[HN Gopher] 'Energy independence feels practical': Europeans bui...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       'Energy independence feels practical': Europeans building mini
       solar farms
        
       Author : vrganj
       Score  : 186 points
       Date   : 2026-03-27 08:55 UTC (14 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.euronews.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.euronews.com)
        
       | theshrike79 wrote:
       | Distributed energy production / storage is the key for resiliency
       | in the future.
       | 
       | Every solar farm doesn't need to be China Size - it doesn't even
       | need to be a "farm", just put them on roofs.
       | 
       | And don't let perfect be the enemy of good. Yes there are times
       | when solar doesn't produce energy, but there are also times where
       | it OVERproduces.
        
         | friendzis wrote:
         | > And don't let perfect be the enemy of good. Yes there are
         | times when solar doesn't produce energy, but there are also
         | times where it OVERproduces.
         | 
         | When solar OVERproduces you have to literally pay someone to
         | consume that energy, most probably wind farms, which could be
         | producing energy instead. So you pay actually twice. When the
         | solar underproduces, you need to bring in alternative sources,
         | but those now have to cover all their fixed costs and generate
         | return on investment over this limited timeframe, which means
         | the actual backup prices hit stratospheric levels.
         | 
         | What's the actual cost of solar with actual net-billing?
        
           | raverbashing wrote:
           | "If you find dollar bills on the ground you _need_ to pay
           | someone to collect it as litter "
           | 
           | Charge batteries, do electrolysis, or a multitude of other
           | uses (I know some companies do that already)
        
             | conorcleary wrote:
             | Used 240w modules built in 2010-2012 are worth $60-100 CAD
             | at the moment in small quantities. There will be hundreds
             | of thousands hitting the market (as long as they didn't hit
             | the _ground_ with careless removals) in ~2030+ as microFIT
             | contracts in Ontario expire.
             | 
             | There is no clear path to switching these arrays to Net
             | Metering, as of yet. Prepare for all sorts of unrecycled
             | solar panels and potential loss of renewable capacity that
             | is already installed.
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | Could you elaborate on this? Why would people remove a
               | working solar system?
        
               | jandrese wrote:
               | Buildings get torn down. Roof needs a replacement and the
               | owner doesn't feel like it is worthwhile to redo the
               | solar install for panels that only have 5 years of
               | warranty left, or maybe they want to replace them with
               | higher power models with a fresh warranty. There are any
               | number of reasons why someone might need to offload
               | otherwise functional solar panels.
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | Currently used solar panels are a hot commodity, with
               | many groups selling them by the pallet, because 10 year
               | old solar panels are still efficient enough to easily pay
               | for themselves. Very few installations will care about
               | specifically how many panels they want, they just want a
               | nameplate output per dollar figure.
               | 
               | Old inverters might not have a second life though.
        
               | msandford wrote:
               | Net metering is really, really smart when the installed
               | base is small relative to the fossil fuel power plant
               | capacity. But it doesn't scale forever. Once it gets up
               | towards 20-40% of the fossil fuel capacity, it goes from
               | an asset to a liability.
               | 
               | Suppose I have a 100MW gas turbine. And suppose there's
               | 1MW of solar installed in my generation network. I don't
               | really care if I sell 80MW at noon and 90MW around dinner
               | time and 50MW through the night, or if instead it's 79MW
               | at noon and 91MW at dinner and 51MW at night. The gas
               | costs about the same irrespective of when I burn it so a
               | bit of a fuel shift doesn't really matter.
               | 
               | But take that 1MW and turn it into 20MW and suddenly we
               | go from 80MW at noon to 60MW at noon, 90MW at dinner to
               | 110MW at dinner and uh oh. You see the problem? Whatever
               | losses I endured at noon I don't get to make up for at
               | dinner because my plant only goes up to 100MW and now
               | we're not just shifting when we burn how much fuel, we're
               | literally having to shift the power generation to a
               | different plant.
               | 
               | Is this example precisely accurate? Absolutely not. But
               | it helps you get a feel for the problem of net metering
               | at scale. The grid can act as a battery for a few % of
               | total generation, but by the time you hit some number,
               | maybe 20% maybe 40% net metering turns from a cool math
               | trick to a real cost on the grid.
        
               | wat10000 wrote:
               | Net metering only makes sense as a way to incentivize
               | solar installations. Looking at the economics, it's not
               | something any utility would offer willingly.
               | 
               | It's like if the grocery store let you give them milk for
               | a credit at full price. (Let's ignore the
               | sanitary/health/quality issues that would come up.) You
               | decide to buy a cow and you drink that milk. Sometimes
               | you need more than your cow can give so you buy extra
               | from the store. Sometimes you need less and you sell the
               | extra to the store. Long term, you use as much as your
               | cow produces on average, so you pay the store nothing.
               | But the store has provided a valuable services to you and
               | has incurred expenses in doing so. They have to keep the
               | lights on and maintain a building and pay workers to
               | handle your transactions but they make no money from you.
               | The only way it would work at all is if they made enough
               | money from their non-cow-owning customers to make up for
               | it, and that can only take you so far.
        
               | hvb2 wrote:
               | > It's like if the grocery store let you give them milk
               | for a credit at full price.
               | 
               | I know of quite a few places where through net metering
               | you don't get full price, you get the wholesale rate for
               | your production which is significantly less.
        
             | theshrike79 wrote:
             | This is literally the only sane usage for hydrogen outside
             | of industrial uses, when you have a massive excess of
             | renewables, use it to turn water into pressurised hydrogen.
             | 
             | And when the prices go up, you run that through a grid
             | scale fuel cell and feed it back to the network.
        
               | hvb2 wrote:
               | Storing hydrogen is no small feat. Especially for long
               | duration
        
           | RealityVoid wrote:
           | > When solar OVERproduces you have to literally pay someone
           | to consume that energy, most probably wind farms, which could
           | be producing energy instead.
           | 
           | You don't have to do this with solar, you can just disconnect
           | the panel and have it go a bit hotter. For producers that
           | have a long-ish bringup time, yes, you might need to do this
           | at time.
        
             | pjc50 wrote:
             | The situation is slightly complicated by dispatch order,
             | and domestic solar isn't usually dispatchable at all. Grid-
             | scale farms are.
             | 
             | Wind farms don't _consume_ energy, but there is a real
             | issue with how often they have to be  "curtailed" (paid to
             | turn off). That is to a great extent due to issues with
             | grid connectivity between Scotland and the rest of the UK,
             | which are (slowly) being worked on.
        
               | RealityVoid wrote:
               | My understanding is that all inverters sold at this
               | moment, in the EU, need to have demand response and grid
               | curtailment mechanisms by law.
        
               | leonidasrup wrote:
               | Wind curtailment is the deliberate reduction of
               | electricity output from wind turbines, despite their
               | capability to generate power under existing wind
               | conditions. This practice is typically implemented by
               | grid operators to maintain the stability of the
               | electrical grid or to address specific operational
               | constraints.
               | 
               | https://www.enlitia.com/resources-blog-post/what-is-wind-
               | cur...
               | 
               | "paid to turn off" Wind energy providers in some
               | countries are compensated for curtailment, this a form of
               | subsidy for renewables. It can be payed directly by the
               | goverment, or it is added to the price of electricity for
               | consumer.
               | 
               | https://www.cleanenergywire.org/news/renewable-
               | curtailment-c...
        
           | 1970-01-01 wrote:
           | >you have to literally pay someone to consume that energy,
           | 
           | Here's the thing. That's a rule and not a technical problem.
           | Absolutely no reason to do this other than rules and
           | regulations.
        
             | ZeroGravitas wrote:
             | Yes, but even more so, it's a good sensible rule!
             | 
             | People don't even bother to argue why it's bad, they've
             | just seen so many headlines telling them it's bad they
             | don't question it.
        
               | 1970-01-01 wrote:
               | I'll question it. Why does it exist? Why can't we just
               | shut off the panels or dump excess energy into a metal
               | rod? Why do we need to have a buyer at all?
        
               | friendzis wrote:
               | Because otherwise the incentive structures for solar-as-
               | baseload, sweeping the actual cost on the consumers,
               | collapse. The system is built on putting equality sign
               | between oversubscribed solar and coal/gas backups during
               | times of undersubscription.
        
