[HN Gopher] The Los Angeles Aqueduct Is Wild
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The Los Angeles Aqueduct Is Wild
        
       Author : michaefe
       Score  : 265 points
       Date   : 2026-03-17 18:43 UTC (3 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (practical.engineering)
 (TXT) w3m dump (practical.engineering)
        
       | anjel wrote:
       | Nice picture but I've never seen the water anywhere near blue
       | like that.
        
         | Supermancho wrote:
         | That's a youtube thumbnail. I believe it's been altered, which
         | also explains the strange brown substance that looks out of
         | place.
         | 
         | Most of the video content has the correct coloring, from my
         | experience observing the aqueduct.
        
         | w4der wrote:
         | I think it's edited to look like water he uses in his garage
         | demos.
        
       | 3happyrobots wrote:
       | Really enjoyed watching that. Good luck with water LA.
        
       | bombcar wrote:
       | I wonder at what point the up-front costs of massive desalination
       | would overcome the (often hidden and externalized) costs of
       | projects like this.
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _the up-front costs of massive desalination_
         | 
         | Desalination is dominated by operating costs.
        
           | rtkwe wrote:
           | Correct it's massively energy intensive to filter the salt
           | out the newest best ideas still use ~2 KWh/m3 of water and
           | that's a lab system in perdue that batches the process
           | instead of having it run continuously which is why current RO
           | desalination systems require so much energy.
        
             | smm11 wrote:
             | California pays other states to take its excess solar
             | energy. Power for a project like this isn't the issue,
             | actually building the system is the issue.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _California pays other states to take its excess solar
               | energy_
               | 
               | Intermittently. Essential services like water (with
               | expensive fixed costs) aren't a good fit for absorbing
               | variable supply.
               | 
               | > _Power for a project like this isn 't the issue_
               | 
               | California has the country's most expensive power [1] in
               | part due to policymakers constantly assuming it's free.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.electricchoice.com/electricity-prices-by-
               | state/
        
               | rtkwe wrote:
               | They wouldn't if you switched just Urban water use from
               | natural sources to desalination. To do that you need to
               | replace the ~5 million acre feet of water, ~6,167,400,000
               | m3, that goes into the Urban bucket which is all of the
               | water used to keep people alive, clean, and all
               | industrial uses of water. [0] That comes to ~ 12BkWh of
               | energy needed to scale up batched reverse osmosis to take
               | over just the life and job required water needs which is
               | about 25% of the total solar power generated in all of
               | 2025 via grid-scale solar farms. CA does export some
               | during the day due to excess solar but is still a net
               | importer of power.
               | 
               | [0] p2 of https://cwc.ca.gov/-/media/CWC-
               | Website/Files/Documents/2019/...
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | Those are the numbers I was looking for - that means that
               | (ignoring build-out costs) total desalination for CA
               | would be on the order of 10% of the 3 gorges dam yearly
               | output (max).
        
               | rtkwe wrote:
               | Using a system that's currently in a lab scale only and
               | ignoring other energy costs like moving the water to the
               | plant, mixing the briny output back down to acceptable
               | levels, and then pressurizing the system to replace the
               | gravity fed design it currently uses.
               | 
               | For a rough estimate for replacing agricultural uses too
               | ~6x that urban figure at least then weep at the amount of
               | pumps you'd need to bring that water up and inland to the
               | farm lands from the coast. At least for replacing urban
               | use most of the population lives on/near the coast where
               | the water would be produced.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | Farm use is by far the biggest, but "taking" water from
               | the inland empire and dragging it to LA is also a cost.
               | 
               | But all of this is firmly in the "we could do it if we
               | really wanted/needed to" not "needs more energy than the
               | sun will produce in its lifetime".
        
             | detourdog wrote:
             | A scaled down perspective is....
             | 
             | The most efficient commercial desalinator for boats is 32
             | Watts a gallon.
        
               | fhdkweig wrote:
               | Do you mean 32 Watt- _hours_ / gallon?
        
               | detourdog wrote:
               | Hard to say. The spec sheet calls out 4 Amps for the 12
               | Volt system or 32 Watts for a single gallon.
        
               | fhdkweig wrote:
               | If it includes the time it takes to produce that gallon,
               | there would be enough information to do the energy
               | calculation.
        
               | detourdog wrote:
               | I guess it would be 48W/h as it makes about 1.5 gallons
               | an hour.
        
               | rtkwe wrote:
               | Which to scale back up and complete the comparison to the
               | state of the art in lab "batch reverse osmosis" systems I
               | was originally talking about that's ~12.7 kWh/m3.
        
             | masklinn wrote:
             | For a real world comparison, the Perth desalination plant
             | claims ~4kWh/m3.
        
