[HN Gopher] Tesla: Failure of the FSD's degradation detection sy...
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       Tesla: Failure of the FSD's degradation detection system [pdf]
        
       Author : doener
       Score  : 134 points
       Date   : 2026-03-19 20:09 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (static.nhtsa.gov)
 (TXT) w3m dump (static.nhtsa.gov)
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | _" In the crashes that ODI has reviewed, the system did not
       | detect common roadway conditions that impaired camera visibility
       | and/or provide alerts when camera performance had deteriorated
       | until immediately before the crash occurred."_
       | 
       | Does it not detect them at all, or fail to deal with detected
       | sensor degradation adequately? Does "Full Self Driving
       | (assisted)" slow down under conditions of poor visibility?
       | 
       | Does Tesla even look for the road surface? One big advantage of
       | those up-top LIDAR units is that you have a good scan of the
       | pavement ahead. If you're not sensing flat pavement ahead, don't
       | go there. That's basic. Vision-only systems, going back to
       | Mobileye, have been overly dependent on looking for known kinds
       | of obstacles. Original Mobileye could only detect car rear ends.
        
         | altairprime wrote:
         | > _Does "Full Self Driving (assisted)" slow down under
         | conditions of poor visibility?_
         | 
         | Under conditions of poor _camera_ visibility?
         | 
         | Humans drivers can see under conditions that cameras cannot,
         | and people will otherwise misinterpret "visibility" as
         | referring unpredictably (and with personal biases) towards
         | either human sight and/or camera processing and/or lidar
         | processing.
        
         | dstroot wrote:
         | I own two Tesla's. When conditions are adverse, i.e. fog, heavy
         | rain, the system simply shuts off and reverts back to manual
         | driving. Elon has said several times that humans can drive with
         | two eyes and Tesla should be able to drive with X number of
         | cameras. however, it suffers from the same problems humans do:
         | if it can't see it can't drive and ironically that's when it
         | reverts back to human control.
        
           | michaelmrose wrote:
           | Remember that Elon isn't actually an engineer
        
             | hn_acc1 wrote:
             | This. He makes a lot of unfounded assertions.
        
           | 9dev wrote:
           | Birds can fly with two wings and humans should be able to fly
           | with X number of limbs.
        
           | recursivecaveat wrote:
           | I definitely agree that in principle a computer can drive
           | with cameras alone. I don't know whether it's a useful
           | statement. Like a human can determine the genre of a movie
           | merely by watching it. I wouldn't suggest to blockbuster in
           | 1990 that they should collect no genre metadata for movies
           | because the database server should automatically sort it out
           | on its own. (Nowadays somewhat feasible with ML of course,
           | but 20+ years later.) What sensors/data you need is a
           | question of where computers are now or will shortly be, and
           | it seems that for now they need the extra structure of LIDAR
           | for best effectiveness.
        
             | carlmr wrote:
             | >I definitely agree that in principle a computer can drive
             | with cameras alone.
             | 
             | Obvious things first, cameras have way worse contrast and
             | low light sensitivity than human eyes.
             | 
             | Humans have much more evolved logical thinking capacity,
             | even the stupid ones can figure stuff out that modern AI
             | struggles with.
             | 
             | Humans have other sensors, too that they use to
             | plausibility check the picture they see. I.e. one of the
             | best sensor fusion systems on the planet.
             | 
             | When in doubt humans can figure out whether it's a lens
             | occlusion or a some other artifact in their vision by
             | virtue of moving their head around.
             | 
             | There's probably other things I'm not thinking of. In any
             | case to make full self driving work we should first start
             | by using all available tech to make it safe. When you have
             | safe tech you can slowly start removing individual sensors
             | while verifying that safety remains high. As the experience
             | and system evolves there will be optimization potential.
             | 
             | And until we have that low light thing and high contrast
             | figured out, camera alone doesn't cut it.
        
               | Eridrus wrote:
               | Unrelated to FSD, what's a good example where frontier AI
               | struggles with logical thinking that even stupid humans
               | can figure out?
               | 
               | I personally feel like that isn't really true any more.
        