               | ZeroGravitas wrote:
               | It's not a buyer, people are paid to take the energy that
               | would otherwise be wasted. And when energy use is shifted
               | it means you need to generate less later, saving money.
               | 
               | The people who pay that cost to the people using the
               | energy are people running energy generators that suffer
               | wear and tear when they ramp down.
               | 
               | Or sometimes it's a subsidy for the use of clean energy
               | being passed on to ensure the clean energy is actually
               | used, not wasted.
               | 
               | All upside, no problems at all.
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | Inverters can be configured with export limits to limit, or
           | entirely halt, energy exports based on market or grid
           | signals. Term of art is "curtailment."
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtailment_(electricity)
        
           | mr_mitm wrote:
           | > When solar OVERproduces you have to literally pay someone
           | to consume that energy,
           | 
           | Can't we just throttle the solar panel? In a worst case, you
           | just pull the plug. It's not like a nuclear power plant which
           | needs to be shut down carefully, or am I misunderstanding
           | something?
        
             | tacet wrote:
             | You can limit amount you feed back into network.
             | 
             | Not sure how is situation with home installations, factory
             | i work for runs 150kw plant for our own consumption and
             | don't bother with selling, but i know that we can set up
             | how much we want/are allowed to feed back.
        
             | tapoxi wrote:
             | Yes that's exactly how it works, it's called curtailment.
        
           | pstuart wrote:
           | When there's an OVERproduction of energy, that really means
           | there's an UNDER-availability of storage. Battery tech
           | continues it's march towards cheaper prices, and alternatives
           | such as thermal storage are making inroads as well.
           | 
           | It borders on criminal to have abundant energy production be
           | disservice.
        
             | ElevenLathe wrote:
             | I'm no energy markets analyst, so take this with a grain of
             | salt, but I think the next major breakthrough for solar
             | (not the slow, inevitable rollout we're seeing now) will be
             | when somebody figures out an economical way export this
             | periodic overproduction. There is basically never a time
             | when humanity as a whole has an overproduction of free
             | energy, but at present we also don't have a way to make
             | money turning this surplus into a tradable product (like
             | oil, coal, LNG, etc.) because all the electric-powered
             | processes for making such products (ammonia, methane,
             | primary aluminum production, etc) require big hunks of
             | capital equipment that lose money unless they're operated
             | more or less continuously. Battery, thermal, pumped hydro,
             | etc. help here, in that enough of it can theoretically turn
             | off-and-on solar/wind power into a continuous load to power
             | your aluminum smelter or whatever.
             | 
             | Even better though, would be a cheap electrically operated
             | methane plant that you could afford to run intermittently.
             | This, plus a peaker natgas generating plant make,
             | effectively, a battery of infinite size, or you can sell it
             | to any of the many eager buyers of natgas.
             | 
             | Building a small, prefab, plant like this, if possible,
             | would seem to be mainly a problem of scale, and therefore
             | it seems likely that China will get to it pretty soon.
        
           | Rebelgecko wrote:
           | Cheap home solar installations usually have a disconnect- do
           | they not use those in larger scale installs?
           | 
           | I'm also surprised they aren't using batteries to capture
           | overproduction. They've been clutch in the US, and we're not
           | exactly pushing the envelope of green energy nowadays
        
           | horsawlarway wrote:
           | Home installations just cut it off. In both of these cases.
           | 
           | I did my own battery backed installation. When I'm
           | underproducing I can shed load (I turn off my AC - almost
           | always that's enough, and it's automated by relay). When I'm
           | overproducing (ex - my battery is full and my load is still
           | not enough to consume input) I just don't let the panels
           | generate more current than I can consume.
           | 
           | Managing grid scale power is different concern, and not
           | particularly relevant to small household generation.
           | Especially not relevant in the 800W category for "balcony
           | solar" (which is much smaller than what I'm working with).
           | 
           | Solar is fucking coming, whether you continue to shove head
           | into the ground or not.
           | 
           | It's just way more affordable. Getting easily more affordable
           | as batteries continue to improve.
           | 
           | I honestly doubt I'll still be connected to a local utility
           | grid for electric 10 years from now, and I live in a region
           | of the US that has considerably cheaper grid power than most
           | areas.
        
             | theshrike79 wrote:
             | My current EV has a 38kW battery.
             | 
             | When it's too worn out for car use (SoH around 60-70%),
             | it's still perfectly enough to run _everything_ in my house
             | for multiple days - except for the electric sauna, and I'm
             | smart enough to turn it on if there are production issues
             | :D
             | 
             | There's a reason why EV's will never be as cheap as the
             | cheapest ICE shitbox. Just the bare metals in the battery
             | are worth thousands when recycled, even more if the battery
             | is still viable.
        
               | sl-1 wrote:
               | If you ever are looking to implement that EV battery as
               | house backup, this repo might be useful:
               | https://github.com/dalathegreat/Battery-Emulator
               | 
               | I did mine with it and old leaf 24kwh battery (~60k km).
               | After all the safety margins I get ~15 kwh out of the
               | battery.
        
               | tadfisher wrote:
               | Sorry, the consequences are too dire for me to delegate
               | household battery control to a vibe-coded project.
               | 
               | I'm curious what your home insurance provider has to say
               | about your installation.
        
               | laurencerowe wrote:
               | The value of the metals will depend a lot on the battery
               | chemistry. LFP batteries don't need nickel or cobalt and
               | sodium-ion batteries can also replace the expensive
               | copper foil on the anode with cheaper aluminium foil.
               | 
               | I'm somewhat sceptical that used batteries will ever be
               | worth much other than as scrap given the cost and
               | complexity in testing, installing, and managing a mixed
               | set of used batteries in larger installations.
               | 
               | With new batteries halving in price every 4 years or so
               | the value of the raw materials in old NMC batteries alone
               | should make it economical to sell for scrap and buy new
               | batteries for stationary use cases after 10 years or so!
        
           | MagicMoonlight wrote:
           | No you don't, you could just ground it. Paying them is a
           | choice.
        
           | teamonkey wrote:
           | This is not how curtailment works.
           | 
           | Curtailment is when an energy company has successfully bid on
           | delivering electricity for the next block of time (an hour,
           | for example) but it can't provide that agreed amount of power
           | because it would overload the grid. There are various reasons
           | why that would happen: faults and unexpected lack of demand,
           | for example. In that case the company is paid for the energy
           | it was contracted to deliver, only for that period of time,
           | even though it did not provide power.
           | 
           | It is wrong to say that overproducers HAVE to be paid. They
           | don't. They only have to be paid if there was an agreement to
           | buy that power but for whatever reason the grid can't take
           | it. Normally if there is a generation surplus, the cheapest
           | companies will win the bid to provide power and the others
           | will simply not be paid.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | The utility SHOULD ensure there is enough power for the
             | worst case. Which is why they will sometimes pay someone to
             | not generate power.
        
           | theshrike79 wrote:
           | Here in Finland electricity prices can drop to under 1c/kWh
           | due to renewables, basically every time it's sunny and/or
           | windy electricity is practically free (the transfer costs are
           | static though).
           | 
           | A few times the price has actually been negative, people got
           | paid for using electricity due to overproduction =)
        
             | leonidasrup wrote:
             | In Finland you produce more electricity from nuclear
             | energy, than from hydropower, wind, or solar.
             | 
             | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/electricity-prod-
             | source-s...
             | 
             | The amounts for year 2025: Nuclear 32 TWh, Wind 22 TWh,
             | Hydro 12 TWh, Solar 1TWh.
        
           | mbgerring wrote:
           | There will be connected batteries in every home solving this
           | problem faster than the fossil fuel lobby can come up with a
           | new talking point about why it'll never work.
        
             | laurencerowe wrote:
             | I'm not convinced we'll ever see mass deployments of
             | batteries to homes, not because of the fossil fuel lobby
             | but because of the economies of scale from installing grid
             | sized batteries at strategic points in the transmission
             | network.
             | 
             | In California grid scale batteries have capital costs of
             | around $125/kWh to $155/kWh while a home battery might be
             | 20x that including installation.
        
         | te_chris wrote:
         | Wild that you're getting downvoted for saying something so
         | obvious. Weird.
        
           | 9wzYQbTYsAIc wrote:
           | Politics of solar, at work
        
           | izacus wrote:
           | That's the same kind of problem solving that thought making
           | self driving Teslas is the solution for infrastructure
           | problems.
        
             | forgetfreeman wrote:
             | I'm fairly certain securing one's household's access to
             | energy independent of rate increases triggered by a
             | combination of aging infrastructure and data center power
             | demand doesn't have a lot in common with tech bros attempts
             | at reinventing trains badly from first principles but I'm
             | open to hear the argument. Care to unpack that?
        
               | username135 wrote:
               | Im eager to hear rhis one...
               | 
               | _grabbing popcorn_
        
           | mbgerring wrote:
           | Not weird if you've been participating in discussions on
           | clean energy since the beginning of this century.
           | 
           | The inevitability of the energy transition has been obvious
           | for so long, and even when it's done there will be cranks
           | insisting that it'll never work.
        