         | kjkjadksj wrote:
         | I don't think the brine pollutant issue has been meaningfully
         | solved. You are also now pumping water inland uphill the whole
         | way.
        
           | SoftTalker wrote:
           | For usage where the water mostly returns as sewage, is
           | treated and then returned to the ocean, you can just dilute
           | the brine with the treated discharge and then it returns at
           | basically the original salinity.
        
             | kenhwang wrote:
             | It is common now for treated discharge to be sent to a
             | discharge lake/leach wetlands so it can be used to
             | replenish groundwater supplies.
        
         | kibwen wrote:
         | As long as we don't try to hide and externalize the cost of all
         | the hyper-saline brine management that comes with desalination.
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | We can store it in the remains of Owens Lake ;)
        
       | hparadiz wrote:
       | The California aquaduct system is an engineering marvel.
        
       | KerrAvon wrote:
       | If anyone wants a deep dive on this subject:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadillac_Desert
        
         | actionfromafar wrote:
         | Or another kind of take:
         | 
         | https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0071315/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0_tt_8...
         | 
         | (Chinatown)
        
           | willturman wrote:
           | Or another kind of take:
           | 
           | Land of Little Rain by Mary Hunter Austin
           | 
           | https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/91707.The_Land_of_Little.
           | ..
        
         | jackconsidine wrote:
         | Came here to post this. Dam good book on the shifty maneuvering
         | that resulted in the Owens Valley Diversion and ultimately the
         | population center that is LA.
        
           | hvb2 wrote:
           | That bit of history can't be left out. The engineering is
           | super cool though.
        
       | gorfian_robot wrote:
       | Being from LA, I am used to a water system that works without
       | needing power. I think most of CA is like that. It was a surprise
       | to lose the water back east when the power went out during a
       | storm.
        
         | duomo wrote:
         | The LA water system is dependent on power as a whole. There's
         | many pumping stations along the various aqueducts.
        
         | devilbunny wrote:
         | I know NYC doesn't treat their water at all, but LA doesn't
         | either?
         | 
         | My city runs on surface water, so we have treatment and then
         | pump to storage tanks. You would have to be out for quite a
         | while to run the city out of water, though - the tanks are
         | large.
        
           | kenhwang wrote:
           | LA definitely treats the water. Both the surface water before
           | consumption (I'd be surprised if any city doesn't do this)
           | and the wastewater, for reclamation for nonportable use like
           | irrigation, and for recycling back into the general clean
           | water supply.
           | 
           | The aqueduct water is specifically purified by the Los
           | Angeles Aqueduct Filtration Plant. That plant is gravity fed,
           | but it doesn't operate without power.
           | 
           | LA just has the advantage of having mountains in the city, so
           | it's cheaper building more elevated water storage so the
           | capacity lasts longer during power interruptions (which are
           | also not as common or extended as they are in the east). They
           | will still eventually run out if they're not replenished by
           | powered pumps.
        
           | simtel20 wrote:
           | Where did you get that idea about NYC water being untreated?
           | NYC treats its water. Chlorine is added if and when needed.
           | Testing stations exist to evaluate water quality all around
           | the boroughs, etc.
           | 
           | You can't have a city of millions of people and have the
           | water be potable from the tap without testing and treatment
        
             | ceejayoz wrote:
             | https://www.nycfoodpolicy.org/10-facts-you-may-not-know-
             | abou...
             | 
             | > New York City's water (including drinking water) is
             | unfiltered, making it the largest unfiltered water system
             | in the country. Were New York to begin filtering its water,
             | it would cost the city approximately 1 million dollars per
             | day to operate the filtration plant.
             | 
             | They have hundreds of sampling stations to check daily.
             | 
             | https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/01/nyregion/nyc-tap-water-
             | qu...
             | 
             | This causes some issues for observant Jews, because the
             | water technically might not be kosher.
             | 
             | https://oukosher.org/blog/consumer-news/nyc-water/
             | 
             | https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/07/nyregion/the-waters-
             | fine-...
        
               | andrewflnr wrote:
               | Ok, but unfiltered does not imply untreated. Maybe that's
               | where they got the idea, though.
        
               | devilbunny wrote:
               | It is, indeed. I'd edit the post but... too late.
        
               | valarauko wrote:
               | It's largely unfiltered, but it is still treated for
               | disinfection. Chlorination and UV is standard for NYC
               | water, and its fluoridated as well.
        
               | markdown wrote:
               | Treatment is usually just the addition of chlorine and in
               | some countries, fluoride.
               | 
               | Filtration isn't common.
        
