[HN Gopher] Conway's Game of Life, in real life
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Conway's Game of Life, in real life
        
       Author : surprisetalk
       Score  : 312 points
       Date   : 2026-03-19 03:55 UTC (19 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (lcamtuf.substack.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (lcamtuf.substack.com)
        
       | vunderba wrote:
       | Nice. A friend of mine just picked up a Linnstrument, and I'm
       | very tempted to create a Conway's Game of Life-based musical
       | visualization for it.
       | 
       | https://www.rogerlinndesign.com/linnstrument
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | Neat! For homebrew / "iot" stuff, there's LED button panels
         | like https://www.adafruit.com/product/1929 that could work.
        
       | fwipsy wrote:
       | I don't want to build this or pay for it, but I really want to
       | mess with it for an hour.
        
         | nsnzjznzbx wrote:
         | You need a science museum!
        
       | PetitPrince wrote:
       | My Alma matter has a jumbo version of this, in which the game if
       | life is one of several available mode
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioWall
        
       | CJefferson wrote:
       | I've always wanted something like this board, buttons which can
       | light up (preferably a few colours), to use to make games. Anyone
       | ever found such a board which is hackable / programmable?
        
         | rmnclmnt wrote:
         | Novation Launchpad used to be exactly that: you send MIDI CC
         | messages with proper values and you can light up the grid (with
         | different colors).
         | 
         | Did that a few years back, i guess this might still be possible
        
           | 1313ed01 wrote:
           | > used to be
           | 
           | Looks like they are still around?
           | https://novationmusic.com/launchpad
           | 
           | Also seems to be in stock locally.
           | 
           | The device that I think popularized that design (citation
           | needed) was the Monome (https://monome.org/) that looks like
           | it is also still around and it has (always had?) some kind of
           | open source license (https://github.com/monome).
        
             | rmnclmnt wrote:
             | Thanks for the heads up! I have been out of this loop for
             | quite a while, glad to see it's still there!
             | 
             | Yes Monome was this initial inspiration then followed by
             | many, but it was way more expensive and niche IIRC
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | https://www.adafruit.com/category/280, they're ready made from
         | 4x4 to 16x8 but in theory you can just put more modules into an
         | enclosure.
        
         | sodaplayer wrote:
         | There's custom firmware project for the Novation Launchpad.
         | 
         | I had a fork of this at one point where I made GoL for it and
         | had mapped the lit cells to a MIDI output.
         | 
         | https://github.com/mat1jaczyyy/lpp-performance-cfw
         | 
         | I haven't tried this yet, but there's also an open source grid-
         | controller project.
         | 
         | https://github.com/203-Systems/MatrixOS
        
         | cben wrote:
         | Aliexpress has a lot of cheap "smart gomoku board" now, they
         | are cheap rgb-lighted membrane button grids O(13x13) with
         | firmware playing games like Go, Reversi etc.
         | (https://he.aliexpress.com/item/1005010089221164.html,
         | https://he.aliexpress.com/item/1005011840606955.html ...).
         | These proved to be surprisingly fun with children, the tactile
         | interface is neat, and they're a good middle ground that helps
         | learn the rules of games (has 1-on-1 modes + solo against
         | several levels of "AI") but not as brain-rot distracting like a
         | tablet.
         | 
         | I haven't tried reverse-engineering one yet, I hope at least
         | some of these are hackable? Conway's life would certainly be
         | one fun use, but custom games are totally something I'd want to
         | make too!
         | 
         | Are these actually membrane or are there some switches there? I
         | assume membrane, if only based on the dirt-cheap price. Anyway
         | in combination with lighting up + sound the feedback feels
         | immersive enough, it's definitely more fun than poking a
         | tablet.
        
       | galaxyLogic wrote:
       | I wonder is there a version GoL where every bit on a computer-
       | display or LCD TV is one cell? How does it look?
        
         | alex_duf wrote:
         | Do you mean every pixel or every sub-pixel? Sub-pixel is
         | interesting because the geometry of the grid isn't going to be
         | the same from one screen to the other. It might also look
         | compressed horizontally.
        
         | eps wrote:
         | Conversely, it'd be cool to play it on an large empty office
         | building.
         | 
         | One window = one pixel.
        