         | PowerElectronix wrote:
         | I'm every day more convinced that the only reasonable future of
         | energy production is distributed solar and storage with
         | microgrids at the neighbourhood level or so.
         | 
         | Anything bigger in scale is prone to being shittified to the
         | limit by public entities.
        
       | derelicta wrote:
       | A shame local companies where I am from have year long backlogs.
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | The "balcony solar" system is going to be available in Lidl for
         | no-approval self-install. Limited to 800W.
        
           | jandrese wrote:
           | Depends on your locality. The Fossil fuel industry is
           | lobbying hard against this and is successful in some places.
        
       | cjrp wrote:
       | The UK previously didn't allow small plug in solar panels (the
       | kind that you just plug in to a mains socket) due to, I believe,
       | safety reasons. This has changed within the last few days
       | https://energysavingtrust.org.uk/solar-roadmap/
        
         | mytailorisrich wrote:
         | It hasn't changed... yet. The media noise is because the
         | government has announced that they were reviewing current rules
         | with the aim of allowing "balcony solar" by the end of the
         | year.
        
         | lazyasciiart wrote:
         | I believe it's only legal in Utah so far in the US: they
         | legislated it last year, and apparently half the country is
         | expected to pass a copy-paste version in their next sessions
        
           | TYPE_FASTER wrote:
           | Current state by state status (not my site):
           | https://pluginsolarusa.com
        
       | metalman wrote:
       | to answer the first question in the article
       | 
       | "Many consumers want to know how long it will take them to make
       | back the upfront costs of solar"
       | 
       | my answer is that the payback is imediate, right from the first
       | moment watching as energy is generated out of thin air, and the
       | sudden relief from getting off the energy angst missery-go-round,
       | and the sheer borring inertness of solar pv as it does the thing
       | with zero detectable effort, is gratifying and relaxing in a way
       | that money never gives.
       | 
       | I will add that solar pv is increadably robust, and damage
       | tollerant as well, you can drive a claw hammer through a panel,
       | and while it does not improve the performance, the degradation is
       | actualy not that much, and it will continue to function for years
        
         | 9wzYQbTYsAIc wrote:
         | The mindset shift towards "how many hours of computer usage did
         | that one panel enable" is like the mindset shift from learning
         | calculus, in some ways. Not quite a paradigm shift, but you
         | gain a new appreciation for conservation of use when it's a
         | difference between choice of $/kW/hr and "wow, the panel
         | powered that for most of the day".
         | 
         | At the same time, many people will just use a solar calculator
         | or watch or yard lights etc, oblivious to it all.
         | 
         | Show people a solar powered laptop, a solar powered phone, or a
         | solar powered tablet, then they will be impressed.
         | 
         | Remember the craze about solar powered car competitions?
         | 
         | permacompute + solar would make for quite the $100 laptop
         | competition.
        
         | zowie_howie wrote:
         | Is it immediate? Sure, there is satisfaction that you are using
         | 'free' electricity. But it does have an upfront cost. I
         | calculated that it would take over 11 years to recoup the
         | investment based on our current usage. Given we already get
         | cheap night-time rates to charge the car and run appliances, it
         | is hard to justify.
         | 
         | Like many UK houses, we have gas central heating too. I guess
         | if we had a battery too (more investment) then we could switch
         | to using electric oil-filled radiators, though they would not
         | heat the whole house. And we could install a hot water tank.
         | 
         | I guess for new builds there is a real opportunity, but for an
         | existing household I'm struggling to see how it works - and I
         | want it to!
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | I don't think it ever makes sense to switch to electric
           | radiators. It _might_ make sense to switch to a heatpump, but
           | you need to avoid being hugely overcharged by the installers
           | and there are flow issues if you have 8mm piping.
           | 
           | This ROI calculator looks reasonable:
           | https://ukcalculator.com/solar-panel-roi-calculator.html -
           | note that it subtracts the install cost for you, so any case
           | where the final figure is positive is profitable. But of
           | course that depends on whether grid prices go up or down in
           | the next decade ...
        
             | mytailorisrich wrote:
             | Well France did move to electric everything (cooking, hot
             | water, heating) in the past thanks to ample nuclear
             | electricity production (and possibly not too harsh
             | winters). Unfortunately they let their nuclear programme
             | decay and are struggling now (EU grid integration does not
             | help)...
             | 
             | I think a big part of the push to install heat pumps now is
             | that it is understood that electricity production is in
             | dire straights, taking into account that the transition to
             | EV requires a _lot_ of electricity.
        
           | ZeroGravitas wrote:
           | Are you talking about rooftop solar?
           | 
           | For an 800W balcony system your background house usage is
           | likely to be enough to self consume most of it.
           | 
           | You'd wouldn't be able to run even a small oil heater except
           | maybe in peak summer.
           | 
           | It's a good match for working from home as it's a small
           | amount of power spread over daylight hours.
        
           | tencentshill wrote:
           | Ideally, the problem will solve itself. People will get angry
           | with increased energy prices, and elect politicians who
           | promise to bring them down (The most effective and visible
           | way being home solar subsidies, while reducing gas/coal).
        
           | skippyboxedhero wrote:
           | UK also has massive subsidies. I know someone who got a
           | government subsidy, the company didn't complete the job, got
           | paid for the government for the full job, and they calculated
           | the payback was 50+ years.
           | 
           | At this point, I do not understand how anyone can possibly
           | believe that the people advocating for this stuff are
           | thinking in terms of economic (as opposed to political or
           | social) returns. This stuff makes no economic sense and is
           | already bankrupting the country.
           | 
           | Also, there is a legal requirement for new builds to have
           | this now, this is with a massive shortage of housing, with a
           | government that is a government of the "people" but has just
           | put out the same housing targets as the last one and is
           | running 75% behind annually. The scale of subsidies being
           | given to these industries is probably tens of billions, green
           | energy subsidies are now 5x larger than industry
           | profits...this makes no sense, even with sky-high electricity
           | prices (to be clear, it is consumers who are ultimately
           | paying for this...we pay higher prices so that a lawyer
           | somewhere can prattle on about leading a "green revolution"
           | that is lining the pockets of donors).
        
         | rdtsc wrote:
         | >> "Many consumers want to know how long it will take them to
         | make back the upfront costs of solar"
         | 
         | > my answer is that the payback is imediate,
         | 
         | So if I pay $35k for an install, I get a $35k check the first
         | time I connect it to the grid? Pretty sure it doesn't work that
         | way. But it would be a nice subsidy from the government if they
         | were really motivated.
         | 
         | I guess you're saying you start to feel good and validated to
         | have spent the money by seeing _some_ savings every billing
         | period. It's hard to argue with feelings of course, but that's
         | not not the original concern. People want to know how long is
         | it going to take: 1, 5, 10 years or ... never (if panels
         | degrade or break before it will never pay off) to pay off their
         | investment.
        
         | jrmg wrote:
         | We just got solar panels and a battery installed on our house.
         | I try to be hard-headed about the economics when planning, but
         | I have to say the _experience_ of having done it is exactly as
         | you describe.
         | 
         | The other thing it made me is angry at the political morass
         | that these things seem to be in.
         | 
         | At a technical level I understand the 'base load' arguments,
         | but we are throwing away _so much energy_ that's just there for
         | the taking by not having these everywhere. On most days, our
         | house (in Western North Carolina) gets enough energy from the
         | sun that we net-export to the grid - and we have an EV! There's
         | just no need for the massive amounts of carbon we are spewing
         | into the air - the energy is just falling onto us!
         | 
         | In the future, providing we're still around, we'll look back at
         | a time when we could've been getting all our energy needs from
         | just the sun (and wind etc.) and shake our heads in disbelief
         | at those who fought against the idea that we should even
         | _think_ about efficiently using it so viscerally.
        