           | mikestew wrote:
           | _I know NYC doesn 't treat their water at all..._
           | 
           | EDIT: I'm a dork an grabbed the wrong URL. Changed URL to a
           | PDF for lack of better.
           | 
           | A major metro doesn't treat its tap water? Where on earth did
           | you get that crazy idea?
           | 
           | <old URL deleted>
           | 
           | https://www.nyc.gov/assets/dep/downloads/pdf/water/drinking-.
           | ..
           | 
           | I'll save some digging: _" Even without filtration, the water
           | is carefully treated to reduce the risk of harmful
           | microorganisms."_
        
             | jmalicki wrote:
             | He was talking about the drinking water that comes from the
             | faucet, not the sewage.
             | 
             | The untreated NYC water has tiny crustaceans in it, which
             | make it not Kosher, which is why thee bagels from a Jewish
             | deli in NYC are so good. Go figure.
             | 
             | https://newsfeed.time.com/2010/08/31/drink-up-nyc-meet-
             | the-t...
        
               | mikestew wrote:
               | Thanks for the correction, I should have looked harder at
               | that page before posting. I've since corrected.
        
               | markdown wrote:
               | There's no way the water is untreated. Like just about
               | everywhere else on earth, they will add chlorine when
               | necessary.
        
             | johngunderman wrote:
             | You linked to wastewater treatment, not drinking water.
             | Wastewater is definitely treated in NYC.
             | 
             | Tap water _is_ treated (UV and chloride disinfecting), but
             | is largely _not_ filtered: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ne
             | w_York_City_water_supply_sys...
        
         | macNchz wrote:
         | The only places I've heard of losing water during power outages
         | are houses that use a private well (no power, no well pump),
         | which would be the case anywhere. Municipal water systems may
         | or may not use power to provide pressure, but are going to have
         | generator power outside of the most severe outages.
        
           | MrZander wrote:
           | Also, water towers. As long as the power isn't out long
           | enough to deplete the tower.
        
           | mono442 wrote:
           | Apartment buildings often have pumps to increase pressure in
           | the basement. Without power, the higher floors lose water.
        
         | larkost wrote:
         | I wonder if this was in an apartment building. We owned a condo
         | in a 5 story (4+1) apartment building and because it was taller
         | than the San Jose water system was built for, our building
         | needed (electric) pumps to provide water pressure to the
         | building (there were tanks on the roof). If we lost power, then
         | we lost water.
         | 
         | Now that we have moved to a 2 floor detached home (also in San
         | Jose) we do not have that issue, and everything is gravity fed.
        
           | fhdkweig wrote:
           | Do you lose water in the whole building, or just those
           | apartments above the water-line?
        
             | larkost wrote:
             | We happened to live on the top floor, so I don't have
             | personal experience for the lower floors, but the
             | communication on the (non official) group chat for the
             | building always hinted that any water outages (we had a few
             | non-power issues with the pumps as well) applied to to the
             | whole building. But thinking back that could be an
             | unfounded assumption.
        
             | jaggederest wrote:
             | Usually these relatively low height kinds of top-tank
             | systems lose water for the entire apartment building,
             | because there's one pump to raise the water to the tank,
             | which then passively provides the pressure (usually through
             | pressure regulators at each floor if I remember right).
             | 
             | Larger buildings tend to have multiple independent systems
        
         | tjwebbnorfolk wrote:
         | We do not lose water on the east coast when the power goes out
        
           | Spooky23 wrote:
           | It depends where you are. Most cities in the Northeast you
           | are correct. But coastal areas, big swaths of New Jersey and
           | Long Island IIRC are definitely dependent on power. Towns
           | with water towers usually pump it from the ground.
           | 
           | Alot of suburbs that can't or won't hook into city supplies
           | will sometimes need more active measures to filter their
           | water as well.
           | 
           | Sanitary sewers are _heavily_ dependent on power.
        
         | UltraSane wrote:
         | Odd. Most places use water towers to provide water pressure and
         | have backup generators for the pumps that fill them.
        
       | rimunroe wrote:
       | I was surprised to find out it was largely uncovered, though I
       | guess it probably makes it much cheaper to construct. I usually
       | think of aqueducts as pipes or tunnels, like Persian qanats. I
       | wonder how much water is lost due to evaporation.
        
         | jonathonlui wrote:
         | There's some testing to see how covering open irrigation canals
         | with solar panels which would reduce evaporation and generate
         | power
         | 
         | > Their analysis found that putting solar panels over the 4,000
         | miles of California's open canals could save up to 63 billion
         | gallons of water annually
         | 
         | https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/solar-panel-cove...
        
           | rimunroe wrote:
           | Thanks! I forgot that article, but now I remember that I read
           | or skimmed it when it made the rounds last year. It's
           | actually where I first learned that the aqueducts were
           | uncovered!
        