           | slow_typist wrote:
           | Like Blinkenlights https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=PZRUtKYCpms
        
             | mlukaszek wrote:
             | Or, in Krakow, Poland in 2012 :)
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5KitN5HFGWc
        
           | galaxyLogic wrote:
           | Right but what if every window was an outward pointing LCD
           | screen each having their own node-per-pixel GoL !:_)
        
         | akkartik wrote:
         | How many bits per pixel are you assuming, and are you imagining
         | the red pixels are vertical neighbors with corresponding red
         | pixels above and below, etc.?
         | 
         | Should be easy to do on my phone: https://itch.io/post/15723528
        
           | galaxyLogic wrote:
           | Good point to explore
        
             | akkartik wrote:
             | At 8 bpp the effect is only colors moving vertically, up
             | and down. After a while digging into it I realize why: most
             | colors are too dark to be visible, we only see the most
             | significant bits in each channel. And when those bits
             | influence left or right the consequences are not visible.
             | 
             | Maybe I should try 2bpp. Or some HSL where I can clamp L.
             | 
             |  _Edit:_ Oh yes, it 's interesting at 2bpp!
        
         | dekhn wrote:
         | I did something like this: a 64x64 (4K) display of GoL (among
         | other things) using addressable pixels. Alas, I only took one
         | video when the display was working and it wasn't fully cleaned
         | up: https://photos.app.goo.gl/WUmVgBVVi6rXDqSB7
        
       | slow_typist wrote:
       | Tres cool.
       | 
       | A grid of capacitive touch sensors could be printed directly on
       | the pcb, bringing down costs by a degree of magnitude. Real
       | switches are much more satisfying though.
        
         | f1shy wrote:
         | I want to do a game like lights out. I'm thinking in 3d
         | printing transparent caps and using dirt chip pcb switches and
         | standard leds. The cost must be also down to 30 cts. Would be
         | like a middle ground.
        
       | exolab wrote:
       | > I figured out what would be a reasonable amount to spend on the
       | project and then multiplied that by 10.
       | 
       | I like the way you think.
        
         | alexpotato wrote:
         | Jeff Atwood has a great quote:
         | 
         | "I needed to replace 18 lightbulbs in my chandelier. Turns out
         | 18 times any number is a lot. In cash"
        
       | self_awareness wrote:
       | That's not a "physical" version of game of life -- that's a
       | digital version, like every version, but with bigger pixels.
        
         | gspr wrote:
         | I think "physical" refers to the fact that you initialize the
         | state by pressing physical buttons. That's quite accurate.
        
           | self_awareness wrote:
           | Well keyboard also has physical buttons. And mouse.
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | Does make me wonder if it's possible to make a physical /
         | analog / mechanical version of Game of Life.
         | 
         | fake edit: yes, kind of:
         | https://www.eurobricks.com/forum/forums/topic/164622-moc-mec...
        
           | zabzonk wrote:
           | sure is - i made one using poker chips and a chessboard - i
           | had to do the computations using my own brain though :-(
           | 
           | https://latedev.wordpress.com/2011/06/25/a-poker-chip-
           | comput...
        
       | eps wrote:
       | I saw one in a computer museum in Switzerland. It was a much
       | larger field, it was just large orange LEDs (or were they
       | tubes?), but it also cycled between a dozen of different cell
       | automata games. Something about being able to see individual
       | "pixels" made it really mesmerizing.
        
       | mastermedo wrote:
       | A thousand bucks for 17x17 touchscreen. Add a painting frame,
       | hang it on the wall, and you made yourself amazing art for cheap.
        
       | cjfd wrote:
       | When I was a teenager, I read a book about assembly language for
       | the commodore and implemented the game of life in a really simple
       | way. I just used the text screen. To switch on a cell, I would
       | put an asterisk ('*') in it. Then I could run my machine code
       | program and it would evolve according to the rules of the game of
       | life.
        
         | abcd_f wrote:
         | And who didn't do that! :)
         | 
         | You could also 4x the resolution by using half- and quarter-
         | block characters from the top half of the ASCII table (or it'd
         | be the PETSCII one i C64 case).
        
           | lproven wrote:
           | > And who didn't do that! :)
           | 
           | Exactly. It's even how I taught myself extremely basic Pascal
           | -- getting my BASIC Life program running in Pascal. With
           | asterisks.
           | 
           | A taught a friend at uni, who was a much better programmer
           | than me, how the algorithm worked. He did a pixel-by-pixel
           | version in machine code, but it was a bit slow on a ZX
           | Spectrum.
           | 
           | So he did exactly the quarter-character-cell version you
           | describe. I wrote the editor in BASIC, and he wrote a
           | machine-code routine that kicked in when told and ran the
           | generations. For extra fun he emitted some of the
           | intermediate state to the border, so the border flashed
           | stripes of colour as it calculated, so you could see it
           | "thinking". Handy for static patterns -- you could see it
           | hadn't crashed.
           | 
           | I've been considering doing a quarter-cell Mandelbrot for
           | about 30Y now. Never got round to it yet.
        