         | mbgerring wrote:
         | It's already possible for consumers to know that, I worked on
         | the software that powers the tools that tell US consumers this
         | at Genability ca 2015.
         | 
         | As far as I know, they never cracked the European market, so if
         | you're interested in working on that, I'm currently available
         | for hire! Info in profile :)
        
       | dust42 wrote:
       | I once read an article that in Berlin the sewage system is
       | flushed with fresh water because too many people have installed
       | water saving toilet flushers. So plenty of people bought these
       | water savers and now the price of water has gone up because the
       | water that is directly flushed needs to be paid too.
       | 
       | The 'balcony power stations' are the same thing. They get
       | subsidised, and you even get a fixed kWh price when pushing into
       | the grid.
       | 
       | The problem is that in the end it will become more expensive for
       | everybody because at times you have a surplus driving the whole
       | sale electricity prices into the negative while still paying
       | fixed prices for injection into the grid.
       | 
       | To make this economically viable, you have to have everyone
       | paying spot prices. Everything else is just green ideology driven
       | inefficiency.
       | 
       | Just to make it clear, I think renewables are an important option
       | for the future. But to make them a viable option of the
       | electricity energy mix, supply and demand, storage and grid
       | capacity need to be taken into account.
       | 
       | Last not least, there is plenty of low hanging fruit to drive CO2
       | emissions down: drive up the truck tolls. Currently you have
       | potatoes farmed in Germany, driven to Poland to get washed,
       | transported to Italy to be converted to french fries and
       | transferred back to Germany into the super markets.
       | 
       | Same goes for home office, during Covid it was possible for many
       | workers to continue with their work. Does an accountant need to
       | drive to an office every day? Nope. How many business trips could
       | be replaced by a video call?
       | 
       | If the CO2 emissions problem is to be solved rather sooner than
       | later, the money has to be spend efficiently as there isn't
       | enough of it.
        
         | watwut wrote:
         | > I once read an article that in Berlin the sewage system is
         | flushed with fresh water because too many people have installed
         | water saving toilet flushers. So plenty of people bought these
         | water savers and now the price of water has gone up because the
         | water that is directly flushed needs to be paid too.
         | 
         | What is this supposed to mean? You flush less water, therefore
         | water price is more expensive, because flushed water needs to
         | be paid too?
        
           | myrmidon wrote:
           | Presumably that the water bill (for tap water) was priced to
           | cover both tap water provisioning and sewage works. But
           | people using (free) rainwater to flush toilets ruined the
           | pricing model, making the tap water price go up.
           | 
           | I honestly don't see the problem, it's probably still worth
           | it (because society still needs to provide less tap water and
           | saves there).
        
           | goodpoint wrote:
           | The conclusion that saving water is greenwashing is just
           | wrong.
        
             | dust42 wrote:
             | > This is just made up.
             | 
             | Or not. https://www.welt.de/wirtschaft/article152318777/Was
             | sersparen...
             | 
             | Edit: parent changed his answer, I have included it now.
        
           | coryrc wrote:
           | GP is partly right. Most of the cost of sewers is fixed cost:
           | employee salaries, building and maintaining X kilometers of
           | sewers, etc. Some is variable: chemicals, but a small part.
           | 
           | If you, a single person, cut your water usage in half, you
           | pay half as much. But if everybody uses half as much, the
           | system still needs about the same amount of funding. So now
           | you double the per-unit price, and everybody pays the same
           | they were before spending money on water saving features. In
           | this case, even if each person used half as much water, the
           | total water needed isn't cut in half because the sewers need
           | more water to function.
           | 
           | (Also, water isn't "used"; most of it's transported, cleaned,
           | transported, dirtied, cleaned again, transported)
        
           | mytailorisrich wrote:
           | Perhaps that sewers need a certain volume of water flowing in
           | order to function correctly. If that water does not come from
           | toilet flushes, etc then they pump water into them to
           | compensate.
        
         | Gibbon1 wrote:
         | I have the curse of having an mom who was a smart CPA.
         | 
         | All this stuff root top solar, plug in solar costs at least
         | twice what utility solar. And only makes sense when you have
         | messed up rate setting schemes that enable arbitrage.
         | 
         | But it's not what you want if you want to get the most GW
         | connected as fast as possible.
         | 
         | Like the requirements that new houses have roof top solar. You
         | could get twice as much if you just invested the money in a
         | conventional solar farm.
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | > Like the requirements that new houses have roof top solar.
           | 
           | As a CPA child, you should understand that the same money is
           | very different when it comes out of a different account.
           | 
           | (everyone watches two critical numbers, income tax and
           | government deficit, so the #1 priority is to hide capital
           | spending somewhere else, in this case by moving it to buyers
           | of new homes)
        
             | ben_w wrote:
             | While true in general, I suspect that this won't change
             | house prices as (I think) those are more driven by supply-
             | demand imbalances rather than the actual costs, and that
             | the increase in costs will go into someone else's profit
             | margin, which may be some mix of the builders (although
             | they're famously opaque from all the sub-contracting) and
             | the land owners.
        
               | Ray20 wrote:
               | Regulations like these make the entire renewable energy
               | sector seem like a crazy scam and greenwashing.
               | 
               | They might not have much of an impact on property values
               | (certainly no more than the plethora of existing building
               | regulations). But we shouldn't be surprised if as a
               | result people vote for a candidate whose campaign promise
               | consists of picking up a grenade launcher and blowing up
               | windmills.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | On the one hand, it's been obviously economically a good
               | idea to require this for about a decade, both because PV
               | is cheap and would pay for itself even at full price and
               | also because doing it construction time is cheaper than
               | doing it later.
               | 
               | Even moreso now, because PV is now cheaper per square
               | metre than tiles or fences, even if you don't hook it up
               | to the grid afterwards.
               | 
               | On the other hand, this is the UK so maybe. They did
               | Brexit and somehow Farage hasn't been deported for the
               | consequences.
        
           | leoedin wrote:
           | > But it's not what you want if you want to get the most GW
           | connected as fast as possible.
           | 
           | I agree with rooftop residential solar. The cost per kW is
           | high, each site is fiddly and requires far more labour and
           | paperwork than the extra cost of adding 4kW of solar panels
           | to a large grid scale one.
           | 
           | But plug-in solar bypasses most of that. The cost to the
           | government to allow someone to buy and install a panel on
           | their balcony is effectively nothing. A single 800W panel is
           | not interesting, but the aggregate effect of 10% of
           | households buying an 800W panel at the local shop is an extra
           | 12% of installed solar capacity.
           | 
           | Admittedly that's less than the annual growth rate right now.
           | But it's also almost free.
        
           | ZeroGravitas wrote:
           | US costs for rooftop solar (at build time or retrofit) are
           | misleadingly high.
           | 
           | In the EU build time solar roofs overlaps with utility costs
           | but up to 1.5x , and retrofit is say 2x.
           | 
           | To give context. In the EU adding solar to new homes is cost
           | competitive with running existing(!) nuclear plants. In the
           | US only utility scale is competitive with that.
           | 
           | Retrofit rooftop solar is about the same as new nuclear in
           | the US, retrofit is 25% cheaper than new nuclear in the EU.
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | > They get subsidised, and you even get a fixed kWh price when
         | pushing into the grid
         | 
         | Neither of these is going to be true for the UK balcony scheme
         | (you can't get export generation pricing unless it's an MCS-
         | certified install).
         | 
         | > drive up the truck tolls.
         | 
         | The price of diesel is going to do this anyway very soon.
        
         | vrganj wrote:
         | Thinking of this in terms of markets is the real ideologically
         | driven inefficiency.
        
           | dust42 wrote:
           | You can spend every euro or dollar only once. If you consider
           | CO2 emissions a critical problem, then you should spend every
           | single dollar as efficiently as possible. Obviously
           | independence of fossil fuels has a value too, as the current
           | situation in the middle east shows.
           | 
           | It would make much more sense to import (renewable)
           | electricity from Spain to Germany than strawberries.
        
             | vrganj wrote:
             | You shouldn't be spending euros or dollars at all. The
             | economic system is the ideology holding us back.
        
               | danaris wrote:
               | So...what _should_ we be spending?
               | 
               | Gold coins? Pesos? Cows? Inferior-quality copper ingots?
               | 
               | It's entirely possible that you have a good point, but if
               | so, it's gonna need a whole hell of a lot more context to
               | elucidate.
        