           | masklinn wrote:
           | > could save up to 63 billion gallons of water annually
           | 
           | To put it into perspective, 63 billion gallons is 193340
           | acre-feet, which is 0.5% of california's water use (a bit
           | under 40 millions acre-feet). That's a tenth the water
           | consumption of lawns, which is 1/15th the water consumption
           | of agriculture.
        
             | Rapzid wrote:
             | Or about 4 hours of Mississippi River discharge.
        
             | markdown wrote:
             | But how many football fields?
        
       | kyledrake wrote:
       | I was in Owens River Gorge last week, it's a very interesting
       | place. It has some of the tallest single pitch rock climbing in
       | the world, sometimes requiring 80M ropes:
       | https://www.mountainproject.com/area/105843226/owens-river-g...
        
       | strongpigeon wrote:
       | Sometimes it feels like the US has lost its appetite for grand
       | structural projects like that. Maybe it's just that I'm unaware
       | of them and that impression is the result of survival bias, but
       | given how impossibly hard it is to just build anything where I
       | live (Seattle), I'm not so sure.
        
         | BryantD wrote:
         | I don't think you're wrong. Every time someone says we can't do
         | high speed rail it makes me very sad. And as far as Seattle
         | goes... my commute is substantially affected by the I-5
         | closures. It's somewhat shocking to me that we allow
         | infrastructure to decay as much as we do.
         | 
         | I'd be happy about the light rail expansion if they weren't
         | talking about delaying the Ballard line indefinitely. :(
        
           | amanaplanacanal wrote:
           | Evidently tax cuts for the wealthy are more important than
           | infrastructure.
        
           | zardo wrote:
           | Can't do highspeed rail because it's too impractical and
           | expensive, while we're spending a west coast highspeed rail
           | network worth of money on the least popular war in US
           | history.
        
             | coryrc wrote:
             | California is spending the money and what they're building
             | is useless (oh big passenger demand from Merced to
             | Bakersfield, fuck right off with that) and costs 10x what
             | China, France, Japan, etc pay.
        
           | coryrc wrote:
           | The commute is slow because the light rail is slow. It's the
           | wrong technology for commuter rail and there are too many
           | stops. (I'm assuming you live north).
           | 
           | (more details: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=47457884)
        
         | dogemaster2025 wrote:
         | It's too complicated to corruptly make money off of a large
         | project like that. It's much easier to just buy a bunch of
         | drugs and needles and give it to the methheads, or spend money
         | on homeless while building zero homes.
        
         | jcranmer wrote:
         | You mean, like NYC Water Tunnel #3?
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City_Water_Tunnel_No....
        
         | com2kid wrote:
         | Seattle just got done building light rail tracks over a
         | floating bridge.
         | 
         | It is an insane engineering achievement. A train literally
         | running on tracks on a road that is floating on water!
        
           | strongpigeon wrote:
           | Fair. Maybe I'm too much if the weeds of this because all I
           | can think of is how much of a fight it was to pass ST2 and
           | ST3 and how we haven't even started on the Ballard line
           | despite voting for it in 2016 (10 years ago!) and how it
           | might be delayed forever.
        
           | coryrc wrote:
           | No, it's not an insane engineering achievement. It's just a
           | normal one, because nobody else has floating bridges, nobody
           | else needed it. It's also years late and costs 10x more than
           | it should.
           | 
           | It's also the wrong stupid technology. The trains are
           | constrained on space because of the low-floor bullshit. It's
           | the longest light rail in the country, it's too fucking long
           | and slow. Even if we fully built out ST3 it can't handle more
           | than ~20% of commuters. It can't be expanded with express
           | tracks because it's built deep underground, so the commute is
           | so much slower than the equivalent in other countries and
           | will NEVER compete with the automobile except during peak
           | rush hour. The northern stations are next to the freeway so
           | over half the land that could be transit-oriented development
           | can't be, and then what's left is devoted to parking anyway.
           | Complete, total waste of a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity,
           | built and planned by people who don't and won't ever use
           | transit.
           | 
           | That 10x cost directly makes it so we can't build out our
           | system properly and we keep building out car infrastructure
           | because people would rather have a car and save 2 hours a day
           | commuting.
        