         | jerf wrote:
         | The answer to a lot of "wow, how did the 8-bit machine pull
         | that off? it seems like that would eat a lot of RAM" is that
         | the framebuffer _is_ the data storage. You were literally
         | looking at the primary data store itself, because when a full-
         | resolution framebuffer was 1 /4th your addressable RAM (and
         | slightly more than that for your actual RAM since you couldn't
         | ever quite use all 64KB no matter how you mapped it), you need
         | to get the most bang for the buck out of that RAM usage as you
         | can.
        
           | tempaccount5050 wrote:
           | Ha, I remember doing this with my Apple //. I forget what I
           | was doing, but realized if I could set a pixel and later get
           | what color was drawn at that location I could use it as a big
           | array. Didn't know about peek/poke yet. One of those core
           | "computers are magic" memories.
        
         | alnwlsn wrote:
         | When I got into retrocomputing a few years ago, I also did
         | this. Works great with TRS-80 semigraphic characters. First, I
         | wrote it in C with a Z80 c compiler. The, I wrote it again in
         | assembly and it was much faster! Amazing!
        
       | mkirsten wrote:
       | It is beautiful
        
       | Cthulhu_ wrote:
       | I love this and would love to see it on a wall at our office or
       | something like that. Maybe there's smaller/cheaper led/switches
       | that would work in a handheld version.
        
       | Traubenfuchs wrote:
       | Would be interesting to do this with people and observe the
       | inevitable mistakes they make.
       | 
       | Now that would be simulating life witg life.
        
         | ordu wrote:
         | Well, people can die if they have too many or too little of
         | neighbors, but they can't be summoned from a thin air if they
         | have just enough neighbors. Hard to simulate life with people.
         | Though if you are ready for a simulation step of 20 years or
         | so... But it still may not work, because you need people of two
         | opposing sexes and compatible genders near the empty sell to
         | fill it. In Game of Life all cells are hermaphrodites.
         | 
         | But I agree mistakes might be fun to watch.
        
       | mittermayr wrote:
       | Totally off-topic, and I may be wrong, but I immediately loved
       | the non-LLM writing-style and felt glued to the content just
       | through the writing alone. It's getting rare.
        
         | zytek wrote:
         | lcamtuf is doing that for decades!
        
         | tmountain wrote:
         | Personally, I can barely stomach reading LLM writing. I find
         | myself closing lots of articles after a sentence or two. I
         | wonder how this plays out longer-term regarding engagement.
        
           | jerf wrote:
           | In probably another year or two I expect the metrics will
           | show that it is a positive turn off. Unfortunately we're on
           | the cutting edge of this particular movement and there's
           | still a lot more "value" to be "extracted" from the general
           | public before they all get wise to it too.
           | 
           | The next problem we'll face after that, with the 1-2 years
           | newer AIs of the time, is that the default LLM voice is just
           | a particular affectation created by the training, not "the
           | voice of LLMs" or anything. It's trivial to kick them into a
           | different style. I just used AI to do some architecture
           | design documents this week, and prompted it to first look at
           | about 1-2k words that I wrote myself all organically for the
           | style. The good news is the resulting documents almost, but
           | admittedly, not quite entirely, lack that LLM style. They're
           | still prone to more bullet lists than I use directly; then
           | again, in this context they were fairly appropriate, so I'm
           | not too triggered by the result.
           | 
           | The bad news is, that's all it takes to make AI writing that
           | isn't in that default tone. It's not that hard. Students
           | cheating on essays have already figured it out, the spammers
           | really can't be that far behind. Probably more stuff than we
           | realize is already AI output, it's just the stragglers and
           | those who don't really care (which I imagine is a lot of
           | spammers, after all) who are still failing to tweak the
           | style. They'll catch up as soon as engagement falls off.
        
             | fwipsy wrote:
             | I think HN readers are the leading edge of the technology
             | literate. Might take longer than you think for the general
             | public to start noticing "AI voice."
        
         | Lerc wrote:
         | I have not felt that it was becoming rare. Certainly on
         | platforms like YouTube you can see automated processes cranking
         | blandness at scale. I haven't found it encroaching on the
         | topics that interest me like toy electronic projects, how some
         | ancient game rendered its Sprites, colour space analysis, or a
         | compiler that fits in a tweet,
         | 
         | I'm sure there are an abundant source of 'How I hustled a
         | thumpawangy into $1000 a month in subscriptions" written by AI,
         | but I doubt I could perceive a loss in that compared to the
         | ones we had before.
        
           | fwipsy wrote:
           | Do you have a link? Been looking to switch thumpawangy
           | vendors.
        