               | kerridge0 wrote:
               | The recent one was should I drive my car to the car wash
               | if it's only 300 feet from my house although it wasn't a
               | slam dunk.
        
           | XorNot wrote:
           | Well that, but Elon is also downplaying the quality of the
           | human vision system compared to the cameras Tesla's have.
           | 
           | They're just not that good - nowhere near human vision
           | performance. And a human in a car has a surprisingly good
           | view of the road and a very fast pan tilt system to look
           | around.
           | 
           | Tesla's do not actually have 360 degree full binocular vision
           | coverage - nor the ability for a camera to lean left or right
           | to improve an ambiguous sensor picture.
           | 
           | So while I fully believe that vision only self driving could
           | work, within the constraints of automobile platforms and
           | particularly the Tesla and it's current camera deployments,
           | it is not remotely similar enough to human visual fidelity
           | for that to solve a valid argument.
        
             | buildbot wrote:
             | Literally some of the highest dynamic range sensors
             | attached to probably the best generally intelligent model
             | existing we know of -
             | 
             | Humans are hard to compete with! I'd want LIDAR & RADAR
             | just to give me an edge.
        
           | giantrobot wrote:
           | > Elon has said several times that humans can drive with two
           | eyes and Tesla should be able...
           | 
           | And this is an amazingly stupid statement. Humans drive with
           | most of their senses, not just vision. In fact our
           | proprioception plays an important role in driving.
           | 
           | Even Tesla's use of cameras is poor because they're monocular
           | and fixed in place. Most humans have binocular vision and
           | those visual sensors have multiple degrees of freedom and the
           | ability to adjust focus.
           | 
           | Even if you wanted to only use vision for navigation it's
           | irresponsible to not use binocular configurations that get
           | more reliable depth sensing.
        
           | UltraSane wrote:
           | "Elon has said several times "
           | 
           | At this point I truly don't understand why anyone cares what
           | that liar says.
        
             | maxerickson wrote:
             | It's a normative claim.
             | 
             | It might be dishonest (if he doesn't believe it is
             | possible), but I don't think he's saying that the current
             | systems have reached the mark.
        
           | renlo wrote:
           | > When conditions are adverse, i.e. fog, heavy rain, the
           | system simply shuts off and reverts back to manual driving.
           | 
           | I also own a Tesla, and there is no indication shown to the
           | user that FSD's vision is degraded. They need to add this in.
           | 
           | For example, numerous times I have been driving my Tesla with
           | FSD activated with ostensibly a clean and clear windshield
           | when suddenly the car will do the "clean the windshield in
           | front of the camera routine" without any indication that the
           | car's camera is degraded. If people haven't seen this "clean
           | the windshield routine", the wiper fluid is dispensed and the
           | wiper will vigorously wipe in front of the camera only -- the
           | rest of the windshield only gets a cursory wipe.
           | 
           | This indicates to me that the camera has poor visibility and
           | I am not informed or aware of this as a driver, which is
           | concerning. I am often curious if there is a thin occluding
           | film on the windshield in the camera box in front of the
           | camera, or something that has degraded FSD's vision, but they
           | do not give you the ability to view the camera feed, nor do
           | they notify you that the vision is degraded. I think a "thin
           | occluding film" may be in the camera box because my normal
           | windshield outside of the camera box started to show a thin
           | chemical film after a couple of months, which apparently
           | (according to a Google search) happens when a new car off-
           | gasses, adding a thin film of chemical byproduct to the
           | windshield. This is my first new car so I've no idea if this
           | is normal or not.
        
             | bradfox2 wrote:
             | Maybe you have not received an alert but, yes it does, and
             | it's annoying as all hell. Dirt, sun, etc all pop an alert
             | about degraded performance.
        
             | dawnerd wrote:
             | Absolutely could be a clouded windshield on the inside
             | (where it's really hard for normal people to clean). I
             | brought this up when I got my last Model Y that it was
             | foggy and they said it was "fine". Took it into service
             | over a year ago and noticed they cleaned it. Clearly it's a
             | problem but they're not being too transparent about it. I
             | suspect they don't want to because it's not the easiest
             | thing to remove the cover for normal people to clean.
        