             | com2kid wrote:
             | > No, it's not an insane engineering achievement. It's just
             | a normal one, because nobody else has floating bridges,
             | nobody else needed it. It's also years late and costs 10x
             | more than it should.
             | 
             | Your other points aside -
             | 
             | Doing something no one else has ever done is the definition
             | of an engineering achievement.
             | 
             | There isn't a set of best practices. There aren't a bunch
             | of off the shelf parts, there aren't any contractors who
             | can help you out because they've done it a dozen times
             | before. It is an original engineering challenge.
             | 
             | Pulling it off is by definition an achievement.
             | 
             | That said, 100% agree about the station placement. Heck the
             | stations that are well placed were poorly designed, they
             | should be profitable by including commercial real estate
             | and residences, with the revenue from both going to Sound
             | Transit to pay for the system.
             | 
             | But no, we didn't do that and I can't even get a cup of
             | coffee, in Seattle, at our light rail stations.
        
               | coryrc wrote:
               | I said it was, just not an "insane" one. It's not the
               | Hoover Dam. Trains get on to boats all the time. It's
               | innovation.
               | 
               | Oh yeah, and we hamstring ourselves because every extra
               | property can only be used for "affordable" housing and we
               | paid top dollar for it, then limit how much it can be
               | used and tie up prime property which could have been used
               | for more purposes. Gee, why is everything so expensive!?
        
           | dclowd9901 wrote:
           | I get that it is neat but it's hardly the Hoover dam is it?
        
             | dontlikeyoueith wrote:
             | No, it's significantly more complex.
        
             | darknavi wrote:
             | It's not exactly brain surgery, is it?
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=THNPmhBl-8I
        
         | rabid_0wl wrote:
         | Those projects would literally be impossible today with the
         | environmental regulations in place, especially in California.
        
           | OskarS wrote:
           | Certainly that's part of it, but also just NIMBYism. Los
           | Angeles were able to defeat the Owen's Valley farmers back
           | then, I don't think they would be now.
        
           | kibwen wrote:
           | If you watch the OP, you'll see that the construction of this
           | aqueduct caused billions of dollars worth of environmental
           | devastation. Rail all you want against regulations, but when
           | an argument boils down to "I wish we didn't have to
           | internalize all these costs and could just push them off on
           | someone else", I'm not especially sympathetic.
        
             | rabid_0wl wrote:
             | LA has paid billions to remediate, but the actual cost is
             | incalculable. Not sure who is "railing against regulations"
             | but there are obviously downsides to heavy environmental
             | regulations. Debatable if CA is striking the right balance.
        
         | schlauerfox wrote:
         | We're literally right now building a huge high speed rail
         | project that is planned to link san diego to san francisco
         | through LA, bakersfield and fresno. Progress is made on it
         | daily. https://www.youtube.com/CAHighSpeedRail
        
           | AnimalMuppet wrote:
           | Progress is made on it daily? Great. How soon can I ride it?
        
             | Animats wrote:
             | Caltrain, from SF to SJ, is part of the California high
             | speed rail system, and you can ride it right now. It's now
             | electrified at 25KV, welded rail, concrete ties, and
             | compatible with high speed rail. The Stadler trains are
             | capable of 125MPH but are run slower because there are so
             | many stations.
        
           | jimbokun wrote:
           | And when did that project start and how much has it cost and
           | how far can you ride on what they've completed up until now?
        
           | baggy_trough wrote:
           | That may be true for some twisted definition of "building".
           | Most people would say the money is simply being wasted by
           | bureaucrats, consultancies, etc.
        
           | testing22321 wrote:
           | Rejoice. It will be the world's slowest and most expensive
           | "high speed" rail.
           | 
           | So slow, in fact, many countries have faster regular rail.
        
         | oatmeal1 wrote:
         | The grand projects the US has embarked on have been completed
         | using unethical means and without regard for real environmental
         | consequences.
        
       | z3ugma wrote:
       | "Well There's Your Problem" on the collapse of the St Francis
       | Dam, mentioned in Grady's video
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hxLgM1vnuUA
       | 
       | Also I love when they refer to it as the "_First_ California
       | Water Wars" in a grim realization of the future of water scarcity
       | in the West
        
         | hamdingers wrote:
         | There is no water scarcity in California, only misallocation.
         | The vast majority of our water is heavily subsidized and used
         | for agriculture, and a substantial amount of those crops are
         | grown for export, yet agricultural exports makes up an
         | insignificant part of California's economy.
         | 
         | We could end all California water scarcity talk today, with no
         | impact to food availability for Americans, by curtailing the
         | international export of just two California crops: almonds and
         | alfalfa.
        
           | weaksauce wrote:
           | to put this to numbers... the exports are just about 0.5% of
           | california's GDP. so yeah pretty much a rounding error.
        
             | chrisrogers wrote:
             | 0.5% is a far cry from a rounding error..
        
               | panzagl wrote:
               | 0.5% is like the literal definition of a rounding error.
        