       | possiblydrunk wrote:
       | Nicely done! Scale matters. If you make something big enough
       | relative to its expected size, it will impress and captivate,
       | even if it's simple. General observation, not that the
       | construction here was by any means simple.
        
       | lproven wrote:
       | This is fantastic, but there's no way I am taking the time to
       | build one, and the cost is a little frightening...
        
       | rojoroboto wrote:
       | I bet that the author would really get a kick out of the T2 Tile
       | Project.
        
       | MrGilbert wrote:
       | I wonder if going for keyboard switches with RGB could bring the
       | price down, if you then either print the keycaps yourself, our
       | use a 3d printing service. 23 Cherry MX switches cost 20EUR,
       | that's roughly 260EUR for a 17x17 matrix.
        
         | waterproof wrote:
         | Should be doable to implement GoL on an ortholinear RGB
         | keyboard using QMK
        
           | MrGilbert wrote:
           | I mean - that sounds like an awesome project in itself!
        
       | kangalioo wrote:
       | A much cheaper way might have been to buy a couple of Novation
       | Launchpads. 8x8 full RGB tactile buttons for 90EUR, MIDI-
       | controllable. Four of those next to another for 16x16 at 360EUR
       | plus a little bit for cables and controller comes out at 1/3 the
       | price
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | It would be larger (even with the mini), you'd have gaps
         | between the four, and also the four middle buttons in each part
         | have their corners clipped.
         | 
         | But you can get illuminated buttons for less money:
         | https://www.ebay.com/itm/173922115935
        
           | relaxing wrote:
           | Looking at teardown images of the launchpad pcb, it might be
           | possible to shave down the ground plane on the two non-button
           | sides enough that you could mate them up with no bezel
           | interfering.
           | 
           | Re: illuminated tact's: Old launchpads go for $25 - $30 on
           | ebay, and you don't have to purchase your own control and
           | power components...
        
             | layer8 wrote:
             | The size and button shape concerns would remain.
        
       | jFriedensreich wrote:
       | how is this real life more than a monitor, its just bigger
       | pixels. i was expecting programmable live cells or something
       | mechanical
        
         | waterproof wrote:
         | Check out the video - you can draw on the game by pressing the
         | switches.
        
       | smcameron wrote:
       | Something like those switches might be made very cheaply with a
       | 3D printer, possibly a laser cutter, some transparent or
       | semitransparent acrylic sheet, tactile switches and some LEDs. I
       | designed a cheapo replacement for $50 tellite switches and got
       | the price down to about $0.60 Not quite the same, as these are a
       | lot bigger, and getting things down to the desired size might be
       | troublesome. Anyway, here's a little video of my fake cheapo
       | tellite switches: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LaenrgPVCjc
        
       | zuiko_39182 wrote:
       | this matches my experience exactly
        
       | Tepix wrote:
       | Lovely project indeed. If you want to build your own: I found a
       | whole bunch of much cheaper illuminated switches on AliExpress
       | within minutes.
        
       | Nevermark wrote:
       | This is fantastic.
       | 
       | I happen to own a physical pong table. Everyone loves it. [0]
       | There is something magical about material and only-does-one-thing
       | instantiations of digital things.
       | 
       | ----
       | 
       | I am really looking forward to a flat table top screen consisting
       | of millions of magnetically-controlled vertical-extruding rod
       | pixels, with actual color controlled pixels along their length.
       | For an amazing table display/extrusion of D&D dungeons and
       | terrain, for miniatures.
       | 
       | A little sensor ability, and when the extrusion "scrolls"
       | laterally, it could create little lips that move the miniatures
       | too, so they stay "in place". And move NPCs around at the DMs
       | direction. Now turn of the room lights, and use the light pixels
       | not just for color, but for lighting effects like wall lamps
       | flickering, add spooky position-distributed sounds...
       | 
       | That has to be coming soon, right?
       | 
       | Some part of me wants to describe it Claude, iterate, and say
       | "Now polish that design, economically optimize the parts, link in
       | the supply chain, and ship me the first review unit." That has to
       | be coming soon, right?
       | 
       | The lines separating planes of reality, they are a blurring,
       | quickly.
       | 
       | ----
       | 
       | [0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84Ymt9BAq5s
        
         | relaxing wrote:
         | And optimize for repair when one of the thousands of actuators
         | gets stuck or burns out...
         | 
         | Here's a thought, though: you've seen the sand table + kinect
         | projection mapping demo? What about that, plus a two-axis
         | moving magnet sand mandala marble drawing table? The actuator
         | could draw the path /sculpt the terrain, then release the
         | marble and grab the figurines?
        