           | conductr wrote:
           | My Lexus does this too. I rarely get it due to weather
           | however it's how I know I'm past due for a car wash (dust on
           | sensors)
           | 
           | In any case, it seems reasonable to me that the human should
           | be making the decisions once conditions become adverse. It's
           | a simple liability issue for the car company but also I'd
           | rather trust my own judgment if it's only 80% certain it's
           | not driving me off a cliff.
        
           | lateforwork wrote:
           | > _humans can drive with two eyes and Tesla should be able to
           | drive with X number of cameras_
           | 
           | Systems built from cameras that are only _nearly as capable_
           | as human eyes and software that is only _nearly as capable_
           | as the human brain will fall short overall. To match or
           | surpass human performance, the individual components need to
           | exceed human abilities where possible--and that 's where
           | LiDAR provides an advantage.
        
         | Sohcahtoa82 wrote:
         | I think vision-only can certainly work for 99.9% of driving.
         | 
         | But it's that 0.1% of situations where the results will be
         | catastrophic. Sure, you can detect vehicles, traffic cones,
         | bikes (both bicycles and motorcycles), people, mopeds, traffic
         | lights, lane markings, everything you'd expect on a road.
         | 
         | But what about the mattress that fell out of someone's truck?
         | If the car doesn't know what a mattress is and what it looks
         | like, it can't really adequately determine its size based on
         | the monocular vision that Tesla has. Sure, maybe it could use
         | motion vectors between video frames to make a guess, but I'm
         | not convinced that's going to work well, especially relative to
         | LIDAR.
         | 
         | Steering back to the subject at hand...
         | 
         | > "In the crashes that ODI has reviewed, the system did not
         | detect common roadway conditions that impaired camera
         | visibility and/or provide alerts when camera performance had
         | deteriorated until immediately before the crash occurred."
         | 
         | I don't think I've ever had my Tesla disable Autopilot based on
         | road conditions, though maybe it's because when conditions are
         | bad, I've just taken manual control preemptively. I've let it
         | go through construction areas where cones are guiding traffic
         | outside the painted lines, and surprisingly, it's handled it
         | fine, though I've only done this at low speeds (~20 mph).
         | 
         | Camera visibility is another story. In heavy rain at night,
         | I've had it not allow me to enable AP, though I've never had it
         | disable AP and tell me to take control. However, it HAS limited
         | the cruise speed based on visibility.
         | 
         | All this to say...
         | 
         | ...anybody buying Tesla's FSD is being swindled, as far as I'm
         | concerned. "FSD (Supervised)" is a scam. If you have to
         | supervise it, it's not self-driving. It's just a party trick
         | that you have to watch to make sure nothing goes wrong.
        
           | cornell532 wrote:
           | Mine shuts off because of conditions regularly. It's very
           | annoying.
           | 
           | FSD is a better driver than me 99% of the time.
        
           | hn_acc1 wrote:
           | 99.9%? I'm not an expert on climate, but I would guess that
           | at minimum 50% of the world faces snow or fog or heavy rain
           | while driving at times. In some places, 30%+ of all driving
           | year-round could be in snow-inclusive conditions.
           | 
           | 99.9% of driving of sea-level, non-rainy, near-the-coast
           | California/Austin weather, maybe. I would guess it's a no-go
           | in the inland foggy conditions in CA, for example, or
           | freezing rain in TX.
           | 
           | In terms of ALL conditions? 60-70% maybe.
        
       | darkwizard42 wrote:
       | Not too much to specifically take away yet, but appears that the
       | degradation detection system did not function well. That is
       | pretty egregious for FSD given a human won't be able to tell if
       | FSD is confident or needs the human to intervene. I'd expect this
       | to be a VERY important test case with high reliability of
       | passing, but who knows.
       | 
       | Overall, yikes.
        
         | himata4113 wrote:
         | A reflection on a white truck makes it confident that it can
         | move into that truck. I really have nothing else to say
         | (happened to my friend).
        
