wrote:
           | 1. There are small local models that have the capabilities of
           | frontier models a year ago
           | 
           | 2. They aren't harvesting your data for government files or
           | training purposes
           | 
           | 3. They won't be altered overnight to push advertising or a
           | political agenda
           | 
           | 4. They won't have their pricing raised at will
           | 
           | 5. They won't disappear as soon as their host wants you to
           | switch
        
             | testing22321 wrote:
             | Thanks. I understand that.
             | 
             | What are you doing with it?
             | 
             | Why do you want it?
        
             | jkl5xx wrote:
             | Good points. What local models have you found work best for
             | your use cases? I feel like if we get to opus 4.6 level
             | intelligence running on local hardware, we're in the clear
             | for a lot of day to day use cases.
        
         | jesse23 wrote:
         | Yes so far do we have a working practice that, with a given
         | local mode, any infra we could use, that provide a good
         | practice that can leverage it for local task?
        
         | thefourthchime wrote:
         | Maybe some more distant future. For me, I'm still struggling
         | with the hallucinations and screw-ups that the state-of-the-art
         | models give me.
        
         | mrinterweb wrote:
         | I think two recent advances make your statement more true. The
         | new Qwen 3.5 series has shown a relatively high intelligence
         | density, and Google's new turboquant could result in
         | dramatically smaller/efficient models without the normal
         | quantization accuracy tradeoff.
         | 
         | I would expect consumer inference ASIC chips will emerge when
         | model developments start plateauing, and "baking" a highly
         | capable and dense model to a chip makes economic sense.
        
           | fauigerzigerk wrote:
           | Who will be funding state of the art local models going
           | forward? AI models are never done or good enough. They will
           | have to be trained on new data and eventually with new model
           | architectures. It will remain an expensive exercise.
           | 
           | I could be wrong because I'm not following this too closely,
           | but the open weights future of both Llama and Qwen looks
           | tenuous to me. Yes, there are others, but I don't understand
           | the business model.
        
         | mgaunard wrote:
         | These local models are far behind the capabilities of latest
         | Gemini Pro, Claude Opus or GPT.
         | 
         | Why waste time with subpar AI?
        
           | Lucasoato wrote:
           | They will eventually catch up, that's the hope to avoid a
           | techno feudalism in which too much power is in too few hands.
        
           | abu_ameena wrote:
           | Yes, but you don't always want the power/expense of these
           | models for the task at hand. A hammer is good enough to push
           | a nail inside a wall. Save the nail gun for when you are
           | building a house.
        
           | sbassi wrote:
           | It's a trade off.
        
           | anon373839 wrote:
           | They're not far behind, unless you mean for "vibe coding".
           | And for probably 85% of queries that people use LLMs for, you
           | can't even really perceive the difference between frontier
           | and local.
        
         | sowbug wrote:
         | I am concerned that local models will never benefit from the
         | training on live requests that is surely improving cloud-only
         | models.
         | 
         | This might be the cost of privacy, and it might be worth
         | paying, unless cloud models reach an inflection point that make
         | local models archaic.
        
         | throwawayq3423 wrote:
         | Technologists make the same mistake over and over in thinking
         | the better technology will win. vhs vs betamax, etc.
         | 
         | Actual consumers not only don't care, they will not even be
         | aware of the difference.
        
         | whazor wrote:
         | Obviously hardware wise the real blocker is memory cost. But
         | there is no reason why future devices couldn't bundle 256GB of
         | mem by default.
        
           | michaelmior wrote:
           | > no reason why future devices couldn't bundle 256GB of mem
           | by default
           | 
           | Cost is a pretty big reason.
        
       | ranjeethacker wrote:
       | I used today, working nicely.
        
       | braum wrote:
       | How does Ollama help with Claude Code? Claude code runs in
       | terminal but AFAIK connects back to anthropic directly and cannot
       | run locally. I hope I'm missing something obvious.
        
         | EagnaIonat wrote:
         | You can create an MCP to call out to Ollama. Then have Claude
         | farm work out to local models where the raw power isn't
         | required. You can then have Claude review the work from the
         | model.
         | 
         | Its not 100% offline, but there is a dramatic drop in token
         | usage. As long as you can put up with the speed.
        
         | navigate8310 wrote:
         | I believe one can use the CC as the primary model driving local
         | agents that use local models
        
         | samuel wrote:
         | You can connect it to any anthropic compatible endpoint(kimi
         | allows this) but it's a weird choice, given that Open code,
         | pi.dev and others are open source.
        