               | pjscott wrote:
               | If money ever starts looking particularly illusory, try
               | thinking in terms of the underlying resources that
               | markets allocate.
               | 
               | That's 'resources' viewed as expansively as possible,
               | everything from the specialized labor-hours of people who
               | know how to do quality control on bulk-manufactured
               | photovoltaics to the ore used to make ball bearings in
               | the factory all the way to the guy in charge of managing
               | a grain elevator that was involved in making the bread
               | for the sandwich one of the janitors had for lunch. The
               | web of collaboration between all these far-flung people
               | who mostly don't know each other, too vast and intricate
               | to fit in any living mind, is how we currently get most
               | of our material stuff.
               | 
               | ... And in a conventional market system, the core of how
               | those people coordinate their efforts is _money_. The
               | price that each person is willing to buy something for or
               | sell it for sends a signal about how much they care about
               | it relative to other things. And markets are one popular
               | way of aggregating that information, helping guide
               | society 's cooperative efforts in the direction of what
               | people care about.
               | 
               | There are various allocation systems that don't involve
               | money, both theoretical and historical. Community-based
               | mutual reciprocity with a reputation mechanism to
               | discourage freeloading, for example, can be found _all
               | over the place_ in pre-modern history because it worked -
               | as long as your community was small enough that you can
               | realistically all know each other. Or, back in the 20th
               | century, there were a number of efforts to scale up
               | operations research toward the level of nations, since
               | suddenly we had computers fast enough to handle e.g. non-
               | trivial linear programming. (The successes and failures
               | were both instructive.)
               | 
               | --
               | 
               | Coordination problems are _hugely_ underrated in
               | political discourse. So when I hear people say things
               | like  "The economic system is the ideology holding us
               | back", I always have to wonder: how carefully has this
               | person thought about a what a viable alternative would
               | look like?
               | 
               | "I dislike the current system" is only the first and most
               | trivial part of a real reform agenda; the next part has
               | to be "... and here is how to meaningfully change it in a
               | way that doesn't result in disaster, with a detailed
               | discussion of mechanism design and a look at relevant
               | historical prior attempts. [Insert essay or hyperlink
               | here.]"
        
             | myrmidon wrote:
             | No this would not make more sense.
             | 
             | Grids are not set up to move significant percentages of
             | national consumption over longer distances, and expansion
             | is slow, expensive and prone to nimbyism.
             | 
             | Countries already struggle to move electrical energy inside
             | their own borders (e.g. Germany: north=>south), shifting
             | double digit percentages of national consumption across
             | Europe is not gonna happen any time soon. Germany alone
             | plans to spend at least ~EUR100bn over the next decade on
             | this (internally, not on connecting Spain!).
             | 
             | Much more effective to focus on local generation first than
             | to try and rely on slightly better conditions for solar
             | panels half a continent away.
        
         | tjansen wrote:
         | As soon as everybody is paying spot prices, balcony power
         | stations are not economically viable anymore. Even today, on a
         | sunny day, spot prices for electricity are either very low or
         | even negative. The more solar power is available, the lower
         | these prices will be. So your balcony power station is
         | replacing electricity you could get for free anyway. At night,
         | when you are not producing electricity, you still need to buy
         | the expensive electricity from fossil plants.
         | 
         | The reason why personal solar installations are profitable is
         | that you can buy electricity for fixed prices from your local
         | power company. You pay the average of the vastly different low
         | (or negative) prices during the day and the extremely expensive
         | prices on windstill nights. Solar allows you to use your own
         | electricity when the average is below spot prices, and get
         | power for much less when the price you pay is cheaper than spot
         | prices. It's like a state-approved scheme to play the market in
         | the name of decarbonization while actually increasing everybody
         | else's prices and possibly even CO2 emissions.
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | > spot prices for electricity
           | 
           | There are various good websites for showing the UK generation
           | mix, but pricing seems less public. A lot seems to be done on
           | day-ahead, which is pricing for the whole day not minute by
           | minute. Is there a minute-by-minute ticker? Tariff?
           | 
           | (the reason I'm asking is that I'm skeptical as to how true
           | this is for places that aren't California)
        
             | tialaramex wrote:
             | You can see spot prices at the top of grid.iamkate.com for
             | example.
             | 
             | It would be nice to have some belated insight into how the
             | bids look. Like maybe a few random hours released from a
             | week ago?
             | 
             | Oh, and it's half hours. You can't buy or sell five minutes
             | of electricity, just half hours, which is why your smart
             | meter also thinks in half hours. 48 periods per day.
        
               | stuaxo wrote:
               | Wow, PS100 per MWh and 12% is fossil fuels in the mix at
               | 10:48am ... a bit more Solar adoption and maybe that 12%
               | could go away, it's morning after all.
        
               | mytailorisrich wrote:
               | It's windy (41% wind). Solar is not great all day long
               | and all year long in the UK (8% solar at the moment, it
               | is a cloudy day).
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | Aha - that led me to https://bmrs.elexon.co.uk/system-
               | prices , which shows that for the last week prices have
               | been hovering in 80-180 range, and there was only one
               | period of negative pricing during the day.
        
           | mytailorisrich wrote:
           | To me this illustrates that with renewables (solar and wind)
           | the key is storage. You want to grab all you can during
           | excess production/very low prices periods and then use that
           | for the rest of the day.
           | 
           | You can do exactly that by buying battery packs but (1) they
           | are more expensice pieces of kit than solar panels and (2)
           | capacity and output of DYI/plug in systems is very limited.
           | 
           | A quick check online also says that (in the UK) peak spot
           | prices are usually 7am-10am and 5pm-9pm, which are basically
           | when demand picks up or hasn't dropped yet while solar panels
           | are useless...
        
             | tjansen wrote:
             | > You want to grab all you can during excess
             | production/very low prices periods and then use that for
             | the rest of the day.
             | 
             | Batteries help, but even that is limited in northern
             | countries like the UK. If you look at the data, in July
             | '25, solar produced 2.36 TWh. But in December '25, it was
             | only 0.535 TWh: the output in summer is >4 times the winter
             | output. So either you need to discard 75% of the
             | electricity produced in summer, or you need truly gigantic
             | batteries that store power produced in summer for winter.
             | Both is not economical. Solar is far less efficient in the
             | UK than in, for example, Florida.
        
               | mytailorisrich wrote:
               | In the UK wind contributes more to the grid that solar
               | (not unexpected). Overall the issue with either or both
               | is still that production varies widly over time including
               | within a day.
               | 
               | With solar specifically you have the obvious day/night
               | cycle, which makes storage required to make the most of
               | it.
        
           | tpm wrote:
           | > As soon as everybody is paying spot prices
           | 
           | Which is never, because even then you are still paying some
           | sort of taxes on top of the spot prices and also network
           | fees.
           | 
           | The price of electricity from the network also has to include
           | the price of delivery, while homemade electricity only has to
           | recoup initial investment.
           | 
           | Of course this means given enough home installations (in
           | places with enough sun) the price of electricity from the
           | network will rise, more people will install their own
           | stations, some will even disconnect, rinse and repeat. I read
           | somewhere this exact situation is already playing out already
           | in Pakistan.
        
           | vablings wrote:
           | This is why smart meters are important to providers, they can
           | more accurately model the spot pricing adjustments which
           | means that you actually use LESS fossil fuels. Also most new
           | meter installs support bi-directional metering
        
         | Xylakant wrote:
         | The price of water has gone up for a multitude of factors. One
         | of them is water savings in general, but not primarily because
         | the sewage system requires regular flushes. The reason is that
         | water gets paid per qubic meter and includes a fresh water and
         | a waster water component. The assumption is that almost all
         | fresh water you use ends up as waste water. Now, the grid has a
         | very substantial fixed-price component that's largely
         | independent from the actual current volume being used. Putting
         | pipes in the ground and maintaining them there is an actual
         | costly endeavour. If water use now drops, and the baseline cost
         | remains stable, then it's entirely expected that the price per
         | volume rises. It's simple math. The same baseline cost needs to
         | be brought in via less volume.
         | 
         | This will also happen to people that use residential gas. As
         | less and less people use residential gas, the maintenance of
         | the gas network gets distributed among less and less customers.
         | 
         | > The 'balcony power stations' are the same thing. They get
         | subsidised, and you even get a fixed kWh price when pushing
         | into the grid.
         | 
         | They are subsidized on purchase, but the price they get when
         | pushing energy into the grid is by default fixed at 0. The
         | network accepts the power, but there's no payment. It's also
         | capped at 800W delivery, meaning that at peak power generation,
         | you'd earn a whopping 5 cent an hour with the current subsidy
         | for full scale solar power. So in practice, the only benefit
         | owners have is that they draw less power from the net which is
         | much more attractive because of the pricing structure. You can,
         | optionally, register your balcony power station as a regular
         | solar power plant, but then you're subject to a whole bunch of
         | rules and regulations (for example you need a suitable
         | elctricity meter etc.). This option is generally not attractive
         | for such small power generations.
         | 
         | Fundamentally, though, the same issue as with the water and gas
         | network exists with all localized (solar) power generation. If
         | more and more people use the grid only as a backup, or for
         | winter energy needs, then the overhead of maintaining the grid
         | will have a larger cost contribution to the total cost of
         | electricity.
        