       | mrguyorama wrote:
       | >In each of these crashes, FSD also lost track of or never
       | detected a lead vehicle in its path.
       | 
       | Oh good, Tesla vehicles apparently struggle with the task of
       | "Hey, there's a car there" in degraded conditions.
       | 
       | Probably don't need to worry about that while driving though.
       | 
       | >Tesla also described internal data and labeling limitations that
       | prevented a uniform identification and analysis of crash events
       | with the subject system engaged. ODI believes this limitation
       | could have led to under-reporting of subject crashes over
       | portions of the defined time-period.
       | 
       | I thought Tesla was a "Software" company!
       | 
       | This report is insanely vague though. It's very preliminary,
       | opened yesterday.
        
         | kvuj wrote:
         | > This report is insanely vague though. It's very preliminary,
         | opened yesterday.
         | 
         | Yeah I think posting this here is premature without any
         | details.
         | 
         | Maybe I'm misremembering things, but I feel like 4-5 years ago
         | we didn't have these clickbait headlines that fed political
         | discourse. It feels like reddit culture has permeated this
         | place for a while.
         | 
         | Anytime one of Elon Musk's company has a misstep, the headlines
         | violently shoots to the top of the front page.
        
           | whoknowsidont wrote:
           | It's not premature. Every single expert in this field has
           | warned about these issues since even ~2012 days when these
           | types of platforms were being publicly discussed.
           | 
           | This is an expected and understood result given the hardware
           | and software involved.
           | 
           | You will not get past these issues without a RADICAL
           | improvement in camera technology paired with specialized,
           | dedicated processing hardware matched against several (and I
           | mean several several) "common" environment profiles.
           | 
           | FSD is a scam. It's not safe. It is not technically sound.
           | 
           | The fact that there aren't many more accidents with the
           | system is a by product of consistent and well thought out
           | road standards, car standards, other safety systems present
           | on cars, and driver education.
        
             | resfirestar wrote:
             | You're just reciting your priors, which I think supports
             | GP's point: no one is getting new information out of the
             | posted link, so it's probably premature to comment on it.
        
               | whoknowsidont wrote:
               | You are misusing some of those words and I'm not even
               | sure how to interpret them even with a hefty dose of
               | good-faith reading.
               | 
               | The report is not premature and it's not premature to
               | comment on them.
               | 
               | Can you clearly and explicitly state why you feel like
               | the report or the commentary is premature?
        
               | resfirestar wrote:
               | I was agreeing with kvuj and rguyorama that the original
               | link is to an announcement that an investigation is
               | happening, and it's too early in the process to
               | productively discuss it. People have very strong and
               | emotional pro or anti stances on the Tesla Vision system
               | in general, and love an excuse to have the debate again,
               | but in the comments here where people are talking about
               | their stance you might notice that they don't reference
               | any specific facts from the linked report to support
               | their arguments. This is because the report is still
               | vague at this stage and doesn't provide any specifics
               | that inform the discussion.
        
           | corygarms wrote:
           | To be fair, Tesla vehicles are recalled more than any other
           | automaker and it isn't close
           | https://www.autoweek.com/news/industry-
           | news/a43625242/tesla-...
        
           | dkenyser wrote:
           | > clickbait titles that fed political discourse.
           | 
           | Eh, while I agree with you on the permeation of reddit
           | culture on this board, this post is in no way clickbait or
           | political in nature.
           | 
           | In fact, the title of this post is literally copy and pasted
           | from the problem description.
        