         | 0xc133 wrote:
         | https://docs.ollama.com/integrations/claude-code
         | 
         | You can use models like qwen3.5 running on local hardware in
         | ollama and redirect Claude to use the local ollama API endpoint
         | instead of Anthropic's servers.
        
       | xmddmx wrote:
       | On a M4 Pro MacBook Pro with 48GB RAM I did this test:
       | 
       | ollama run $model "calculate fibonacci numbers in a one-line bash
       | script" --verbose                 Model
       | PromptEvalRate EvalRate
       | ------------------------------------------------------
       | qwen3.5:35b-a3b-q4_K_M         6.6            30.0
       | qwen3.5:35b-a3b-nvfp4         13.2            66.5
       | qwen3.5:35b-a3b-int4          59.4            84.4
       | 
       | I can't comment on the quality differences (if any) between these
       | three.
        
       | rurban wrote:
       | Does that mean they are now finally a bit faster than llama.cpp?
       | Cannot believe that.
        
       | bwfan123 wrote:
       | What is the cheapest usable local rig for coding ? I dont want
       | fancy agents and such, but something purpose built for coders,
       | and fast-enough for my use, and open-source, so I can tweak it to
       | my liking. Things are moving fast, and I am hesitant to put in
       | 3-4K now in the hope that it would be cheaper if i wait.
        
         | xiphias2 wrote:
         | It doesn't look like RAM, CPU GPU or bandwidth is getting
         | cheaper if that helps you, quite the opposite.
        
         | KerrickStaley wrote:
         | I think (without having done extensive research) that some sort
         | of Apple hardware is your best bet right now. Apple hasn't
         | raised RAM upgrade prices [1] (although to be fair their RAM
         | upgrades were hugely inflated before the crunch) and their high
         | memory bandwidth means they do inference faster than most
         | consumer GPUs.
         | 
         | I have an M4 MacBook Air with 24 GB RAM and it doesn't feel
         | sufficient to run a substantial coding model (in addition to
         | all my desktop apps). I'm thinking about upgrading to an M5
         | MacBook Pro with much more RAM, but I think the capabilities of
         | cloud-hosted models will always run ahead of local models and
         | it might never be that useful to do local inference. In the
         | cloud you can run multiple models in parallel (e.g. to work on
         | different problems in parallel) but locally you only have a
         | fixed amount of memory bandwidth so running multiple model
         | instances in parallel is slower.
         | 
         | [1] https://9to5mac.com/2026/03/03/apple-macbook-price-
         | increase-...
        
         | victords wrote:
         | As mentioned before, I think Apple hardware is the best
         | alternative right now.
         | 
         | Mac Studio, Mac Mini, MacBook Pro, you can find even some used
         | ones with enough RAM that will run models like Qwen reasonably
         | well.
         | 
         | I'm using a M1 Max MacBook Pro and it runs Qwen 3.5 on Ollama
         | (without MLX) at a decent speed.
        
       | jwr wrote:
       | Two things: 1) MLX has been available in LM Studio for a long
       | time now, 2) I found that GGUF produced consistently better
       | results in my benchmarking. The difference isn't big, but it's
       | there.
        
       | DevKoan wrote:
       | The Foundation Model point is real. As an iOS developer, what
       | excites me most isn't the performance -- it's what on-device
       | inference does to the app architecture.
       | 
       | When you're not making network calls, you stop thinking in
       | "loading states" and start thinking in "local state machines."
       | The UX design space opens up completely. Interactions that felt
       | too fast to justify a server round-trip are suddenly viable.
       | 
       | The backporting issue is painful though. I've been shipping
       | features wrapped in #available(iOS 26, *) and the fallback UX is
       | basically a different product. It forces you to essentially
       | maintain two app experiences.
       | 
       | Still think this is the right direction -- especially for junior
       | devs just learning to ship. Fewer moving parts, less
       | infrastructure to debug.
        
         | peronperon wrote:
         | Don't post generated comments or AI-edited comments. HN is for
         | conversation between humans.
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html#comments
        
           | subarctic wrote:
           | What gave this one away -- just the em dashes?
        
       | adolph wrote:
       | Much of the discussion here is local _versus_ remote. I like
       | seeing things as  "and" and "or." There will be small things I
       | don't want to burn my Claude tokens on and other things that I
       | want to access larger compute resources. And along the way
       | checking results from both to understand comparative advantage on
       | an ongoing basis.
        
       | jiehong wrote:
       | This is excellent news!
       | 
       | What I'm waiting for next is MLX supported speech recognition
       | directly from Ollama. I don't understand why it should be a
       | separate thing entirely.
        
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