           | SCUSKU wrote:
           | Anecdotally, my friend's grandma was an almond farmer. As
           | they drove past a river in the Central Valley, she exclaimed
           | "Why is there water in that river?! Those could be watering
           | my almond trees!"
        
           | kccqzy wrote:
           | So why hasn't that been done? Have some representatives and
           | senators set limits on almond exports. Surely they wouldn't
           | be voted out in the next election given how farmers are
           | outnumbered.
        
             | patmorgan23 wrote:
             | Because farmers are making money off of exporting and have
             | significant lobbying power
        
             | markdown wrote:
             | Bold of you to assume that ordinary voters matter more than
             | Billionaires like the Resnicks of The Wonderful Company.
        
           | coryrc wrote:
           | Almonds are climate-appropriate product and valuable. Alfalfa
           | can cheaply be grown off rainwater in the Midwest and it
           | alone frees up sufficient water.
        
             | kenhwang wrote:
             | The problem is alfalfa is expensive to transport (heavy due
             | to desired moisture content). So while it can be cheaply
             | grown in the Midwest, it can't be cheaply transported from
             | the Midwest to where buyers of alfalfa are (typically
             | overseas).
             | 
             | Alfalfa is also a staple for crop rotation, so any farming
             | operation will still grow some alfalfa to maintain rotation
             | for good soil health (or during bad condition seasons since
             | it's hardier to poor conditions and not a permanent crop).
             | 
             | If alfalfa cannot be exported (through policy or economic
             | conditions), the low price attracts more livestock
             | production in-state (which would be even worse for water
             | use).
             | 
             | Those things makes it a hard crop to target for
             | sustainability and export.
        
               | coryrc wrote:
               | > it can't be cheaply transported from the Midwest to
               | where buyers of alfalfa are
               | 
               | Trains.
               | 
               | Alfalfa isn't the only alternative, and they should
               | switch to higher-value crops anyway. They would if they
               | had to pay for water. We simply need to charge everybody
               | for water usage.
        
           | dclowd9901 wrote:
           | In Arizona we grow alfalfa as well -- it's mind boggling to
           | me that in places where water is so scarce we use so much of
           | it on such a low value crop.
        
             | crooked-v wrote:
             | That alfalfa gets extensively exported as livestock feed...
             | and alfalfa is literally mostly water by weight. So the
             | arrangement is literally shipping out local groundwater in
             | bulk to other countries.
        
       | babblingfish wrote:
       | I really dig the editorial viewpoint of this article. New
       | journalism style meets fun facts about engineering.
        
       | mjamesaustin wrote:
       | Growing up in LA, I was fascinated as a kid watching the water
       | flow down this aqueduct. Anytime we drove by it on the way to
       | Magic Mountain, I'd hope that it would be a water-on day.
        
         | whalesalad wrote:
         | My dad lived in Palmdale, my mom lived in Glendale. I made that
         | trip a LOT. It's cool when it is all lit up with the colorful
         | lighting.
        
       | jedberg wrote:
       | The norcal/socal divide caused by the river is funny to me. I
       | grew up in LA, then moved to the Bay Area for college. In LA we
       | never really talked about where our water comes from. But we were
       | always 'in a drought' and always taught to conserve water.
       | 
       | My wife grew up in the Bay Area, and was told the same.
       | 
       | But her family is from Sacramento. Up until about 15 years ago,
       | everyone in Sacramento paid the same for water (based on square
       | footage of your home). There were no water meters. So they didn't
       | conserve. They ran the sprinklers in 100 degree heat for hours,
       | they washed sidewalks with water instead sweeping, and all the
       | other things.
       | 
       | But when the meters came, her Uncle blamed SoCal for "stealing
       | his water". He complained every month when the bill came about
       | how he has to pay more now because of SoCal.
        
         | kenhwang wrote:
         | Owens valley, where LA "steals" water from, is on the eastern
         | side of the Sierras.
         | 
         | NorCal, including Sacramento, is on the western side of the
         | Sierras.
         | 
         | So unless they planned on pumping the water over/under the
         | mountain range that surrounds it in every direction except for
         | towards LA, that water was never available for any NorCal city
         | to use.
        
           | dgaultiere wrote:
           | LA also gets water from the state water project which does
           | come from northern california: https://upload.wikimedia.org/w
           | ikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Ca...
        
           | jlhawn wrote:
           | they are saying that LA takes water from sources which would
           | otherwise drain into the sacramento and san joaquin river
           | delta. The video from this post mentions the California State
           | Water Project which takes water from the Feather River
           | (Oroville Dam) and distributes it along the Western edge of
           | the central valley South to Bakersfield where it is then
           | pumped over the mountains both towards Los Angeles and
           | further East to San Bernardino and Riverside. It provides way
           | more water to SoCal than the two Los Angeles-specific
           | aqueducts from the Owens Valley on the Eastern side of the
           | Sierras.
        