           | ModernMech wrote:
           | People have been warning about this for over a decade, others
           | have died as a result of the lack of action, and yet we're
           | still sitting on our hands waiting for the government to
           | catch up to what expects have known for years - Tesla
           | Autonomy is fundamentally busted/cooked/broken, and needs to
           | be outlawed.
           | 
           | The reason this stuff shoots to the top is because Elon Musk
           | and his companies are a red alert _menaces_ to society.
           | People are sick of him and the damage he causes with his
           | money, and wish he and his cars would just fuck off for good.
           | From his cars slamming into people and property, his website
           | spreading hate, his starships raining fiery debris, or he 's
           | personally taking an axe to government programs we rely on,
           | everyone has cause to be absolutely _done_ with his antics.
           | 
           | But since businesses can apparently unleash autonomous
           | murderbots onto the public roadways with zero repercussions
           | for 10+ years, I guess we'll have to settle for endless
           | flamewars about Musk's campaign of destruction on HackerNews
           | instead.
        
             | sonofhans wrote:
             | You know, I agree with everything you said, and I still
             | wish this discussion weren't happening on HN.
        
       | starkeeper wrote:
       | "Cameras only" is a cost cutting for profit only feature that is
       | subject to Wile E. Coyote attacks.
       | 
       | It is a shameful engineering design to leave out LIDAR and it has
       | cost human lives.
       | 
       | Let's hope Musk does not leave out something important for the
       | moon landing. His proposal for it is absolutely ridiculous, it
       | looks like a children's book fantasy and many smaller top-heavy
       | craft have already toppled on the moon!
        
         | shmoe wrote:
         | NASA already let 'em off the hook for testing an elevator to
         | get down to the surface from the ship. The best part is no
         | part/elevator!
         | 
         | One giant leap?
        
           | jedmeyers wrote:
           | > One giant leap?
           | 
           | The gravity is weaker so just jump down /s
        
             | xnx wrote:
             | 40 foot drops would be survivable on the moon.
        
         | DonHopkins wrote:
         | His moon lander will deploy a parachute that keeps the lander
         | suspended for as long as it takes for the AI to grok the fact
         | that there is no air on the moon, and then it finally falls
         | according to cartoon physics with a whistling sound you can
         | hear through the vacuum.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wRSHzenjiNA
        
         | loxodrome wrote:
         | The introduction of self-driving technology at scale will
         | inevitably result in a few accidents no matter how many sensors
         | are used. It's the same with every new technology deployed in
         | high-risk situations, including motor vehicles themselves. Even
         | malfunctioning airbags have caused fatalities. The important
         | thing is to identify the issue early so the company can address
         | it before more people get hurt, which the ODI in this case is
         | thankfully doing.
        
           | starkeeper wrote:
           | There is still no excuse for not using LIDAR in addition to
           | anything else.
        
         | ModernMech wrote:
         | Yes, this was something that the industry figured out in 2007.
         | But because Musk has a lot of money, people do whatever he
         | says, no matter how ignorant and deadly and dangerous. He never
         | even had a cogent rationale, just absurd amounts of money. The
         | shame is so profound and widespread it's hard to fathom really.
        
           | starkeeper wrote:
           | The renderings look like the cover of a Young Adult Sci Fi
           | novel by Robert H. Heinlein. Have Spacesuit, Will Travel
           | comes to mind. Probably the first true Science Fiction I have
           | ever read!
        
         | delabay wrote:
         | The dreaded Wile E Coyote attack, the bane of every commuter's
         | existence.
        
           | vizzier wrote:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=APY-spLNvHI puddle might do
           | it tho
        
         | IncreasePosts wrote:
         | What are wile e coyote attacks? Painting a tunnel entrance on a
         | wall?
         | 
         | If Tesla FSD is better than the average driver using it, isn't
         | it still a net win, even if it might crash in different
         | scenarios than a human? Especially because a human has a window
         | to override FSD, but FSD doesn't really get a chance to
         | override a human, except in limited scenarios like automatic
         | emergency braking. And it gets more people using it by
         | providing FSD at a lower cost?
        