       | pjc50 wrote:
       | Fairly boilerplate article, but the bit that is news is the UK
       | balcony solar permitting. Better longread:
       | https://solarenergyconcepts.co.uk/post/plug-in-solar-uk/
       | 
       | Government press release with a long list of pull quotes:
       | https://www.gov.uk/government/news/government-to-make-plug-i...
       | 
       | (I note that in the alternate universe where Ed Miliband became
       | PM because he didn't eat a bacon sandwich, we could have had this
       | a decade ago. It is embarrassing to be beaten on environmentalist
       | regulatory efficiency by _Germany_ )
        
         | mytailorisrich wrote:
         | > _I note that in the alternate universe where Ed Miliband
         | became PM because he didn 't eat a bacon sandwich, we could
         | have had this a decade ago_
         | 
         | I read what is happening in exactly the opposite way. To me it
         | shows that Milliand and the government at large do very little
         | with no strategic thinking and no plan (same as the guys before
         | in fairness but this government was supposed to be soo
         | different...) and, in this case, is only reacting in a panic
         | after almost 2 years in office to the pressure of "doing
         | something" because of the Iran war, while also being told
         | (slight mitigating circumstances for Milliband) that it mustn't
         | cost anything. I always picture scenes from The Thick of It/ In
         | the Loop when I imagine how they come up with 'ideas'.
        
           | teamonkey wrote:
           | These policies were in their manifesto, they just take some
           | time to enact, even with a majority government.
        
         | ZeroGravitas wrote:
         | He also removed the effective ban on onshore wind construction
         | that was introduced a month after he lost the election,
         | restarting after a decade of lost opportunity.
         | 
         | This Trump-level idiocy that is just never mentioned, even as
         | people blame the gas burned in england on windy days as a cost
         | of wind curtailment, when the curtailment is more a like a
         | third of the cost. Burning gas to power people who chose not to
         | build turbines is the other 2/3rds.
         | 
         | In the alternate world that is tens of billions of gas costs
         | avoided to date and tens of billions more in future.
        
           | mytailorisrich wrote:
           | At the same time they are banning wind turbines leaders
           | (Chinese companies) from opening factories in the UK...
           | [1][2]
           | 
           | [1] https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c995xjxk97mo
           | 
           | [2] https://www.energyvoice.com/insights/energy-
           | opinion/594763/m...
        
             | tim333 wrote:
             | That seems rather dumb. I wonder why they blocked the Ming
             | Yang thing in Scotland? The UK seems to make quite a lot of
             | dumb energy decisions like blocking UK North Sea gas and
             | then buying North Sea gas from Norway.
        
               | mytailorisrich wrote:
               | Yes it is rather 'dumb'. Apparently the policy is to
               | reset relations with the EU so perhaps selling out to
               | Siemens is deemed preferable, or perhaps they got the
               | usual friendly phone call from Washington D.C, it is
               | difficult to follow. And that's the point: Where is the
               | plan? Where is strategic thinking?
        
               | petre wrote:
               | China bad. In case of supply chain attack perhaps. It
               | doesn't matter anyway because the Chinese have basically
               | won by moving forward while others were bikeshedding,
               | focusing on diesel emissions cheat devices, closing down
               | nuclear power stations, burning Russian gas on a windy
               | day, not having a proper grid capacity to move electrons
               | South, delivering brexit and so on.
        
               | laurencerowe wrote:
               | There's just not much gas left in the UK North Sea.
               | 
               | > Industry body Offshore Energy UK (OEUK) claims that
               | more oil and gas could be extracted by 2050. However, the
               | 'High Case' scenario for future production in a report
               | for OEUK would still mean that 92% of production has
               | already occurred.
               | 
               | ...
               | 
               | > Compared to the maximum oil production that occurred in
               | 1999, UK output in 2025 was 77% (over three-quarters)
               | lower.
               | 
               | https://eciu.net/media/press-releases/around-90-of-uk-
               | north-...
        
             | linksnapzz wrote:
             | Once upon a time, Brits could build gensets and reduction
             | gears. In Britain, even.
        
         | oliwarner wrote:
         | British industry and standards bodies think this is an unsafe
         | plan.
         | 
         | Of course they would because it's work being taken away from
         | them but it would be allowing people to plug generators into
         | ring finals with unidirectional breakers. It's not even
         | guaranteed that the circuit is protected by anything newer than
         | fuse wire or an MCB. No guaranteed earth leakage detection. No
         | guaranteed surge protection. Relying on the cheapest inverters
         | to sync frequency accurately. And
         | 
         | I have more faith in German standards and work ethic than our
         | own.
        
           | formerly_proven wrote:
           | The situation in germany is essentially the same, but that's
           | why net supply by these is limited to 800 W. I don't think
           | anything changes w.r.t. earth leakage, why would the presence
           | of the solar supply change anything from the RCD and fault
           | point of views, respectively?
        
             | mytailorisrich wrote:
             | Not expert but one difference is that in Germany the
             | standard wiring is radial circuits with 16A MCBs while in
             | the UK it's ring wiring with 32A MCBs.
             | 
             | So in the UK we have 2.5mm^2 wires in a ring on a 32A
             | MCBs... Of course a 2.5mm^2 wire is rated ~20A so any
             | issues with the ring (sockets still work since connected
             | from the other branch) can burn the wire before the MCB
             | trips...
        
               | formerly_proven wrote:
               | The "standard" wiring is 1.5mm2 on 16A MCBs which are
               | rated to trip at 1.13-1.45x nominal current (so 18-23 A).
               | So this is already mildly improper because you can pull
               | elevated currents continuously and dramatically shorten
               | the life of the insulation.
        
           | fnordpiglet wrote:
           | I find it interesting because often the best way to achieve a
           | safe building code is to learn by allowing with basic guard
           | rails and iterating as things happen. This isn't ideal for
           | the rare individual impacted by the "things happening," but
           | collectively we refine and iterate. Our current standards
           | weren't arrived at by navel gazing - we got the codes we have
           | by experience. It's hard to realize that from the present
           | that you can't reasonably learn without doing and by
           | constraining without learning prevents growth and learning.
        
             | zdragnar wrote:
             | Are there lessons on safety that need to be learned here?
             | We already know what the happy path looks like, and we've
             | plenty of lessons on what the unhappy path will look like.
             | 
             | It isn't as if electric charge coming from balcony solar
             | panels is some new magical-seeming type of electricity.
        
               | foxglacier wrote:
               | Safety is statistical and depends on human behavior.
               | Unexpected behaviors might appear. For example some
               | places require a power outlet on kitchen islands because
               | with out, people will use cords to the wall which creates
               | tripping hazards.
               | 
               | Also, why do wires have to be fixed to joists every 300
               | mm? It's not about the electrons.
        
             | jerlam wrote:
             | "Things happen" is a interesting way to say "houses burn
             | down and kill everyone inside". And I don't believe that
             | electrical standards were developed with the idea that
             | houses could both consume and generate electricity.
             | 
             | Not to mention that most houses aren't up to current
             | electrical standards, much less fire codes.
        
           | labcomputer wrote:
           | "Unidirectional breakers" aren't a thing for AC circuits.
        
             | jonatron wrote:
             | https://www.bgelectrical.uk/uk/circuit-
             | protection/devices/rc... Right there, both bidirectional
             | and unidirectional breakers.
        
               | formerly_proven wrote:
               | It would be really interesting to know what's so special
               | about these UK units that they can be "damaged" by being
               | fed from the "wrong" side (as per some other article),
               | considering that the only place where these behave like
               | that is an island north of France.
        
             | hamdingers wrote:
             | Not in the US, but in parts of Europe they effectively use
             | AFCI/GFCI breakers for everything.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Those are code in the us now too. (with exceptions for
               | where they don't make sense)
        
             | aaronmdjones wrote:
             | Yes they are. Current alternates direction, but power
             | usually only flows in one direction, from the input
             | terminal (from the bus bar) to the output terminal (that
             | the circuit is wired into).
             | 
             | If the circuit will be supplying power too (e.g. battery
             | storage, an EV and EVSE that supports powering the house
             | from the EV, etc) then you need a bidirectional RCBO.
             | 
             | People with no differential fault protection need not worry
             | about any of this, they'll just be killed when it goes
             | badly wrong.
             | 
             | Source: Am a UK electrician
             | 
             | Example: https://assets.cef.co.uk/downloads/pdg/wylex_nhxs1
             | b32_datash...
             | 
             | EDIT: To say nothing of people with unidirectional
             | electricity meters; plugging these into those setups will
             | get them prosecuted for electricity theft. All SMETS 2
             | smart meters are bidirectional; you'd best check your meter
             | if it isn't one of those.
        