           | mutagen wrote:
           | The California Aqueduct delivers water from the western
           | Sierras through the Central Valley and to Los Angeles. This
           | is likely what NorCal refers to when they say SoCal is
           | 'stealing our water'.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Aqueduct
           | 
           | Would be interesting to see the relative amounts of use by LA
           | and by agriculture in the Central Valley though.
        
             | nostrademons wrote:
             | This infographic basically explains it:
             | 
             | https://www.ppic.org/publication/water-use-in-california/
             | 
             | tl;dr: Urban water use is tiny. In NorCal, the vast
             | majority of the water flows unimpeded to the sea. In the
             | Central Valley, most water is used for agriculture.
             | Agricultural water use in any _one_ of the 3 major basins
             | in the Central Valley is more than all urban areas in
             | California combined. Unsurprisingly, urban use is the
             | primary one in the SF and LA areas, but the absolute totals
             | are very small compared to total CA water supplies.
        
             | kenhwang wrote:
             | SoCal does, yes; about half the water going through the SWP
             | from NorCal, or ~75% if you include Bakersfield/Kern as
             | part of SoCal (though most would consider it Central
             | Valley).
             | 
             | But SoCal isn't only LA. LA itself gets a bit less than
             | half of their water from MWP, which manages the water from
             | the SWP and the Colorado. About the same amount it gets
             | from the the eastern Sierras. These are supposed to drop to
             | ~10% of LA's water supply as recapture/recycling projects
             | complete.
             | 
             | Or computed the other way around, LA only has rights to
             | ~20% of the water managed by MWD. Of course water supply,
             | distribution, and rights are all blended and traded around
             | all the time, but generally speaking it's not "LA" using up
             | that water from NorCal, the consumption is significantly
             | more from the cities and farms that came after.
        
           | vondur wrote:
           | Owens valley is basically dried up from the water that LA
           | takes. It's interesting as you drive in the towns in the
           | Valley and you see all the LA Department of Water and Power
           | offices over 200 miles from Los Angeles. The courts had to
           | force the LA DWP to quit taking too much water from the
           | streams that feed Mono Lake as it was in danger of drying
           | out.
        
             | kenhwang wrote:
             | Yep, Owens valley is basically an environmental disaster
             | created by LA. So in the grand scheme of things, buying
             | water from NorCal is better than stealing from the Owens
             | valley through antiquated water rights.
             | 
             | But really, California (and really the entire Western US)
             | needs a water rights governance overhaul. Right now the
             | focus is all on urban water use, which is practically
             | negligible compared to the agricultural water rights usage.
        
               | paradox460 wrote:
               | Much easier to tell Joe homeowner he's not allowed to
               | have a lawn than to close down the country club. Where
               | would the rich relax then?
        
               | ashdksnndck wrote:
               | The country club is also negligible compared to
               | agriculture. Farmers are politically not an attractive
               | punching bag though.
        
               | Spooky23 wrote:
               | That's a money play too. Some of the best farmland in the
               | world is now the endless subarban Boston->DC corridor.
               | 
               | We created the miracle on the desert, and billions were
               | made in real estate.
        
             | kjkjadksj wrote:
             | It isn't dried up, they maintain a certain water level in
             | the various lakes.
        
               | bronson wrote:
               | The lake is completely dried up.
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owens_Lake And other lakes
               | in the area are in really bad shape.
        
           | dpe82 wrote:
           | Old men yelling at the sky don't often seek rationality or
           | nuance in their cries.
        
         | jsLavaGoat wrote:
         | Yes, Norcal spent decades wagging fingers at SoCal about this.
         | There were books like Cadillac Desert.
         | 
         | Meanwhile, San Francisco drinks clean glacier water that a
         | valley in Yosemite was destroyed to provide this and they
         | refuse to repurpose a downstream damn that has enough capacity
         | to do it.
         | 
         | Physician, heal thyself.
        
           | Melatonic wrote:
           | Crystal Springs isnt anywhere near Yosemite if that is what
           | you are referencing. That being said it supposedly was
           | gorgeous and almost as amazing before being filled with water
        
             | dontlikeyoueith wrote:
             | They are referring to Hetch Hetchy.
        
             | jsLavaGoat wrote:
             | Not Crystal Springs. Hetch Hetchy, the damning of which
             | legendarily caused John Muir, the founder of the Sierra
             | Club, to die of a broken heart.
        
               | stouset wrote:
               | It's a nitpick but the words you are looking for are
               | "dam", "dammed", and "damming". Damning is a very
               | different thing entirely.
        