           | Nevermark wrote:
           | Thanks. I had not seen that. It is definitely the poor mans
           | software controlled physical reality I am looking for! :)
           | 
           | Yeah, that would provide a much richer environment for table
           | top role play games. And allow for telepresence meet ups.
        
           | sleepybrett wrote:
           | the trick it to be able to actuate the rods without placing a
           | linear actuator on every one, but it's a complicated problem.
           | Magnetism? hydraulic shafts fed and drained by a series of
           | gates making a matrix? acoustic levitation?
           | 
           | I'm reminded of the old BERG London pixel track display that
           | used a little cart with a vertical array of solenoids that
           | would travel the length of the display flipping each
           | individual pixel on an off physically.
           | https://www.designboom.com/technology/pixel-track-berg-
           | cloud... It's on my list of'next time i'm unemployed'
           | projects to pick up and open source a design for.
        
       | mvrckhckr wrote:
       | Great idea and execution. I like your thinking.
        
       | meindnoch wrote:
       | Eh. I thought they had somehow created a physical realization of
       | Conway's Game of Life.
        
       | alexb_ wrote:
       | This isn't what this is about, but I wonder if anyone has created
       | a fully mechanized version of Conway's Game of Life. The fact
       | that you only have to follow 4 rules, and each cell only needs to
       | observe its neighbors to follow those rules, makes me wonder if
       | it's possible to track these things mechanically. I unfortunately
       | don't know enough about mechanical engineering to do such a
       | thing.
        
       | kanapala wrote:
       | Technology Will Save Us, from a brighter past, produced the
       | Arcade Coder as their swan song. It had 12x12 tactile buttons
       | with color leds inside, a companion app to program it with
       | scratch like code blocks, and interactive tutorials. It's ESP32
       | based. There's an effort to continue it's life, ast the app was
       | on the app store for a brief time.
       | https://github.com/padraigfl/twsu-arcade-coder-esp32
        
       | satiated_grue wrote:
       | This would be something neat to do with a core memory array, just
       | like this but bigger:
       | 
       | https://www.core64.io/
        
       | alnwlsn wrote:
       | Wow, in switches alone this would cost me $1200! Which actually
       | isn't that bad for a one off-like this with easily available
       | components - I've seen worse. You can of course take your chances
       | with Aliexpress Specials but be warned: some of those cheap
       | switches are _cheap switches_ (sometimes, they 're barely even
       | switches). And you won't be getting them inside of 2 weeks.
       | 
       | I think I would have tried mechanical keyboarding switches that
       | can take an LED and a clear keycap. Not really the same effect,
       | but you could probably have gotten out to 24x24 for the same
       | price.
        
       | imglorp wrote:
       | Someone's senior project was an EEPROM based life in discrete
       | logic and a bunch of LEDs. There was no CPU; the ROM served as a
       | state machine. I wish I knew more about it now; I'm not sure how
       | it latched state.
        
       | ge96 wrote:
       | Damn around $900 just for the switches, I feel it, little project
       | costing a lot but it's fun
       | 
       | In my case a $300 camera that produces worse photos than an old
       | flagship $50 camera from eBay
        
       | sleepybrett wrote:
       | In the seatac airport there used to be a big 'life wall' they did
       | their switches w/ capacitive metal disks
        
       | andysalmela34 wrote:
       | well written but i disagree with the conclusion. the data
       | supports multiple interpretations
        
       | Melraidin wrote:
       | > Can it be made for less?
       | 
       | Would you be able to use the LEDs as light sensors and eliminate
       | the switch component entirely? Maybe a tubular shield over each
       | LED so it doesn't interact with others around it then covering it
       | with your finger could be read as toggling the state?
        
         | egypturnash wrote:
         | The rest of your hand is not transparent and will cover a lot
         | of other buttons while you're only trying to push one.
        
           | Melraidin wrote:
           | I'd assume you could detect a difference between a
           | completely/nearly completely covered LED shield and one with
           | a large gap between your hand at the top of the shield.
        
       | bawolff wrote:
       | > To bring the idea to life, I started with rigorous budgeting: I
       | figured out what would be a reasonable amount to spend on the
       | project and then multiplied that by 10.
       | 
       | Lol, this is the way to do hobbies
        
       | sleepybrett wrote:
       | It's not edge to edge, though maybe if you built your own silicon
       | overlay you could make it edge to edge.. but adafruit sells these
       | tileable pcbs and silicon overlays with capacitive buttons:
       | https://www.adafruit.com/product/3954
        
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       (page generated 2026-03-19 23:01 UTC)