           | ModernMech wrote:
           | > What are wile e coyote attacks?
           | 
           | https://www.thedrive.com/news/tesla-autopilot-fails-wile-
           | e-c...
           | 
           | > If Tesla FSD is better than the average driver using it,
           | isn't it still a net win, even if it might crash in different
           | scenarios than a human?
           | 
           | That was the analysis when the industry was in its infancy. I
           | think a lot more work has to go into that argument for people
           | to accept it now that the driverless car industry has been
           | operating for a decade+, it's not really clear that this pans
           | out.
           | 
           | For example, today you can look at a car and predict how it's
           | going to behave because you have a good model for how people
           | drive. But let's say in the future driverless cars are much
           | "safer" on paper than human drivers, but they behave very
           | differently from them such that it's hard for people to
           | predict their behaviors.
           | 
           | Now you've created a highly dynamic system where you don't
           | have a good model for the all the actors because some of them
           | behave one way but others behave a completely different way.
           | Does this increase the overall safety of the system or
           | decrease it, despite the new actors being statistically safer
           | than the current ones?
           | 
           | I don't think you can with great confidence say what's going
           | to happen just by looking at crash rates and comparing to the
           | current system. You're going to change the whole system by
           | introducing large numbers of actors who "crash in different
           | scenarios than a human"
        
           | starkeeper wrote:
           | >> What are wile e coyote attacks? Painting a tunnel entrance
           | on a wall?
           | 
           | Yes!!! Thank you hopefully I will get credit for inventing
           | this attack :)
           | 
           | >> IncreasePosts 39 minutes ago | parent | context | flag |
           | on: Tesla: Failure of the FSD's degradation detection ...
           | 
           | What are wile e coyote attacks? Painting a tunnel entrance on
           | a wall?
           | 
           | >> If Tesla FSD is better than the average driver using it,
           | isn't it still a net win, even if it might crash in different
           | scenarios than a human?
           | 
           | I don't think so because it is fooled by simple things that
           | could easily be prevented and counting on a human to override
           | is very risky because the human is simply not alert in the
           | passive mode.
           | 
           | I think cameras are great, but there is no excuse not to also
           | use LIDAR.
        
           | kakacik wrote:
           | What if I am better than average driver? Thats anyway a very
           | low bar for success and its not going to fly with general
           | populations, laws and so on.
           | 
           | tesla cars killing people would be all over the news each
           | time and nobody would care that similar or even marginally
           | smaller amount of people would die anyway. People simply
           | expect way more for giving up control.
           | 
           | Is it really that hard to see?
        
       | jonthepirate wrote:
       | Tesla is a premium product - if someone is going to use FSD they
       | know its a luxury feature and should pay for the most
       | comprehensive safety features available which in my mind would of
       | (of course) require lidar
        
         | mbreese wrote:
         | _> Tesla is a premium product_
         | 
         | I'm not sure that's the case anymore. Each Tesla model has
         | gotten more spartan over the years. And the interiors have
         | never been all that "premium" when compared with other
         | manufacturers. They should still offer the most comprehensive
         | safety features, but whether or not thats because of "luxury"
         | or not, I'm not sure.
        
         | ModernMech wrote:
         | Tesla is an _expensive_ product, but it 's never been premium
         | as in "high quality". The interior has always felt bare like a
         | portapotty, the body panels have always been misaligned,
         | products like the CyberTruck have trim that is glued on and can
         | be ripped off by a pinky finger. And of course driverless
         | assist systems that have been known to decapitate multiple
         | peoples and get fooled by a cartoon wall.
        
       | jedberg wrote:
       | Ironic to see this on the front page just next to the report
       | about Waymos being 13 times safer than humans.
        
         | kirubakaran wrote:
         | Not surprising at all though, considering the "safety first" vs
         | "yolo" approaches, right?
        
           | jedberg wrote:
           | Not in the least. Cutting costs by only using cameras and
           | then claiming "well humans can do it so why not us" is one of
           | the dumbest things I've ever heard.
        
       | ares623 wrote:
       | This moved from the top spot on the front page so fast
        
         | kirubakaran wrote:
         | Looks like you're right: https://hnrankings.info/47445175/
        
         | haunter wrote:
         | Tesla / Elon is one of the topics where HN can't have a
         | meaningful discussion.
         | 
         | Some people upvote everything slightly negative about the
         | topic: "see how bad it is!!!"
         | 
         | Some people flag everything slightly negative about the topic:
         | "we rather not let you see how bad it is"
        
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