               | CalRobert wrote:
               | They both work, really
        
           | ashdksnndck wrote:
           | Can you clarify what you mean by: "they refuse to repurpose a
           | downstream dam"
           | 
           | California has insufficient water storage to meet demand,
           | it's not like we have huge dams lying around that we leave
           | empty when there is water available to fill them.
           | 
           | You might be referring to Don Pedro dam - but we are already
           | filling that up (modulo what we need to keep empty for flood
           | control). SF has some contractual right they could possibly
           | exercise to water in Don Pedro but that doesn't magically
           | result in California's water supply being held constant if we
           | stop storing water in the Hetch Hetchy. If SF gets the Don
           | Pedro water, that means someone else that was going to get it
           | is deprived.
           | 
           | Now, you could argue that the state can get by with lower
           | storage because ag needs to consume less or more groundwater
           | recharge or whatever, but that's a different question.
        
       | wolandomny wrote:
       | I remember hearing years ago that this aqueduct was going to be
       | shut down and then it just... never was? Does anyone else recall
       | that?
        
       | TheGrassyKnoll wrote:
       | Some say the LA aqueduct saved Owens Valley from development.
       | (I'm sure the old timers out there would have a different
       | opinion)
        
         | bell-cot wrote:
         | > (I'm sure the old timers ...
         | 
         | Something along the lines of "we fought tooth and nail to save
         | LA from development"?
        
       | TipsForCanoes wrote:
       | For anyone interested in a deep dive, I recommend the book Vision
       | or villainy: origins of the Owens Valley-Los Angeles water
       | controversy.
        
       | PeterStuer wrote:
       | Why is that picture an extreme recolor of the original?
       | 
       | https://images.nebula.tv/5ba7e541-f57c-44cc-a91d-6a89bad158d...
        
         | observationist wrote:
         | To make people click.
        
       | retrac wrote:
       | There's a poem carved into the stonework of Washington Union
       | Station, part of the art installation _The Progress of
       | Railroading_ from c. 1909:
       | 
       | the old mechanic arts / controlling new forces / build new
       | highways / for goods and men / override the ocean / and make the
       | very ether / carry human thought
       | 
       | the desert shall rejoice / and blossom as the rose
        
         | willturman wrote:
         | > the desert shall rejoice / and blossom as the rose
         | 
         | Or, rewritten for the Los Angeles Aqueduct:
         | 
         | the desert shall wither / and blossom in a plume of dust [1]
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://www.latimes.com/environment/story/2025-06-19/owens-v...
        
       | notepad0x90 wrote:
       | Looking at what Tehran is facing (not related to the war, water
       | shortage), I'm wondering why california isn't investing in more
       | desalination for SoCal, especially for LA.
       | 
       | I see some here:
       | 
       | https://lynceans.org/all-posts/status-of-desalination-plants...
       | 
       | But there are only a few in SoCal and they're for smaller
       | communities like carlsbad or santa barbara. So it is there and it
       | is working for some, why not more? naturally i assume it's
       | because everything costs more at the coast.
        
         | peterbecich wrote:
         | There are environmental and financial concerns
         | https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/05/california-desali...
         | 
         | I don't understand the financial concern at all. How could
         | increasing the water supply increase the price? It only makes
         | sense to me if the price is artificially low right now.
         | 
         | Environmental damage by a desalinization plant couldn't
         | possibly be worse than overdrawing the acquifer -- the defacto
         | solution.
        
           | daedrdev wrote:
           | Building an industrial facility in california is much more
           | difficult and expensive due to numerous regulations.
        
         | bsder wrote:
         | > I'm wondering why california isn't investing in more
         | desalination for SoCal, especially for LA.
         | 
         | Because California has plenty of water for residents. What
         | California doesn't have is plenty of water for agribusiness.
         | 
         | And the agribusinesses do _NOT_ want people paying close
         | attention as all the valid solutions to water problems are
         | basically  "shut down agribusinesses in arid areas".
        
       | scoofy wrote:
       | Just a quick plug for _Cadillac Desert_. People don 't realize
       | how fragile the urban areas of Coastal California are. We should.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadillac_Desert
        
       | rkagerer wrote:
       | Am curious, how have the shade balls been working out in terms of
       | maintenance, coating wear, leeched microplastics, containment (so
       | they don't wind up in oceans), etc? In retrospect, did it make
       | sense compared to the $250M or so uplift it would have taken to
       | build a conventional roof?
        
         | lazide wrote:
         | No way they could feasibly have built a roof over that
         | reservoir.
        
       | hnburnsy wrote:
       | My favorite part of this video is where they divert and dry up
       | one lake, and then build two reservoirs further downstream.
        
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