         | gib444 wrote:
         | British governments have a terrible record with all eco schemes
         | (mostly handouts to conmen). I don't expect this to be
         | different
         | 
         | And it is of course home-counties obsessed thinking. They can
         | both afford these toys and also have more sun
        
       | misja111 wrote:
       | Can anybody explain how these plug-in solar panels work? I am
       | suprised that it's possible to just plug them in to your wall
       | socket.
       | 
       | For instance, isn't it complicated to have their output be in
       | perfect sync with the frequency that comes in via the electricity
       | net? Because to me it seems that if they won't, you will have
       | lower benefits or even a net minus after plugging it in.
        
         | canpan wrote:
         | Not a specialist, just from what I heard: There are two things
         | that make it work. First they are not really "independent" like
         | the title says. They sync with the grid frequency. If the grid
         | is down they shut off for safety. The other reason it works is
         | that the grid power inside the home is just what you get as
         | incoming power ~ 230V. For example, I think in the US you get
         | 240V or so delivered to your house, but 120V from the plug.
        
         | mytailorisrich wrote:
         | My understanding is that plug-in solar inverters do sense what
         | is coming from the grid and phase-sync to it with a PLL, and
         | also adjust voltage accordingly.
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | > isn't it complicated to have their output be in perfect sync
         | with the frequency
         | 
         | Not especially, given that the inverter has a microprocessor in
         | it. All it has to do is measure the phase of the existing grid.
         | 
         | I don't have references for how it's actually done, but one
         | obvious approach is simply to wait at each zero-crossing for a
         | new half-cycle to cross a voltage threshold before turning on
         | the output. This also implements the requirement to drop out if
         | the grid goes away. It is probably also possible to measure
         | during the "off" side of inverter output PWM, in the same way
         | that variable frequency motor drivers work.
        
         | myrmidon wrote:
         | Typically, you have "dumb" panels connected to a mppt-
         | controller/charger/inverter box which is connected to batteries
         | and and electrical plug. This controller tunes voltage/current
         | that is taken from the panels, optionally manages the attached
         | battery and measures and feeds into the grid connection.
         | 
         | Some systems are capable of running in isolation from grid
         | (providing 230V AC on their own), but this is less common and
         | often unnecessary.
        
         | wyldfire wrote:
         | I guess if you can solve phase alignment then another big
         | problem is grid capability?
         | 
         | If everyone plugged one in, could the transmission network
         | reliably deliver the power generated where it's needed? I
         | thought that was a serious long term challenge for utilities
         | wrt solar.
        
         | gorbypark wrote:
         | The micro inverter (most of these balcony kits use micro
         | inverters) uses the grid as the reference. Most of these
         | inverters will actually do nothing when the grid goes down.
         | Like, they shut down for safety so you are not back feeding the
         | grid, but even if you had some sort of back feeding isolation
         | going on, they would still do nothing because they don't have
         | the reference of the grid.
         | 
         | It's a downside of many grid tied residential systems (even
         | large ones). No grid = no solar.
         | 
         | The Enphase IQ8 series is one of the first mass market micro
         | inverters based systems to have the ability to make its own
         | tiny electric island when the grid goes down. Requires an
         | isolation switch and a relatively power hungry controller to
         | use that feature, though. I looked into them for a balcony
         | solar setup but it would be way overkill to run a full on
         | controller for 800w of solar!
         | 
         | The best way for a small setup is just have a small "solar
         | generator" battery that can take MC4 connectors as input.
         | Prolonged power outage? Unplug the inverter, plug in the
         | battery.
        
         | itsmek wrote:
         | Syncing them with electricity is easy. The hard part is
         | preventing export to the grid which requires either a
         | compatible smart meter that can communicate with your panels or
         | a transformer clamp installed by an electrician. My
         | understanding is some meters measure both directions equally so
         | if you do end up exporting power you can conceivably increase
         | your utility bill.
        
       | ForHackernews wrote:
       | They are going to start selling solar panels at Lidl, a German-
       | owned grocery store chain
       | https://www.independent.co.uk/extras/indybest/house-garden/l...
        
         | gorbypark wrote:
         | I saw a video from the UK government with a guy walking down
         | the aisle of a Lidl talking about it! I quickly went to Lidl.es
         | to look as these 800w balcony solar setups are legal here in
         | Spain. Unfortunately they don't sell the here! Maybe once the
         | UK does it they'll start.
        
       | comrade1234 wrote:
       | Related, there's also a boom in at-home battery installations.
       | 
       | https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/climate-adaptation/switzerland-...
        
       | roysting wrote:
       | So where are these solar panels that are providing this energy
       | independence being made? In Europe, right?
       | 
       | Because if they were being made in, e.g., China, that wouldn't
       | really be independence any more than being a trust fund nepo baby
       | makes you a great success.
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | Once you've bought the panel, unlike oil, that's it. The panel
         | doesn't remember its national origin.
        
           | glimshe wrote:
           | And panels last forever, ensuring that Europe won't have to
           | deal with panel manufacturers ever again.
        
             | pjc50 wrote:
             | Warranty lives tend to be in the 20+ year range and
             | potential lifespan even higher, so .. kinda?
             | 
             | By coincidence I had my solar panels installed round about
             | the time construction started on Hinkley Point C. They've
             | already paid back their installation cost. I don't expect
             | to replace them any time soon.
        
             | abenga wrote:
             | You have 20 years after buying them to set up a local
             | supply chain.
        
             | jandrese wrote:
             | Historically panels are generally considered to be
             | exhausted after 30 years of service, although even that
             | means they're down to 80% of their original capacity.
             | 
             | The more failure prone component is the inverter, by a huge
             | margin.
        
           | throw0101c wrote:
           | > _Once you 've bought the panel, unlike oil, that's it. The
           | panel doesn't remember its national origin._
           | 
           | Until there's a geopolitical event occurs and your supply
           | chain gets cut off so any expansion, warranty, or replacement
           | units cannot arrive, so you're stuck at the your current
           | level of deployment (which may or may not be sufficient for
           | your needs).
        
             | pjc50 wrote:
             | That's certainly an issue, but much, much less critical
             | than gas.
             | 
             | Are people really suggesting the opposite: that the
             | renewables transition should _not_ occur, and the EU should
             | continue to burn gas from more and more desperate sources,
             | until it can be onshored?
        
             | danaris wrote:
             | That's nowhere near the level of dependency that fossil
             | fuels bring.
             | 
             | Barring significant damage, you can maintain approximately
             | your current level of power generation for _years_ at a
             | time without more than routine maintenance.
             | 
             | Fossil fuel power requires _constant_ input of, well,
             | _fossil fuels_.
             | 
             | So while what you're saying is true, it would be a
             | ludicrous stretch to say that it brings solar panels within
             | a few orders of magnitude of fossil fuels in terms of
             | dependency on foreign powers.
        
             | michaelteter wrote:
             | This is normal business. Suppliers change due to all kinds
             | of reasons. If you are planning any major build and you
             | haven't also planned contingency cases, including alternate
             | suppliers, then you are not qualified to be in charge of
             | such a build.
             | 
             | And it's not like you cannot find good alternatives outside
             | of China. They may be more expensive, but they exist (and
             | are high quality - Germany).
        
             | vablings wrote:
             | Solar panels are piss-cheap to make. They are literally
             | just glass with a transistor on them (huge
             | oversimplification)
             | 
             | All of the materials used are readily available and
             | manufacturing is not incredibly difficult. Inverters and
             | control circuitry is way more of a risk than the panels
             | themselves but there are stockpiles and sources that are
             | good for many places
        
             | jandrese wrote:
             | That is a problem. The only way it could be worse is if
             | your technology required a constant supply of input from a
             | foreign country...
             | 
             | From a geopolitical standpoint running a country on locally
             | produced renewable power is obviously the least risky
             | approach, even if you get cut off from further expansion of
             | your renewable production.
        
         | michaelteter wrote:
         | > In Europe, right?
         | 
         | Germany makes a lot of high quality solar panels.
         | 
         | But whether you like China or not, buying their panels and
         | equipment to make yourself energy independent is a reasonable
         | option, especially if (when) their products are good quality
         | and priced well.
         | 
         | Your independence is only at risk if China decides to stop
         | offering you the things you need. In that case, your future
         | supplier will have to change. But not only is that unlikely to
         | happen, it's irrelevant to the NOW. In the NOW, you could be
         | buying tons of what you need to become self-sufficient.
        
         | _aavaa_ wrote:
         | Clearly uneducated take.
         | 
         | The photos hitting my solar panel don't travel through the
         | straight of Hormuz.
        
         | triceratops wrote:
         | Countries other than China make panels too. India is dealing
         | with an oversupply from domestic production right now:
         | https://solarmagazine.com/2025/08/india-solar-supply-chain-f...
        
           | roysting wrote:
           | There is so much darn what-about coping going here. I can't
           | help people with their emotional rationalization.
           | 
           | Fact of the matter is still getting your source of energy
           | from India, when you are not India, is still not energy
           | independence either, regardless of whether or not you do or
           | do not like India more or less than China.
           | 
           | The craziest part about all of this is that Europe is quite
           | literally not independent in any way whatsoever, especially
           | not in matters of energy of any kind.
        
         | CobrastanJorji wrote:
         | "We periodically need replacements for our magical energy
         | making machines" is a problem, but it is orders of magnitude
         | less severe than "we will run out of fuel for our furnaces
         | tomorrow."
         | 
         | That said, "running out" of oil isn't necessarily a real
         | problem for the US, as we're net exporters of oil. The oil we
         | export isn't the same kind as the oil we refine, but we _could_
         | build refineries to refine our own oil and achieve
         | "independence" that way. It'd just be less profitable.
        
       | 1970-01-01 wrote:
       | "Suddenly" is horrific evidence that the government has no idea
       | how to do long-term plans.
       | 
       | Wait until you tell them you can run cars entirely on electricity
       | from a solar farming. I'm sure they will ignore you until the
       | price of diesel reaches four-digit territory. 1000p today? If
       | only we didn't have to pay these incredible prices, what a
       | miracle that would be..
        
         | michaelteter wrote:
         | It's not that government has no idea, it's that around the
         | world, too many "leaders" are directly or strongly indirectly
         | being enriched by the fossil fuel industry and their support
         | industries.
         | 
         | So politicians have a choice: do what's right for the people,
         | or gain more power/money for themselves. Not every one of them
         | chooses poorly, but enough do that it is difficult for real
         | progress to be made.
        
           | mrguyorama wrote:
           | Don't forget the truly _staggering_ amount of voters who seem
           | to be ideologically opposed to energy independence and self
           | delusion to support those bought politicians.
           | 
           | People earnestly and genuinely spout "But the birds" to wind
           | installations. Why are they so intent on taking any possible
           | excuse? Why do they _need_ to have an opinion on something
           | they know nothing about?
        
       | PowerElectronix wrote:
       | For european individuals, yes. For european nations, not in the
       | least. They try to avoid independent consumers and producers of
       | energy with all the regulations they can throw to them.
        
         | myrmidon wrote:
         | What nations are you talking about? E.g. in Germany, you can
         | buy up to 7kW of panels, screw them onto your roof, wire them
         | up with controller and battery and feed up to 800W into local
         | grid, no one is gonna stop you or anything (only thing you need
         | to do is register online with the grid operator if you have
         | >2kW of panels).
         | 
         | Legislation is, in fact, specifically made so people (i.e.
         | landlord) actually _can 't_ easily stop you from doing this.
        
           | PowerElectronix wrote:
           | The limits in power you can install, power you can inject to
           | the grid and power you can just directly sell to neighbours
           | through a micro-grid (zeeo, as it's illegal) tell quite the
           | story.
        
         | MandieD wrote:
         | A quick check of OBI (our main home-improvement chain) shows
         | that I can get that 800w "balcony" plug-and-go system for
         | 300-600 EUR depending on the exact panels and inverter I want,
         | and it's all pre-approved. I have fill in a simple, free form
         | online announcing that I've done so or am planning to, and I'm
         | now technically an energy seller - my local utility pays some
         | for power fed back into the network (not nearly the rate they
         | charge for delivering power, but better than a poke in the eye
         | with a sharp stick). If I don't want to accept 0.08 EUR/kWH,
         | I'm free to plug in a battery for any excess. Our base load
         | when I have my work computer and monitor on during the day is
         | somewhere in the neighborhood of 300w, so I think this would
         | work out well for us. I need to get off my bum and do it.
         | 
         | Shockingly unbureaucratic for Germany.
         | 
         | There is, as one could imagine, somewhat more burden for larger
         | systems that require the involvement of someone who is actually
         | an electrician, but I don't want my neighbors to be able to DIY
         | fire hazards.
        
           | PowerElectronix wrote:
           | Yeah, as long as you are basically giving free power to your
           | provider, it's all good.
           | 
           | God forbid you produce more, or try to sell it for market
           | prices or even sell it directly to other individuals through
           | a microgrid.
        
       | bokohut wrote:
       | Several recent HN posts about "time" and these correlate superbly
       | in relation to the now obvious, to nearly all, global energy
       | issues. Those proactive in a reactive world are often mocked and
       | laughed at until as such passage of time is achieved for those
       | only reactive to learn of the proactive's hindsight choices. For
       | those in the United States aware of the 'behind the scenes'
       | energy grid issues this insight reflects that prices will not be
       | dropping for those electrons we all so depressively require daily
       | just like our air and water. Energy grid decentralization is
       | occurring with the actions of each individual and this article
       | supports exactly that because no one alive can survive in our
       | modern world without those electrons. "Necessity is the mother of
       | invention" only now resonates for some while the futurists here
       | that acted long ago acutely understand this growing trend.
        
       | exabrial wrote:
       | EU had quite a bit of energy independence with its nuclear fleet
       | at one point.
        
       | svilen_dobrev wrote:
       | i have been looking on this for an year+.. Here some current
       | (online-shops) prices in Bulgaria.. say shop.chepakov.com /
       | kameasolar.com                 - panel 490Wp 2sq.m chinese = ~80E
       | - battery 5kwh Li chinese = ~1200E , non-chinese ~2000E+       -
       | hybrid invertor+charger 4kw = ~800E chinese , ~2000E non-chinese
       | - grid and regulations:       -- day price: 0.15E/kWh, night:
       | 0.09E/kWh       -- no such thing as spot prices - summer or
       | winter, peak sun or midnight, no difference       -- can install
       | anything AS LONG AS Nothing goes back into grid - and does not
       | break other city/dwelling rules
       | 
       | if one gets the electronics from Germany - geizheis.de - prices
       | are half, coz a) no VAT, b) less middlemen . Even some smaller
       | things come with free postage - from Germany to Bulgaria ; i did
       | buy several smaller chargers/inverters (5kg), while local sellers
       | here have no such ideas. But anyway.
       | 
       | The (proven) efficiency one can get is about 50-60% per Wp (if
       | there is sun). So.. it depends how much panels one can install as
       | that is the monie-source, all else is monie-sink :/
       | 
       | Rough Napkin math, electronics with german prices, ~5 hours per
       | day sun on average: 10 panels (1000E) + 2 batteries (2000E) +
       | inverter (1000E) ~~4000E yielding on average 440kwh/month i.e.
       | pay itself in 5-7+ years, mostly for summer loads. While 5 panels
       | + 1 battery + inverter ~2500E -> ~220kwh/month -> 6-8+ years
       | 
       | BUT only IF you can use that much electricity, otherwise it will
       | take much longer to repay. And, batteries have to be replaced
       | probably in 5-7 years, depending on depth-of-discharge.
       | 
       | In most places here everything is electrical. i have convectors,
       | boilers, stove, etc. No A/C. (all other electrics is maybe under
       | 2kw in total). i use like day/night 400/250kWh in summer,
       | 1400/800 kWh in winter. Some people have noisy heat pumps but
       | doubt that changes things much.
       | 
       | If it was a separate house - i would have done it long ago. But
       | it's a block of flats.
       | 
       | So... small Balcony stuff makes no sense (a very expensive UPS?),
       | big balcony stuff (like putting those 5 panels as balcony's
       | shade.. a) probably won't be allowed, b) only a short balcony
       | faces south-ish.
       | 
       | The roof of the building is empty - 250sq.m - and can hold about
       | 75 panels - but dividing that into 15 (or 50+ in higher
       | buildings).. is not pretty. a) Making one single farm and
       | splitting the bill/output seems the only reasonable way but does
       | not work without completely rewiring the building's grid input
       | and measurings; not doable without bunch of
       | permissions/certifications ; while b) making 15 separate
       | 5-panels-packs - is not much economical, plus few kilometers of
       | cables.. And c) If only few people want panels on roof, maybe
       | some form of renting the roof space from others who don't want..
       | may work for a while but as any renting, may go crazy.
       | 
       | So.. been sitting and thinking.. and recently seems only
       | sitting..
        
       | Aboutplants wrote:
       | In the US, Distribution costs (the separate charge outside of
       | your energy cost on your utility bill) are also incredibly high
       | and going to keep rising as infrastructure costs mount. In my
       | area, my distribution costs is actually more than my energy cost
       | so the only way I ever think about solar is if I can decouple
       | from the grid completely and get rid of those distribution costs.
       | Got a long lo no ways to go
        
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